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HISTORICAL SKETCHES 



OF 



ANDOVER, 



(COMPRISING THE PRESENT TOWNS OF NORTH ANDOVER 

AND ANDOVER), 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



BY 



SARAH LORING BAILEY. 



None are so apt to build and plant for future centuries, as those noble-spirited men who have 
received tlteir lieritages from foregone ages. — Washington Irving. 

Neque, 
Si charta: sileant quod bene feceris, 
Mercedem tuleris. — Horace. 




BOSTON: 

HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY. 

C()E Biberstlie Prcsci, CambrilJtrc. 

1880. 






Copyright, 1880, 
BY SARAH LORING BAILEY. 

All ris-hts reserved. 



The Riverside Press, Camhridge : 
Printed by H. O. Houghton and Company. 



PREFACE. 



When this book was announced with the title " Sl<etches of Old 
Andover," the intention of the writer was simply to make a collec- 
tion of sketches of the romance and pneti)^ of Old Andover his- 
tory. But, subsequentl}^, by request of friends, the task was un- 
dertaken of arranging these in chronological order in the form of 
a continuous history. This necessitated, changes, — in fact, an al- 
most entire alteration of the original plan, — and was attended with 
unforeseen difhculties and delays. The great amount of material 
for history, the time and expense required for its collection, to say 
nothing of the labor of arranging it in a readable form and obtaining 
means for its publication, have been among the causes of delay. 
And even now only a portion of the history has been covered, al- 
though the size of the book exceeds the expectation of the writer. 
Yet, for many reasons it has been thought best not to make further 
change, either reduction or addition, but to present what has been 
accomplished. The work, therefore, is offered to the public not 
without a sense of its deficiencies and inadequacy, 5'et in the hope 
that it may be not wholly devoid of interest and value. If the 
histories written by antiquaries and scholars, with ample facilities 
and abundant means, are found to contain errors, it will hardly be 
a matter of surprise that my sketches should prove faulty. But as 
no one else for fifty years has undertaken to search the ancient 
records for a connected history of the town, I venture to make the 
contribution, in the hope that it will at least awaken interest and 
stimulate research. Public spirited citizens and the towns them- 
selves (North Andover and Andover) could hardly make a better 
appropriation of money than to found and endow an Old Ando- 
ver Historical and Genealogical Society, which would possess 
means and influence to prosecute the work of historical research 
and collection. That such work may be done in the future and a 
complete and accurate history made of the town in all its depart- 



iv PREFACE. 

merits of activity, none would more cordially desire or gladly aid 
in accomplishing than the writer of these " Historical Sketches of 
Andover." 

I desire to thank the various librarians of historical and genea- 
logical societies and the custodians of records and archives, who 
have courteously rendered me assistance. To mention their names 
would be less to honor them than to adorn these pages. 

To the scholars and literary critics who took pains to examine 
the manuscript and who gave the influence of their opinion in the 
prospectus, I am under great obligation, which to repeat their 
names here would be to heighten.' 

To the subscribers, whose generous gifts have secured the pub- 
lication and illustration of the book, I am deeply indebted, espe- 
cially to the gentlemen who in addition to their large subscription 
assumed the chief part of the pecuniary responsibility. 

To the scientific scholar who kindly prepared the geological in- 
troduction, not only the writer but the readers of these Sketches 
owe gratitude. His name is so well known that it does not need 
mention to friends of Andover, who will readily recognize the ini- 
tials at the close of the chapter. 

It is unnecessary to rehearse here the names of authors and the 
works consulted in the preparation of the book, yet thanks are 
due to the families and individuals who have intrusted me with 
valuable private papers. 

In regard to one or two points in the book a word may be 
added. Some repetitions of statement occur in regard to persons 
and events in the several chapters, for the reason that the subject- 
matter is arranged topically rather than in the form of annals, and 
each chapter is intended to be sufficiently comprehensive to be in 
a measure independent of the other chapters. Many eminent 
names of Andover do not appear in these pages because the 
Sketches do not cover the departments of enterprise in which they 
were active, or the events in which they bore a conspicuous part. 

Some additional matter, and emendations and corrections, will 
be found in the Appendix. Following this are the names of the 
subscribers who secured the publication. 

S, L. B. 

North Andover, November, 1880. 



I 



CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION. 

Prehistoric Andovcr. 

PACK 

Topographical Notes. — Mutilation and Unintelligibility of the earliest 
Rock Records. — Places where the Oldest Rocks appear and their Char- 
acter. — Andover during the Middle Periods of Geologic Time. — Abun- 
dance and Plainness of the later Geological Record. — Places where 
Marks of the Glacial Epoch appear in the Rocks. — Remarkable Eleva- 
tions of the Glacial Period. — Character of the Series of Hills extending 
from Wood Hill to the Hills around Great Pond. — Origin of their Sci- 
entific Name "Lenticular" Hills. — Explanation of the Manner in which 
they were formed. — Remarkable Ridges of the Glacial Period. — Char- 
acter and Extent of Ridges illustrated in the Plates. — Origin of the Sci- 
entific Name " Karnes." — Characteristics, Height, Slope, and Composi- 
tion of the Ridges. — Description of Indian Ridge by President Edward 
Hitchcock. — Explorations and Descriptions of the Ridges made by Rev. 
G. F. Wright. — Discoveries of Parallel Systems. — Difference of Opin- 
ion as to the Manner in which Karnes were formed. — Most probable 
Theory. — Formation of tlie Ponds in Andover. — Possibility that An- 
dover Ponds, Peat Bogs, and Kettle Holes may afford aid in determining 
the Anticjuity of Man xxiv 



CHAPTER I. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 

Scantiness of Relics. — First Mention of the Vicinity of Andover. — First 
Action with Reference to Settlement. — Letters of Mr. Ward and Mr. 
Woodbridge. — First Record of a Resident, Richard Barker. — First re- 
corded Deed of Land, Mr. Bradstreet to Richard Sutton. — First Descrip- 
tion. — Incorporation. — Name. — Mother Town in England. — List of 
first Freeholders. — Memorials of first Freeholders. — Mr. Simon Brad- 
street, and his Draft of a Deed from Richard Sutton to George Abbot. — 
John Osgood, the first Representative to the General Court. — His Will 
and Inventory, Descendants, Burial-place. — John Stevens. — The Inven- 
tory of his Estate, his Descendants. — The Early Plantation. — Purchase 
from the Indians. — Roger's Reservation. — Laying out of the Village. — 



vi CONTENTS. 

House-lot Rights. — Common Lands. — Dwe.Iling-places of first Settlers. 

— Proprietors. — Mode of Taxation. — Town Meeting. — Action respect- 
ing Land Grants, Places of Abode, Roving Animals, Flocks and Herds. 

— Lawsuits and Troubles from Trespass of Domestic Animals. — 
Herdsmen and their Assistants. — Depredations of "Wild Beasts. — 
Hunting. — Den Rock. Wolf Pit Meadow, and other suggestive Local 
Names. — Negro Slavery. — Hired Servants. — Apprentices. — Day- 
laborers. — Facilities for Communication with other Towns. — Roads. — 
Boats on the Merrimack River. — Vessels built at Andover. — Ferries. — 
Town Boundaries. — Land of Nod. — Mason's Claim. — Town Grants of 
Land. — Highways and Taverns. — Social Life. — Weddings. — Dress. — 
Sumptuary Laws. — Account in " The Magnalia " of the first Murder, a 
Wife by her Husband. — Memorials of Freeholders, continued. — Edmond 
Faulkner. — George Abbot, Senr. — John Frye. ^ Benjamin Wood- 
bridge. — Richard Barker. —Daniel Poor. — Nicholas Holt. — Thomas 
Chandler. — John Lovejoy. — Andrew .Foster, and other Fosters, Early 
Settlers in Andover. — William Ballard. — Joseph Parker. — Nathan 
Parker. — Robert Barnard. — Andrew Allen. — Other Names. — List of 
Cidzens who took Oath of Allegiance in 167S. — Memoranda of Early 
Settlers, continued. — George Abbot of Rowley. — Daniel Bixby. — Wil- 
liam Blunt. — John Bridges. — John Carlton. — Francis Dane. — The 
Farnums. — Robert Gray. — John Gutterson. — Henry Ligalls. — Thomas 
Johnson. — Lawrence Lacey. — Samuel Marble. — Marston, Martin, 
Phelps, Preston. — Joseph Robinson. — Robert Russell. — Salter. — Ses- 
sions. — Stone. — Samuel Wardwell. — Joseph Wilson. — Edward 
Whittington. — Walter Wright. — List of Tax-payers, 1692. — Memoranda 
of Early Settlers, continued. — John Aslebe. — Samuel Blanchard. — 
Henry Bodwell. — Pascoe Chubb. — Thomas Carrier. —Joseph Emery. 

— Edward Farrington. — Abraham Graves. — Moses Hagget. — Abra- 
ham Mooar. — Andrew Peters. — Robert Swan. — Allen Toothaker. — 
Moses Tyler. — Robert Eimes. — The Bradstreet House. — The Citizens 
in Town Meeting. — Conduct in Town Meeting. — Times of Town Meet- 
ings. — Tax Collection. — Action in Respect to the Revolution of 1689. 

— List of Civil Officers in the First Fifty Years. — List of Town Officers 
and Description of some Offices and their Duties. — Reception of New- 
comers. — Emigration. — Occupations of Citizens. — Mills. — Fisheries. 

— Distillery. — Stores and Trade. — Agriculture. — Lists of Names of 
Principal Families settled in the Second Fifty Years. — Memorials of 
Noted Families. — Phillips.— Kittredge. — Adams. —Peabody . .1-162 

CHAPTER H. 

THE PART OF ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 

Aboriginal Inhabitants. — Treatment of the Natives. — Village of " Praying 
Indians" on the Merrimack. — Subjection of the Indians. — Military Or- 
ganization at Andover. — List of Officers of Militia in the First Century. 

— Military Resources of the Colony described by E. R., 1676. — First 
Alarms of Hostile Indians at Andover. — Narraganset Soldiers from An- 
dover. — Rumors and Alarms in the Spring of 1675. — Measures for De- 
fence. — Garrisons, Stockades, etc. — Attack on Andover in April, 1676. 



COiVTENTS. Vll 

Panic in the Town. —Garrisons. — Soldiers Killed in the Kennebec 

Expedition. — Capt. Dudley Bradstreet's Measures for Defence. — A 
Lull in Hostilities. — Renewal of Fighting. — Change in the Militia of 
Essex County. — Measures for Defence of Frontier Towns- — Travellers 
Slain. — Second Attack on Andover, and Murder of Captain Chubb. — 
Contemporary Accounts. — Peace by the Treaty of Ryswick. — Queen 
Anne's War. — Militaiy Defences at Andover. — Scouting. — Stock of 
Ammunition. — Snow-shoe Men. — Capt. Benjamin Stevens's Expedition 
to Winnipiseogee. — The Romantic Story of Chaplain Frye . . 163-193 



CHAPTER III. 

WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 

Nature and Effects of the Delusion.— Witchcraft at Andover in 1658.— 
-- Beginning of the " Salem Witchcraft." — The Origin of the Delusion at 
Andover. — Spread of the Epidemic. — List of Persons Accused. — Trial 
and Execution of Martha Carrier. — Condemnation and Execution of 
Mary Parker. — Trial and Execution of Samuel Wardwell. — Trial, Con- 
demnation, and Death of Ann Foster. — Trial, Condemnation, and Re- 
prieve of Abigail Faulkner. —Trial and Condemnation of Elizabeth John- 
son, Jr., and Mary Lacey, Jr. — Condemnation of Sarah Wardwell.— 
Sufferings of the Prisoner's Children. — Accusation of Elizabeth John- 
son's Children. —Confessions of Mary Marston, William Barker, Mercy 
Wardwell, and Others. — Confession of Mrs. Mary Osgood. — Mode of 
extorting Confessions. — Colonel Bradstreet's Examinations of Witches. 
— Sufferings of Prisoners in the Jail. — Protests of the Rev. Francis 
Dane and Others. — Mr. Brattle's "Full and Candid Account." — Peti- 
tion for Release of the Prisoners on Bail. — Court of Assizes and Jail 
Delivery, and Letters of Mr. Dane. — Petition of Andover Citizens. — 
Petition of the Accused Women. — Reaction of Public Feeling. — Peni- 
tence of the Accusers.— Remorse and Confession of Judge Sewall.— 
The Grave of Timothy Swan, killed by Witchcraft — End of the Delu- 
sion 194-237 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE PART OF ANDOVER IN THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 

King George's War. — Deaths of Soldiers in the King's Service. — Peti- 
tion of Capt. James Stevens for a Township. — Beginning of the Old 
French War. — Officers of the Fourth Essex Regiment of Militia. — 
Capt. John Abbot's Commission. — Kennebec River Expedition. — Peti- 
tion of Daniel Mooar. — Cape Breton Expedition. — Colonel Frye's 
Men. — Petition of Jonathan Parker. — Petition of John Granger and 
Enoch Poor. — Destruction of Acadian Villages. — Acadians at Andover. 
— Andover Soldiers in Acadia. — Crown Point Expedition, 1755.— 
Deaths of Soldiers. — Petitions of Jacob Tyler, Sarah Stevens, John Bar- 
ker, Israel Adams. —Oswego Expedition. —Petition of James Frye. — 
Letter of Rev. Samuel Chandler. — Crown Point Expedition, 1756. — Peti- 
tions of Stephen Lovejoy, Phineas Tyler, Hannih Johnson, James Parker 



viii CONTENTS. 

for Margaret Furbush, Nicholas Holt. — Petition of Surgeon Ward Noyes. 

— Commission. — Petitions for Isaac Foster, John Foster, Joseph Abbot. 

— Campaign of 1757. — Service of Col. Joseph Frye. — Form of Enlist- 
ments. — Sufferings of Colonel Frye. — Memorial of Moody Bridges.— 
Sufferings of Soldiers. — Action of Colonel Frye for a Township. — 
Efforts in Behalf of Prisoners. — Jesse Parker. — Military Movements, 
1758. — Attack on Ticonderoga. — Expedition against Canada. — Peti- 
tions of Capt. Asa Foster, John Farnum. — De Drucour at Andover. — 
Relics of Service, 1759. —Lieut. Jacob Farrington. — Moses Bailey.— 
Surgeon Abiel Abbot. — Mutiny of Colonel Frye's Men in Nova Scotia. 

— Expedition against Montreal. — Petitions of Oliver Holt, Capt. Peter 
Parker, John Beverly. — Diary of Isaac Noyes. — Expenses of the War. — 
Names of Officers. — Captain Farrington. — Militia. — Representatives to 
the General Court. — Sergeant Jonathan French. — Close of the War. — 
Manners and Customs of the Period. — Petition of James Kittredge. — 
Petition of John Kittredge. — Effects of the War. — Petition of Select- 
men. — Every-day Life of the Time. — Will of John Peabody. — The Pre- 
Revolutionary Period a Pleasant Picture 238-285 

CHAPTER V. 

THE PART OF ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 

Discontent at Unjust Taxation. — Opposition to the Stamp Act. — Adher- 
ence to Law and Order. — Non-importation Act Approved. — Action re- 
specting the Boston Massacre. — Persons refusing to Sign the Non- 
importation Act. — Conservatism of Representative Samuel Phillips. — 
Ardor of Representative Moody Bridges. — Feeling against Governor 
Gage. — Declaration in Support of the Provincial Congress. — Dignified 
Bearing of Andover during the Crisis before Hostilities. — Distinguished 
Patriots. — Committees of Circumspection and Safety. — Town Taxes 
paid to the Receiver-general instead of Governor Gage's Treasurer. — 
Military Preparation at the beginning of 1775. — Muster of Town Foot- 
companies. — Enlistment of Two Companies of Minute Men for One 
Year. — Choice of Officers. — Muster-roll of Capt. Thomas Poor's Com- 
pany. — Muster-roll of Capt. Benjamin Ames's Company. — Patriotic 
Zeal of Col. Samuel Johnson in Enlisting Men for Service. — Address to 
his Regiment. — Invasion of Essex County by Royal Troops. — Encoun- 
ter with Provincial Militia. — Mediation of Rev. Thomas Barnard. — 
Suspense of waiting for Military Action. — Lexington Alarm. — March of 
Companies from Andover. — Muster-rolls. — Lieut. Peter Poor (acting 
Captain). — Capt. Henry Abbot, Capt. Nathaniel Lovejoy, Capt. Joshua 
Holt. — Service of Adjutant-general Bimsley Stevens. — Major Samuel 
Osgood. — Major Dunbar of the Royal Army. — Visit to Mrs. Osgood at 
Andover. — Sketch of the Life of Mrs. Osgood by her Husband. — An- 
dover Soldiers on the March to Lexington and Cambridge. — Extract 
from the Diary of Lieut. Benjamin Farnum. — Reminiscences of Captain 
Furbush. — Extract from Thomas Boynton's Diary. — Camp Life at Cam- 
bridge in the Spring of 1775, described in James Stevens's Diary. — 
Taking a Schooner. — Major Poor. — Patriotic Song. — Scenes after the 
Battle. — Letter of Mrs. Winthrop, her Flight and Refuge in Andover. 



CONTENTS. ix 

— Vigilance against Enemies witliout and within the Town. — Action of 
the Provincial Congress to withdraw Allegiance from Governor Gage. — 
Town of Andover endorses it, chooses Samuel Phillip.s, Jr., Esq., Repre- 
sentative to the Congress. — His Important Service. — Col. Joseph Frye 
at Andover and Cambridge. — Battle of Bunker Hill. — Notes and Inci- 
dents of Andover Men's Service. — Captain Ames's Company. — Captain 
Furbush's Company. — Captain Farnuni's Company. — Sergeant Boyn- 
ton's Description of the Battle. — Col. James Frye's Courage. — Private 
John Barker. — Salem Poor's Bravery. — Samuel Bailey's Death on the 
Field. — Losses of Companies. — Captain Farnum Wounded. — Anxiety 
at Andover. — Departure of Rev. Mr. French to Camp on Sunday.— 
Eminent Men of Andover at Cambridge. — Rev. David Osgood, his Feel- 
ings in regard to the War. — Dr. Thomas Kittredge and other Surgeons 
and Physicians of the Time. — Col. Joseph Frye's Commission as Gen- 
eral-Refugees from Boston. — Nathaniel Appleton. — Joseph Hall. — 
Mrs. Lydia Smith. — Removal of Harvard College Library to Andover. 

— Extracts from the Diary of James Stevens describing Camp Life at 
Cambridge in the Summer of 1775. — Captain Furbush's Invitation to 
Dine with General Washington. — Col. James Frye's choleric Speech to 
General Washington. — Reenforcements to the Army about Boston. — 
Roll of Capt. John Abbot's Company. — Captain Farnum's Company.— 
Capt. John Peabody's Company. — Scarcity of Gunpowder. — Order of 
the General Court to put in Operation a Mill for its Manufacture at Stough- 
ton. — Offer of Judge Phillips to build a Mill at Andover at his own E.x- 
pense on certain Conditions. — Vote to grant him a Supply of Saltpetre, 
and to Purchase his Powder at Eight Pence per Pound. — Builder and 
Master-workman from the Mill at Stoughton secured.— Aid of Citizens 
Enlisted. — Mill put in Operation March, 1776. — Manufacture of One 
Thousand Pounds of Gunpowder per Week. — Guard about the Mill. — 
Scarcity of Saltpetre. — Practical Help of the Schoolmaster, Mr. Pearson, 
in Chemical Operations. — Workmen Exempted from Military Duty. — 
Meeting-house Stoves put in Requisition for the Powder-mill. — Interest 
felt in the Enterprise. — Gunpowder not a complete Success. — Complaints 
of Military Officers. — Order of the General Court for Re-manufacture of 
Defective Powder.— Inspector Burbeck to Visit Andover. — Explosion, 
1778.— Mr. Phillips exonerated from Blame and requested to resume the 
Manufacture. — The State agrees to bear Expense in case of future Ex- 
plosion. — Aid of Experts from France. — Letter of Mr. Phillips describ- 
ing their Work. — Gradual Discontinuance of the Manufacture. — Explo- 
sion, 1796. —Relic of the Powder Manufacture, a Gravestone in the Old 
South Burying Ground. —Distress during the Winter of 1775. — Provis- 
ion for Soldiers.— Coats for Eight Months' Men given by the State. 

— Receipt for Coats. — Death of Col. James Frye.— Graves of Col- 
onels Frye and Johnson in the Old North Burying-ground. —Mili- 
tary Service in Distant Places. — Scanty Records. — Roll of Colonel 
Johnson's Regiment. — March of Andover Men to Reenforce North- 
western Army. — Roll of Capt. Samuel Johnson's Company. — Extract 
from Capt. Samuel Johnson's Note-book. — Declaration of Independence. 

— Measures for the Formation of a State Constitution. — Andover's Op- 
position to Immediate Action. — Colonel Johnson's Instructions. — Con- 



X COiVTENTS. 

stitution drafted but not accepted. — Convention of Delegates.— Sam- 
uel Phillips, Jr., one of Committee to draft Constitution. — Vote of the 
Town to approve. — Discussion of Bill of Rights. — Andover in Favor 
of Religious Compulsion. — Notes of Military Service about Boston.-- 
Rolls of Continental Service. — Principal Military Service of 1777 in the 
Northwest. — Roll of Capt. Benjamin Farnum's Company. — Extracts 
from Captain Farnum's Journal. — His Acquaintance with Miss Jane 
McRea. — Letter of Corporal Joseph Shattuck. — Surrender to the Brit- 
ish, of Forts Ticonderoga and Independence. — Retreat of Colonel Fran- 
cis. —His Death recorded by Captain Farnum. — Letter of Joseph Shat- 
tuck. — Battle of Bennington recorded by Captain Farnum. — Battle of 
Stillwater. — Journey down the Hudson. — March to Valley Forge.— 
Camp at Valley Forge. — Muster-roll of Captain Farnum's Company. — 
Letter of Colonel Tupper. — Colonel Johnson marches to Reenforce 
General Lincoln's Army in the Northwest. — Rolls of the Regiment.— 
Roll of Capt. John Adams's Company. — Roll of Capt. John Abbot's 
Company. — Roll of Capt. Samuel Johnson's Company. — Private Expe- 
dition of Colonels Brown and Johnson to Fort Ticonderoga. — Their 
Plan of Attack, its Partial Execution and Success. — Embarkation of 
Prisoners and Stores. — Attack from Enemy's Batteries on Diamond 
Island. — Retreat to Skenesborough and Pawlet. — Letters of Jonathan 
Stevens, a Soldier in the Expedition. — This Expedition a Check to Gen- 
eral Burgoyne. — Colonel Johnson's Indefatigable Labors — Petition of 
a Soldier. — Tribute to the Memory of Colonel Johnson. — Town Peti- 
tions for a Representative in Place of Colonel Johnson while he was in 
Military Service. — Gen. Enoch Poor at Stillwater. — Some Particulars 
of his Life.— Service of Andover Men in Rhode Island. — Muster-roll of 
Capt. Samuel Johnson's Company. — Various Service of Men. — Relic of 
Service at Peekskill. — Petition of William Adams at West Point. — Dis- 
content at the prolonged Military Service. — Captain Lovejoy's Statement 
of Grievances. — Action of the Town to prevent Treason. — Distressing 
and Demoralizing Effects of the War. — Extortioners rebuked by Mr. 
j,-,-e,-ich. — Depreciation of Currency. — Provision for Soldiers' Families, 
and General Relief. — Town Bounties.— Memoranda of Military Service, 
1779-So. — Capt. Stephen Abbot, and Capt. John Abbot, at West Point. 
— Muster-rolls of Captain Abbot's Company. — Commissions. — The 
Dark Day a Portent of Gloom. —Joy at the Victory of Yorktown.— 
Slaves in Military Service. — Proclamation of Peace as described by 
Prof. John Abbot, then a Student at Harvard College. — Death of the 
Patriot James Otis at Andover. — Lists of Military and Civil Officers 
during tlie Revolution. — Discontent at Taxation. — Disapproval of Paper 
Currency. — Committee to consider Grievances, their Report. — Shays's 
Insurrection. — Instructions to the Representative, Peter Osgood, Escp — 
Samuel Phillips, Esq., in Favor of Good Order and Suppression of Rebel- 
lion. — Convention for Framing the Federal Constitution. — Important 
Part of the Andover Delegate, William Symmes, Esq., in favor of Adop- 
tion. — Hon. Samuel Osgood, First Postmaster-general. — Letter of 
Thomas Houghton, respecting the Military Service of Englishmen. — 
Adopted Citizens. — General Washington's Visit to Andover. —Visit 
of the Marquis de Chastellux. — Thomas Houghton's Description of the 



CONTENTS. xi 

Town, 17S9.— Manners and Customs. —Travelling Facilities. — Stages. 

— Taverns. — Post-riders. — A Relic of Travelling. — Stores. — General 
Condition of Things in Andovcr at the Close of the Century. — Death 
of General Washington. — Commemorative Services, February 22, iSoo. 

— Death and Funeral of Lieutenant-governor Phillips . . . 286-409 

CHAPTER VI. 

CHURCHES AND MINISTERS. — CHURCH-YARDS, OR BURYING GROUNDS. 

Regard of our Forefathers for the Church. — First Meeting-house. — First 
Sexton. — Seating the Meeting-house. —Tything-men. — Sabbath Break- 
ers. — Heretics. — Rhymed Address to the Church of Andover. — Organ- 
ization of the Church.— First Minister, Rev. John Woodbridge. — Bi- 
ography by Cotton Mather. — Rev. P>ancis Dane. — Creed. — Contro- 
versy with the Parish. — Colleague, Mr. Thomas Barnard. — Remainder 
of Mr. Dane's Ministry. — His Death. — Descendants. — Lines from his 
Note Book. — Students of Divinity : John Woodbridge, Simon Bradstreet, 
Joseph Stevens, Benjamin Stevens, Dudley Bradstreet, John Barnard. — 
Pastorate of Mr. Thomas Barnard. — Controversy about the Meeting- 
house. — Destruction of the Parsonage House by Fire, and Mr. Barnard's 
Removal to the Bradstreet House. — Division of Andover into Two Pre- 
cincts. — Parishes. — Building of South Meeting-house. — Mr. Barnard 
requested to choose between the Parishes. — Letter of Mr. Barnard to 
the Governor. — Final Settlement of Parish Lines. — New North Meeting- 
house. — Mr. Barnard's Salary. — Mr. Barnard's Relations with the Minis- 
ter of the South Parish. — His Death. — Burial Place. — Gravestone. — 
Descendants. — Rev. John Barnard. — Ordination. — Mr. Barnard's Ac- 
tion in Regard to the Evangelist Whitefield. — New Meetinghouse, 1753. 
— Communion Silver. — Bell. — Discipline. — Parishioners set off to Box- 
ford Parish. — Death of Mr. Barnard.— His Marriages and Children. — 
Character as described by Mr. Phillips. — Published Writings. — Stu- 
dents of Divinity. — First Minister of the South Church, Rev. Samuel 
Phillips. — First Meeting-house. — Second Meeting-house. — Descrip- 
tion by Josiah Quincy. — Mr. Phillips's Life and Ministry. — Preach- 
ing. — Family. — His Death. — Descendants. — P'ifth Minister of the 
North Church, Rev. William Symmes, D. D. — Pastorate. — Anecdote 
of a Wedding Fee. — Seats in the Meeting-house for Wives of Negroes 
and Mulaltoes. — Women's Hats. — Church Music. — Old Meeting- 
house. — Second Minister of South Parish, Mr. Jonathan French. — Birth 
and Education. — Patriotism. — Divinity School in his House. — Domes- 
tic Life. — " Special Providence " of Marriage. — Anecdote of Salary. — 
Meeting-house, 17S8. — Noon-house. — Reading. — Prominent Supporters 
of the Church : Judge Phillips, Samuel Abbot, Esq., Samuel Farrar, Esq. 

— Students of Divinity who were Eminent Ministers : Stephen Peabody, 
David Osgood, John Abbot, Jonathan French, Abiel Abbot, of Beverly, 
Abiel Abbot, of Coventry, Thomas Merrill, John Lovejoy Abbot. — 
Contemporary Ministers, 1810-1850. — Three Parishes: North, South, 
West. — Church of Theological Seminary. — Organization of the West 
Church. — Importance of Churches diminished with Increase of Number. 

— Transition Period. — Sixth Minister of the North Parish, Rev. Bailey 



Xll CONTENTS. 

Loring. — Previous Action of the Parish. — Call of Mr. Loring. — Settle- 
ment and Ministry. — Theological Creed. — Withdrawal of Members to 
form Evangelical Church of Nortli Andover. — New Meeting-house of 
First Church. — The Old Clock. — First Church identified with the Uni- 
tarian Congregationalists. — Mr. Loring's Preaching. — Resignation. — 
Death. — Resolutions of Parish. — Published Writings. — Later Minis- 
ters of the First Church : Rev. Francis C. Williams, Rev. Charles C. Vi- 
nal. — Gift of Parsonage-house by Bequest of William Johnson, Esq. — 
Rev. John H. Clifford. — Deacons of the First Church. — Absence of 
Memorials of Earlier Members. — Recent Memorials. — Third Minister 
of the South Parish, Rev. Justin Edwards, D. D., his Life and Work. — 
West Church and Parish. — First Minister, Rev. Samuel C. Jackson, 
D. D. — Second Minister, Rev. Charles H. Peirce. — Third Minister, 
Rev. James H. Merrill. — Later Pastors of the South Church: Rev. Mil- 
ton Badger, D. D. — Rev. Lorenzo L. Langstroth. -r Rev. John L. Tay- 
lor, D. D. — Rev. Charles Smith. — Rev. George Mooar, D. D. — Rev. 
Charles Smith, Second Pastorate. — Rev. James H. Laird. — Deacons o 
the South Church. — Formation of Societies. — Methodist Episcopal 
Church (Andover). — Baptist Church. — Evangelical Church of North 
Andover. — Protestant Episcopal Church (Andover) ; Rectors and Promi- 
nent Supporters. — Universalist Church. — List of Churches since 1840. — 
Methodist Episcopal Church (North Andover). — Free Christian Church 
(Andover). — Ballardvale Churches: Protestant Episcopal, Methodist 
Episcopal, Union Congregational. — Roman Catholic Church (Andover), 
Roman Catholic Church (North Andover). — Students of Theology of the 
Present Century. — Chronological List of Divinity Students. — Tabular 
Statement of Pastors and Churches. — Burying-grounds and Cemeter- 
ies : First (North Parish) Burying-ground. — Second Burying-ground of 
North Andover. — Ridgewood Cemetery. — South Parish " Burying- 
yard." — West Parish Burying-ground. — Chapel Cemetery (Theological 
Seminary). — Christ Church-yard. — Roman Catholic Cemetery. — 
Spring Grove Cemetery. — Selection from Scripture respecting Burial 
Places 410-516 

CHAPTER VII. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC I,IBR.\RIES. 

The First Settlers' Esteem of Learning. — First Action of the Town for a 
Grammar School. — First Masters : Mr. Dudley Bradstreet. — Mr. Rust. 

— Mr. John Barnard. — Temporary Masters. — Difficulty of keeping up 
the School. — Various Masters. — Second School-house. — School for 
both Parishes. — Masters : Mr. James Bailey. — Mr. Philemon Robbins. 

— Latin Scholars from out of Town. — List of Masters. — College Grad- 
uates. — District Schools. — Relics of Early Teachers. — School Fund. 

— Miscellaneous Schools. — High Schools. — Punchard Free School. — 
Benjamin H. Punchard. — Bequest. — School Buildings. — First Princi- 
pal, Peter Smith. Byers. — Other Principals. — Johnson High School. — 
Founders. — Principals. — Public Libraries. — Social Library in 1770. — 
Memorial Hall. — North Andover Library 5^7-532 



CONTENTS. xiii 



CHAPTER VI I r. 

ACADEMIES. 

Piiillips Academy. — Projector and Founders. — Constitution. — Trustees. — 
Academy Buildings. — Donations and Foundations. — Oj^ening of the 
School. — Some Students of Note. — Reminiscences by Josiah Quincy. 

— Princij^als : Eliphalet Pearson. — Ebenezer Pemberton. — Mark New- 
man. — John Adams. — Osgood Johnson. — Samuel II. Taylor. — Fred- 
eric W.Tilton. — Cecil F. P. Bancroft. — Other Well-known Instructors. 

— Master Foster's Boarding School. — Franklin Academy. — Founding. — 
Building. — Records — Early Preceptors : Mr. Nathaniel Peabody. — 
Samuel L. Knapp. — Good Times at School. — Mr. Burnside and other 
Early Prece])tors. — Mr. Simeon Putnam. — Tribute of Professor Felton 
to Mr. Putnam's Teaching. — Later Preceptors. — Female Department. 

— Education of Girls. — Letters of Young Ladies. — First Preceptress of 
Franklin Academy, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody. — Other Preceptresses. — 
Abbot Academy. — Foundation. — Donations. — Course of Study. — Semi- 
centennial Celebration, 1879. — Principals. — Trustees . . . 533-557 

CHAPTER IX. 

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 

Plan for a School of Theology. — Founders: Madam Phebe Phillips. — 
Hon. John Phillips. — Samuel Abbot, Esq. — Plan at iSewbury for a 
Seminary. — Compromise effected by Dr. Pearson. — Associate Found- 
ers : Hon. William Bartlet. — Moses Brown, Esq, — Hon. John Norris. 

— Founders of Brechin Hall : Mr. John Smith, Dea. Peter Smith, Mr. 
John Dove. — Founders of the Professorships: Abbot, Bartlet, Brown, 
Hitchcock, Jones, Stone. — Sketches of the Early Professors : Dr. 
Pearson, Dr. Leonard Woods, Dr. Griffin, Dr. Porter, Dr. Murdock, 
Professor Stuart. — List of Names of the Professors in the Order of their 
Election. — Faculty as now Constituted. — Trustees Residents of Ando- 
ver. — Mr. John Aiken. — Mr. Peter Smith. — The Library. — The Print- 
ing Press. — Summary of Biographical Memoranda of Professors who 
were long in Oiilice or who Died in Office 55^~573 

CHAPTER X. 

MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 

The Mill the earliest Industrial Enterprise. — Ancient Mills — Saw-mills 
and Grist-mills. — Joseph Parker's " Corne Mill " on the Cochichawick. 

— Stephen Johnson's Saw-mill. — Saw-mill near the Lower Ford of the 
Cochichawick. — Saw-mill on Musketo Brook, 1685. — Saw-mill on Ladle 
Meadow Brook. — Henry Gray's Mill for Grinding Scythes on " Scoonk 
River," 1715. — Saw-mill on Shawshin River, near Preston's Plain, 1753. 

— James Kittredge's Grist-mill on the Shawshin, 1752. — Spinning and 
Weaving. — Amy Holt, Spinster. — Fulling-mills, 1673-1689. — Edward 
Whittmgton and Walter Wright, Weavers, encouraged to erect a 
Fulling-mill. — Grants for a Saw-mill, Fulling-mill, and Grist-mill on 



xiv CONTEA'TS. 

Shavvshin River, near Roger's Brook, 1682. — Joseph and John Ballard's 
Mill on Shawshin River, 16S9. — Samuel Frye's Saw-mill and Grist mill 
on Shawshin River, 1718. — Iron Works, 1689. — Thomas Chandler's 
and Henry Lovejoy's Iron Works. — Powder-mill, 1776. — I'aper-mill. 
1789. — Business Embarrassments of the Paper-maker, Thomas Houghton. 

— Account of the Paper Manufacture from Contemporary Records. — 
Inventory of the Paper-mill. — Scarcity of Paper Rags and Means for Sav- 
ing Them. — Difficu ties in Starting the Manufacture at Andover. — 
Later History of the Paper-mill. — Woollen Manufacturts. — Scholfield's 
Improved Carding Machines. — Scholfield's Fulling-mill at North An- 
dover — Stephen Poor's Clothing-mill. — Abel and Paschal Abbot's Mill 
at North Andover. — Samuel Ayer's Mill. — William Sutton and Eben 
Sutton's Mills at North Andover. — "North Andover Mill." — George 
Hodges & Sons, Manufacturers. — Gen. Eben Sutton, Proprietor of the 
Sutton and North Andover Mills. — Capt. Nathaniel Stevens, the First 
Woollen Manufacturer, Native of North Andover. — Stevens Mills. — 
Hon. Moses T. Stevens, Proprietor of the Stevens and the Marland Mills. 

— Abraham Marland, the Pioneer Woollen Manufacturer. — Marland 
Mills. — Marland Manufacturing Company. — Abraham Marland, First 
President, Nathan Frye, Second President. — Treasurers. — Purchase of 
the Marland Mills by Mr. Moses T. Stevens. — Ballardvale Manufactur- 
ing Company. — Experiments in Manufacturing Silk. — Mr. John Mar- 
land's Enterprises. — Mr. J. S. Young. — Mr. J. P. Bradlee. — Abbot 
Brothers' Mill. — Daniel Saunders. — Howarth & Chase. — Flax-mills. — 
Mr. John Smith. — His Emigration to America. — Manufacture of Cot- 
ton Machinery. — Mr. John Dove. — Employment in the Machine Shop. 

— Plan for Manufacturing Fla.\-. — Visit to England for Drawings of Flax 
Machinery. — Success of the Enterprise and Formation of the Copart- 
nership, Smith, Dove & Company. — Value to Andover of this Business. 

— Present Members of the Smith and Dove ^Manufacturing Com])any. — 
Iron Works : Thomas Chandler's, 167S. — James Frye's, 1770. — Found- 
ries : Davis & Furber's Foundry. — Mr. Edmund Davis. — E. Davis & 
Son. — Davis & Furber's Manufacture of Machinery. — Origin. — Ma- 
chine-shop in Marland Mill. — Sawyer and Phelps. — Machine-shop in the 
Paper-mill. — Barnes, Gilbert, and Richardson. — Removal of Machine 
Manufacture to North Andover. — Manufactory Built. — Copartnership 
of George L. Davis, George H. Gilbert, and Benjam n W. Gleason. — 
Changes in the Firm. — Mr. Charles Furber a Partner. — Present Firm. 

— Davis, Wiley & .Stone. — Ballardvale. — Manufacture of Machinery. — 
Whipple File Company. — Rubber Factory and Ink Factory. — The Man- 
ufactures the Chief Element in the Town's Prosperity. — The City of Law- 
rence. — Mr. Daniel Saunders. — His early Manufacturing and his Con- 
nection with the Building of Lawrence. — The Order of Topics in these 
Sketches in accordance with the Growth of the Town. — Subjects remain- 
ing to cover the Full History of the Town. — The Long and Honorable 
Record of Old Andover. — The Present Towns of North Andover and 
Andover 574-605 



APPENDIX. 
Additions and Corrections . 6o6-6r 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



-»- 



T. Portrait of Mr. Stmon Bradstreet .... Frontispiece. 

^ II. Geological Plates To face page xvii 

•^ III. Facsimile of Deed of Richard Sutton 14 

IV. Early Home of Maj.-gen. Isaac I. Spevens, the Ancient 

Mansion House of Mr. Moody Hridges .... 26 

Stevens Hall and Johnson High School .... 26 
V. Early Home of Rev. David Osgood, D. D., where James 

Otis was killed by Lightning 86 

Ancient Homestead of the Abbots, — Divines and Schol- 
ars S6 

VI. The Bradstreet House 132 

Chaplain Frye's Elm and the Home of Col. James Frye 132 

VII. The Home of Dr. Thomas Kittredge 157 

The Phillips Manse at North Andover . . . . 157 

VIII. The Home of Col. Samuel Johnson 293 

The Home of Maj. Samuel Osgood 293 

IX. Mansion House of Judge Phillips 401 

Abbot's Tavern, where General Washington breakfasted 401 

X. Old South Parsonage 443 

Abbot Academy 443 

XI. Memorial Hall 52S 

Punchard Free School 52S 

XII. Phillips Academy, THE " Classic Hall" .... 535 

Phillips Academy, the Present Building .... 535 

XIII. The Phillips Family, Founders of Institutions . . 558 

XIV. The Theological Seminary 568 

Brechin Hall 568 




.. if-/.., Sff ■-.„.. ■^'- 



INTRODUCTION. 



PREHISTORIC ANDOVER. 

For the sake of chronological consistency, as well as for 
the intrinsic interest of the subject, this volume should begin 
with some account of prehistoric Andover. The accompany- 
ing plates,^ prepared to illustrate a single geological feature, 
reveal at the same time both the topographical peculiarities 
of the town and its relation to surrounding political divis- 
ions. The territorial centre of " Old Andover," before the 
division of the town,^ lies twenty-one miles north and four 
miles west of the State House, in Boston, in latitude 42° 40', 
north, and longitude 5° 54' east of Washington. The Merri- 
mack River bounds it upon the north, while the Shawshin 
River, rising in Lincoln and Lexington, passes diagonally 
through the town from southwest to northeast. The south- 
east portion of the town is drained by tributaries to the 
Ipswich River. Hagget's Pond and Cochichawick, or Great 
Pond at North Andover, form distinct drainage basins, and 
empty into the Merrimack by separate outlets. 

The " tablets of stone," containing the geological history 

1 These were drawn by Mr. G. W. W. Dove. 

2 Andover, before its division, contained about one sixth of the territory of 
Essex County. Its boundaries, before a portion was set off to Lawrence in 
1847, were, the Merrimack River on the northwest (separating from Dracut and 
Methuen), Bradford and Boxford on the northeast, Middleton on the southeast, 
Reading and Wilmington on the south, and Tewksbury on the southwest. In 
1709 the town was divided into two parishes. North and South, from the latter 
of which the West Parish was set off, and incorporated in March, 1S27. In 
1855 the town was divided nearly by the paris'u lines, the north division being 
incorporated as the town of North Andover. The name of Andover was re- 
linquished to the south division, with whose institutions of learning it had be- 
come almost essentially identified. This transfer of the name makes it difficult 
to separate the history of the two towns, as the present North Andover was, 
for more than two hundred years, Andover. 

b 



xviii PREHISTORIC ANDOVER. 

of Andover, are so mutilated that we can read only the first 
chapter of the record and the last. The rocks are devoid of 
fossils, and belong to the Laurentian formation. This part 
of the story may well be styled sketches of " Old Andover," 
for the rocks are, according to Prof. C H. Hitchcock, among 
the very oldest to be found in the world, antedating by a vast 
period the strata of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. 
The prevailing coarse gneiss rock, appearing near the depot 
in Andover, contains a large amount of iron, and upon expo- 
sure to the air rapidly disintegrates and becomes unsightly. 
Through the centre of the town, cropping out at Rattlesnake 
Ledge near Foster's Pond, at Sunset Rock, and upon the 
grounds of the Theological Seminary, there is an intercala- 
tion of granite about a half mile wide, remarkable for the 
size of its crystals of feldspar and for its freedom from iron. 
This terminates on the north at Carmel Hill, its eastern boun- 
dary being near Prospect Hill. To the southeast of this point 
there are extensive beds of an impure soapstone — a magne- 
sian rock allied to the dark hornblendic rocks, which occur 
both in that vicinity and in several other portions of the town. 
The extreme southeastern portion of the town is crossed by 
the same uplift of ancient dioritic rocks (parallel to the gen- 
eral direction of the Appalachian chain), which contains the 
Newburyport silver mines. A belt of mica slate crosses the 
northeastern corner of the town. 

But during the long period in which the Devonian and 
Carboniferous and Tertiary rocks of the central and western 
portions of our continent were being deposited, Andover 
was surmounted by an elevated plateau of land, which by 
its denudation was furnishing the gravel- and sand and clay, 
out of which these later sedimentary deposits have been 
formed. The rocks which we here see exposed are but the 
stubs of mountains, which, during countless ages of exposure 
to denuding agencies, have been worn down to their present 
level. 

While the geological record of Andover, during the earliest 
periods, is largely an untranslatable hieroglyphic, and the 
middle portion is absent, we are compensated by the abun- 
dance and intelligibility of the later record. The marks of 



PREHISTORIC ANDOVER. xix 

the glacial epoch in Andover are open to inspection before 
every man's door. Glacial striae can be seen, among other 
places, UDon the rocks beside the road, a half mile out from 
Andover towards North Andover ; on those back of the 
Pimchard School-house ; on the exposed quartz crystals of 
Sunset Rock, and in the vicinity of the school-house in Scot- 
land district. Excellent exposures of glaciated rocks appear 
on the old turnpike from Lawrence to Salem, just beyond 
the North Andover line in Middleton, also on the Salem road 
from Andover. Scratched stones also abound everywhere in 
the " hard pan " at various depths. 

Prospect Hill, rising four hundred and twenty-three feet 
above the sea, is one of the highest points of land in the 
county, and belongs to a very remarkable class of elevations, 
connected with the glacial period. Wood Hill, Pole Hill, 
Claypit Hill, Boston Hill, Woodchuck Hill, and the whole 
series of hills extending through to Great Pond, and sur- 
rounding it, are not, as might be expected, rocky elevations, 
but are vast heaps of unstratified compact clay containing 
scratched pebbles and gravel, and littered over with angular 
boulders.! The distribution of this class of hills over so much 
territory, as is represented in the plates, is shown on No. HI. 
These elevations have been named by Prof. C. H. Hitchcock 
" lenticular hills," from their peculiar lens-shaped outline, as 
seen upon the distant horizon. This series of hills continues 
to the northeast as far as Portsmouth, N. H., and in an irreg- 
ular course may be traced westward to the Connecticut River. 
A remarkable cluster of them appears also in the vicinity of 
Boston, upon one of which the State House stands. The 
hills in Charlestown and Chelsea, and in Boston harbor, are 
also conspicuous examples. So also is Asylum Hill in Dan- 
vers, and numerous others, extending to Ipswich Neck. A 
belt of land, four or five miles wide, from which they are 
absent, separates this series of lenticular hills from that pass- 
ing through Andover. 

' These boulders and pebbles have all been transported from the north. A 
well known belt of porphyritic gneiss cropping out in the neighborhood of 
Weirs, N. II., about eighty miles to the northwest, has furnished Andover with 
numerous unmistakable specimens. The pebbles of mica slate are perhaps from 
localities nearer by. 



XX PREHISTORIC AND OVER. 

The best explanation which can be given of these unique 
and to the geologist perplexing hills, is that they are the rem- 
nants of an old terminal moraine, roughly marking what was 
for a long period of time the southern border of an earlier 
glacier in New England. Subsequently, upon the extension 
of this ice border to the south shore, this earlier moraine was 
first covered up beneath the ice sheet, and then by the move- 
ment of the ice over it was partially broken up and sculp- 
tured into its present forms. The ^tv^tvv?/ trend of this series 
of hills is northeast and southwest, but the longer axis of 
the individual hills is usually from northwest to southeast, 
which is the direction of the ice movement, as shown by the 
scratches upon the rocks. The extreme terminal moraine of 
the continental ice-sheet, composed of similar material to 
these hills, but continuous, forms the backbone of Cape Cod, 
of the Elizabeth Islands, of Long Island, and Staten Island, 
appearing at Perth Amboy> in New Jersey, and crossing that 
State to Belvidere, in Pennsylvania. 

A later glacial deposit (now known in scientific circles as 
Kanics) is represented in Andover by such formations as 
" Indian Ridge," ^ a portion of which is shown in detail upon 
Plate I. Kame is a Scotch word, meaning sharp ridge. The 
extension of the system through the town is seen in Plate II., 
and of this and another series, through the county, in Plate 
III. 

By reference to Plate I. the characteristics of this for- 
mation may easily be apprehended. At Smith & Dove's 
Flax Mill, near Andover Depot, a dam raises the Shawshin 
River fourteen feet. Measuring ^ from the river bed below 
the dam, the ascent to the peat bog, o, at the base of the east 
ridge is, in round numbers, forty-one feet. Taking this bog 
as a level, the height of the successive ridges. East Ridge, 
Indian, and West, at the points a, b, and c, is forty-one feet, 
forty-nine feet, and ninety-one feet, making West Ridge one 
hundred and thirty^two feet above the river, and one hundred 
and eighty-two feet above the sea. Until long after the set- 

1 " The Great Ridg " is the term used in deeds one hundred and fifty years 
ago. 

2 The measurements were made under superintendence of the writer by the 
class of 1875, Phillips Academy. 



PREHISTORIC ANDOVER. XXl 

tlement of the town the enclosure between b and c was a 
shallow lake or bog. During the past century this has been 
drained partly by a channel of its own formation, and i)artly 
by artificial means. The peat or muck in this old lake basin 
is from twenty to thirty feet deep. A trigonometrical sec- 
tion of the West Ridge, at the point c, shows the height of 
the summit above the surface of the swamp to be sixty-one 
feet, with a breadth at its base of two hundred and fifty feet ; 
that is, the slope upon each side is at the rate of one foot 
vertically, to two feet horizontally. 

These ridges are composed of clay, sand, gravel, and peb- 
bles of all sizes, up to those which are four or fiive feet in di- 
ameter. In most places there are some signs of irregular 
stratification. But frequently for a depth of twenty feet or 
more, signs of stratification are entirely absent. The stones 
in this formation are never scratched as in the hard-pan ; but 
they are all more or less subangular, showing abrasion of 
some kind. These too are largely from the north. 

In the " Transactions of the Association of American Geol- 
ogists and Naturalists," for 1841 and 1842, Pres. Edward 
Hitchcock, of Amherst College, gave a detailed account of 
Indian Ridge, so far as then observed. ^ He there character- 
izes it as "decidedly the most interesting and instructive case 
[of the kind] which he had met with." A map of a mile and 
a half of it, then supposed to be its limit, was given by Presi- 
dent Hitchcock in the same paper, prepared by Prof. Alonzo 
Gray, of Phillips Academy. This map, on a reduced scale, 
reappears in " Hitchcock's Elementary Geology,"^ and covers 
nearly the ground of our first plate. Some other ridges of a 
similar nature were noticed by him, and the suggestion was 
made that further researches might show a system where 
now only a confused group was observed. 

We could not improve upon the description of the main 
features of this formation given by Dr. Hit^chcock in 1842. 

" Our moraines form ridges and hills of almost every pos- 
sible shape. It is not common to find straight ridges for a 
considerable distance. But the most common and most re- 
markable aspect assumed by these elevations is that of a col- 

1 See page 19S. 

^ See page 260 (30th edition). 



xxu PREHISTORIC AND OVER. 

lection of tortuous ridges, and rounded, and even conical, 
hills with corresponding depressions between them. These 
depressions are not valleys, which might have been produced 
by running water, but mere hoes, not unfrequently occupied 
by a pond." ^ 

In 1874, the writer ascertained that this belt of ridges ex- 
tended through the whole length of the town of Andover, as 
shown in Plate II., striking" the Merrimack at the upper end of 
Lawrence, passing a little west of Frye village, crossing the 
Shawshin at Ballardvale, and forming the shores of Foster's 
Pond. Subsequently, in 1875, the details, as then ascertained, 
were published in a Bulletin of the Essex County Institute, 
at Salem, showing the extension of the system south as far 
as Wakefield, and north, to the New Hampshire line. The 
direction of the belt of ridges is northwest by southeast, con- 
forming nearly to that of the glacial striae. Karnes frequently 
pass over the lenticular hills where their height is less than 
two himdred feet, and descend into shallow depressions, cross- 
ing river valleys without ceremony. Still later investigations 
brought to light a parallel belt of gravel ridges, reaching the 
sea at Beverly, and continuing north through Topsfield, Box- 
ford, and Haverhill far into New Hampshire. These two 
series of kames are shown in Plate HI. 

When once the clew was discovered, numerous parallel sys- 
tems of kames were found, stretching back in many instances 
from near th sea to the base of the mountains. In passing 
from Andover to New Brunswick by inland routes the trav- 
eller crosses more than thirty kames, each of which is as im- 
posing as the series with which we are familiar in Andover, 
and some of which are continuous for one hundred and twenty 
miles ; making the map of the kames and moraines of New 
England look like a gridiron. ^ Besides those marked upon 
our map, six or seven other kames cross the Merrimack 
Valley between Newburyport and the angle of the river, in 
Tyngsborough. These are all, however, less clearly defined 
and more subject to interruptions than the Andover or Haver- 

1 Transactions of Avierican Association of Geologists and Naturalists, for 1841 
and 1842, p. 191. 

2 Prof. Geo. H. Stone, of Kent's Hill, Maine, is the authority upon this sub- 
ject in that State. 



PREHISTORIC ANDOVER. xxiii 

hill series. A kame system comes down from Hudson, N. 
H., through Tyng's Pond in Tyngsboroiigh, Mass., and passes 
through Chelmsford. Another crosses about three miles above 
Lowell. Another just above the Pawtucket Bridge in Lowell, 
and on the other side of the river appears at the Poor Farm. 
Three miles below Lowell is still another very clear instance 
of a kame's crossing the river valley, where it is for some dis- 
tance covered with alluvium. This kame appears south, in 
Tewksbury, towards Long Pond. Another is seen west of 
Hagget's Pond, appearing also one half mile east of the State 
Almshouse and again in North Woburn. The kames east 
of Hagget's Pond and those which match them north of the 
river, appear to be merged farther south in the main Andover 
series. A mile below Lawrence again, upon the north side 
of the river, is a. small kame in line with the gravel deposits 
running through North Andover, and appearing as a kame 
near Marble Ridge Station, and farther south in Middleton. 
A well-marked kame, also, comes down from Amesbury to 
West Newbury. 

The manner in which kames (called in Sweden Asar) 
were formed, has long been a source of contention among 
geologists. It is possible that the early settlers supposed 
kames to be, like many mounds at the west, the work of In- 
dians, and hence their name, " Indian ridge," not only in An- 
dover, but in other places. More probably the name arose 
from Indians' choosing the kames for camping grounds, or 
burial places, as the whites now frequently do. No one 
who has studied them carefully, and is aware of ti.eir extent, 
could suppose the kames to be artificial. The most probable 
theory of the origin of these remarkable ridges is that they 
are somewhat of the character of medial vwr-amcs, and mark 
the courses of the surface flow of water during the last stages 
of the melting ice sheet. The ice had doubtless been thou- 
sands of feet in depth, and when the material forming the 
kames was deposited, still filled most of the depressions, and 
lingered in such transverse valleys as that which the Merri- 
mack follows in the lower part of its course. Superficial 
streams, swollen by the action of the' summer sun, would at 
that period flow with great violence during the hot season, 
and their course would be marked by vast accumulations of 



xxiv PREHISTORIC ANDOVER. 

coarse gravel, which would in some places be lodged in ice 
channels, in others spread out over masses of ice. Finally, 
as the last masses and the lowest stratum of ice melted, the 
gravels thereon would settle down from the ice (as dirt does 
from snow-drifts in the spring) into the irregular forms in 
which we find these ridges. 

Hagget's Pond doubtless marks a depression where the ice 
lingered while a kame-stream deposited in a temporary lake 
the sand plains to the south towards Tewksbury. Pomp's 
Pond was preserved from filling up by a similar mass of ice. 
The " kettle holes " near Pomp's Pond, and in the plain at 
Ballardvale, mark places where smaller masses of ice were 
covered up by the sand and gravel. When the ice melted, a 
hole would be formed without any outlet. The basin of 
Great Pond in North Andover was formed in a different man- 
ner. In this case the lake is hemmed in by lenticular hills, 
one of which partially dams its natural outlet. Lenticular 
hills have also in many places below North Andover deter- 
mined the course of the Merrimack River. 

Thus it appears that the citizen of Andover does not need 
to go to Switzerland, nor to Greenland, to study glacial phe- 
nomena. But he may enjoy that privilege to his heart's con- 
tent among his own hills and gravel deposits. A most in- 
structive portion of the skeleton of a continental ice sheet is 
spread out before his own doors. It is in gravels contempo- 
rary, in the period of their deposition, with the formation of 
Indian Ridge, that the palaeolithic implements of northwest- 
ern Europe and eastern North America, especially in Tren- 
ton, N. J., are found. It is not improbable that the peat bogs, 
and "kettle holes," and ponds of Andover may furnish mate- 
rial aid in determining the antiquity of the glacial age, and 
so, of man, in America.^ G. F. W. 

1 For fuller accounts of this class of formations, see Proceedings of the Boston 
Society of Natural History, vol. xix., pp. 47-63. also, vol. xx., pp. 210-220. The 
third volume of the Geological Report of New Hampshire, 1S78, by Professor 
Hitchcock ; and on this subject Mr. Warren Upham. The Geological Report 
of Wisconsin, by Professors Chamberiin and Irving, vol. ii., pp. 199-218, also 
608-635. Report on New Jersey, by Geo. H. Cook, for 1S77, pp. 9-22, and 
Smithsonian Contributions to Knoivledge, by Col. C. Whittlesy, 1866. Also 
Geikie's Great Ice Age, 2d ed., pp. 239, 240, 242, 247, 469, and 478. And gen- 
erally under titles of Kames and Eskers. 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



CHAPTER I. 

MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 

Whoever tries to restore a picture of the life of past cen- 
turies in any locality, cannot fail to be impressed with the 
scantiness of ancient relics, — the meagreness of the actual 
material at command, in comparison with what has perished. 
Only here and there has a fragment been saved from the gen- 
eral destruction, and these relics are not for the most part the 
monuments that men have reared for the continuance of their 
name, but rather mere chance waifs preserved without thought 
or purpose. Especially is astonishment awakened at the won- 
derful duration of the seemingly most fragile and perishable 
of materials, while works designed to be strong and enduring 
have disappeared from off the face of the earth. Inscriptions 
graven in stone are obliterated ; the stone itself crumbles to 
dust ; buildings, raised in the pride of their owners and cher- 
ished with the affection of those owners' posterity, drop to 
ruin, while a scrap of paper, which the zephyr might blow 
away, or water soak to pulp, or a candle's flame consume, en- 
dures, and that not in careful keeping, but tossed hither and 
thither as waste or worthless, till, at last, somebody recogniz- 
ing the jewel, it is picked out of the rubbish and thenceforth 
kept locked up and guarded in archive of brick and iron, des- 
tined again, perhaps, to outlast these strongholds of its secur- 
ity. Thus it is that in groping back for something tangible 
of the olden times, relics of ancient Andover, we find scarcely 
a trace or thread of continuity, by which hand can clasp hand 
with the men and women of the former generations, whose 



2 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

names are in our town and parish records and books of gen- 
ealogy, perpetuated in their posterity and familiar to us as 
household words, and yet who themselves are almost as shad- 
owy and unreal to us their descendants as though they had 
never walked the roads we walk, planted the trees we sit un- 
der, founded with toil and pain, and blood even, the institu- 
tions whose beneficence we enjoy. Hardly a relic now re- 
mains in the town — except on paper — of the first twenty- 
five years' labors of those hard-working pioneer settlers who 
cleared the forest, broke the ground, made their homes, reared 
their families, and found their graves during the first half cen- 
tury of Andover's incorporated existence. It seems fitting 
now, however, when the sentiment of the day tends to remin- 
iscence, that the heirs of so rich a legacy of local history and 
tradition should make some effort to revive the ancestral 
associations, and quicken that feeling of obligation to former 
generations out of which grow all noble endeavors for the 
present generation and all generous solicitude for genera- 
tions to come. The first glimpse through the vista of the 
centuries, which brings to view persons and places actually 
and directly influential and instrumental, in the founding of 
Andover, takes us back to the year 1639 and the ancient 
town of Agawam, or Ipswich. All along from the year 1604, 
and the exploring expedition of Sieur de Monts and Cham- 
plain (when a map of the Merrimack River was traced for 
them on a piece of bark by an Indian sachem), down to the 
date of the settlement of the town, the neighborhood of An- 
dover receives frequent mention, either as the Valley of Mer- 
rimack ^ and Shawshin,"'^ or as the territory near Cochicha- 
wick^ River or the great pond of Cochichawicke. Several 
times action had been taken by the General Court relative to 

1 Merrimack is an Indian name, said to mean "the place of swift water." 
- Shawshiit (tlie spelling most common in the old records, although Shawshine, 
Shashin, Shashine, Shashene, Shawshene, and later, Shawsheen, are found) is 
said to mean " Great Spring." 

8 CochicJunvicke (the most common and seemingly authorized ancient spelling) 
means the place of the Great Cascade. (See N. H. Hist. Coll., vol. viii., p. 
451.) Mr. Nathaniel Ward spelled the name Qui-chech'-acke and Qui-chich'- 
wick. Also Queacheck, Quyacheck, and various other spellings are found, but, 
in all, the guttural chick are found, evidently sounded as in whit//. The Colonial 
officials adopt the spelling Cochichawicke, or without the final e. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 3 

"vieweing" it, with reference to a settlement ; and commit- 
tees had been appointed to hcense "any that may think 
meet to inhabit there," but at the close of the year 1639, 
when Salem, Lynn, Wenham, Newbury, Ipswich, Rowley, 
were thriving villages, or considerable towns, the forests of 
Andover remained uncleared by the white man's axe ; only 
the Indian in rude agriculture tilled its fields, or hunted and 
fished along its streams. There seemed a probability, how- 
ever, that it would eventually be occupied by " certain resi- 
dents of Newton," who had petitioned the General Court and 
received favorable answer therefrom, but on the twenty-sec- 
ond of December, 1639, which begins this narrative of the 
town's history, a letter was written which decided the dis- 
posal of this valuable tract of territory. The writer was the 
Rev. Nathaniel Ward, ex-minister of Ipswich, and afterward 
author of the sagacious State paper, " The Body of Liber- 
ties," and the witty satire, "The Simple Cobbler of Aga- 
wam." The records of the time present a pleasant picture of 
the cheerful parson and his hospitable fire-side, with its Latin 
motto on the mantel, " sobrie, juste, pie" to which the good 
man characteristically added " laete," his somewhat hetero- 
dox supplement to the approved summary of Puritan virtues. 
The letter before mentioned, he wrote with earnestness, and, 
doubtless, also with despatch, for there was need of expedi- 
tion, lest the action which it was designed to forestall should 
take place in the time that would of necessity iniervene be- 
tween its completion and its arrival at its destination, the 
distant city of Boston. Through the snows of the scarcely 
travelled roads, in woods whose trackless wilds bewildered 
wayfarers to and from settlements scarcely a dozen miles 
apart ; among encampments of savages, of at least suspected 
friendliness, letter-carrying, done as it was by private mes- 
sengers, and those often on foot, was precarious and uncer- 
tain. Therefore we may believe the writer's quill flew fast, 
and was mended without delay, as, in his sharp-pointed chi- 
rography, he jotted down sententiously the bits of advice on 
public affairs, which served as an excuse for a letter at this 
time " To our Honorable Governor at Boston." 

Governor VVinthrop had lived at Ipswich, and was con- 



4 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AN DOVER. 

nected by marriage with Mr. Ward. Moreover, the preacher 
was a prized counsellor to the Governor in State affairs, add- 
ing, to the qualifications for that service which his ministerial 
ordination was believed to confer, that of having been bred 
to the bar in the old country. Too worldly wise, some of the 
good folk of Ipswich parish thought Mr. Ward ; and in truth 
he seems to have had considerable practical sagacity, as the 
sequel of his enterprise in connection with the new planta- 
tion shows ; for these few strokes of his pen secured to him- 
self, his townsmen and friends, a large part of the territory 
embraced in the ancient towns of Haverhill and Andover, 
with the privileges conferred by the Court on pioneer set- 
tlers, namely, " three years immunity from taxes, levies, and 
public charges and services whatsoever except military dis- 
cipline." 

Mr. Ward had a son, Mr. John Ward, who had studied 
divinity, and a son-in-law, Mr. Gyles_Fyrmin, a physician, 
to whom the town of Ipswich did not afford a living practice, 
and who had even thought of giving up medicine for theol- 
ogy, or of combining the two, as it was the custom of the 
time to do, in circumstances of necessity. Mr. Nathaniel 
Ward was therefore desirous to find or to make places where 
the talents of his family might have scope. Accordingly, he 
wrote to Governor Winthrop :^ — 

** One more request, that you would not pass your promise, nor 
give any encouragement concerning any plantation att Quichich- 
acke or Penticutt,^ till myself and some others either speake or write 
to you about it, which shall be done so soone as our counsells and 
contrivalls are ripened. In too much hast, I commit you and your 
affaires to the guidance of God, on whom I rest, etc." 

Four days after Mr. Ward's letter, Dr. Fyrmin himself sent 
one^ seconding his father-in-law's request, and explaining 
fully his motives as already stated. " Considering that the 
gain of physicke will not find me with bread," he says, in 
giving his reasons for studying divinity ; and, speaking of 
change of residence, he adds that he " thinks well of Pentuck- 

1 Mass. Hist. Soc Coll., Fourth Series, vol. vii. 

2 The site of Haverhill, on the River Merrimack. 
8 Hutchinson Fapers, p. io8. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 5 

ett " or of " Ouichichwick by Shawshin." Mr. Ward soon 
after wrote again, pressing the matter : — 

"We are led to continue our suite concerning the plantation, I 
have lately mencioned to you ; our company increases apace from 
divers towns of very desirable men, whereof we desire to be very 
choise. This next week if God hinder us not, wee purpose to 
view the places & forthwith to resort to you ; in the mean time we 
crave your secresy & rest. We have already more than 2Q_fam- 
ilies of very good Christians purposed to goe with us." 

These appeals accomplished the end desired. The Colony 
Records, May 13, 1640, have the follovi^ing : — 

" The desires of Mr. Ward and Newbury men is comited to the 
Governor [Thomas Dudley] Deputy Governor and Mr. Winthrop 
senior [not elected Governor 1640] to grant it to them p'vided 
they return answer within three weeks from the 27th p'snt & that 
they build there before the next Courte," 

A year went by, and no village had yet been begun at the 
place granted, and it seemed doubtful whether there ever 
would be by the persons who had petitioned ; for the neigh- 
boring plantation of Rowley had succeeded in getting its ter- 
ritory so enlarged that the men who had thought of settling 
at Cochichawick feared their prospect of a profitable enter- 
prise was spoiled. Mr. John Woodbridge, of Newbury, who 
subsequently was the first minister of Andover, thus details 
his discouragements in a letter to Mr. Winthrop :^ — 

'',To THE RIGHT HONL. JOHN WlNTHROP SEN. ESQ. at his hoUSe 

in Boston, these present : 

" Right worthy sir : — After my service promised &c I am bold 
to write a few lines to you, with desire that you would advise us 
to the best you can and as speedily as your occasions will permit. 
Some of us have desired to plant at Quichichwick & accordingly 
notwithstanding all the oppositions and discouragements that wee 
have had, having viewed the place since y^ court, were intend- 
ed this spring to have built there ; but there are two things that 
yet stand in the way to hinder us, the proceeding of either of 
which may be so great an annoyance that will quite cut off any 
hopes of being to a plantation there. The first is the intended 
taking of a farm by Rowley men which the Court allowed them to 
1 Mass, Hist. Soc. Coll., Fifth Series, vol. i. 



6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

doe in lieu of a farme which Mr. Vane had within their bounds, 
adjoining to their bounds, which though it be not plainly ex- 
pressed, yett we are credibly informed they intend to take neere 
Quichichwick so to take away loo acres of meadow from that 
place which at best will entertain but a small company by reason 
of the little quantity of meadow. The second is, that notwith- 
standing all the agitations of the last court, Mr. Rogers being de- 
manded whether he yett expected any more, answers that the 
contention, the last Court, was only about the neck & whereas he 
afterward expressed to the court that his first grant was eight 
miles into the country, he says, nobody speaking against it, he 
tooke for granted that he should have eight entire miles into the 
country, besides what was given, and they purchased from Ips- 
wich & Newbury. These only are the impediments & reason of 
o'^ not proceeding. Now that wch wee would desire of your wo'p 
by way of advice is an answer to these three questions, i. Whether 
you apprehend that the Court will allow of their so taking the 
farme aforesaid in such a place as will be so much praeiudiciall 
to a Plantation. 2. Whether the court will make good the grant 
of eight miles, to them or compell them to stand to those bounds 
only which were specified the last court. 3. Whether you would 
advise me nevertheless to proceed & trust to the Court more or 
to desist & leave it either all together. I have desired to propose 
these things first to yourselfe rather than the Governor ^ because I 
know that he hath allways heretofore bin opposite to my going 
thither. And the reason why I desire your speedy advice is be- 
cause some of o' company have sold themselves out of house and 
home & so desire to bee settled as soone as may be. Divers 
others would gladly know what to trust to & some with some 
resolution affect Long Island intending speedily to be gone 
thither, if they settle not here, & for my owne part I have strong 
solicitations thither, by some not of the meaner sort & (being re- 
solved that I cannot comfortably carry things along as I am) 
though not there yet elsewhere, I think I must resolve to labour to 
better myselfe. Thus leaving to your serious consideracion what I 
have written desiring your speedy advice, I humbly take my leave 
and rest Your worp's to command 

Jno Woodbridge 
" Newberry this 22th of i mo 1640 " 
[Mar 22 1640-41] 

1 Governor Dudley, Mr. Woodbridge's father-in-law. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 7 

The " Mr. Rogers " referred to was the minister of Rowley, 
who was highly offended, and used some pretty sharp words, 
because the court at first refused to extend Rowley bounds 
for fear of injury to Cochichawick. Ten years afterward 
this neck of land was taken from Rowley and joined to An- 
dover.i The line then drawn is presumed to be the same 
that now divides Bradford and Boxford from Andover. 

It seems probable that soon after the above letter, some- 
time during 1641-1642, a settlement was begun at Andover, 
or steps taken to secure the grant to Newbury and Ipswich 
men. They would be likely to make a speedy decision ; hav- 
ing, as Mr. Woodbridge's letter states, " sold themselves out 
of house and home," where they had been living. From an 
Act of the General Court, June 14, 1642, it would also ap- 
pear that a settlement had been made, although the words 
may possibly refer to a prospective rather than an accom- 
plished " village." Lands were granted along the Shawshin, 
Concord, and Merrimack rivers, to Cambridge men, on con- 
dition that they should build a village ; but, " so as it shall 
not extend to prejudice Charlestown village, or the village of 
Cochitawit!^ 

On the loth of May, 1643, the General Court ordered that 
"the whole plantation within this jurisdiction be divided into 
four shires." Essex was to contain the towns : " Salem, Linn, 
Enon [Wenham], Ipswich, Rowley, Newbury, Glocester, Co- 
chichazoicke!' 

Neither Mr. John Ward nor Mr. Gyles JFyrmin was among 
the first settlers in the new plantations, though Mr. Ward ulti- 
mately went to Pentucket (Haverhill), and was the first min- 
ister of that town. Mr. Nathaniel Ward received a large 
grant of land on the Merrimack River, some six hundred 
acres, which he afterward made over in payment of a debt to 
Harvard College. 

The first business transaction found of any resident of the 
town of Andover (the earliest evidence of any resident's be- 
ing here), is dated August 13, 1643. It is a deed of land and 
stock in Ipswich to Richard Barker, " of Cochichawicke." 

1 Gage's History of Rowley. 



8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" Know all men by these presents,^ that I, William Hughes of 
New Meadowe ^ have devised and granted bargained and sould 
for divers good causes & considerations me thereunto moving but 
more especially for ye sum of thirty-eight pounds in hand p'd, ye 
receipt whereof I acknowledge as alsoe for ye assurance of y* 
som of forty-one pounds more to bee p** to me y* s^ William my 
heires, executors, administrators or assignes at or before y^ four- 
teenth day of October next ensuinge y* date hereof, have devised 
granted assigned set over and sould unto Richard Barker of Co- 
jichichicke 3 yearling heifers, 2 yearling bulles at twelve pounds 
ten shillings, twoe kine at tenne pounds, 4 calves at 3 pounds, one 
house & house-lot of 7 acres broken up and unbroken-up with all 
the corne . . . thereunto belonging, as also twelve loads of hay, 
with all the strawe of y* corne, at the farme of Mr. Paine where 
the said William now lives [the last clause is inserted between the 
original lines] at tenne pounds all whose above sd pticulars it may 
be lawful for the s** Richard his heires or assignes to sell assign or 
dispose of, as his owne by right in witness whereof I have here- 
unto set my hand. William Hughes. 

" Test ss Avery (?) 

John Hughes." 

In 1650, a house and land and three cows, in Andover, are 
mortgaged ^ by Job Tyler to John Godfrey, of Newbury. 

The first sale of lands at Andover, of which a deed has 
been found recorded, was by Mr. Simon Bradstreet to Rich- 
ard Sutton : a house-lot and dwelling-house and some fifty 
acres of meadow^ land. Richard Sutton came from Roxbury 
to Andover ; he remained here only a few years, removing to 
Reading, and afterward to Roxbury again. He was active 
in the military service in the Indian wars, and, for his honor- 
able service and sufferings, was, in advanced age, by order of 
the General Court, exempted from further duty. He left no 
descendants in Andover, but, as late as 1728 [ancient deed], 
a tract of land " in the township of Andover was known as 
Sutton's Plaine, the pine plaine " on y^ borders joyning upon 
Billerica line." 

Richard Sutton's descendants gained honorable distinction 

* Essex County Court Papers, vol. i., p. 15. 

2 Afterward Topsfield. Here Mr. Bradstreet owned 500 acres. 

* Registry 0/ Deeds, "Ipswich," Book I. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 9 

in other towns, and by a curious coincidence, and without 
knowledge of an ancestral title of two hundred years' date, 
the family has now become one of the most influential in 
North Andover. Scarcely a half mile from where the early 
settler bought his " house lot, kort yard, and dwelling-house" 
of Mr. Simon Bradstreet, and where he lived, with his neigh- 
bors " George Abbot «enr. on the north and George Abbot 
jr. on the south," (Mr. Bradstreet's house not far distant,) 
all of them probably in small and primitive houses of logs or 
unhewn timber, now rises, crowning the hill-top, the elegant 
mansion of General Eben Sutton, the owner of the large 
woolen mills 1 in the village which bears his name. 

Following is the deed from Mr. Bradstreet to Richard Sut- 
ton, 1658 :2 — 

" Know all men by these presents, that we Simon Bradstreet of 
Andover and Ann his wife for and in consideration of several 
summes of money and other payments to be made to the said 
Symon & his heires or assignes more particularly mentioned and 
specified in another wrighting bearing date with these presents 
have sould and by these presents do give and grant, bargain, sell, 
assigne and sett over unto Richard Sutton of Roxbury husband- 
man all that our dwelling-house, situate and being in Andover 
aforesaid with the kort-yard and house lott thereunto belonging or 
therewithal! now used conteining by estimation eight acres, be y* 
same more or less, having the house lott ^ of George Abbot sen^ 
on the north and a house lott of George Abbot jr on the south 
and abutting upon the street on the west with forty and eight 
acres of upland belonging to the sayd house lott lying on the fair 
side of Shawshin river, granted by the town of Andover for six 
acres, be the same more or less, together with the hovill, fences, 
proffits, privileges and appurtenances to the said house & premises 
belonging or appertaining (except a small parcell of meaddow con- 
taining by estimation three acres ; be the same more or less, lying 
on the southeast side of Shawshin river aforesaid) together with 
such other divisions or allotments of meddow that belong to the 
sayd house or lott and may be hereafter granted and assigned 

1 See Chapter X. 

2 Essex Registry of Deeds, " Ipswich," Book II., p. 372- 

8 This indicates the truth of what is elsewhere suggested, that the villagers at 
first all lived in the north part of the town, and not till later removed to their 
outlying farm lands. 



lO HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

thereunto by the inhabitants of Andover aforesaid which are 
hereby reserved to the said Symon his heires and assignes. To 
have and to hould the aforesaid house and lott, meadow and upland 
with the profits and priviledges thereunto belonging (excepting be- 
fore excepted) unto the s^ Richard Sutton, his heires and assignes 
forever ; and we the sayd Simon Bradstreet and Ann his wife doe 
hereby covenant & promise to and with the said Richard Sutton 
that it shall and may be lawful for him the sayd Richard his heires, 
executors administrators & assignes from time to time and at all 
times forever, lawfully, quietly and peaceably to have hold, possess 
and injoye the said house and premises with the privileges and 
appurtenances thereunto belonging (except what is excepted) with- 
out any lett, trouble claim or molestation by or from us or either 
of us our heires, executors administrators or assignes orby or from 
any other person or persons whatsoever claiming in through by or 
from us or either of us, them or either of them, their heires or as- 
signes. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and 
scales this tenth of March one thousand six hundred & fifty-eight. 

Simon Bradstreet (& seall). 
Ann Bradstreet. 

" Signed, sealed and delivered in the 

presence of George Abbot 

William Chandler. 

" Mr. Simon Bradstreet did acknowledge this wrighting to be his 
act and deed in Court held at Ipswich the 29th of March 1664." 

The settlements of Andover and Haverhill are thus men- 
tioned in " Good New^s from New England : " — 

" To raising Townes and Churches new in wilderness they wander 
First Plymouth and then Salem next were placed far asunder 
Woburn, Wenham, Redding, built with little Silver Mettle 
Andover, Haverhill, Berris-banks ^ their habitation settle." 

The first formal description of the town of Andover is 
found in " The Wonder Working Providence of Zion's Sav- 
iour in New England," written by Captain Edward Johnson, 
of Woburn, published in London, 1654: — 

" About this time [the date is approximately given 1648] there 
was a Town founded about one or two miles distant from the place 
where the goodly river of Merrimack receives her branches into 
her own body, hard upon the river of Shawshin, which is one of 

1 Portsmouth — Strawberry-banks. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. II 

her chief heads ; the honored Mr, Simon Bradstreet taking up his 
last sitting there hath been a great means to further the work, it 
being a place well fitted for the husbandman's hand, were it not 
that remoteness of the place from towns of trade bringeth forth 
some inconveniences upon the planters who are inforced to carry 
their corn far to market. This town is called Andover, and hath 
good store of land improved for the bigness of it." 

Andover was incorporated May 6, 1646. It was named 
for the town of Andover, in Hants County, England, which 
had been the home of some of its principal settlers. The fol- 
lowing extract from a letter written by a resident of Andover, 
England, to a gentleman of our town a few years ago, gives 
an idea of the mother town as compared with the daugh- 
ter : — 

" I find that Andover, in America, is of more importance than 
the same place in England. We have no institutions that can be 
named that in any way approach those in America, nothing of 
more note than an old endowed Grammar School " 

Speaking of the " South Church Manual," which he had 
received, he says : — 

" I have been much interested in the minute particulars of the 

customs of the Congregational church They differ but 

little from the old Congregational churches in England. .... 
The name of Abbot is not common here, but rare; Holt is often 
heard, but not common ; Osgood is not known in our locality ; 
Faulkner, Barnard, Ballard, Lovejoy but seldom; Stevens, Poor, 
and Chandler, are those oftenest occurring." 

In the earliest book of the town records now existing is 
a list of names, which purports to be '' the names of all the 
freeholders [householders is written above, as if by another 
hand, in explanation] in order as they came to town " : — 

Mr. Bradstreet, John Osgood, Joseph Parker, Rich- 
ard Barker, John Stevens, Nicholas Holt, Benjamin 

WOODBRIDGE, JOHN FrYE, EdMOND FaULKNER, RoBERT 

Barnard, Daniel Poor, Nathan Parker, Henry Jacques, 
John Aslett, Richard Blake, William Ballard, John 
Lovejoy, Thomas Poor, George Abbot, John Russ, An- 
drew Allen, Andrew Foster, Thomas Chandler. 



\ 
\ 



12 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Respecting these, information is scanty. Following are 
some notes and memoranda, — " memorials " of their life and 
times ; such records of their individual history and the fam- 
ily lines of which they were progenitors, as have come to 
notice in tracing the general history, and also such incidental 
items as serve tg illustrate the manners and customs of this 
early period of the town. The arrangement of the facts is, 
for the sake of graphic description and more vivid illustra- 
tion, somewhat informal, and such as grows out of the con- 
nection of thought in the narrative, rather than the more 
methodical and logical arrangement which would be required 
were there fuller material to be disposed of under the several 
heads. The names are taken up in the order of their re- 
spective prominence in the town history. 

Simon Bradstreet. It is doubtful if Mr. Bradstreet re- 
moved his residence to Cochichawick at the very first plant- 
ing, as his name occurs in connection with Ipswich, in 1645. 
But he is said to have built a mill on the Cochichawick, 1644. 
He was the most influential citizen. The " worshipful Mr. 
Simon Bradstreet," he is most often styled. He held office 
in the colony as one of the Executive " Assistants," during 
most of the time of his residence in Andover, and afterward 
was Governor many years. A sketch of his life, and also a 
brief biography of his wife, Mrs. Anne Dudley Bradstreet, 
who is eminent as the first woman poet of America, are given 
in the history of the Bradstreet house, in another part of 
this chapter. The earliest relic found in Andover, of Mr. 
Bradstreet's life and work, is a deed, drawn and witnessed 
by him in 1663. This conveyed the land formerly sold by 
him to Richard Sutton. George Abbot bought the land, and 
the deed has been handed down to his descendants of the 
seventh generation. It is a document imposing and unique 
in style of execution. A fac-simile, is given herewith, of 
which the following is a translation, which the ancient writing 
makes necessary : — 

" Know all men by these presents that I Richard Sutton of 
Andover in the county of Essex weaver and Rachel my wife for 
divers good causes & considerations mee thereunto moving & for 
recaived payment in Howse & Land wch I have resaived & had 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 3 

of George Abbot sen"' of Andover afores*^ husbandman every ryte 
& tytell whereof I do acknowledge myself e satisfyed & payd. 
Have Bargained & sold & by this presents doe give, grant bar- 
gaine, sell, infeoff, assigne, & make over unto the said George 
Abbot senr All those my two pc'lls of ox-land or ploughing ground 
on the westerly side of y* Shawshin river, the one lying & being 
By Little- hope brooke conteyning by estimation thirty acres, Be 
the same more or lesse & the other lyinge & being on the west 
syde of a lyttle peice of meadow belonging to the s** George Abbot 
containing by estimation eighteen acres be the same more or less, 
both wch peeces I lately purchased of Mr. Simon Bradstreet & are 
within the bounds of the towne of Andover To have & to hold 
the afores*^ two peices of Land with the wood & timber thereon 
growing or to be growing to the said George Abbot his heirs & 
assigns forever. And wee the said Richard Sutton & Rachel his 
wife doe hereby covenant «S>: promise to & w'ith the s'^ George Abbot 
that hee the said George, his heirs, executors administrators & 
assignes shall or may from tyme to tyme & att all tymes forever 
lawfully quietly & peaceably have, hold, possesse occupye & enjoy 
the aforesaid two peeces of Land & every ryt & privilege thereof 
hereby granted or intended to be granted w-ithout any lett, troubles, 
hinderances, interruption or molestation by the aforesaid Richard 
or Rachel or either of them our heirs, executors, administrators or 
assignes, or by or from any person or psons whatsoever claiming 
in by through or under us or either of us our heirs or assignes, 
hee the sayd George paying or causing to be payd all rates, Levies, 
or assessments from tyme to tyme that shall be due or lawefully 
imposed for the above Land either by the Lawe of the Country 
or custome of the towne of Andover or otherwise, shall save harm- 
less the said Richard & Rachel their heires & assignes forever 
from any damages for default thereof. In witness whereof we the 
said Richard & Rachel have hereunto sett o'' hand and seales this 
eighteenth day of the first month commonly called March, in the 
yeare of our Lord one thousand six hundred sixty & three & in 
the fifteenth year of the raigne of y^ Soveragne Lord, King Charles 
the Second. 

" Signed, Sealed & Delivered 
in the presence of Richard Sutton. 

Simon Bradstreet her mk 

Thomas Chandler Rachel l\^ Sutton." ^ 

John Bradstreet 

1 For women (except those of remarkable advantages of wealth and culture) 
to write was unusual in the earliest years of the town history. See Chapter VIII. 



14 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" This writing was acknowledged by Richard Sutton to be his 
act and deede & Rachel his wife did give her free consent thereto, 
this 6th of ffebru^ry 1664 before mee 

Simon Bradstreet. 

" Essex, ss. This Instrument is Recorded with the Records of 
s*^ County Lib 31, fol. 209. Steph. Sewall Record." 

Mr. Simon Bradstreet, after the death of his wife (1672), 
removing to Salem, his house was occupied and his place 
filled in the town by his son,^ Col. Dudley Bradstreet. The 
latter lived in Andover till his death, 1706. His wife was 
Ann Wood, widow of Theodore Price. His only son, the 
Rev. Dudley Bradstreet, first master of the Andover Gram- 
mar School, removed to Groton 1708, and was for some years 
pastor of the church there, but subsequently went over to 
England and took orders in the Established Church. The 
other sons of Mr. Simon Bradstreet having settled elsewhere, 
with the departure of Mr. Dudley Bradstreet the name be- 
came extinct in Andover. Of the other sons a word may be 
added : — 

Samuel Bradstreet was a physician, graduated at Harvard 
College, 1653. He was representative for Andover to the 
General Court, 1670, although probably then a resident of 
Boston. He died in the West Indies. 

Simon Bradstreet, graduate of Harvard College, 1660, was 
minister of New London, Connecticut. 

John Bradstreet was the only son born in Andover. He 
was born July 22, 1652. He settled in Topsfield, on the 
grant of land made to his father. 

Of the daughters : Dorothy was married to the Rev. Sea- 
born Cotton. Sarah was married to Richard Hubbard (H. U. 
1653) ; also to Maj. Samuel Ward. Hannah or Anne, to Mr. 
Andrew Wiggin, of Exeter, N. H. Mercy, to Maj. Nathan- 
iel Wade, of Medford. 

Dr. Samuel Bradstreet's daughter Mercy was married to 
Dr. James Oliver, from whom are descended Dr. Oliver Wen- 
dell Holmes and Mr. Wendell Phillips. 

1 A sketch of his life and character and his influence in the town will be given 
in the history of the Bradstreet house. 



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MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1$ 

Rev. Simon Brad street's daughter Lucy was married to 
Hon. Jonathan Remington, of Cambridge. From them were 
descended Dr. WilHam E. Channing and Mr. Richard H- 
Dana. "~' 

Mr. John Osgood, whose name stands second on the list 
of householders, and also next after that of the minister on 
the list of the ten members who formed the nucleus of the 
first church (a list of ten freeholders was necessary before a 
church could be organized), was probably the most influen- 
tial citizen, after the Bradstreets and the ministers. He 
came from a town near Andover in England, and it is said 
th«t it was he who named the new plantation, but of this 
there does not appear any certain evidence. 

Mr. Osgood was the town's first representative to the Gen- 
eral Court, 165 1. It is interesting to compare the affairs of 
town and commonwealth now with what they were then 
when the member from Andover wended his way on foot ^ or 
on horseback through the woods to the halls of legislation, 
all undreaming of the coming eras of railway, telegraph, tel- 
ephone, etc., and without a suspicion that the debates, discus- 
sions, and declarations which he and the men of his time 
were indulging in at town meeting and General Court were 
the seeds destined to ripen into American independence. 
The great problem of the General Assembly just at that time 
was how to keep a safe neutrality in regard to the civil wars 
of the mother country, or rather how to seem submissive 
subjects to the powers that were and yet practically to man- 
age the colonial affairs in their own way. The Massachu- 
setts Colony was Puritan in sentiment, but had no mind to 
embroil itself in the quarrels across the water. The fact that 
the colonists thought possible to maintain neutrality is evi- 
dence that they had to some extent, even then, severed them- 
selves from the parent government. Indeed, whether Eng- 
land was ruled by king or protector, Massachusetts contrived 
for the most part, for more than fifty years, to govern herself, 
and, while professing allegiance, to ignore or evade the laws 

1 Mr. Simon Bradstreet walked ixom. Salem to Dover in 1641, on official bus- 
iness, as one of the Commissioners of the Colonies. 



l6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

which she had no mind to know and obey. The General Court, 
to which Mr. Osgood was the deputy from Andover, voted, in 
reference to some of the demands of the beloved and hon- 
ored Protector of England, to the effect that it would be in- 
consistent with the colonial conscience to submit its affairs 
to any laws except those made by the freemen of the colony ; 
and especially tney remonstrated against the appointment of 
any governor, by the Protector, for the colony ; demonstrat- 
ing that their charter entitled them to elect their chief ex- 
ecutive in the colony. Cromwell, therefore, left the colo- 
nial magistrates undisturbed, — Endicott, Governor ; Thomas 
Dudley, father-in-law of Mr. Bradstreet, Deputy Governor. 
Mr. Bradstreet was one of the Assistants at this time, Ando- 
ver being honored in having two of her citizens at this early 
day influential in the colonial legislature and government. 
The acts of legislation which engaged the attention of Ando- 
ver's first deputy did not concern especially the town of his 
residence, and are of no particular local interest, being in the 
main in regard to lands or boundaries, or the regulation of 
colonial trade and commerce. One or two characteristic acts 
are the following in 165 1 : — 

" Whereas it is observable that there are many abuses and dis- 
orders by dancing in ordinaries [taverns] whether mixt or un- 
mixt upon marriage of some persons this Court doth order that 
henceforward there shall be no dancing upon such occasion or at 
other times in ordinaries uppon the paine or penaltie of five shil- 
lings for every person that shall so daunce in ordinaries." 

The author of a new book, Mr. Pincheon, was reprimanded 
by the Court for failing " to speak so fully as he ought of the 
price and merit of Christ's sufferings," but afterward he was 
pardoned, "since the Court conceive he is in a hopefull way 
of improvement." A citizen of Lynn was fined fifty pounds 
for having " defamed the management of the town and con- 
trary to the lawe of God and the lawes here established re- 
proached and slandered the courts, magistrates and govern- 
ment." Sueh were some of the (as they seem to us) frivolous 
or irrelevant subjects introduced among matters of practical 
and vital interest to the colony. Whether to men who looked 
upon life and civil government, as our ancestors looked upon 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1/ 

them, they were questions frivolous and irrelevant to political 
legislation, and whether larger experience has given to the 
legislators of the nineteenth century wisdom to come to bet- 
ter and more' just decisions respecting the questions which 
our forefathers disposed of so summarily, future centuries will 
give verdict. • 

Mr. Osgood's term of office was short. In October, 165 i, 
he died, aged fifty-six years. During an illness some time be- 
fore, he had made his will, the first, so far as has been found, 
of the many testaments of Andover citizens, by which hands 
reaching forth from beyond the tomb have held strong grip 
on the treasures which they had laid up on earth, and dead 
men's " wills " have been, considering the fluctuations of hu- 
man motives, more potent than those of the living to control 
the transmission of their estates. The will was witnessed by 
two of Mr. Osgood's townsmen, both of whom outlived him 
by more than a quarter of a century. The reader will not 
grudge the space taken to transcribe this interesting memo- 
rial, one of the few relics ^ of these olden times : — 

"The twelfth of April 1650, in the age of the testator fifty-four 
[born in 1595 June 23d] I John Osgood of Andover in the County 
of Essex in New England, Being Sick of Body but in perfect 
memor\- do institut and mak my last will & testament in manner 
and form as foloweth : 

Imprimis, I do give unto my Sonn John Osgood my hous and. 
hous-lot with all the accommodations thereunto belonging, 
Broaken-up and Unbroken-up land, with all the meadow there- 
unto belonging fforever, with the proviso that my wife Sarah 
Osgood shall have the moyety or the one half of the hous and 
lands and meadows during her natural life. 
//. I do give & Bequeath to my Sonn Stephen Osgood 25 pounds 

to be payd at 18 years off age in Country pay. 
//. I do give to my dater Elizabeth Osgood 25 pounds to be payd 

at 18 years off age in Country pay. 
It. I do give to my daughter Sarah Clements 20 shillings to be 
payd when she is 7 years of age, but if she dy before that time 
to be null. 
//. I do give to my servant Caleb Johnson one cow-calf to be payd 

1 Essex County Court Papers, vol. ii., p. 22. 
2 



1 8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

3 yeares Before his time is out and to be kept at the cost of my 
executor till his time is out. 
I do give to the meeting-hous off Newbury i8 shillings to Buie a 
cushion for the minister to lay his Book upon : all the rest of 
my Goods and Chattels unbequeathed I do give unto my son 
John Osgood and to Sarah my wife whom I do make joynt ex- 
ecutors of my last will and testament & in witness hereof set 
my hand and seale. I do intreat John Clement of Haverhill 
and Nicholas Hoult of Andover to be overseers of this my last 
will and testament. 

By me John Osgood 

In presence off 

Joseph Parker 
Richard Barker." 

The scene of this ancient will-making in Andover was very 
different from that of such occasions now. The house of the 
primitive settler was built of logs, or, if of hewn timber and 
more pretentious as that of the representative may have 
been, still plain and rude, and devoid of the elegancies or 
comforts of modern time, or of older settlements in the early 
time. For it does not appear from the few records left that 
any of the " first " families of Andover, except the Brad- 
streets (and, perhaps, the Woodbridges), had brought hither 
anything except the absolute necessaries of life, in the way 
of household furniture and appointments. Any ideas of 
there being here at the earliest day, choice china, delft, etc., 
or silver plate, such as are seen in old collections handed 
down as heirlooms (except, perhaps, in the families before 
named), are dispelled by a perusal of the inventory of the 
furniture and household goods of the next most prominent 
citizen, after Mr. Bradstreet. No family portrait, silver plate, 
china, or porcelain ware, mahogany, or oak, or damask-cov- 
ered chair, were in the little humble abode, where this the 
town's first deputy to the General Court made his last will 
and testament ; and in his pious regard for the Church of 
Christ he was more ready to expend his money for "cushions 
for the pulpit Bible," than he was to provide luxurious adorn- 
ings for his own dwelling. A rude cottage, and plain furni- 
ture were all the worldly goods, except his broad acres, that 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 9 

the sick man had to dispose of, and take leave of, and his 
eye looked out on a landscape far different from the present 
aspect of old Andover. Through the narrow windows of the 
house, set in heavy leaden sashes (if glass windows were 
afforded, instead of oiled paper, often used to admit light), 
he looks off not on cultivated farm and smiling landscape 
stretching everywhere, but to the dense wood beyond the vil- 
lage clearing. He may, perhaps, descry stealthily creeping 
thence an Indian, intent on barter or plunder, or with friendly 
purpose, to bring a gift to the sick pale-face, — fish, or game, 
or powow-charm, and healing herb, to drive away the spell of 

disease. 

When the twilight shadows fall, and the early-to-bed house- 
hold sink to sleep and silence, except the drowsy watcher at 
the sick bed, the quick ear of the restless patient may catch 
the sound among the crackling brushwood of the deer's light 
tread, venturing near the dwelling, or by the moonlight may 
discern its graceful form and soft eyes peering out from 
copse or corn-field, or perchance he may, roused from dreams 
of Old England, and merry-making with rout of huntsman 
and bugle-horn, start to the dreadful reality of the wilder- 
ness, hear the howling of wolves, and see the glaring pack 
rush past, bearing down on some estray of flock or herd, or 
benighted traveller. It may be, the latch-string of the door 
left loose, a bear snuffing around thrusts his nose over the 
threshold, and draws back growling at sight of the embers 
burning on the hearth, while Reynard, the fox, interrupted 
thereby in his depredations on the chicken-coop, drops the 
fat cock from his back, and arouses up all the cackling brood. 
So drag on the weary hours ; howls of wolves, baying of 
hounds, hoot of owl, cry of whip-poor-will, or of loon, startled 
from its reedy covert by the pond, disturbing the night, till in 
the glimmering dawn the chorus of morning bird-song be- 
gins, and the beat of drum summons the villagers to their 
daily rounds, and brings the solace of human society to the 
sick man. Thus wild and primitive is the scene, which fact 
dictates for fancy's sketch of the night-watches in the homes 
of ancient Andover. To make the picture true to life, we 
should set it in a frame-work of Scripture texts and pious 



20 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



ejaculations, and put into it numberless conflicts and wrest- 
lings, fastings and prayers, witnessed only by the All-seeing. 
For, firm as was the faith of our fathers in the presence of the 
invisible God, as firm also was their belief in the presence, if 
not the omnipresence, of the invisible devil. As they held 
communion with their divine friend, so did they likewise hold 
conflict with their demoniac enemy. Prayer was the panoply 
in which the Puritan was ever clad, and as he kept his loaded 
musket at hand at all times, in health or in sickness, by day 
and by night, for defence against sudden attack of savage, so 
he kept his quivers of Scripture texts, and his magazine of 
petitions ever ready to quench all the fiery darts of the ad- 
versary. When the last enemy had gained the last victory 
over the militant saint, and, conflict, prayer, will and testa- 
ment all ended, earth was to be returned to earth again, the 
funeral rites were simple and characteristic of the Puritan 
creed. Prayer at the grave of the dead was not allowed, lest 
it should seem to countenance the Romish masses for the re- 
pose of the soul. Whatever was allowed in the way of cere- 
mony and funeral pomp, was no doubt done by the citizens 
of Andover, to render impressive the burial and honor the 
memory of their first deputy. 

The Inventory ^ of Mr. Osgood's estate is as follows : — 

'■'■An Inventorie of the Estate of John Osgood sen. of Andover lately 
deceased. 





£ s d 


Foure oxen 


. 30 


Two steeres 


10 


Six covves ........ 


. 29 


Seven young cattel ...... 


24 


Eight swine ........ 


. 25 


1 20 Bushels of wheat 


24 


30 Bushels of Ry 


500 


120 Bushels of Indian 


15 


House Lands & Meadows 


. 80 


For Rie sowed 


12 


Due upon bond 


. 20 


Sixty Bushels of Barly 


13 


^ Essex County Court Records, vol. ii. 





MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 



21 



Fifty Bushels of Pease .... 
A feather-bed & furniture .... 
A flock bed (being half feathers) & furniture 
A flock bed & furniture .... 
Five payre of sheets &: an odd one 

Table linen 

Fower payre of pillow-beers . 
Nineteen yards of Carsamere 
Sixe yards of Serge .... 
Ten yards of Canvace .... 

A remnant of Serge . . • • 
Penistone (?) ten yards .... 
Ten payre of stockings .... 
Three yards of Stuffe .... 

Twenty-two pieces of pewter . 
For ye copper & brasse .... 
For Iron pott, tongs, cottrell & pot hooks 
Two muskets & a fowling-piece . 
Sword, cutlass & bandaleeres . 

Yarne & cotton-wool 

Barrels, tubbs, trays, cheese-moates and pailes 
A stand ....... 

Bedsteads, cords & chayers 

Chests and wheeles 

A hayre cloth .... 

Bridle & Saddle .... 

For sawes ... 

Mault 

A firkin of Butter . 

Bacon ..... 

A yard of holland . 

A yard & a half of calico . 

Household implements . 

The Sum of all . 



3 

2 
2 
I 
O 

5 
I 
o 
o 
I 



8 15 o 

4 ID o 
ID O 
O O 

8 o 
o o 

i8 o 
o o 

4 o 

9 o 
9 o 

lO o 

o i8 o 

ID O 
2 GO 

4 14 o 

1 GO 
lO o 

5 o 

IG O 

5 o 
14 o 

16 o 

5 o 

5 o 
10 o 

16 o 

8 o 



G O 

3 o 

2 6 

o o 



373 7 6 



John Clements 
Nicholas Hoult 



His H maike 



Sarah Osgood " 

Her O marke 



This was recorded 25th, 9th month, 16 51. 



22 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AN DOVER. 

From the first settler, whose home was, as appears from 
the inventory, devoid of the luxuries and even of many of 
the comforts of life, have descended generations reared in 
affluence. The pioneer settlers grew rich rapidly. Their 
estates became valuable. Lands which were "granted" to 
the fathers were sold by the children and grandchildren for 
large sums of monev. The town of Andover did not long 
lack the refinements which come with wealth, when, as in 
the case of our townsmen, pains are taken to add to it intel- 
lectual culture. 

The Osgood name has been remarkably influential in the 
town, connected both with civil and with military office. For 
a hundred and fifty years there was scarcelj^ a time when 
there were not several military officers, captains, or colonels, 
in service, and in the list of representatives to the General 
Court, the name occurs thirty times before the year 1800. 
During the Revolutionary period, the Hon. Samuel Osgood, 
of Andover (North Parish), was State Senator, Representa- 
tive to the National Congress, first Commissioner of the 
Treasury, and, after his removal from Andover to New York, 
Postmaster General. Among the representatives of the 
name in this period were the eminent divine of Medford, 
Rev. David Osgood, D. D., native of the South Parish, and 
the physicians at North Andover, Dr. Joseph Osgood, who 
died 1797, and his son Dr. George Osgood, who died 1823. 

Isaac Osgood, Esq. (resident some time in Salem), Peter 
Osgood, Esq., Captain Timothy Osgood, were respectively 
heads of families influential at North Andover in the last 
fifty years. 

Hon. Gayton P. Osgood, representative to Congress 1833 
(died 1 861), was a gentleman of rare culture. He lived at 
North Andover, in the fine mansion ^ (on the Haverhill road) 
built by his father, Isaac Osgood, Esq. 

Captain Isaac Osgood, Rev. Peter Osgood (H. U. 18 14), 
Mr. Henry Osgood, were among the later prominent repre- 
sentatives of the name. There are now very few ^ members 

1 Now the residence of Mr. James Davis. 

2 Miss Hannah Osgood, daughter of Peter Osgood, Esq., and sister of Rev. 
Peter Osgood, is living in her eighty-sixth year. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 23 

of this once large family left in the Andovers. The principal 
of these is Mr. Isaac Osgood, postmaster of North Andover. 

Emigrants from old Andover have carried the name to 
many different places, and among their descendants are num- 
bered many names of distinction. But to collect and record 
even a part of these would require time and space beyond 
our limits. The ancient estates on the Cochichawick are 
still owned by descendants ^ of the Osgood line. 

No trace of memorial tablet, or grave-stone, remains, which 
marked the spot where was laid the body of John Osgood, 
the first settler, in the old burying-ground, nor any relic of 
the men, his neighbors, whose names are signed as witnesses 
of his will and stand next to his on the list of householders. 
This burying-ground is at North Andover Centre — at the 
southeast of the Bradstreet House, —on the hill near where 
was the first meeting-house, and is, besides the house, the 
only memorial left of the works of the first settlers. 

Of all the tombstones erected in memory of the first 
householders, one alone remains, that in memory of John 
Stevens. Its broken stone has been re-set in a granite tab- 
let:— 

Here lyes buried 

The Body of Mr. 

John Stevens 
Who deceased y® 

1 1 Day of April 
1662 in y* 57 

year of his age. 

The stone is quaintly carved and ornamented, but bears no 
eulogy or text. "He lived — he died," — this is indeed the 
sum and " abstract of the historian's page " in regard to the 
life of this, as of many another first settler of Andover, to 
whose memorial monument time and decay have given a 
longer reprieve than to most of those of his contemporaries. 
His name appears occasionally in the records of the County 
Court, and once in the records of the General Court, 1654: 
"John Stevens of Andover, Henry Short of Newbury, Jo- 

1 Mr. T. Osgood Wardvvell, Mrs. S. Osgood Russell, and Mrs. C. Osgood 
Stevens. 



24 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

seph Jewett of Rowley, a committee chosen to examine into 
the grounds of a dispute between Haverhill and Salisbury in 
regard to lands, and to return their apprehentions thereof to 
this Court." On the 19th of October, they made an elaborate 
and minute report of their action in the matter, detailing 
their surveying, etc., in its full particulars, and stating their 
conclusion that former surveyors had made a mistake by 
which land was cut off from Haverhill "to their great pjdice." 
Their report was accepted. 

An idea of the house, estate, and style of living of John 
Stevens may be obtained from the following : — 

'''' An Inve7itory^ of the goods and Chattels of jfohn Ste^'ens of An do- 
ver Deceased ernprized by George Abbot, Richard Barker, Nathan 
Parker, AHcholas Noyes, the 28fh of Apriil Anno 1662. 

'"'' Imp. His wearing Apparell. 

'■ //. In the hall, two beds with their furniture. //. One chest 
and foure boxes. //. Eight payre of sheetes, foure Bolster cases 
and three payre of pillow-beeres. //. Three table cloaths, i dozen 
of Napkins with other sleight Things. 

" //. One brasse I'ott, foure small Kettels one Skillett, a Scum- 
mer & warming pan. //. One Iron Pott, an iron posnett, two 
payre of pott hookes, two trammels, a spitt, a payre of tonges & 
fire-pan, a payre of Cob-irons with a smoothing iron & a trevett. 

" //. Six pewter platters, two brazers, two porrengers, foure 
drinken cuppes, a salt-seller a chamber-pott, a dozen & half of 
spoones a latten-pan. //. A table board & foure chayres, two 
cushens two dozen of trenchers, half a dozen of dishes. 

" It. A muskett, corslett & head piece a sword, cutlass and 
halberd. //. A bible with other books. It. In the Leaneto — 
Barrels, wheeles, with other lumber. //. In the Chamber — bed- 
ding. It. Wheate, twenty Bushells, Indian corn ten bushels. 
//. A bridle & saddle & pommel. //. Two flitches of Bacon. 
It. Baggs. It. Flax & yarne. //. Old tubbs with other lumber. 
It. Sawes, Axes, ploughes, with other working tooles. It. Eight 
oxen. //. Six cows. It. A heifer & two yearlings. //. Three 
calves. //. Swine. //. A colt & an asse. //. A horse. //. One 
stocke of bees. //. One' carte, sleads, yoakes, chaines plowes & 
plow-irons, ropes, &c. 

" It. House, barnes, upland, & meadow and corne upon y'' 
grounde. Sum total ^463. 4. o." 

1 Essex County Court Papers, vol. viii., p. i8. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 25 

The inventories of the two citizens, John Osgood and John 
Stevens, are interesting to study, not only for the idea which 
they give of the amount of projDerty owned by the rich citi- 
zens of ancient Andover, but also for the picture ihey present 
of the style of living of that time, the household furniture 
and farm implements. Some of the names of utensils are 
now unfamiliar in New England households, but they were 
those in use in the old country, and often occur in the Eng- 
lish classics of that period. An "iron possnet"was a sort 
of porringer; "cob-irons" wer^e andirons, with a round ball 
at the top ; a " trevett " was a " three-footed stand," probably 
to accompany the smoothing-iron — a flat-iron stand, in mod- 
ern j3arlance ; a " latten-pan " was a pan made of latten, a 
sort of tin ; " trenchers " were wooden plates, which were in 
common use for the table. Wooden plates and pewter plat- 
ters, or dishes, pewter drinking cups and spoons, no knives 
and forks, are what constituted the table furniture of the two 
well-to-do farmers of North Andover in 1650-1660. The 
quantity of military outfit is noticeable : "Sword, cutlass, hal- 
berd, head-piece, corslet (an outfit for a knight of the middle 
ages), also a musket, but all only costing two pounds. 

The Stevens name was prominent in the early military rec- 
ord. Sergeant John Stevens, 1661 ; Lieutenant John Ste- 
vens, 1689 ; Captain Benjamin Stevens, about 1725, was one 
of the must active officers in the frontier service, ranging in 
quest of Indians. He was representative to the General 
Court and justice of the peace. 

The name of Stevens was widely known in the colonial 
time by the brilliant reputation of Rev. Joseph Stevens, 
grandson of John Stevens, the first settler ; also of his son 
Rev. Benjamin Stevens, D. D., of Kittery, Me., once candi- 
date for the presidency of Harvard College. Rev. Phineas 
Stevens, D. D., was a graduate of Harvard College, 1734 ; 
ordained at North Andover, 1740 ; settled at Boscawen. 
Capt. James Stevens, during the French and Indian war, did 
honorable duty in the King's service. He was also one of 
the deputies to the General Court. During the Revolution, 
Adjutant Bimsley Stevens was on the staff of General Ward. 

Among the prominent names of the family are, in recent 
times, Capt. Nathaniel Stevens, one of the early manu- 



26 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

facturers of North Andover (his five sons manufacturers — 
among them Mr. Charles Stevens, of Ware, and Hon. Moses 
T. Stevens, of North Andover) ; the late Justice William 
Stevens, of Lawrence ; his son, Colonel William O. Stevens 
(attorney, of Dunkirk, N. Y.), killed in the battle of Chancel- 
lorsville, May 3, 1863 ; Major-general Isaac I. Stevens, Gov- 
ernor of Washington Territory, killed in the battle of Chan- 
tilly, Va., September i, 1862 ; Oliver Stevens, Esq., now 
District Attorney of Suffolk County ; Henry J. Stevens, Esq., 
counsellor at law, Boston ; Mr. Phineas Stevens (deceased, 
1864), builder of first mills at Lawrence, civil engineer; Mr. 
Augustus G. Stevens, now city engineer of Manchester. Mr, 
Warren Stevens and Mr. Enoch Stevens, traders fifty years 
ago, at North Andover, — also James Stevens, Esq., — were 
widely known in this vicinity, and many others of the family, 
especially in the West Parish, had a local name ; but enough 
have been mentioned to indicate the descent and perpetuity 
of the family through the centuries. 

Before tracing farther the early settlers we may here pause 
to take a survey of the every-day life in the new plantation, 
and gain a more vivid idea of the manners and customs 
of ancient Andover. First, as to their gaining a legal and 
moral right to the goodly territory on which they settled. 
We have already seen what the action of the General Court 
was in reference to the Cochichawick plantation, and that 
Mr. John Woodbridge was a prime mover in the matter of 
collecting a colony. He and Mr. Edmond Faulkner are said 
to have purchased the land from the Indian sachem, Cut- 
sharnache, or Cutshamakin, who lived near Dorchester, and 
who was a kinsman of Passaconaway, the sachem living in 
the region about the Merrimack River, " Old Will," as he 
was sometimes called. 

For the paltry sum of six pounds, currency, and a coat, 
the township of Andover was bought, a tract of land in- 
cluded between Merrimack River, Rowley, Salem, Woburn, 
and Cambridge. This sale the Indian sachem acknowl- 
edged about the time of the town's incorporation, and con- 
firmed before the General Court, as appears from the Colony 
records : — 







;i#wl^^^^^?55^^^ 



Uh^--'- 



BIRTHPLACE OF MAJOR-GENERAL ISAAC I. STEVENS, GOVERNOR OF V/ASHINGTON TERRITORY. 

LW «..v./ •• Mn.s.,. hous.- nrr.uuMM) ./Mr. Moo.ly iU-id,c., officer of ihc Old French IVar and 

ref<reseniiitive to tlie First Provincial Congress.] 




JOHNSON HIGH SCHOOL AND STEVENS HALL, 
[/« tkeb,u-Krr^nnd.fPcar tlu- konse of Hon. Gaytou P. Osgood, and, dhnly .isiHc, the old Colonel Osgood house. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 27 

" At a General Court at Boston 6"' 3'' mo. 1646 Cutshamache, 
Sagamore of y" Massachusetts came into y' Corte & acknowl- 
edged y' for the sum of £C> & a Coat which he had already re- 
ceived, he had sold to Mr. John Woodbridge in behalfe of y'' in- 
habitants of Cochichawicke now called Andover.all his right 
interest & privilege in y*" land 6 miles southward from y*^ towne, 
two miles eastward to Rowley bounds be ye same more or lesse, 
northward to Merrimack river, pvided y' y* Indian called Roger 
and his company may have liberty to take alewives in Cochicha- 
wicke River, for their owne eating ; but if they either spoyle or 
steale any come or other fruite to any considerable value of y'' in- 
habitants there, this liberty of taking fish shall forever cease, and 
y* said Roger is still to enjoy four acres of ground where he now 
plants." 

The name of Roger is still perpetuated in Roger's brook 
and Roger's rock,^ the well-known landmark, near the pres- 
ent site of the South Meeting-house. " Roger and his com- 
pany " taking alewives in the rivers, or even, in spite of their 
promises, " spoyling or stealing corn " in the white man's 
planting grounds, were no doubt familiar sights to the set- 
tlers of old Andover, for it is to be observed that the clause 
in the agreement does not imply the possibility of their ab- 
staining wholly from plunder. " To any considerable value," 
left a wide leeway and margin, as a concession to the In- 
dian's natural propensity. Roger's " reservation," of " four 
acres where he now plants," seems never to have occasioned 
any controversy ; but he and " his company " (like all his 
race destined to fade away before the invader) have long ago 
ceased to be, — no descendant of an Indian is now^ known 
to live on the soil sold by Cutshamache. 

The "village of Cochichawicke" was laid out in house lots, 
chiefiy of four acres and eight acres. To many persons who 
have not given special thought to the matter, and are not fa- 
miliar with colonial life, it is a matter of wonder that the early 
settlers of the New England towns had not larger homesteads. 
When the country was all before them, why did not our fore- 
fathers each surround his house with an estate of hundreds 
of acres, instead of crowding as closely together in living as 

1 Now removed. 

2 Some persons now living remember a woman named Nancy Parker, who is 
said to liave been the Jast Indian. 



28 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

though land were scarce, and why are the estates, which 
have been held by families from the time of these first set- 
tlers, not contiguous territory, but scattered all over the town 
in patches here and there, a wood-lot in one place and a 
meadow two to five miles away ? 

A little reflection on the state of things, in which the 
pioneer settlers found themselves, and a study of the records 
of the town and of the proprietors, explain all this. 

It was necessary that the population should be compact to- 
gether, not only because of the danger of attack from Indians 
and of the ravages of wild beasts, and the guard to be kept 
against these, but, also, because the facilities of communica- 
tion were few for transacting the business of the community. 
With no good roads, and few horses, it was desirable that a 
community mutually dependent should not be scattered over 
a wide territory. Some ancient rules ^ or directions, for lay- 
ing out a " towne," are the following, which are likely to have 
been in general the plan followed at Andover : — 

" Suppose y'' towne square 6 miles every waye. The houses or- 
derly placed about y" midst especially y* meeting-house, the which 
we will suppose to be y'^ center of y^ wholl circumference. The 
greatest difficulty is for the employment of y* parts most remote, 
which (if better direction doe not arise) may be this ; the whole 
being 6 miles, the extent from y'^ meeting-house in y* center will be 
unto every side 3 miles; the one half whereof being 2500 paces 
round about & next unto y^ said center, in what condition soever 
it lyeth may well be distributed & employed unto y^ houses within 
the compass of y^ same orderly placed to enjoye comfortable con- 
vaniance. Then for y* ground lying without, y^ neerest circumfer- 
ance may be thought fittest to be imployed in farmes into which 
may be placed skillful bred husbandmen, many or fewe as they 
may be attayned unto to become farmers, unto such portions as 
each of them may well & in convenient time improve according to 
the portion of stocke each of them may be intrusted with." 

The township was owned by the Proprietors. Some twenty- 
three names are found, but the original lists were lost, and 
after some years persons were counted as proprietors who 
were not among the original ones. The house-lots having 
been assigned, the farm lands (meadow lands, ox-ground, 

1 Mass. His. Soc. Coll., Fifth Series, vol. i. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 29 

ploughing ground, mowing land, they were variously named) 
were distributed in proportion to each man's house-lot ; that 
is, to a four-acre house-lot belonged a certain amount of 
meadow or farm land ; to an eight-acre house-lot belonged 
double this amount of farm land, etc. These were called 
" house-lot rights " or " acre-rights," and thus when a man 
bought a house-lot of eight acres, he had also with it, and at 
first (as it would seem) inseparable from it in transfer, these 
farm lands. But the whole township was by no means used 
up and divided out. A large, perhaps the larger, part was 
kept in reserve by the proprietors, and called the " common 
or undivided lands." From these, grants and sales were made 
from time to time, up to the year 1800, when the whole was 
sold and the money divided for the support of free schools.^ 

The first house-lots were grouped around the meeting- 
house in the north part of the town. The old burying-ground 
marks the site (nearly) of the meeting-house. The estates 
remote from this centre, which are often said to have been 
the "homesteads" of the first settlers, from the fact that the 
land can be proved to have been held by them, it is not prob- 
able were in many instances the places of their first abode, 
although, in the progress of the settlement, many of the first 
owners of house-lots undoubtedly removed from their orig- 
inal residence, further from the centre, to their own farm 
lands, where, in time, residence became safer and more con- 
venient. So, as was said, estates and homesteads have been 
handed down from first settlers which were not their first res- 
idence, or even perhaps their residence at all. This will ap- 
pear more clearly in the course of the narrative. 

It is apparent, from what has been said, that the " common " 
lands were not for any ornamental or decorative, or even san- 
itary purposes, such as the "common" of a city or village 
now serves, although in some instances the land now beauti- 
fied and adorned as a public park is a remnant of the former 
common lands of the town — as Boston "Common," which 
was used for a pasture. The " common or undivided " lands 
served for the pasturage of the flocks and herds. Those 
common lands conveniently situated were often used as places 
1 See Chapter VIII., " District Schools ; " also " Franklin Academy." 



30 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

for military drill, which was rigidly enforced during the In- 
dian wars. These were called " training fields " : — 

" iyi8. — Voted & passed That the three training-fields, that 
which is called Benjamin's Lott,^ the old training field ; and that 
between Capt. John Chandler's and Samuel Peters's and Ensign 
Henry Chandler's, and that by the South Meeting house, all three 
places shall lye common forever." 

There were also common wood-lands, and for various pur- 
poses, as appears from the following in the Proprietors' rec- 
ords : — 

" Andover's Common Clay grotind Laid out and Recorded for. to 
Lye Common forever for the Use of all the Town. 

We the subscribers hereof who were chosen and appointed a 
Committee by the proprietors of Andover at their meeting that 
was on the 22: day January: 172^ for to layout such Pieces of 
Clay Ground as was then common : whereupon on the seventh 
day of June 1722 : was Laid out these three severall pieces of 
clay ground That is to Ly open to the Common and that the Clay 
in each place is to be free : and common for any of the inhabitance 
of the said Town of Andover forever : for their own use in An- 
dover : To wit : the first piece of said clay -ground we Laid out for 
the End aforesaid, Lieth a Littell below Lieut John fries Dam 
just below his home meadow, that is about Thirty-five pole of 
Land be it more or Less. Bounded att the North West Corner 
with a Stake and Stons, then Run eastward four pole and a half 

to a great stump, then southward The second piece of 

said clay-ground lieth att a place called the miller's meadow clay- 
pitts, containing about one hundred pole of land .... the north 
end of it the said hundred pole of Clay ground and the east side 
of it Joyneth to Robert Swan's Land and the West side to the 
way that Leadeth from Joseph Ingales to Edward faringtons. 
The third piece of said clay Ground lyeth att Rose meadow Broock 
by the South Side of the way that Leads from Jacob Mastons to 
Quarter master John barkers." 

As late as 1794 there was a tract of land on Preston's 
Plain, lying west of Boston road and south of the road to 
Ballard's mill, which, "although divided by metes and bounds 

1 This is believed to liave been the land north of or near the present house of 
Dr. Kittredge, on the hill — a lot owned by Benjamin Stevens at one time. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 3 1 

is yet improved by the owners in one common field," as says 
the ancient document^ recording the action. A meeting of 
the proprietors was called at Mr. Isaac Blunt's tavern, Sep- 
tember 21, and adjourned to meet at an Oak Tree, on the 
road to Ballard's mill, for the purpose of dividing this " com- 
monage" for separate improvement by the owners, and the 
division was effected. 

It is difficult to ascertain with certainty anything definite 
about the first house-lots and their occupants, who seem to 
have removed from place to place in the town. In 1658, 
Richard Sutton bought a house, which had belonged to Mr. 
Bradstreet. The deed gives a clew to the residence of some 
of the other settlers. George Abbot, senior, had his house- 
lot on the north, and George Abbot, junior (not the son, but 
a younger man, " George Abbot tailor," or, " of Rowley," as 
the " Genealogical Register " designates him), had the lot 
south. Robert Barnard's lot adjoined Mr. Bradstreet's ; Mr, 
Dane lived near ; John Stevens seems to have lived near the 
burying-ground, to the east Joseph Parker had his lot " to- 
ward the mill river, southeast of the meeting-house, bounded 
by the house lot of Nicholas Holt, and by Mr. Francis Faulk- 
ner's on ye common."^ This was probably as late as 1670. 
Henry Ingals lived near the meeting-house, 1687. The Os- 
good and Johnson lots were toward the Cochichawick, and 
north of it. Richard Barker's was contiguous. It is a tradi- 
tion that John Frye lived south of the Bradstreet House, 
and the Poors near the Shawshin. Thus we learn that the 
first settlers, whose estates are now in the south and west 
parishes of Andover, lived in the beginning at the north part 
of the town. As is stated hereafter, the town at first forbade 
any to go to live on their farm lands without express permis- 
sion. 

The names of the proprietors, who had been also house- 
holders before 168 1, are given in a list (which, it is stated in 
the record, was copied from the town books), in the proprie- 
tors' books. These, as has been said, were not all proprietors 

1 MSS. of Mr. Asa A. Abbot. 

2 That he had a lot would not necessarily imply that he lived on it, but more 
than once in allusions to transactions the families are spoken of as contiguous. 



32 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



originally, but from time to time were voted into the num- 
ber : — 



Abbot, George, senior. 
Abbot, George, junior. 
Abbot, John. 
Allen, Andrew. 
Ballard, William. 
Barker, Richard. 
Barnard, Robert. 
Blanchard,' Samuel. 
Bradstreet, Simon. 
Chandler, Thomas. 
Chandler, William, senr. 
Dane, Mr. Francis. 
Farnum, Ralph. 



Farnum, Thomas. 
Faulkner, Edmond. 
Foster, Andrew, Senr. 
Foster, Andrew, Junr. 
Frie, John, senr. 
Frie, John, junr. 
Graves, Mark. 
Holt, Nicholas. 
Ingolls, Henry. 
Johnson, Thomas. 
Johnson, John. 
Lovejoy, John, senr. 
Martin, Solomon. 



Osgood, Capt. John. 
Parker, Josephf= — —^ 
Parker, Nathan. 
Poor, Daniel. 
Rowell, Thomas. 
Russell, Robart. 
Russ, John, senr. 
Stevens, John, senr. 
Stevens, John, junr. 
Stevens, Nathan. 
Stevens, Timothy 
Tyler, Job. 
Woodbridge,2 Benjamin. 



The Proprietors in 17 14 bought new books, and began a 
careful record of their transactions and the grants made. 
The two volumes of their records are now in the Memorial 
Hall Library, Andover, and are of interest to the curious in 
local history. In looking through them we find frequent 
mention of houses and land-marks, helpful in identifying 
family estates and abodes. 

The Proprietors' Records contain an account of what has 
already been said was the manner of dividing the lands, also 
of the mode of taxation, and when it underwent a change : — 

"The Proprietors in Andover raised their Town Rate By their 
Lots, so that he which hath an eight acre lot paid double to him 
that had a four-acre Lott and had also double division of Land 
and meadow, until the year 168 1. Then the proprietors came to 
a new agreement with themselves and also with all that were then 
householders : To raise our Town charges by Heads and their 
Ratable estate and then every man was to be priviledged in all 
town privileges according to what taxe he Bore and also to have 
an Interest in the Common Lands in Andover according to the 
Tax they Bore from the year 1681 to the year 17 13." 

The first town-meeting, of which there is any record,^ was 
holden at the house of John Osgood, 9th inst., ist, 1656, and 
was, as the record states, "chiefly warned and intended for 
the entering & recording of Town orders now in force and 



^ Alias Henry Jacques. 

8 The earliest books are lost. 



2 Alias Thomas Chandler. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 33 

particular men's grants of Land in a New Town Book ; the 
old being rent and in many places defective and some graunts 
lost." 

In 1660 action was taken by the town in respect to per- 
sons' removing their residence, and all citizens were forbidden 
to go out of the village to live, which at that time of compar- 
ative security from Indian attacks many were inclined to do. 
The disadvantage of such residence to the general welfare is 
thus set forth and guarded against : — 

"Att a generall Towne meeting March 1660, the Towne taking 
into consideration the great damage that may come to the Town 
by persons living remote from the Towne upon such lands as 
were given them for ploughing or planting and soe,'by their hoggs 
& cattle destroy the meadows adjoyning thereunto have therefore 
ordered & doe hereby order that whosoever, inhabitant or other 
shall build any dwelling-house in any part of the towne but upon 
such house lott or other place granted for that end without express 
leave from the Towne shall forfeit twenty shillings a month for 
the time he shall soe live in any such p'hibited place p'vided it is 
not intended to restrain any p'son from building any shede for 
himself or cattle that shall be necessary for the ploughing of his 
ground or hoeing of his corne, but to restraine only from their con- 
stant abode there, the towne having given house lotts to build on 
to all such as they regard as inhabitants of the towne." 

An instance of the damage done and the trouble caused 
by roving animals is found in a record,^ 1665, of a lawsuit : 
" Simon Bradstreet vs. Daniel Gage " for damages done to 
the plaintiff's fields by swine owned by the defendant. The 
fence-viewers, Thomas Johnson and Richard Sutton, testified 
in regard to the condition of the fence, that they had viewed 
it, and found it " very sufficient against all orderly cattle." 
It was not expected that fences could be made so as to keep 
out swine, and therefore persons, except innholders, were 
forbidden by law to keep more than ten of these animals. 
The year before, Mr. Bradstreet, whose suits against his 
neighbors and others were many (the law seems to have been 
resorted to on the most trifling causes in those times), had 
had a case '^ in court against Richard Sutton, which arose 

1 County Court Papers, vol. xiv. 2 Court Papers, vol. xiv. 

3 



34 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

primarily from the trespass of Mr. Bradstreet's horses on his 
neighbors' premises. The charge brought against Richard 
Sutton was that he intentionally struck and killed one of the 
horses. He claimed that he did not, — that the horses had 
been in his yard again and again (as he brought witnesses 
to prove) "eating up his cattle's fodder." One night, when 
they came, he called Mr. Bradstreet's dog and Mr. Dane's 
dog, and set them on the horses, and then was unable to call 
them off, and the dogs had killed a mare. " The doggs pulled 
her downe dnce in my yard & I beate them off & they fell 
upon her again & almost pulled her downe in Mr. Dane's 
cort yard & I did what I could to save her & I doe believe I 
can prove y' Mr. Dane's dog & Mr. Bradstreet's killed her." 
This was what Richard Sutton said to a neighbor, Thomas 
Abbot, the next day after the affair, as Abbot testified in 
court. The defendant was fined ten pounds ; but as his 
townsmen chose him for one of the fence-viewers the next 
year, it would seem that his reputation did not suffer seriously 
from the charge. It is noticeable that in his official capacity 
his evidence in the suit of " Bradstreet vs. Gage " was in 
favor of the plaintiff. He did not, however, long remain in 
Andover ; Mr. Bradstreet was a man who would not brook 
contradiction by his neighbors of less commanding influence, 
and it would not be surprising if Richard Sutton was glad to 
sell the house which he had bought from him, and go out of 
the neighborhood. At any rate, he seems to have removed 
to where there would be no more danger of trouble from Mr. 
Bradstreet's horses. 

The trespass of horses some years later caused yet more 
serious trouble between neighbors, — a hand-to-hand fight 
which came near ending fatally, between William Chand- 
ler, Jr., and Walter Wright. These instances, and many 
others, go to show that it is an error to infer from the strict 
rules and severe penalties for Sabbath-breaking, religious 
heresy, and extravagant dress, that the community was a 
model of good order and sobriety. Persons unfamiliar with 
the facts would be astonished to find how many offences 
there were against the moral and the civil law, and how com- 
mon they were in the families of prominent citizens. Both 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 35 

the parties in the fray now alluded to were of respectable 
family connections. The young man was the son of William 
Chandler, and nephew of Thomas Chandler, the deputy to 
the General Court, that same year, 1678. Walter Wright 
was in 1689 the constable, and in 1673 had been granted 
encouragement by the town to erect a fulling-mill. The story 
is told simply to show the actual state of the town and of 
society, as it was here and elsewhere, and to correct an erro- 
neous idea that the first century of our colonial history was 
in every respect superior to the present century, which, if it 
be true, is a sad commentary on all the labor expended to 
educate and cultivate and refine the masses. Our ancestors 
were good men, but their age had its faults, which were those 
of a primitive society, rude and not glossed over with any 
fine semblance, which makes right and wrong indistinguish- 
able. 

The trouble between our townsmen in August, 1678, was 
as follows (an extract from the evidence in court,^ September, 
1678) : — 

" The Testimony of William Chandler aged about 19 years, who 
saith that a month ago last past, Goodman " Right early in the 
morning came by to my father's house and I being in the yard he 
s"^ to me : Well, I will shoot your horse ; I asked him why : be- 
cause s*^ he, he hath been in my lot tonight. I replyed I am sorry 
for that ; for I did forget to fasten him tonight ; but I hope I shall 
doe soe no more, but Goodman Right replyed : And so you will 
always forget it ; but I will goe home & charge my gun & shoote 
him, for he hath done me forty shillings worth of hurt this sum- 
mer." 

The youth retorted, and being exasperated by some further 
offensive words, sprang upon Goodman Wright, and seized 
him by the collar. They grappled in a fierce tussle, in which 
Wright, being strangled by Chandler, drew a knife and gashed 
the face of the youth, " cut a long deepe gash on my cheeke 
which came very near my throat — his knife was in the in- 

1 County Court Papers, vol. xxix., p. 93. 

- Only a few of the more wealthy and influential men were spoken of as l\Ir. 
All others were called Goodman. Only four of the tirst settlers have the title 
Mr. : Bradstreet, Osgood, Faulkner, Woodbridge. 



S6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

deavour as I thought to cut my throat," '■ — was the testimony 
of Chandler in court. This trial, like the former one, seems 
not to have been any great injury to the reputation of the 
parties, or to have interfered with their standing in the town. 

But the many difficulties growing out of the trespassings 
of domestic animals made the watching of them important. 
They were also in danger of straying off and being lost in 
the woods, or in the boggy grounds. Officers to look after 
them were, therefore, appointed by the town, " reeves " and 
" branding men," — the latter to see that all cattle had the 
town-mark, and the former to superintend the driving of 
them to the common lands for pasture. Herdsmen were 
also employed to watch and drive the cattle and sheep. In 
the morning many of these were driven out, and back at 
evening, by the herdsmen, while some were out for the greater 
part of the season. In 1686 the town voted "that a parcel 
of land lying between y® land of William Ballard senior and 
ye pond called Ballards pond and soe to ye end of y^ pine 
plaine and soe betweene y® land of Joseph Ballard, Hugh 
Stone, & William Blunt & soe to John Abbot shall forever 
lye for a sheep pasture." 

The herdsmen were assisted in watching the flocks by 
boys and girls, who were obliged also to have some other 
employment meanwhile, so that their time might not be 
wasted, or habits of idleness formed. 

" 1642. The Court doe hereupon order and decree that in 
every towne the chosen men are to take care of such as are sett 
to keep cattle that they be sett to some other employment withall 
as spinning upon the rock, knitting «S: weavdng tape &c that boyes 
& girls be not suffered to converse together." 

A scene for the painter, if there had been one to appre- 
ciate it, would have been the wild, rocky pasture, with its 
flocks and herds browsing, tended by boys and girls with 
knitting-work in hand, or spinning-wheel on the rock, them- 
selves watched by the sharp-eyed herdsman, lest they trans- 
gress the rule of silence, while from behind bush or tree 
the whole party is eyed by lurking Indian or savage beast, 
waiting an unguarded moment to spring upon a victim. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 3/ 

To clear the forests of wild beasts was no small part of the 
labor of the primitive settler. It was also in its way a pleas- 
ure, as well as a duty, — one of the few recreations permitted 
to the Puritan. That the settlers sometimes undertook the 
chase in another spirit than the motive of self-preservation, 
appears from " Josselyn's Account of Two Voyages to New 
England," 1675 : — 

" Foxes and wolves are usually hunted in England from Holy 
Rood to Annunciation. In New England they make best sport in 
the depth of winter. They lay a sledg-load of cods-heads on the 
other side of a paled fence when the moon shines, and about nine 
or ten of the clock, the foxes come to it ; sometimes two or three 
or half a dozen and more, these they shoot and by that time they 
have cased them there will be as many more ; so they continue, 
shooting and killing of foxes as long as the moon shineth. I have 
known half a score killed in a night." 

He describes the sport in killing wolves, and narrates with 
gusto some acts which would point a moral for the advocate 
of prevention of cruelty to animals : — 

" A great mastiff held the wolf Tying him to a stake 

we bated him with smaller doggs, and had excellent sport ; but 

his hinder leg being broken, they knocked out his brains 

Their eyes shine by night as a Lanthorne The fangs of a 

wolf hung about children's necks keep them from frightning and 
are very good to rub their gums with when they are breeding of 
Teeth." 

Josselyn, in his " New England Rarities," also describes 
another method of catching wolves, which was perhaps used 
at Andover, and may offer some clew to the meaning of 
the term " Wolf-hook," of so frequent occurrence in the colo- 
nial records. 

" Four mackerel hooks are bound with brown thread and wool 
wrapped around them and they are dipped into melted tallow, till 
they be as big and round as an egg. This thing thus prepared is 
laid by some dead carcase which toles the wolves. It is swallowed 
by them and is the means of their being taken." 

Mr. Bradstreet, in one of his accounts, has an entry or 
order for "25 Wolf-hooks." 



38 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

In 1686 it was voted in the town meeting " that those that 
catch wolves in y^ towne of Andover shall have ten shillings 
for each wolfe to be paid by y^ towne." 

A valiant hunting feat of an Andover youth is recorded by 
Judge Sewall in his diary, 1680-81, February 3 : — 

" Newes is brought of Mr. Dean's ^ [Dane] Son Robinson his 
killing: a Lion with his axe at Andover." 

The " lion " was probably a bear, it being common then to 
use the word lion for any great wild beast of which the set- 
tlers stood in terror. Bear-hunting is described by Josselyn. 
As this was no small part of the work and " sport " of the 
Andover settlers, we are not turning aside from our main 
path to note it : — 

" Hunting with doggs they take a tree where they shoot them ; 
when he is fat he is excellent venison, which is in Acorn time and 
in Winter, but then there is none dares to attempt to kill him, 
but the Indian ; he makes his Den amongst thick bushes." 

Den Rock no doubt received its name from being one of 
the haunts of the bear (although in later times the place has 
gained, perhaps named by divinity students, a theological 
significance, and been called "Devil's Den"). Bear Hill, 
Bruin Hill, Wolfe-pit Meadow, Wild-catt Swamp, Deer Jump, 
Crane Meadow, Rattle-snake Hill, Woodchuck Hill, Scoonk 
Hole, — suggest the denizens of the woods and meadows, most 
of which have long ago disappeared ; and here a plea may be 
pardoned in behalf of the old significant and commemorative 
names. Plain and homely as they are, those already quoted, 
and others found on the ancient records, — Musquito Brook, 
Five-mile Pond, Great Pond, Dew Meadow, Heather Meadow, 
Rose Meadow, Flaggy Meadow, Rubbish Meadow, Half-moon 
Meadow, Rough Meadow, Ladle Meadow, Pudden-bridge 
Swamp, Falls Woods, Rockey Hill, Barn Plain, Rail Swamp, 
Cedar Swamp, Little-hope Brook, Roger's Brook, Rowell's 
Folly Brook, Job's Folly, Needless Bridge, Holt's Hill, Fos- 
ter's Pond, Hagget's Pond, Aslebe Hill, Marble Ridge, and 
many others, — shall they be supplanted by the trite and fla- 
vorless commonplaces which can be found in nearly every 

1 Dean Robinson (?) 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 39 

suburban town from Maine to Oregon ? Let us hold to our 
local names, those which are time- honored and have a mean- 
ing ; and in selecting new ones, almost anything, however de- 
void of elegance, which preserves a fact, is, we may venture to 
say, preferable to a merely pretty or fine-sounding title. In 
selecting names for streets, would it not be well to bear this 
in mind, and draw from our rich repository of local history, or 
have reference to some actual fact of natural history, or some- 
thing distinctive and characteristic, even though it be hum- 
ble ? "Pomp's Pond," ^ for instance, — who would make it 
romantic with a mellifluous name, and obliterate the memory 
of the old colored man, " Pompey Lovejoy " (servant of Capt- 
William Lovejoy), who had his cabin near it, and made 'lec- 
tion cake and beer for the delectation of voters' palates on 
town-meeting days ! This name is almost the only local re- 
minder that negro slavery was one of our early institutions, 
and that for more than a hundred years men and women were 
bought and sold in Andover. Almost in the earliest days of 
the town history (that is to say in its first quarter-century), 
negro slavery existed. In 1683, Jack, negro servant of Capt. 
Dudley Bradstreet, died. In 1696, " Stacy, y® servant of 
Maj. Dudley Bradstreet, a mullatoe born in his house," was 
drowned. In 1690, Lieut. John Osgood complained to the 
court at Salem, that he had been taxed for a servant boy 
("small as to his growth and strength, and in understanding 
almost a foole "),^ as much as though the boy were an able- 
bodied man. 

In 1730, the negro girl Candace was sold by her master, 
the Rev. John Barnard, to Mr. Benjamin Stevens, who seems 
to have owned several slaves. The following is the bill of 
sale : ^ — 

" Know all men by these presents that I John Barnard of Ando- 
ver in the County of Essex and Province of the Massachusetts 
Bay in New England Clerk, for and in Consideration of the sum 
of sixty pounds to me in hand paid or by bond secured by Ben- 

1 Formerly Ballard's Pond. 

2 Essex County Court Papers, vol. i., p. 14. 

3 The original, among the papers of Mr. Barnard's son, Rev. Thomas Bar- 
nard, of Salem, was preserved by his friend Col. Benjamin Pickman, among 
whose papers it was found by the Hon. George B. Loring, and by him contrib- 
uted to the Essex Institute Collection, 1865. 



40 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

jamin Stevens junior of Andover aforesaid, husbandman, Have 
given, granted, sold, conveyed and by these Presents do for myself 
and Heirs, give, grant, sell, convey and confirm unto Him the said 
Benjamin Stevens, his Heirs and Assignes forever a certain Negro- 
Girl named Candace, to Have and to Hold the said Negro-girl, to 
him the said Benjamin Stevens His Heirs and Assignees forever. 

Further. I the said John Barnard for myself, my Heirs, Exec- 
utors and Administrators do Covenant and Promise to and with 
the said Benjamin Stevens his Heirs, Executors, Administrators 
and Assignes that he the said Benjamin Stevens, his Heirs, Exec- 
utors, Administrators and Assignes shall legally and peacefully 
hold the s** Negro Girl forever and that He the s"* Barnard his 
Heirs, Executors & Administrators will warrant and Defend the 
sale of said Girl to s** Benjamin Stevens, his Heires and assignes 
against the lawful claims of all and every person whatsoever. In 
witness whereof I the said John Barnard have hereunto set my 
Hand and Seal this 14th day of December Anno Domini 1730 
and in the fourth year of his Majesty King George the Second. 

John Barnard (Seal) 
Sarah Barnard (Seal) " , 

The original bill of sale, or receipt for money paid for a 
negro girl, 1756, is among the papers preserved on the home- 
stead of George Abbot, Senior, now owned by Mr. John Ab- 
bot : — 

"Dunstable, &//^»/(5^r 10, 1756. 

"Received of Mr. John Abbot of Andover Fourteen pounds 
thirteen shillings, and seven pence, it being the full value of a ne- 
grow Garl named Dinah about five years of age of a Healthy, 
Sound Constitution, free from any Disease of Body and do hereby 
Deliver the same Girl to the said Abbot and promise to Defend 
him in the Improvement of her as his servant forever. 

Robert Blood. 

" Witness my hand — John Kimball 

Temple Kimball. 
"This day Oct. 25 (the new style) the within named Girl was 
five years old," 

Among the records of marriage is " Abraham & Dido ser- 
vants to Mr. James Bridges Oct. 31, I744-" 

Among the records of intentions of marriage is the fol- 
lowing : — 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 41 

"Oct. 4, 1755. The Intentions of Marige between Primas and 
Nan negrow servants to John Osgood Esqr. and Mr. Joseph Os- 
good were entered on record. Published and Certeficet Given." 

Although not strictly within the scope of this chapter, the 
sketch of .slavery may here be brought down to the time 
when it ceased to be legal in Massachusetts. It is not at- 
tempted to gather all the facts and details in regard to indi- 
vidual slaves (concerning the sales and transfers of some of 
whom accounts differ), but merely to present enough to show 
how prominent a feature of the town history slavery was. 

Some families kept several servants, and (as in the case of 
Mr. Bradstreet's household and James Bridges's, and as in 
the Southern States recently) their affairs, and the domestic 
events and concerns of their households, were of almost as 
much interest among their masters' families as in their own. 
But, tender as were the attachments sometimes formed be- 
tween the servant and the master, and kindly as many ser- 
vants were. treated through life, we have seen that even the 
minister sold Candace, and that the little five-year old Dinah 
changed masters, and was carried from her home in Dun- 
stable to a stranger's at Andover. So, too, when masters 
had ceased to need the services of their slaves they adver- 
tised them to the highest bidder. Witness the following 
from the "Essex Gazette," 1770 : — 

" To be sold by the subscriber cheap for cash or Good Security, 
a Healthy, Strong, Negro Boy, 20 years old last month, very in- 
genious in the farming business and can work in iron-work both 
at blowing and refining and as I am done with the Iron works I 
have more help than I need on my farm. James Frye. 

" Andover ^/r. 9, 1770." 

Not young men alone, but girls were offered for sale : — 

"To be Sold a Likely, Healthy Negro girl about 14 years old, 
Enquire of Mr. Thomas Bragg, Deputy Sheriff in Andover." 

"■September 8, 1770." 

Fugitive servants also were not unknown : — 

" Ran away from the subscriber on the 24th day of September a 
Man Servant about 19 years of age, named Isaac Mott. He had 
on when he went away a blue serge coat and a flowered flannel 



42 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

jacket and leather breeches. Whosover will take up the said run- 
away and bring him to me shall be well rewarded. 

Jonathan Abbot. 
" Andover Oct 10, 1770." 

The Rev. Samuel Phillips had several slaves. One of these, 
Cato, lived to the age of eighty-five (dying 185 1), and saw 
seven generations of his master's family. He was freed by 
the law in 1780, but stayed for some years in the service of his 
friends. He was a member of the North Church, uniting dur- 
ing the pastorate of Mr. Symmes. When he left his former 
master he wrote an address of farewell, which is creditable 
alike to his ability and to the labors of his protectors for 
his education. Many a white man in Andover could not 
compose so fair an epistle : — 

" Being about to remove from the family where I have for some 
time resided, would with the greatest respect I am capable of to 
the heads of each family respectively take my leave. I desire 
therefore to return my hearty & unfeigned thanks for your care 
over me, your kindness to me, also for your timely checks, your 
faithful reproofs, necessary correction, your wise counsel, season- 
able advice, for your endeavors being yet (or when) yet young & 
my mind tender to frame it in such a manner as to lay a founda- 
tion for my Present & future happiness ; and also by the blessing 
of Heaven I hope your endeavors have : nor will not be fruitless. 
Being unable to make a compensation either to the author (god) 
or instrument (yourself) of the advantages I have been favored 
with equal to them, I hope while in Life to Do all I can to pro- 
mote the glory of the former and the welfare of the latter. I hope : 
you not only having the name but the Disposition of Christians 
and wishing to have your own imperfections over looked will I 
trust do the same by me. Some of the family being now in the 
Decline of Life and according to the course of nature have but a 
few days to spend here will ere Long I trust be in the enjoyment 
of that felicity which will be a full compensation for your kindness 
to me & to others whose Departure hence by many that survived 
will be greatly missed ; but while you tabernacle in the flesh I 
would Beg you for a remembrance of me in your addresses to the 
throne of grace. 

" My present wish is that the Blessings of heaven may attend 
each family and all there Lawful undertakings also there children 
to the Latest generation. And I hope that I myself shall be with 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 43 

the rest enabled to Live in such a manner that I being made meet 
ma}' be admitted with you into that haven of rest where is no Dis- 
tinctions yours with respect. 

Cato, May 24/// 1789." 

A specimen of the correspondence of Pompey Lovejoy,^ 
and his friends, is the following letter (a copy from the origi- 
nal) : — 

"Boston September \6th 1779 

"Dear pompey — I am in a very poor state of health at present 
by a fall. I hurt myself very much I should take it as a grate 
favor if you would come down nex Weak and carry me to An- 
dover and by so doing yovi will oblidge me very much. My kind 
Love to all Inquiring Friends. No more at present but I remain 
your Sincere Friend Prince Proctor. 

" Please to embrace an opportunity Next weeke at the Furthest 
If you can Donte let Jenney know that I send you a letter." 

In 1795 a negro slave of Andover, Pomp (not the one of 
the pond), was hanged on the road between Ipswich and 
Rowley, Pingree's Plain, for murdering his master, Capt. 
Charles Furbush. This man had been subject to fits of in- 
sanity, and kept at times under guard ; but the community 
was shocked at the act and its circumstances of horror, and 
the negro was sentenced to the extreme penalty of the law. 

A tribute to the virtues of a faithful servant is among the 
epitaphs in the Old Burying Ground : — 

In Memory of 

Primus 

Who was a faithful 

Servant of Mr. 

Benjamin Stevens jr. 

Who died July 25, 1792 

Aged 72 }^ears, 5 months, 16 days. 

In the Old South Burying Ground is the grave of the last 
slave born in Andover, Rose Coburn, wife of Titus Coburn. 
She was daughter of Benjamin, a slave brought from the 
West Indies, and Phillis, brought from Africa at the age of 
ten years, a servant of Mr. Joshua Frye. The inscription on 
the gravestone is as follows : — 

1 "Pompey Lovejoy" had been a servant of Capt. William Lovejoy. He 
was the same for whom Pomp's Pond was named. 



44 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Here lies buried the body of 
Rose Coburn 
Who died Mar. 19 1859 aet 92 years 
She was born a slave in Andover and was the last survivor of all 
born here in that condition. 

A pension 7uas paid to her as the widow of a soldier of the Revolu- 
tion. 

She was a person of great honesty, veracity and intelligence and re- 
tained all her faculties in a singular degree to the last. 

Also her daughter Colley Hooper died aged 5<?, who died first, 
neither of them leaving any descendants. 

The difficulty of obtaining good hired servants in the col- 
ony was great ; the golden age of servicedom, even in 1656, 
lying behind. The Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, of Rowley, wrote 
to his brother pastor, the Rev. Zechariah Symmes, of Charles- 
town, the following lament over the indocility of American 
domestics : — 

" Much ado I have with my own family, hard to get a servant 
glad of catechising or family duties. I had a rare blessing of 
servants in Yorkshire and those I brought over were a blessing 
but the young brood doth much afflict me." 

A specimen of some of the Andover hired servants, and 
the " trials," of which they were literally a cause, is the fol- 
lowing : — 

" To THE Constable of Andover. You are hereby required to 

attach the body of John to answer such compt as shall be 

brought against him for stealing severall things as pigges, capons, 
mault, bacon, butter, eggs &c & for breaking open a seller doore 
in the night — several times Sz:c. 7th 3d month 166 1." ^ 

This man was a servant of Mr. Bradstreet. It seems from 
the evidence that he was in the habit of taking chickens, 
"capons," from his master, and making a fire in the lot be- 
hind the barn, roasting the fowls, and eating a part himself 
and carrying some to the house of Goodman Russ, who 
shared the plunder. But Goodwife Russ, for fear of detec- 
tion and punishment, seems to have betrayed them. She 
testified that once after John had brought victuals to her 

1 County Court Papers, vol. vi., p. 132. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 45 

house, — chickens, butter, malt, and other things, — she was 
up at Mr. Bradstreet's house, and learned that " the mayde 
had missed the things," and said her mistress would blame 
her and be very angry. So Goodwife Russ brought them 
back, and informed her husband and John what she had 
done. 

This John at one time killed and roasted a "great fatt 
pigg" in the lot, and he and a comrade, who confessed this 
in the court, ate most of the pig, and gave the rest of it " to 
the dogges." John proposed that they should steal also some 
flitches of bacon, and put one of the dogs in the room where 
the bacon was hung, and let him "knaw" some, to give the 
idea that the dog was the thief. He boasted of his exploits 
in theft with a former master, how " 2 or 3 fellowes " used to. 
let him down the chimney with a rope into a room where he 
could get " strong beare," and how he " stole a great fatt 
Turkey from his master Jackson ; that was fatted against 
his daughter's marriage & roasted it in the wood and ate 
it." 

In regard to his doings, Hannah Barnard "did testifye that 
being in my father's lott near Mr. Bradstreet's Barn did see 
John run after Mr. Bradstreet's fowls & throughing sticks 
& stones at them & into the barne." 

She said after a while peeping through a crack in the barn, 
she saw him throw out a capon which he had killed, and 
heard him call to Sam Martin to come ; but when he saw 
that John Bradstreet was with Martin, he ran and picked up 
the capon and hid it under a pear tree.^ 

The only extenuating evidence adduced was that of two per- 
sons who testified that they had heard Mr. Bradstreet say that 
John was one of the best servants to work that he ever had ; 
and of one witness who had worked in the same field with 
John when they carried their dinners. He gave as an excuse 
for and explanation of John's voracious appetite and craving 
for " capons, pigs, malt, cheese, butter, bacon," etc., that the 
food which was given him " was not fit for any man to eate," 
the bread was " black & heavy & soure." 

1 Within the memory of the writer a very large and evidently very old pear 
tree (the only one on the place) stood at the east of the present Bradstreet 
house. It died many years ago. 



46 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

But this servant's offences did not consist in stealing alone. 
He was malicious or mischievous in doing injury to his mas- 
ter's property, aiding and abetting the youth of the village in 
the pranks of foolish sport. Stephen Osgood confessed that 
one morning, about half an hour after daybreak, he and Tim- 
othy Stevens and John were passing Mr. Bradstreet's house, 
and made a movement to run Mr. Bradstreet's wheels down 
hill into the swamp, which they did; and also John "took 
a wheele off Mr. Bradstreet's tumbril and ran it down hill 
and got an old wheel from Goodman Barnards land & sett it 
on the tumbrill." 

Elizabeth Dane, the minister's daughter, deposed (her dep- 
osition taken by her father), that she "was milking ^ late in 
y® evening June 1661," and heard the voices of men and the 
sound of wheels ; these same rogues being at other capers. 

John was brought before the Court again for stealing, after 
he left Andover. 

Besides slaves and hired servants there were, under " mas- 
ters," " apprentices." Note that in the colonial days " serv- 
ant," not "help," was the term, the ideas of fraternity coming 
in with the Revolution. Their relations were scarcely less 
independent toward their employers than were the relations 
of the slave owned by him. They were not only bound for 
a term of years, but they were often practically sold, the in- 
dentures being transferred, although this was probably not 
without the consent of the parties making the indenture. 
Often, however, these were the selectmen of the town, ap- 
prenticing paupers, and caring comparatively little what be- 
came of them, so the town were relieved of their support. But 
often apprentices were of good connections, put to learn a 
trade, in which they might rise to competence or to affluence. 
One of the earliest apprentices found on record was Hope- 
still Tyler. There is a tradition that- his father. Job Tyler, 
was living at Andover when the settlers came here, as Black- 
stone lived at Boston, " monarch of all he surveyed," until the 
advent of the "lords brethren," as he said, put him to flight, 
as the rule of the " lords bishops " had driven him from the 

1 An accomplishment rare, it is safe to say, among the ministers' daughters of 
Andover now. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 4/ 

old country. Job Tyler had apprenticed his son Hopestill to 
Thomas Chandler, the blacksmith, 1658. But after the pa- 
pers were drawn up, he broke the bargain, got possession of 
the instrument of indenture, entering the house of Nathan 
Parker, (who wrote the paper, and had it hid in, as he sup- 
posed, a safe place,) and stealing it in the absence of the owner 
of the house. The matter was a cause of long controversy 
and several trials, — "Chandler vs. Tyler" and "Tyler vs. 
Chandler," extending over a period of more than ten years, 
and carried from court to court. One paper of interest, in 
connection with this, is a deposition of a witness in regard 
to the terms of the indenture, which it was said " Mr. Brad- 
street" saw, had perused, and judged "to be good and firme." 
In this the mutual obligations of master and apprentice are 
set forth : — 

"That the s*^ apprentice Hope Tiler should serve the said 
Thomas Chandler faithfully for nine years and a half after the 
manner of an apprentice, that the master, the said Chandler should 
teach him the trade of a blacksmith so farr as he was capable to 
learne, and to teach him to read the Bible & to write so as to 
be able to keepe a book, so as to serve his turne for his trade and 
to allow unto the s*^ apprentice convenient meat & drinke, wash- 
ing, lodging and clothes." 

Job Tyler paid dear for his hard words against a man of so 
great influence as Thomas Chandler, who afterward became 
one of the town's deputies to the General Court, and who was 
one of the principal citizens in point of wealth, in the little 
community of husbandmen and artisans : — 

" 1665 A case in difference between Thomas Chandler of An- 
devour & Job Tiler having formerly been entered in Salem Court 
in an action of defamation being withdrawne & reference made 
as appears by their bond to that purpose to Colonel Browne, Ed- 
ward Denison «Sj Captain Johnson of Roxbury .... they not 
agreeing, wee the aforesaid Captain Johnson & Edward Denison 
doe give in our award as followeth : [Job Tyler, being poor, they 
judge he should not be fined above six pounds.] ' We doe order 
that Job Tiler shall nayle up or fasten upon the posts of Andivour 
' & Roxbur}'^ meeting-houses in a plaine leadgable hand, the acknowl- 

^ He seems to have removed to Roxbury about 1661. 



48 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

edgment to remain so fastened to the posts aforementioned for the 
space of fourteen days, it to be fastened within the fourteen days 
at Andevour & tomorrow being the twenty-seventh of January '65 

at Roxbury Tlie Confession and acknowledgment ordered 

by us for Job Tiler to make & poste as is above expressed is as 

followeth. Whereas it doth apeare by sufficient testimony that I 

yob Tiler have shamefully reproached Thomas Chandler of Andevour 
by saying he is a base lying, cozening, cheating knave ^2^' that he hath 
got his estate by cozening in a base reviling manner &> that he was 
recorded for a Iyer 6- that he was a cheating, lying whoring knave fit 
for all manner of bawdery, wishing the devill had him. Therefore I 
yob Tiler doe acknowledge that I have in these expressions tnost wick- 
edly slandered the said Ihomas Chandler 6^ that without any just 
ground, being noe rvay able to make good these or any of these my 
sla?iderous accusations of him 6^ therefore can doe fioe lesse but expresse 
myselfe to be sorry for them &' for my cursing of him desiring God 
<5t» the said Thomas to forgive me d>» that noe person would think the 
worse of the said Thomas ChaJidler for any of these my sififull ex- 
pressions And engaging myself for the future to be more carefull 
of my expressions both concerning him &' otherwise desiring the lord 
to help 7nc so to doe. 

Isaac Johnson. 

Edward Denison." 

Job Tyler brought suit against Chandler, and was allowed 
to sue in "fonna pauperis^' he having no means of paying 
charges ; but although the suit was one of special interest, 
and is quoted in the judicial histories, it is not further perti- 
nent to this narrative. 

The apprentice, Hopestill, learned the trade of a black- 
smith, and in 1687 the town granted him "liberty to" set up 
a " shop in y^ streete near his house." 

A case ^ of the sale of indentured apprentices occurs be- 
tween Tjiomas Chandler and William Curtis, of Salem. The 
apprentice refused to stay with his new master : — 

" The Complaint of William Curtis to the honered Cort .... 

humbly sheweth May it please your honors to take notice 

that about 22 months since, 1 bought a sarvant of Thomas Chand- 
ler of Andover, Jacob Presson by name My sarvant con- 
tinued with me about eleven months, my family at that time being 

1 County Court Papers, vol. xxv. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 49 

very sick and Jacob not being well I gave him leave and lent him 
a horse to go to Andover to be a while amongst his friends, but 
being taken sick by the way at his Brothers there he lay for some 
time ; after he recovered he went to Andover to his father Holt's 
where I was willing he should be awhile but in the beginning of 
the last winter I sent for my man to com home and he came 
hom." .... 

He made an excuse to go for some corn again, and, instead 
of returning, he sent back the horse and stayed away himself. 
He seems to have had a rather unhappy apprenticeship ; for 
after his transfer of masters, and his being compelled, as he 
was, by order of the Court, to serve out his time with Wil- 
liam Curtis, he presents a petition to the court for the clothes 
promised him, saying that the said Curtis, of Salem, whom 
he was appointed by the Court, 1670, to serve, refused at the 
end of the time to fulfil the terms of the indenture, " in the 
matter of dubble apparel," .... and that the " poor peti- 
tioner prays for redress, .... for he is indeed come out 
of his tyme very poore & hath not wherewithal! to goe to 
Law to recover his right." 

This petition is made '" fforma pauperis y 
The following is a copy of the indenture : ^ — 

" This Indenture made and concluded this twenty day of May 
in the yeare of y^ Lord God one thousand six hundred seventy and 
one & in the three & twentieth year of the reign of y* soveraigne 
Lord Charles the Second by the Grace of God of England, Scot- 
land, France & Ireland, king, Defender of the Faith &c, Between 
Ensigne Thomas Chandler of the towne of Merrimack in the 
County of Essex in New England Blacksmith on y" one part and 
Jacob Preston of Andover - with the full and free consent of 
Nicolas Holt of Andover - aforesaid, his Father-in-law by the 
marriage of his Mother and also with the full consent of his said 
Naturall mother hath and doth by these presents bind himselfe an 
apprentice to y^ said Thomas seven years to be compleated and 
ended accounting from the twenty-sixth day of March last past 
untill the said sev^en years next & immediately ensuing the said 
26th of March 167 1 shall be fully expired. During which time of 
seven yeares the said Jacob shall behave & demeane himself dur- 

1 County Court Papers, vol. xxx., p. 43. 

2 There was evidently a misplacement of the names of the towns in the writing. 

4 



50 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ing his s*^ apprenticeship as an apprentice or servant ought for to 
doe according to the usual! & lawdable customs of England in the 
like cases. During wh time also of seven yeares, the above named 
Thomas, Master unto y* s"^ Jacob, is hereby obliged & stands bound 
at his owne costs & charges to provide & procure for his said ser- 
vant, meat, drink, cloathing, washing, and lodging with all other 
things convenient, necessary & sufficient for an apprentice as is 
usuall in England. And the said Chandler is also to learne or 
cause his s** Apprentice to be learnt to read y^ English tongue per- 
fectly to write & cypher or cast & keepe accounts sufficiently for 
his owne employment of a Blacksmith, if his capacities will attaine 
thereunto. And the %^ Thomas is also hereby obliged according 
to his owne best skill & abilitie to learne and instruct the s** 
Jacob in the trade & art of a Blacksmith, if the s"^ Jacpb be 
capable of learning the same, and he shall keepe his said servant 
Jacob at worke upon the s*^ trade as much as may be without dam- 
age to other necessary occasions that may fall out unavoidably to 
be done in a family ; that so for want of time & use & instruction, 
y* said Jacob may have no just ground to complaine of his owne 
want of experience or profitting under his s*^ Master in y* s^ Trade 
of a Blacksmith. Alsoe y* s** Thomas when the s"* seaven yeares 
are expired shall give the s*^ Jacob two suits of Apparell from head 
to foot, suitable for a person of his degree, one good & hansom 
and suitable to weare on y'' Sabbath dayes, & the other convenient 
for y^ week days. The said Thomas doth bind himselfe, heires, 
executors, & administrators to' the s*^ Jacob his heires, & assignes 
to fulfill the articles herein conteined belonging to him to doe for 
the s*^ servant. In witnesse whereunto y* s*^ parties Thomas & 
Jacob as they are severally concerned in this instrument & the 
articles of the same have hereunto interchangeably sett their hands 
& scales. 

" Signed sealed & interchange- Thomas Chandler 

ably delivered before ^ The Mark of 

i, , , Jacob + Preston 

George Abbot Jr j . 

Alexander Sessions. 

Edmond Bridges was another apprentice in Andover, at an 
early date. In 1656 he was presented before the Court for 
sundry offences. Among his misdemeanors was "lying, — 
saying he had got an hundred railes for Shawshin Bridge 
whereas it proved but 23 or thereabouts ; " also the chief 
charge was his procuring money on pretence that it was by 
order of his father. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 5 I 

Another relic of an apprentice's service is the following, 
found among the papers handed down from the master, Mr. 
Ephraim Abbot. The original documents are now before 
the writer of this narrative ; the painful autograph attesting 
the truth of the servant's statement in regard to his lack of 
learning: — 

(Paper N" I ) — "This Indenture witnesseth that Arthur Gary 
of Boxford in the County of Essex in New England hath put & 
doth Bind his Son John Gary apprentice to Jeremiah Hunt of 
Billerica in the County of Midd^ husbandman and with him, his 
heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, after the manner of an 
apprentice to serve from the day of the date hereof during the 
term of eleven years & nine months to be compleated & ended 
next ensuing. During all which time the said apprentice, his said 
Master shall faithfully serve, his secrets keep, his lawful com- 
mands gladly every where obey ; he shall not wast his master's 
goods nor lend them unlawfully to any; he shall not commit for- 
nication nor contract matrimony within said term ; at cards or dice 
he shall not play or any other unlawful game whereby his said 
master may be damaged, he shal not absent himself by day or by 
night from his master's service without leave, but in all things be- 
have himself as a faithful apprentice ought to do toward his said 
master & during all his said term ; and the said Jeremiah Hunt 
the said master for himself his heirs, executors, administrators or 
assignes doth hereby covenant promise to teach & Instruct the 
said apprentice to Read & write and cipher, well by the best way 
or means he or they can, Finding to the said apprentice good & 
sufficient meat, drink, apparel, washing. Lodging and all other 
necessaries both in sickness & health during the said term, and at 
the expiration thereof to give unto the said apprentice ten pounds 
currant money of the aforesaid Province and two good suits of ap- 
parel for all parts of his body ; both lining & woolen sutable for 
such an apprentice. In witness whereof the parties to these pres- 
ents have hereunto Interchangeably set their hands & the thir- 
teenth day of December 17 14 and in the first year of the Reign of 
our Sovereign Lord George King of England, Signed, Sealed & 
delivered " [There is no signature, but the paper is labelled " Ar- 
thur Gary's Indenture."] 

Filed with the above is a paper written after the apprentice 
had served his time, he having meanwhile been transferred 



52 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

to Mr. Ephraim Abbot, of Andover, whom he seems to have 
been well pleased with as a master, if the formal paper to 
which his signature is affixed is any indication of his actual 
sentiment. 

(Paper 2.) "These may certifye all Persons whomsoever it may 
concern that I John Gary son of After [sic] Gary formerly living 
in y* Town of Boxford being Bound by my father unto Jeremiah 
Hunt of y* Town of Billerlca in y*^ Gounty of Middlesex in New 
England to him, his heirs, executors, administrators and assignes 
to serve eleven j^ears and nine months by an Indenture bearing 
Date December y"^ thirteenth 17 14 and Gontinuing with him some 
part of the Term of time it pleased my Master Hunt at my Re- 
quest to assign my Indenture to Ephraim Abbot of y"' Towne of 
Andover in Gounty of Essex in New England oblidging him to 
fuUfil my Indenture to me and I having continued with my mas- 
ter Abbot y* terme of time and being now free by my Indenture, 
my said Master Abbot has accordingly fulfilled my Indenture to 
me and every article thereof to my content and satisfaction al- 
though through my backwardness and incapacity I have not 
Earned to Read Wright and cypher as might be desired, though 
great pains has been taken with me by my abovesaid masters yet 
my above^'' master Ephraim Abbot has been so kind to me as to 
make it up to me in other things to my content and satisfaction, 
and I doe by these Presents fully, clearly, and freely acquit and 
discharge my above^*^ masters Jeremiah Hunt and Ephraim Abbot 
of all that they were obliged to do for me by my above**^ Inden- 
ture and every article herein contained. In witness and Testi- 
mony hereof I have hereunto set my hand, This fifteenth day of 
September Anno Dom 1726. John Gary. 

" Witness Jonathan Abbot 
Daniel Mooar. 

" I John Gary above signing being informed that I was not 
Twenty one years old when I signed this above acquittance it be- 
ing Scrupled by some whether it be sufficient to acquit my above'*'* 
master Jeremiah Hunt I do now being of full age acquit and dis- 
charge my above^*^ master Jeremiah Hunt from and of my above^'' 
Indenture having Rec'^.the full of my Indenture of my above''' 
master Ephraim Abbot as in the above written acquittance. In 
wittness hereof I have set my hand this 24 day of December 1726 

John Gary. 

" William Ghandler ) . „ 

T T-v r witness 

John Dunlap ) 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 53 

The same formal "indentures" were made to bind girls to 
service. An indenture is now at hand, dated 1771, between 
Samuel Pettengill, of Wilton, N. H., and Job Foster, of An- 
dover, and Hannah his wife, whereby a child named Hannah 
Silver, daughter of Samuel Silver, was bound by the said Pet- 
tengill, who had taken the girl from the overseers of the poor 
of Andover. She was to be bound till she was eighteen, and 
to be provided when she should leave with two suits of ap- 
parel. She was also to " be learned to read " (nothing said 
about writing or ciphering, as in case of the boy). 

A day-laborer or hired man of considerable notoriety in 
Andover and vicinity was one John Godfrey. He worked at 
odd jobs of various sorts, as herdsman, and at "carpenter- 
ing," etc., and ultimately acquired considerable property. He 
is mentioned as living in various places, — Haverhill, New- 
bury, Andover ; but about 1648 he became identified with 
Andover, so that the town may claim the dis\\oxiQx of his 
name. It occurs more times on the county records, as plain- 
tiff or defendant (it is perhaps safe to say), than the name of 
any other resident. Indeed, he is said ^ to have had more 
lawsuits than any other man in the colony. He is famous as 
the hero of the first important trial for witchcraft in Essex 
County, thirty-four years before the Salem delusion. He 
was noted for feats of strength, sleight of hand, and tricks of 
all sorts, and his boastfulness exceeded his power and cun- 
ning, while his quarrelsomeness was proverbial. Getting into 
a dispute with persons at Haverhill who owed him money, he 
threatened them, and threw out dark hints of judgments to 
fall upon their heads. They and their friends, either in ven- 
geance or in terror, petitioned the court for his arrest on 
charge of witchcraft, representing that they had suffered losses 
in their persons and estates "which came not from any nat- 
ural causes, but from some il disposed person ; they afirme 
that this person is John Godfrey resident at Andover or else- 
where at his pleasure." ^ 

The most extraordinary things were told which persons 

^ Upham's Salem Witchcraft. 

* Essex County Court Papers, vol. iv. Also, Upham's Saletn Witcluraft ; 
Drake's Annals. 



54 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

afflicted by Godfrey had seen and heard and suffered. The 
devil in various shapes had appeared ; grinning devils, in the 
shape of bears, had terrified them ; a bird had come to suck 
the wife of Job Tyler, of Andover, and she and others had 
fallen into strange fits and sickness. 

The Rev. Mr. Dane used his influence in favor of the ac- 
cused, and expressed his disbelief in such spiritual manifes- 
tations and witchcraft. Godfrey was acquitted, and soon 
he had a suit (for slander and defamation) before the court 
against his accusers. But to follow him from court to court 
would be tedious and profitless. 

If the importance of the subject justified the outlay of time 
and pains, it would doubtless be possible to ascertain with 
certainty whether this John Godfrey was the same named in 
the following paper. That he was seems probable, as there 
is no record of any other person of the name in Andover : — 

" This Indenture ^ made the third day of July anno Domini 1670 
witnesseth y* John Godfrey of Andover in the county of Essex, 
planter,^ in New England, being of good & perfect mynd & with- 
out fraud or deceit, divers valuable considerations him moving 
thereunto, wherewith the s'' Godfrey doth acknowledge himselfe 
fully satisfied hath given granted .... unto Benjamin Thomson 
of Boston in the county of Sufifolke in New England School master 
all and singular my goods, chattels, implements, debts, bonds, 
bills, speshalties, sums of money lands, houses, clothings, whatso- 
ever as well as moveables or immoveables of what kind .... so- 
ever they be .... my estate as well this side as beyond seas 
.... to have and to hold .... to enter into possession thereof 
immediately after the s*^ Godfrey's decease, without any reckon- 
ing to be made or answer to any in his name 

John Godfrey, his marke " 

After the settlers, or " planters," had laid out the town and 
established their homes, and provided the means for religious 
culture and education (which are elsewhere spoken of in full), 
their first care was the making and improving of roads for 
access to the older towns ; this being essential to the com- 
fort and safety of the new plantation. In 1647, persons were 

1 Essex Registry of Deeds, " Ipswich," Book IV., p. 8. 

2 Planter was the word used by the colonists, equivalent to settler. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 55 

appointed by the General Court to lay out the " way from 
Reading to Andover ;" among them Nicholas Hoult, of An- 
dover ; John Osgood and Thomas Hale were to lay out " the 
road from Andivir to Haverhill," also to " viewe y® river (Ips- 
wich River) & make returne to yVCorte of y*' necessity & 
charge of a bridge." Some persons had offered to make a 
bridge and keep it in repair, provided that the General Court 
would grant them lands in the neighborhood of the river. 
Action was taken by the Court the next year in regard to this 
matter of the road and bridge. " For want of a bridge," ^ 
it was said, " over Ipswich river about 4 miles from Rowley 
especially in winter and at the springe when the waters are 
high, some travellers have been in great danger of drown- 
inge, it being the common road to Andivver and Haverhill, 
the nearest way from the Bay by many miles to the East- 
ward." It was granted to Captain Keane^ and others, to lay 
out the lands asked for in the place " whereabouts the bridge 
is to be built." 

It is not to be inferred that there were bridges over the 
large rivers, or even over most of the smaller ones. Fording 
was the custom at the large rivers and at the smaller ones, 
except where bridges could be readily constructed. 

At a later day ferries were established. 

In 1653 the laying out of roads again came up before the 
General Court, and a committee presented the following re- 
port : — 

" Whereas, by order from the Generall Court these fower towns, 
Ipswich, Newbury, Rowley & Andover should chose men to lay 
out the common highwayes for the county, from town to town, we 
whose names are hereunto subscribed being thereunto appoynted 
have accordingly done it, beginninge at the South end of Andover 
continuing it in the cartway neere half a mile unto a hill at the foot 
of the Hill called Bare hill as it is marked with trees, then cominge 
into the beaten way which leadeth over a playne belonging to 
Rowley, so leading on the South west of a pond called Five mile 
pond & then continuing the cartway unto a pond called Mr. 
Baker's pond, leaving the pond on the South & so passing a little 

1 Mass. Colony Records. 

2 First Captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston. 
He married a sister of Mrs. Anne Dudley Bradstreet. 



56 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

strip of nieddow & so on the cart way to Mr. Winthrop's playne & 
so still following the cartway on the South Side of Capt. Turner's 
hill & from thence the beaten way to Ipswich. 

" Now half a mile short of the Five mile pond from Andover be- 
o-ines the way to Rowley & Newbury goinge on the beaten way of 
the south Side of the Bald Hills & continuinge the beaten way 
until it come to the uppermost Falls River then by marked trees 
leadinge into the cart path leadinge from Haverhill to Rowley & 
so on to a new field of Roweleys & from Andevour to Newbury 
goes on the old cart-way leaving Rowley-way at the beginning of a 
playne by a little swamp called Berberry Swampe & so on the old 
way to the Falls River & from thence straight upon the north side 
of Mr. Shewells high field as still doth appeare by marked trees, 
from thence keeping the old cart-way on the head of Cart Creeke 
& so running on the north side of Richard Hodges field as it is 
now fenced &: so to John Halls bridge & so over the end of John 
Halls playne unto Mr. Woodman's bridge neere the mill at New- 
bury. Witness o' hands 

Richard Barker James How 
Thomas Holt John Pickard." 

There were frequent changes and laying out of better and 
shorter ways, the roads not being much more than rough 
wood paths. They are often called by this name, the " path 
to Newbury," the " path to Oburne." 

The following is "a petition," in 1671, of the town of 
Salem,^ complaining of the road to Andover : — 

" To the Honored Generall Court no7V Assembled at Boston, the 
humble petition of the Selectmen of Salem. 

" These may inform your Honers that their hath been for som 
years A Country Highway Laying out between Salem and An- 
dovar the which of late is Layd out And we cannot but Judge very 
unequall with Respect to the Towne of Salem and prejudiciall to 
the Country, and we have long thought and spok with our neigh- 
bors of Andevour about finding A better way, but by Reason of 
Unseasonable Rains this two last Summers have been prevented 
of what we Intended and since by the Court of Salem, the town 
has been fined five pounds and is like to be fined live or ten 
pounds more Although we have now found a way by much shorter 
and so much better that will not cost a fourth part of the charge 
to mak it passable, as the way that was first layd out, having as 
1 County Ccnirt Papers, vol. xiv. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. S7 

we Consider about a Inindred rodd of meadow & Swamp in not 
much more than two myles «& some of it very deep — Sec " (peti- 
tioning to be allowed to lay out the "new way" which they had 
found)." 

Imagination pictures those ancient road-makers in their 
lonely journeys through the forests, exposed to perils of wild 
beasts and of hostile Indians, who lurked about to steal, if 
not to kill. In these modern days a "ride through the 
woods " suggests something pleasant and refreshing, but 
when great unbroken forests extended all around, hemming 
in and cutting off from friendly neighbor the little commu- 
nities, the woods were viewed with feelings of quite a differ- 
ent sort ; to clear the timber and make roads were then of 
prime importance. 

The people of Andover did not like " the newe waye " 
to Salem, and in turn presented^ their grievances to the 
Court : — 

" To ye Hon^ Court now sitting att Salem this 26th of June 
1688, the petition of y*" Selectmen of Andover in behalf of s"^ 
Town humbly sheweth : That whereas y^ law of y* Country allows 
us y* nearest and best way to every town and we being att present 
destitute of a way to Salem which is y* nearest Market Towne, 
there having been a way formerly lay*^ out by Wills Hill '^ but 
again altered by a Committee to y*" great damage and inconven- 
ience of us y^ inhabitants of Andover : it being almost impossible 
with a cart (which instrument inland Towns must make use of for 
Transportation) and y" former way being both nearer (as we have 
proved by measure) & far better and little charge in making of it 
good : Each ptickler of which Capt. Osgood, (whome we have ap- 
pointed to attend this Honered Court in y* prosecution of s"^ way) 
will further make appear our humble request to this Hon'' Court 
is that y*^ s*^ old way may be settled & started that y' Honors' hum- 
ble petitioners may not be burthened any longer with such rocky 
impassable ways as indanger y** lives & limbs of o''selves & 
beasts." 

The river Merrimack furnished facilities for Andover's 
communication with the towns along its course, and was 
made use of as early as 1674, between Bradford and New- 

^ County Court Papers, vol. xxxix., p. 144. 
2 In Middleton. 



58 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

bury. At that time the bark Adventure ran up river, and 
Mr. Dudley Bradstreet, of Andover, sent for goods, to be 
delivered at Griffin's Tavern, Bradford. Failing to receive 
them, he served an attachment ^ on the boatman : — 

, . . . " You are required in his majesty's name to attach y* 
body and goods of Edward Richardson jun. y^ boatman & take 
bond of him to y" value of two hundred pounds with sufficient 
suretie or sureties for his appearance at y^ next County Court to 
be holden at Salem upon y'' last Tuesday in June next, then and 
there to answer to the complaint of Dudley Bradstreet of Andover 
in an action of the case for not delivering of severall goods re- 
ceived on board y^ barke Adventure according to receipt under y^ 
s^ Richardsons hand, bearing date Nov. y*^ 21 1673, which goods 
were received upon freight & to be delivered at y^ house of John 
Griffin at Bradford as by y^ said receipt will appear & for all just 
damage and soe make a true returne Under y*' hand. 

" By the Cort. Dudley Bradstreet. 

" Dated ye 14 Aprill 1674." 

There were also vessels built and launched on the Merri- 
mack at Andover. Major John March, of Newbury, an en- 
terprising capitalist, and also prominent in military service, 
undertook the experiment at first : — 

(Andover, town-meeting — 1697.) "Granted libertie to Maj. 
John March of Newbury to take what timber is convenient for y' 
building of two vessels not exceeding fifty tons apiece, provided he 
build such vessels in Andover and to use noe timber that is fitt for 
y" building of houses or making of posts .... what timber is to 
be felled and carted for s^ vessels, Andover men shall have y' ben- 
efit of, provided they will work with themselves & teems as reason- 
ably as in other places they doe." 

In 171 1 Major, then Colonel, March is again granted "en- 
couragement." 

" Voted & passed that Coll. John March shall have libertie of 
tr}dngthe experiment of building a sloop in some convenient place 
for launching into Merrimack River and to have the benefit of 
what timber can be found already felled, and also if need be to 
supply him with the liberty of cutting half a dozen sticks for some 
choyse use for the vessel if Timber for such use cannot be found 
already felled." 

1 Essex County Court Papers, vol. xxii., p . 30. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 59 

Colonel March was called into active service in the Indian 
wars, and did not carry out his plan of ship-building, and the 
management of it was intrusted to an Andover man. 

" Voted Liberty to Lieut John Aslebe to make use of the Tim- 
ber which was voted for Coll. John March to build a sloop in An- 
dover of about 40 Tons and to cutt off from the common what is. 
still wanted to make it fitt for launching. This former vote not 
rightly understood in the entry and rectifyed as follows : 

" Granted liberty to Lieut J"° Aslebe to cutt what timber is nec- 
essary for the Building of a vessel of about 40 tons." 

In 171 5 (perhaps earlier), there was a ferry between An- 
dover and Haverhill. 1 

"March 1715 — Robert Swan of Haverhill- moving to this 
Court for liberty to keepe a ferry over Merrimack river having 
procured y^ approbation of y*" Selectmen of Haverhill & Andover 
in favour thereof Ordered that y* Said Robert Swan hath liberty 
& is hereby licensed to keep a ferry over Merrimack river nigh 
his house & from this time till further order of the Court to keep 
a good Classe boat for y*" Transporting y* king's subjects & their 
horses as need may require safely, he observing therein y'^ Lawes 
of this province referring to Ferries. 

V fare allowed by this court is as followeth. 

for man, or woman or children 2d 

for horse ......... 4^/ 

for other creatures in proportion " 

In 1735, Daniel Bodwell, of Methuen, had a ferry across 
the Merrimack, and made the following agreement with the 
selectmen of Andover to carry passengers : — 

" Articles of Agreement between Lieut Daniel! Bodwell of Met /men. 
In His Majesty's Province of the Massachusetts Bay in Ahw Eng- 
land Gentleman on y" one part &> Capt. Timothy Johnson, Capt. 
John Chandler, 6^ Lieut. William Lovejoy. Selectmen for the Town 
of Andover on the other part. 

" Whereas the s'' Lieut. Bodwell hath a Ferry over Merrimack 
River against the Land of Mr. John Poor ; I the said Lieut. Bod- 
well Do hereby oblige myself my Heires and assignes to carry 
over s*^ Ferry any of the Inhabitants of Andover as Followeth 

1 Now Methuen, or Lawrence. 

2 The Swans attended church at Andover North Parish, and were assessed 
there. 



6o HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

(viz.) one person for a penny, a man and his horse for four pence 
& for other creatures as I carry them for our town." 

Swan's ferry was also running at the same time, a com- 
mittee being chosen by the town of Andover, in 1734, to 
discourse the ferry men, namely Swans ferrymen and Bod- 
wells ferrymen to see whie Andover people may not pass s*^^ 
ferrys over to Methuen at the same price as Methuen peo- 
ple doth pass the ferries & Bring the terms of the s*^ Ferry- 
men to Andover." 

" The terms " were explained as in the agreement. 

Not only were the travelling facilities, roads, paths, ferries, 
etc., a subject of frequent town action, but boundaries be- 
tween towns were a fruitful source of discussion and of liti- 
gation. The amount of perambulating, or " pre-ambulating " 
(as the vernacular phrases it) on record is fatiguing even to 
read of. The lines run by " marked trees, stakes and stones," 
by each set of surveyors, seem to have been different from 
those run by their predecessors in office: — 

"2""^ March 1670. Whereas there is now a difference betweeti our 
towne and the towiie of JVoburn, conserning the bounds between 
them and us, the towne hath given full power to the Selectmen to 
order and prosecute all measures whether by Law or otherwise to 
the ending all such differences and all charges to be borne by the 
Towne." 

The following pathetic appeal indicates the distress and 
perplexity of the perambulators : — 

"To VE Selectmen of Billerica : Loving friends and neigh- 
bors we have bine of late under such surcomstances that we could 
not tell whether wee had any bounds or no between our towne, but 
now we begine to think we have — this therefore are to desier you 
to send some men to meet with ours upon the third munday of y^ 
next month by nine a'clock in y*" morning, if it be a faire day, if 
not the next drie day and so to run one both side of the river and 
to meet at the vesil place and the west side of y® river. 

" Anduver, March the 21 : i6f§ 

Thomas Chandler in ye 7iame 
and by the order of y"" Selectmen." 

But one of the earliest and also one of the most interesting 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 6 1 

records of a contention about the bounds of the adjacent 
towns, is a petition ^ of the town of Andover, in 1658, in re- 
gard to the encroachments of the towns of Billerica and 
Reading. The incidental allusions to the founders of the 
plantation, their aims and motives, and their discourage- 
ments, also the autograph signatures of the proprietors at 
that early period, make this manuscript one of special in- 
terest among those of the archives : — 

"To THE HONERD GENERAL CoURT NOW ASSEMBLED AT BoSTON, 

"The humble petition of the Towne of Andover Humbly shew. 
eth that the Inhabitants of this place ware incouraged to set 
downe here in a remote upland plantation farre from Neighbores 
and destitute of other conveniences that many other townes enjoy, 
not only out of general persuasion and assurance to obtayne such 
priviledges and accommodations as the Court doth ordinarily grant 
to y'^ like plantations and as the place would permit, but especially 
by a particular provision this honored Court was pleased to make 
that the great and large graunt to the Towne of Cambridge ex- 
tending more than Twenty miles in length should not prejudice 
this plantation, yet so it falls out Much Honoured that the Inhab- 
itants of Bilricay who through the favour and large grant of lands 
by this Court hath obtained the interest belonging to Cambridge 
doe notwithstanding presse so hard (and as we conceive) unrea- 
sonably upon us as not only to deprive us of that which we have 
purchased of the Indians, w'h the consent and approbation of this 
Honored Court but also to take away part of our Meddow wh we 
have mowed these several yeares (of which they have little need) 
to the great prejudice, if not utter undoing, of some of our Inhab- 
itants who know not whither to remove nor can this poor place 
(straightened for want of meadow more than most plantations) sup- 
ply them w'^ more. We are therefore necessitated (though other- 
wise most unwilling to interrupt your more weighty occasions) to 
implore your just favour for reliefe, that by yourselves, or such as 
you shall please to appoint, our case may be heard & determined ; 
and whereas the Inhabitants of Redding hath runne their North- 
erly lynes and marked trees for their bounds a mile or more within 
the limits granted to us by this Court our humble desire is that 
this honoured Court will be pleased likewise to Issue that differ- 

^ Mass, Archives, vol. cxii., p. 99. 



62 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ence also according to equity and the trew interest of the several 

respective graunts, and we shall humbly pray : — 

"Francis Dane Edmond ffaulkner 

George Abbot Thomas Johnson 

Thomas Chandler Henry Ingals 

Daniel Pore Richard Barker 

John Aslet ■ John Stevens 

William Ballard Joseph Parker 

John Lovejoy nikles hoult 

John Osgood John ffrie 

George Abbot 

" 20th May 1658." 

The Court granted this petition of Andover men so far as 
to confirm their right to thirty acres of meadow on the Shaw- 
shin River, which was claimed by Billerica. But the disputes, 
as we see, after more than twenty years, had not come to an 
end, — the Billerica people pressing their claims and making 
encroachments so often that, between the resistants and the 
claimants, pro and con, the puzzled perambulators might well 
say they " could not tell whether wee have any bounds or 

not." ■ 

When the town of Wilmington was laid out, the original 
bounds of Andover, Woburn, and Billerica again became a 
subject of dispute, and a controversy ensued between Wil- 
mington and Andover which lasted above ten years, peram- 
bulation after perambulation being made, and the committees 
of the towns being unable to agree ; Wilmington perambula- 
tors and Andover perambulators proceeding for a certain 
distance amicably and then separating in contention, — as 
for example : — 

"Oct. 7th 1734 Then the Committy of Andover and Wilmington 
meet in order to preambulate the Line between Andover and Wil- 
mington and Andover, and wee meet at Reading corner so called, 
whare according to the General Court Grant, Wilmington Begun 
with Andover ; and the Commity of Andover Refused to preambu- 
late with Wilmington Comitty unless thay would preambulate with 
them to a pine called Sutten's pine, which pine stands as we judg 
half a mile Downe upone Bildrica Line; and upone Andover 
Commitys Refusing to preambulate the Line, wee the Comitty of 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 63 

Wilmington offered to preambulate the Line with them so far as 
wee Joyned iipone them untill wee come to Bildrica Line." 

[Signed by Wihnington perambulators.] 

A tract of land long in dispute, not only by Andover claim- 
ants, but by the town of Charlestovvn and by Woburn citi- 
zens, was called the Land of Nod. It lay remote from vil- 
lages, in a sort of wilderness region, which probably suggested 
to our Scripture-reading forefathers the place described as 
the refuge of the outcast Cain, and therefore gained its name 
of " Nod." A parcel of meadow in it was owned by John, 
Joseph, and Ephraim Abbot, of Andover, " Beaver-dam 
Meadow," but was claimed by Thomas Rich, of Reading, as 
being included in a purchase made by him from the town of 
Charlestown, of some two hundred and thirty acres of land 
in Woburn, it being the interest ^ of the town of Charles- 
town in the " Land of Nod." The Abbot brothers made a 
compromise and agreement with the purchaser, and relin- 
quished their claim to him. but some citizens of Woburn were 
not so easily satisfied that the town of Charlestown had a 
right to dispose of this territory, and the " Land of Nod " 
became famous in the annals of that period's litigation. 

The colonial boundaries and claims engaged the attention 
of Andover citizens in town meeting assembled, — the great 
dispute about the Mason and Gorges claims to the settle- 
ments in Maine and New Hampshire : — 

" March 5th 1682 Capt. Bradstreet was chosen to goe to Ipswich 
y^ first day of Ipswich Court, there to consult with & hear what 
y* Gentlemen of y'' several! townes betwixt Naumkeake & Merri- 
mack that are to meet there about Mr. Masons claims have to 
make report to y^ same." 

The claim of Mason extended to Salem, but, as appeared, 
without valid title. 

The grants of land within the town were also a subject of 
discussion and difficulty, the indiscriminate giving out of 
lands being opposed by the more prudent. In 1674 the town 
took the following action on the subject : — 

" Whereas there is a greate controversie in ye towne about giving 
1 The original deed is at hand. 



64 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

out of land, the town therefore have chosen a committee to con- 
sider of y" same to se if it be convenient to give away any more 
land or how & to whome ; they have therefore chosen Mr. Dudley 
Bradstreet, Left. Osgood, Ensigne Chandler, Goodman Barker, 
Goodman frie sen. Jono frie jun. George Abbot sen, Daniel Poore, 
Thomas Johnsin, John Lovejoy, Sergt. Steevens, to consider about 
y^ same and bring in y*^ result against y'' next meeting-day." 

Also the highways in the tow^n, as well as the roads from 
the town, were a subject of much voting. 

17th Oct. 1661. It is ordered " that every male person of six- 
teen years shall upon three or four days warning by the surveyor 
attend the mending of the highways upon forfeit of double dam- 
age for every day's neglect by any person and soe likewise everie 
teame, that is, every man fower shillings a day so neglecting." 

In the course of time, if not at first, in order to accommo- 
date the town, it became necessary to run roads through pri- 
vate lands. These were used as highways, but kept closed 
by gates or bars ; as, for example, in the proprietors' grant to 
John Aslebe : " Reserved a good and convenyant drift cart- 
way through said land, and said Aslebee to make and main- 
taine good and handy gates or bares to pass & repass through 
forever." The following is a paper relating to the repairs of 
the highways in the west part of Andover, which has been 
kept among the papers of the citizen who received it, from 
the time of its date : — 

"Essex ss. Andover, March 25, 1746. 
" To Mr. Ebenezer Lovejoy jr. Surveyor of Highways Greet- 
ing : — 
"These are in His Majesty's Name to will & Reqiiir you to see 
that each man named in this List work out the sums underneath 
his name on the Highways on the Months of May & June Next. 
On the Road that you ware ordered by the Selectmen to work on 
the year past, allowing each man gjr per day for a yoke of oxen ; 
2s for a cart, 

Eben"' Lovejoy . . . . . . .120 

Timothy More . . . • . . '17 3 
John Lovejoy . . . . . . • -oiS? 

Saml Blanchard o 15 o 

Jonathan Blanchard . . . . . .072 

Thomas Blanchard jr -053 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 65 

Moses Hagget 069 

Doc"" Nehemiah Abbot 099 

Stephen Blanchard 0164 

Benjamin Smith 050 

Charles Furbush . . . . . . . ,050 

Samuel Bayle . . . . . . . .01211 

David Osgood o 3 5 

George Abbot ^ Selectmen 
Nathl Frie J> of 

Timothy Ballard j Andovir'' 

In granting land to Hamboro Blunt in 171 8, it was ex- 
cepted that there should be a " drift way through Bars for 
John Marston to pass and repass to his meadows and his 
heirs and sucksessors forever, they always putting up the bars 
safe after themy There are many other stipulations in the 
records in which parties agree to maintain " good gates " 
across the highways that pass through their land. A deal of 
dismounting from horse or cart or tumbril there must have 
been in those days, to open and shut gates and put up bars. 
A journey two hundred years ago from one end of the town 
to the other, or from Andover to the neighboring towns, was 
made slowly and with many liabilities of delay, from the va- 
rious causes before mentioned, the dangers of Indians and 
wild beasts, the bad roads, the often impassable streams, the 
perils of being lost in the woods in blinding storms, or of 
going far out of the way, misled by the imperfect landmarks 
of trees, stakes, and stones. 

These journeys, slow and sometimes painful, necessitated 
many places of rest and refreshment, " entertainment for man 
and beast." A man in a town who had a large house often 
took in travellers as a matter of courtesy, and thus it hap- 
pened that in some cases, especially in the early history of 
the towns, the innkeeper or " innholder " was one of the prin- 
cipal citizens. The public house was called an " inn," " tav- 
ern," or " ordinary." The owner, " innholder," or " taverner," 
was often a " vintnor," licensed to sell wines and strong liq- 
uors. The first on record to whom this license was granted ^ 
was Mr. Edmond Faulkner, in 1648, "he paying to the treas- 

1 Colony Records. 
5 



66 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ury for what he draws, as others do." There were also, in 
the larger towns, persons licensed to sell liquors "out of 
doors," that is, to those persons who were not guests in their 
house as in an inn. These were called " Retailers." ^ The 
" taverners " kept a house of refreshment, as is supposed, 
without lodgings, a sort of restaurant. In Boston, in 1680, 
there were licensed six wine taverners, ten innholders, eight 
retailers for wine and strong liquors out of doors. Andover 
was allowed one " retailer for wine and liquors out of doors," 
and two public houses. The sale of liquors to Indians made 
much trouble, many of them, "by excessive and abusive 
drinking," as was stated in the act of the General Court reg- 
ulating the sale of liquors, " being overcome with swinish 
drunkenness." The Court therefore ordered that only the 
most trustworthy citizens should be allowed to sell liquors to 
Indians, and that they should only sell what in their judg- 
ment " seems meete & necessary for their reliefe." 

Deacon John Frye, of Andover, was in 1654 appointed re- 
tailer of strong liquors. 

In 1689, Lieut. John Osgood was innholder. The follow- 
ing is a petition ^ made by him to the County Court, to renew 
his license for keeping a public house : — 

" To THE Honored County Corte now sitting at Salem : — 

" I move to your Honers to renewing license ffor keeping a Pub- 
lick house, & I would have waited upon the corte personally but a 
bizness of a publick nature hinders me : that is the comitee off 
molitiah are this day to make up the account about our soldiers 
& I have sent here-with my sone to pay the ffees : the granting of 
which will serve him who is yours to serve in whatsoever he 
may John Osgood. 

" Andover 27 : 9. 89 " [Granted] 

A rival innkeeper was William Chandler. Capt. John Os- 
good made complaint to the Court against him, that he " did 
retail & sell sider or strong drinke without License at his 
owne dwelling." Chandler produced evidence that he had a 
license and was acceptable to many of his townsmen, if not 
to all. The proof ^ of his license was as follows : — 

1 A name used afterwards for the seller of all kinds of merchandise. 

2 Court Papers, vol. xlviii., p. 74. 

3 County Court Papers, vol. xlvii. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 6/ 

" William Chandler Senior is recommended to y® next County 
Court at Ipswich as a ffit man to keep a publick house of enter- 
tainment in the town of Andover and until the foresaid Court is 
licensed to sel Sider, bear, wine and strong liquor by me one of 
his Majesty's Council of his territory for New England ffebruary 
y' 2, 1686. JoNA Tyng." 

The proofs of his townsmen's good-will, and their wish for 
the success of his inn, is as follows : — 

" The humble petition of William Chandler to his Majesty's hon- 
oured Court of Sessions for the County of Essex now Sitting in Ips- 
wich this 14 day of September iSSy humbly sheweth : — 

" That whereas your petitioner some time since obtained liberty 
from one of the Councill to keep a publick house of entertainment 
and that falling short I mayd my address to his Excellence by 
some friends who understanding my case induced these gentlemen 
to Wright to the honoured Mr. Gedney and frome him to be com- 
municated to the honered justices of Salem wherein he did expect 
they should grant me my License which accordingly they did while 
this Sessions ; for the which I Render them hearty thanks and 
now I having in some measure fited myself for that worke and 
agreed with Captain Radford what customs to pay for the yeare, 
and it being the desier of many of my neighbors I should keep a 
publick house of entertainment as will appear by their subscrip- 
tions under their hands and the great complaynt of strangers that 
there is no house of entertainment upon that rode leading from 
Ipswich to Balrica and also my own necessity arising in regard of 
that money I was fined at Salem which I borrowed and have not 
pay**, all which considerations move to renew my License for this 
yeare : which will oblige your petitioner for ever as in duty bound 
to pray. William Chandler. 

" Wee whose names are hereunder Righten : doe testifye : that we 
live upon the Rode at Andover that leadeth from Ipswich and the 
Townes that way to Baliraca and have often heard strangers much 
complain that there was no publick house of entertainment upon 
that Rode, but they must goe a mile and a elfe out of there way 
or goe without refreshing or else intrude upon privit houses which 
that neighborhood have found very burdensome. And we doe 

^ County Court Papers, vol. xlvii., p. 56. 



68 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

humbly pray that WilUam Chandler Senr. whose house stands con- 
venient may be allowed for that worke 

John + Lovejoy, his marke. 
Joseph Wilson 
Thomas Johnson 
Thomas Chandler 
• William Johnson." 

Another petition for Chandler has the signatures of thirty- 
five citizens of Andover ; but in 1690 some of his opponents 
sent in the following petition, ^ rather discreditable to their 

townsman : — 

" From Andover ye 28 : i, 1690. 

" To the honered Court now sitting at Ipswich 31 off this instant 
March i6go. 

" Wee your most humble petitioners in the name of many more, 
if not of most of the town do make our address to your honors to 
exert so much of your power and authority as may release us of 
the matter of our greivance wch is grown so much an epidemical 1 
evill that overspreads and is like to corrupt the greater part of our 
towne if not speedily prevented by your help : viz to put a stopp 
to William Chandler's license of selling of drink, that had been 
licensed formerly by authority : he had indeed y^ approbation of 
the selectmen that were pickt out for that end in his first setting 
up : y^ were men spirited to give him their approbation to such a 
thing, and indeed at his first setting up he seemed to have some 
tendernesse upon his conscience not to admit of excess nor disor- 
der in his house ; but custom in his way of dealing and the earn- 
est desire of money hath proved an evil root to him actively and 
effectively to others, for through his over forwardness to promote 
his own gaine he hath been apt to animate and to entice persons 
to spend their money & time to y* great wrong of themselves and 
family they belong to ; and to that end will encourage all sorts of 
persons both old and young to spend upon trust, if they have not 
money, & to some he will proffer to lend them money to spend 
rather than that they should be discouraged from such a notion j 
servants & children are allowed by him in his house at all 
times ^ unseasonable by night and day, sometimes till midnight 
and past & till break of day, till they know not their way to their 

1 County Court Papers, vol. 1., 74. 

2 William Chandler was not alone in being complained of for this offence. 
Thomas Johnson, a constable, was charged with " allowing a barrel of cider to 
be drunke in his house at unseasonable hours by young people." One of the 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 69 

habitations, and gaming is freely allowed in his house by which 
means the looser must call for drink w'^'' is one thing y' will uphold 
his calling : Many such pertiklers might be instanced and easily 
proved, but we be willing for brevity's sake to omitt much of what 
misht be said of the like nater, but be sure if he be not restrained 
from the selling of drink our town will be for the greatest part of 
our young generation so corrupted thereby that wee can expect lit- 
tle else but a cours of drunkenness of them ; and what comfort 
will that be to parents to see such a posterity coming on upon the 
stase after them ? To this wee whose names are underwritten as 
your humble petitioners doe attest by our hands hereto. 

Christopher Osgood James Frie 

John Frie sen Joseph Lovejoy 

John Frie jun Samuel Frie 

Samuel Blanchard Benjamin Frye 

Ephraim Foster Samuel Rowell 

Joseph Robinson Thos Osgood " 

But the friends of William Chandler had got the start in 
the matter of petitioning, as appears from a record appended 
to this petition : " This petition came not to the viewe of the 
Conrt nntill after another was approved of^ 

The " other " referred to was doubtless the following cer- 
tificate to the good order of Chandler's house : — 

" William Chandler senr of Andover hath kept a house of pub- 
lick entertainment for some considerable time past & hath kept 
good order in s^ house (soe far as wee are informed) & being an 
infirm man & not capable of hard Labour & deserving of appro- 
.bation for his continuance in that employment we cannot but 
judge him a meet p'son for it & his house convenient for travel- 
lers. 
" Dated Andover y« 21^' March 1689-90 

/^Dudley Bradstreet 
Selectmen Thomas Chandler 

of J Henry Hoult 
Andover Joseph Ballard 
>^John Abbot " 

town treasurers was before the court for drunkenness and disorderly behavior- 
A prominent citizen was presented on a charge of being under the too great in- 
fluence of liquor, although Mr. Bradstreet, the magistrate, termed it " some 
weaknesse that overtooke him." So we see that strong liquors were not so much 
'■ better " than they are now, or the community more temperate. 



70 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

He was granted a license, and in 1692 was permitted by 
the selectmen to continue his house until such time as he 
might be regularly licensed by the Court : — 

" These may certifye any that may be concerned that whereas 
the Towne of Andover (by reason of y^ change ^ of Government) 
are destitute of an ordinarie for y* reliefe of strangers &c wee y* 
subscribers being y* selectmen of Andover aforesaid doe judge 
William Chandler Sen"" of s'^ towne to be a meet person for y' 
aboves'^ imployment he having been some years allready imployed 
in that service & gave good content soe far as we know. 

"Dated Andover y^ 29. Aug 1692 att a meeting of y" Selectmen 
then and wee doe alsoe order him to entertain strangers &c till y* 
Court or such as are appointed doe otherways determine." [Signed 
by the Selectmen.] 

William Chandler's license is an interesting document, and 
curiously illustrative of the customs of the time and of the 
aspect of things in Andover. It will be noticed that the sign 
of his house was the horse-shoe, chosen, doubtless, from the 
occupation of the Chandlers — blacksmiths. It was the cus- 
tom then to designate shops, public houses, and places of re- 
sort, not by numbers, but by hanging out a sign. A large 
town had a great variety of signs (as was the custom in Eng- 
land), the " anchor," the "bell," the "horse-shoe," etc. The 
only mention found of any such sign at Andover is this of 
the horse-shoe : ^ — 

" Know all men by these presents, That we William Chandler 
as principle & Andrew Peters & George Herrick Suretyes do 
acknowledge ourselves to owe & be justly Indebted unto our Sov- 
ereign Lord and Lady King William and Queen Mary, their 
Heirs and Successors, for the Support of their Majesties Govern- 
ment here, the sum of Fifty pounds for the true performance of 
which payment well and truly to be made we bind ourselves and 
each of us our and each of our Heirs Executors and Administrators 
firmly by these Presents, Sealed with our Seals, Dated in Salem, 
this 17 Day of Jan^^ 1692. 

"The condition of this Obligation is such, That whereas the 
abovesaid William Chandler is admitted and allowed by their Maj - 

1 There being in the colony no authority for granting a formal license. 

2 Files of Court Papers. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 7 1 

esties Justices at a General Sessions of the Peace to keep a com- 
mon house of entertainment and to use common selUng of ale, 
beer, svder &c till the General Session of the Peace in ... . next 
in the now-Dwelling-house of said Chandler in Andover commonly 
known by the sign of the horse-shoe and no other, If therefore 
the said William Chandler during the time of keeping a Publick 
House shall not permit, suffer or have any playing at Dice, Cards, 
Tables Quoits, Loggeis, Bowles, Ninepins, Billiards or any other 
unlaivfiil Gatne or Games in his house, yard, Garden, or Backside ; 
nor shall suffer to be or remain in his House any person or per- 
sons not being of his own family 7ipoti Saturday flights after it is 
Dark, nor at any time on the Sabbath Day or Evening after the 
Sabbath, nor shall suffer any person to lodge or stay in his House 
above one day and one night ; but such whose Name and Surname 
he shall deliver to some one of the Selectmen or Constables or 
some one of the officers of the Town unless they be such as he 
very well knoweth and will answer for his or their forthcoming : nor 
shall sell any Wine or Liquors, to any Indians or Negroes nor suffer 
any servants or apprentices or any other persons to remain in his 
house Tippling or drinking after nine of the clock in the night 
time ; nor buy or take to Pawn any stolen goods, nor willingly 
harbor in his said House, Barn, Stable or otherwhere any Rogues, 
Vagabonds, Thieves, nor other notorious offenders whatsoever nor 
shall suffer any person or persons to sell or utter any ale, beer, 
cyder &c by Deputation or by colour of this License and also keep 
the true assize and measure in his Pots, Bread and otherwise, in 
uttering of ale, beer, cyder, wine, rum &c, and the same sell by sealed 
measure. And in his said House shall and do use and maintain 
good order and Rule : Then this present obligation to be void or 
else to stand in full Force Power and Virtue. 

" Signed, sealed and delivered William Chandler 

in the presence of George Herrick 

Jonathan Putnam Andrew Peeters " 
Stephen Sewal. 

Andrew Peters, the bondsman of William Chandler, after- 
ward became innholder on the death of Chandler. He came 
to Andover from Ipswich (as seems probable) between 1686 
and 1692, and had a still-house, and was a " retailer." The 
following record ^ shows these facts : — 

1 Files of Court Papers. 



72 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



"This may certifye any that may be concerned y* Mr. Andrew 
Peeters (now an inhabitant in Andover) ^ being lately burnt out by 
y* Indians & put by his husbandry & being a stiller of strong 
liquors by his calling & having sett up his still-house in y* towne 
of Andover we the subscribers being y* selectmen of Andover doe 
desire & judge it a benefit to y* towne y' he may have liberty to 
retaile his liquor by y* quart out of his owne house to the house- 
holders of y* Towne or others which he may think have need of it. 
We judging him a man careful! of observing law & good order in 
those matters. Dudley Bradstreete -> 

John Abbot | 

John Aslebe 

Samuel Frie 

John Chandler 
" Andover ye 21 December 1692 " 



Selectmen 
\ of 
I Andover. 
J 



There is also, later, a petition to the Court for Mr. Peters 
to be innholder, he " being one of the selectmen and our 
town-treasurer." 

The following names are found among the innholders 
licensed : — 

Edmond Faulkner 
John Frye .... 
Lieut John Osgood innholder 
William Chandler 
Andrew Peters " 

—-"Joseph Parker " 

Joseph Parker 2nd 
John Frye senr 
Joseph Parker 3d 
Capt James Frye 
Timothy Poor was an early innholder also. 

These inns were not like those with which the last genera- 
tion was familiar in the days of stage-coaches, and the bustle 
of the arrivals and departures of the regular coaches, the re- 
lays of horses, and all the commotion of the hostlers and the 
servants, and the important and obsequious host. These 
most ancient inns had no regular arrivals of vehicles or 





. 1648 a vintnor 




1654 vintnor 




. 1689 




1687-1699 




. 1700-1713 




1714 




. 1715-1723 




1723 




. 1735 




1745 



1 "Andrew Peters of Ipswich." — y?<g-«/o' ^Z>^f(/j, " Ipswich," Book I., p. 
681. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 73 

guests. The chance-travellers going to and from Salem, Ips- 
wich, Boston, either on horseback or on foot, to attend Court, 
to go to market, to visit, — in short, the whole community who 
went on any errand whatever, must make use of the inn for 
a greater or less period of time, so that a thriving business 
was done. The deputies to the General Court, and the other 
various officers of the Colonial Government, made no small 
part of the patronage of the inns and taverns. Some of the 
innholders suffered from the delinquency of their guests in 
paying their bills. Joseph Armitage, of the Anchor Inn, 
Lynn, makes a petition concerning " Sum expences at my 
hous by the Honered Magistrates and deputies of this County 
which I never received." The "honored magistrate" from 
Andover had a small account with Armitage, and also had 
some law-suits against the innholder for indebtedness to him- 
self for goods ; for Mr. Bradstreet did a considerable trading 
business in shipping lumber to the Barbadoes and exchang- 
ing it for West India goods, which he sold to parties through- 
out the county. His memorandum of his debts to the An- 
chor Inn landlord is as follows : — 

" Due to Goodman Armitage for beare or wyne att 
several) times as I came by in the space of about three 

years • . 4^. 3</" 

"May 15, 1649. 

" More for my man and horse as hee returned home 
the last year when I was a commissioner, hee having 
been delayed on Sabbath day 6i-. 3^?" 

There were unwelcome guests, travellers at this early time 
from town to town, — vagrants, the prototype of the modern 
tramp. One of these, in 1665, paid a visit to Andover, was 
arrested, and sent to jail; also one John Upton, at whose 
house he spent a night, was tried for harboring him and re- 
ceiving stolen goods. Thomas Johnson, constable of An- 
dover deposed ^ as follows : — 

" Henry Spencer coming to the house of John Upton the said 
Upton told this deponent that he brought a pack with him to his 
house, in which was a coate, a rapier, two bibles, a payre of French 

1 County Court Papers, vol. x. 



74 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

£all(?) shoes & other things " — that " he lay at his house one night 
& the next day he sett him on the way to Andover & carried his 
things from his house with him & further this deponent saith that 
Edward Hutchinson told me that he came to his house the same 
day in the afternoon without any pack." 

The movements of military companies, or of soldiers going 
to join the companies to march against the " Indian enemy," 
or of scouts and rangers, was also a considerable feature of 
the travelling of the colonial period, and there was no small 
stir and flutter in the domestic inns when the young officers, 
with cutlass and halberd and head-piece, musket and pike, 
and the various paraphernalia of the military outfit, arrived 
and tarried for entertainment, and told the tale of their own 
heroism or their comrades' exploits. One such company stop- 
ping at the inn of Joseph Parker, of Andover, were, as tradi- 
tion says, "sumptuously entertained," and a soldier, John 
Varnum, of Dracut, afterward took to himself Miss Phebe 
Parker, the innkeeper's daughter, for his wife ; from which 
marriage was descended General Varnum of Revolutionary 
fame. 

It was a not uncommon thing to have marriage ceremonies 
performed at the inn, it being the largest house and most 
convenient for a wedding-party or merrymaking ; the relish 
for which festivities the colonists had not all laid aside when 
they quitted the shores of Old England. 

It was against the too great hilarity that sometimes arose, 
when the " strong liquors " of the inn, or ordinary, had circu- 
lated freely on such bridal occasions among the rustic guests, 
that the Great and General Court fulminated its edicts, before 
quoted, prohibiting " dancing in ordinaries on occasions of 



marriage." 



Apropos of the ancient weddings, the first recorded mar- 
riage of an Andover citizen is that of the first settler, Edmond 
Faulkner : — 

" Edmond Faulkner and Dorothy Robinson married at Salem by 
Mr. John Winthrop. 4 Feb. 1647." 

George Abbot married Hannah Chandler, sister of Thomas 
Chan'dler, "at Andover, 1647," says Abbot's "Genealogical 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 7$ 

Register ; " but this is not on the town records, and Ellis's 
'* History of Roxbury " says that George Abbot married in 
that town Mary or Hannah Chandler. (The Chandlers came 
from Roxbury to Andover.) The first record of a marriage 
ceremony in Andover is in 1653. 

" Henry Ingolls «Sc Mary Osgood were married at Andover 6 
July 1653 by Mr. Simon Bradstreet." 

It is to be noted that these marriages were made by the 
magistrate, according to the Puritan doctrine that marriage 
is a civil compact, and not a church sacrament. In 1678 
Captain Dudley Bradstreet was appointed by the General 
Court, " to joyne persons together in marriage at Andover 
one or both of whom being settled inhabitants there & being 
published according to law " (that is, in the house of God on 
a day of service). This Puritan custom of " publishing did 
much to throw around the ordinance of marriage the sanctity 
of a religious rite ; and moreover, in those times the magis- 
trates were expected to be among the most religious men of 
the community, so that the institution of marriage was by no 
means reduced to that merely secular plane and bare civil 
contract which it is sometimes represented to have been. 
In the most public and solemn manner, before the whole 
congregation, on the Sabbath day, the announcement must 
be made of the intention of marriage, and in a modified form 
this custom of publishing in the house of God continued in 
the town for two hundred years ; after the custom of reading 
the names from the pulpit was discontinued, the names of 
the persons intending marriage being posted in the vestibule 
of the meeting-house in a small closet with a glass door, called 
the " publishing-box." 

The following are the first ten records of marriage in the 
town register : — 

1647. Feb^ 4. Edmond Faulkner & Dorothy Robinson married at 
Salem by Mr. John Winthrop. 

1650. Oct. 20. Daniel Pore & Mary Farnum married at Boston by 
Mr. Wiggins. 

1651. Jan. I. John Lovejoy & Mary Osgood^ married at Ipswich 
by Mr. Simons. 

^ The Osgood family had a branch in Ipswich. 



^6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

1653. July 6. Henry Ingolls & Mary Osgood married at Andover 
by Mr. Simon Bradstreet. 

1653. Nov. 15. John Osgood & MaryClemants married at Haver- 
hill by Mr. Robert Clemants. 

1654. June 14. Mr. Seaborn Cotton & Mrs. Dorothy Bradstreet 
by Mr. Bradstreet. 

1657. Thomas Johnson & Mary Holt married by Mr. Bradstreet. 

1658. Jan. 6. Thomas Eaton & Unity Singletary married by Mr. 
Bradstreet. 

1658. Apr. 26. George Abbot & Sarah Farnum married by Mr. 

Bradstreet. 
1658. June 12. Nicholas Holt & Hannah Pope widdow. 

"Mrs." Dorothy Bradstreet, whose name is here given, was 
the daughter of Mr. Simon Bradstreet. The title " Mrs." 
was simply a term of respect, and had no reference to the 
marriage relation, — a lady of high social standing, whether 
married or single, being addressed as Mistress, or with the 
abbreviated form Mrs. 

How proposals of marriage were made and preliminaries 
settled in good society, we learn from a statement ^ of Mr. 
Simon Bradstreet, in reference to the marriage of his daugh- 
ter Mercy to Major Nathaniel Wade, of Medford, which took 
place 31st October, 1672 : — 

" When Mr. Jonathan Wade of Ipswich came first to my house 
att Andover in y® yeare '72 to make a motion of marriage betwixt 
his Sonne Nathaniell and my daughter Mercy he freely of himself 

told me what he v/ould give to his sone After he came 

home hee told several of my Friends & others that hee had ofifered 
to give his son better than one thousand pounds and I would not 
accept of it." 

Notwithstanding these disagreements of the fathers at first, 
they finally came to a mutually satisfactory arrangement of 
terms, and " soe agreed that the young p'sons might p'cede 
in marriage, with both our consents, which they accordingly 
did." 

Another relic ^ is found of the prudence of the elders in 
regard to the worldly prospects of the young persons : — 

1 Essex County Court Papers, vol. xliii., p. 66. 

2 IhiiL, vol. Hi., p. 1 1 6. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 77 

" The testimony of Thomas Chandler aged about 64 and William 
Chandler aged about 56 (1692) who say: that about tenn years 
since Andrew Allen of Andover junior who was a sutor to Eliza- 
beth Richisson an shee being related to Major Thomas Hinchman 
and Cap. Josiah Richisson both of Chalmsford they came to Ando- 
ver to the hous of William Chandler abovesaid and Andrew Allen 
Senier being present : the foresd hinchman andRichison asked the 
foresd Andrew Allen Sanier what he would give his sonn for incor- 
ridgment for a livelihood and that which he then promised upon 
the contrict of marriage was : That he would give his hous and land 
lying about three miles from the town and the meadow belonging 
to it, and halfe his orchard at horn, and after his and his mothers 
decease he should have all his house & land at Town and the 
home meadow that belong to it." 

The wedding festivities in the great families of colonial 
time were not unattended with display ; and the extrava- 
gance of the ladies and the varieties of the toilet on these 
and other social occasions were the subject of comment of 
writers of the time. The Rev. Nathaniel Ward gave his 
views of some of the styles of fashionable dress, in plain lan- 
guage : — 

" If I see any of them accidentally I cannot cleanse my phansie 
of them for at least a month after." 

As to the folly of women whose great desire is to " find 
out the latest fashion, and to inquire what dress the queen is 
in this week," he says : — 

" I look upon her as the very gizard of a trifle, the product of a 
quarter of a cipher, the epitome of fiothing, fitter to be kickt if she 
were of a kickable substance, than either honored or humored." 

Undoubtedly new fashions and fine clothes found their 
way to Andover as soon as to any of the inland plantations ; 
for the Bradstreet family maintained correspondence with 
the nobility of England, and Mr. Bradstreet, often sending, 
had every facility for obtaining as elegant dress as the taste, 
good sense, and religious principle of his household would 
permit them to wear. Mrs. Bradstreet was a lady whose 
literary tastes kept her from inordinate love of dress ; and 
moreover she was in feeble health, and from principle also 
indisposed to great display. Still, the relics handed down 



78 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

in this family show that they had rich furniture and apparel. 
Nor was this in disagreement with the sumptuary laws of the 
Puritans. These were directed mainly against the wearing 
of expensive clothes by unsuitable persons at improper times. 
An act of the General Court, 165 1, is as follows (admitting 
the suitability of fine clothing in some cases) : — 

" Although we acknowledge it to be a matter of much difficul- 
tie to sett down exact rules to confine all sorts of persons, we de- 
clare our utter detestation and dislike that men or women of 
meane condition educations &> callings should take uppon them the 
garbe of gentlemen, by the wearing of gold or silver lace, or buttons 
or poynt at their knees, to walk in great bootes [leather was very 
costly] or women of the same rank to weare silk or tiffany hoods, 
or scarfs, which though allowable to persons of greater estates or 
more liberal education, yet wee cannot but judge it intolerable in 
p'sons of such like condition 

" It is ordered that the selectmen of every towne .... are here- 
by enabled & required to assesse such persons so offendynge in 
any of the particulars above-mentioned, but any magistrate or offi- 
cer their wives and children are left to their discretion in wearynge 
of apparel." 

Mrs. Bradstreet's neighbors thought her too little interested 
in dress. They criticised her writing so much, and said 
it would be more becoming in her to use the needle than 
to have her pen always in hand ; but doubtless her daugh- 
ters, on social occasions of importance, when visitors from 
out of town — their connections the Dudleys, and their friends 
the Winthrops, and the President of the College, and other 
dignitaries — were guests, made no little display of elegant 
attire. Brocade and ruff, and lace, velvet, gold lace, point, 
buttons, were not wanting when the Puritan aristocracy were 
gathered to do honor to the wisdom of the magistrate, the 
genius of his poet-wife (the " tenth Muse sprung up in Amer- 
ica," as one of the scholars called her), and the beauty and 
virtues of the daughters. Mr. Simon Bradstreet, when he 
went over to England in 166 1, on his mission to the court of 
King Charles II., we may be sure, appeared in the presence 
of royalty in no homespun garb, and it is more than likely 
that he did not return without many a purchase or present of 
the fabrics of the old country for his family. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 79 

But, as has been before said, there were great distinctions 
in dress in the different classes of society. The wardrobe of 
a well-to-do yeoman, a century after Andover settlement, was 
the following : — 

" A True Inventoree of y personal estate of Capt. Samuel Osgood 
late of Andover His wearing apparel : — 
A Red coat & Breeches 
A Blue coat & Breeches 
A Dark green coat & Jacket 
An Old white Coat 
A Camlet Coat & Jacket 

2 Fustian Jackets 
I Blue great coat 

I Old pr plush Breeches 

1 Fine Linnen Shirt 

3 Cotton do 

3 old Cotton do 

3 pr worsted stockings 

2 pr yarn 

2 old Hats 

3 pr old shoes 
5 neck bands 

1 Silke Handkerchief 

2 Walking Staffs 

I pair shoe buckles." 

The termination of one wedding contract of old Andover 

was tragic. " In 1689, died Hannah wife of Hugh } 

murdered by her husband April 20, 1689." In respect to 
this, Savage's " Genealogy " says : — 

" Hugh Andover m. 15 Oct. 1667 Hannah Foster perhaps 

d. of Andrew, had John born 1668 and others .... from the 
records we find the death of his wife 2d Apr. 1689 murdered by 
her husband, whence it is safe to conclude that he was insane." 

Cotton Mather, in the " Magnalia," gives a detailed account 
of the execution of one of this name, undoubtedly the same 
man, for murdering his wife, and says that the particulars 
were told him by a minister, who attended the prisoner on 

1 It is not known that there are any descendants in the town, yet to avoid an 
erroneous connection with names now existing, but not related, the name is sup- 
pressed. 



80 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the scaffold. Although such details are not, ordinarily, pleas- 
ant or profitable reading, still, forming as this does a part of 
the famous " Magnalia " of Mather, it cannot properly be 
passed by. The account here presented is much abbrevi- 
ated : — 

" One Hugh upon a Quarrel between himself and his wife 

about selling a Piece of Land having some Words, as they were 
walking together on a certain Evening very barbarously reached a 
stroke at her Throat with a sharp knife and by that one stroke 
fetched away the Soul of her who had made him a Father of sev- 
eral children and would have brought yet another to him if she 
had lived a few weeks longer in the world. The wretched man 
was too soon surprised by his Neighbors to be capable of denying 
that Fact and so he pleaded Guilty upon his Tryal. There was a 
Minister that walked with him to his execution ; and I shall repeat 
the Principall Passages of the Discourse between them in which 
the Reader may find or make something useful to himself, what- 
ever it were to the Poor man who was more immediately con- 
cerned in it." 

The conversation of the minister with him on the scaffold 
is repeated, in which he inquires if the prisoner is now pre- 
pared to stand before the tribunal of God, and on receiving 
an answer that he having repented of his sin, hopes that he 
is, the clergyman examined him still further to ascertain 
whether be had repented of the sin of Adam, for which said 
he you " deserved to be destroyed as soon as you first came 
into this world." The prisoner seeming to have doubts, or 
not to be quite clear on this point, the minister instructed 
him and demonstrated that he had broken every command- 
ment of the Decalogue. Going on to inquire what led to 
this commission of murder, the prisoner made answer : — 

" It was Contention in my Family. I had been used to some- 
thing of Religion, and I was once careful about the Worship of 
God, not only with my Family but in Secret also, But upon Con- 
tention between me and my wife I left off the ways of God and 
you see what I am come to." 

The prisoner from the scaffold made an address to the 
company : — 

" Young men and maids. Observe the Rule of Obedience to 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 8 1 

your Parents ; and Servants to your Masters, according to the 
Will of God and to do the will of your Masters : If you take up 
wicked ways, you set open a Gate to sins to lead in bigger after- 
wards. Thou canst not do anything but God will see thee, 
though thou thinkest thou shalt not be catched 

^"■O yoimgwovian that is married and young man^ look on me here ! 
Be sure in that solemn engagement you are obliged to one another. 
Marriage is an ordinance of God : have a care of breaking that 
bond of Marriage Union. If the Husband provoke his wife and 
cause ft Difference, he sins against God and so does she in such car- 
riage ; for she is bound to be an obedient wife. 

" O you Parents that give your children in Marriage remember 
what I have to say. You must take notice when you give them 

in marriage you give them freely to the Lord Here is this 

murderer ; look upon him, and see how many are come with their 

eyes to behold this man that abhors himself before God 

There are here a great many young People and O Lord that they 

may be thy servants I will tell you that I wish I never 

had had the opportunity to do such a murder. If you say when a 
Person has provoked you ' I will kill him,' tis a thousand to one 
but the next time you will do it " 

He then intimates that it was under the effect of strong 
drink that he gave vvray to his passion : — 

"When thou hast thy head full of drink, remembrance of God 
is out of thy heart. I have cause to cry out and be ashamed of 
it, that I am guilty of it because I gave way to that sin more than 
any other and then God did leave me to practice wickedness and 
to murder that dear woman whom I should have taken a great 
deal of contentment in ; which if I had done, I should not have 
been here to suffer this Death." 

The author of the " Magnalia " adds this brief description 
of the melancholy end of the life of this first murderer in 
Andover : — 

"After this he was by the prayers of a minister then present 
recommended unto the divine mercy, which being done, the poor 
inan poured out a few broken ejaculations, in the midst of which 
he was turned over into the Eternity which we leave him in." 

Having now gained a general idea of the mode of life in 
primitive Andover, and an acquaintance with some of its 

6 



82 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

principal citizens, we resume the review of such few memo- 
rials as are found of the other first settlers. 

Mr. Edmond Faulkner was one of the few honored with 
the title "Mr." He, with Mr. Woodbridge, negotiated the 
purchase of the plantation from the Indians. He was, as 
has been already stated, the first whose name is recorded as 
a licensed vintnor. 

One of his daughters was married to Capt. Pasco Ghubb, 
and with her husband was murdered by the Indians. 

His son, Lieut. Francis Faulkner, married Abigail Dane 
(daughter of Rev, Francis Dane), who was accused of witch- 
craft and condemned, but reprieved, and finally saved from 
hanging by the influence of friends, who interposed to check 
the delusion. 

A grandson of Francis Faulkner removed, when a boy, 
with his parents to the town of Acton. He was Col. Francis 
Faulkner, of Revolutionary fame, who led the company to 
the fight at Concord Bridge in 1775, and commanded the 
regiment that guarded General Burgoyne's army when pris- 
oners of war. 

One branch of the Faulkner family settled in the South 
Parish. A recent representative of the name was Joseph 
Faulkner, who, in 1825, engaged with Mr. John Smith (Smith, 
Dove & Co.) in the manufacture of machinery at Andover. 
His son, Joseph W. Faulkner, studied divinity in the Theo- 
logical Seminary, 1838. Abiel Faulkner was a soldier of the 
Revolution and of the War of 1812. There is an ancient 
house on one of the early Faulkner homesteads at North 
Andover, which is said to be more than one hundred and 
seventy years old. It is at Marble Ridge, southeast of the 
homestead of Gen. William J. Dale. It is of quaint con- 
struction, and has been apparently but little changed from its 
original style. The sloping roof in the rear, the exact south- 
ern front, the heavy beams in the ceilings, the huge chimney 
in the middle of the house, the staircase going up in the 
front entry to the garret, the little cupboards nicked in at 
odd corners over the mantel-piece, the small windows high 
above the floor, and other peculiarities of construction indi- 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 83 

cate that it belonged to the colonial period. It was last 
owned by Joseph Faulkner. In 1789 his daughter, Dorcas 
Faulkner, was " married by Rev. Mr. Symmes to Mr. John 
Adams Jr." (as the town records note) ; " Major" Adams, the 
bridegroom was afterward commissioned. The Faulkner 
estate subsequently was sold to Benjamin Fish, and is now 
owned by an aged couple from Marblehead. With their 
stores of goodies, apples, hickory-nuts, cranberries, etc., gath- 
ered about them in kitchen and pantry, their flower-pots of 
chrysanthemums, and "jelly "-flowers in the window, their 
bird-cage on the floor, and their china and glass-ware set up 
for show in the parlor cupboard, the shelves nicely covered 
with newspapers, the pictured looking-glass, with its battle 
scene of the Constitution and " Guir^ar" as described by the 
hostess, the ancient house and its occupants seem a relic of 
the old times, veritable genii loci. 

Another Faulkner house is near by, whence emigrated 
Daniel Faulkner to Bluehill, Maine, and Dr. Joseph Faulk- 
ner to Hamilton. 

George Abbot, Senior, married Hannah Chandler, at an 
early period in the town history. She was sister of Thomas 
Chandler, and daughter of William Chandler, of Roxbury. 
The descendants of George Abbot, Sen., have been very 
numerous and influential. They include, among others, John 
Abbot, deputy to the General Court, 1701 ; Dea. Isaac Ab- 
bot, graduate of Harvard College, 1723 ; Abiel Abbot, gradu- 
ate of Harvard College, 1737, who died while fitting for the 
ministry ; Dr. Abiel Abbot, surgeon in the French and In- 
dian wars ; Capt. John Abbot, of the French and Indian 
War, and of the Revolutionary War ; Capt. Henry Abbot 
and Capt. Stephen Abbot, in the Revolutionary service ; 
George Abbot, Esq.; the three sons of Capt. John Abbot (all 
eminent graduates of Harvard College), namely, Prof. John 
Abbot, of Bowdoin College ; Benjamin Abbot, LL. D., 
Principal of Exeter Academy, and Rev. Abiel Abbot, D. D., 
minister of Haverhill and Beverly ; also. Rev. Abiel Abbot, 
D. D. (native of Wilton, N. H.), author of the " History of 
Andover," 1829 ; Mr. Henry Abbot, graduate of Harvard 



84 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

College, 1796, trader of Andover, father of the late Henry 
W. Abbot, trader ; Rev. John Lovejoy Abbot, graduate, 
1805, and Librarian of Harvard College, and minister of 
the First Church, Boston ; Samuel Abbot, Esq., one of the 
founders of the Theological Seminary, and many others of 
honorable name. The manufacturers, Messrs. Abel and Pas- 
chal Abbot, were well known at Andover, 181 5-1837. 

The descendants of George Abbot, Sen., on the two hun- 
dredth anniversary of the settlement of the town, erected a 
monument to his memory in the South Church Burying 
Ground.^ 

George Abbot. 

Born in England, 

Was one of the first settlers 

of Andover a. d. 1643 

Where in 1647 he married 

Hannah Chandler. 

He died Dec 1681 get 66 

She died June 17 11 aet 82 

Their descendants 

in reverence for their moral 

worth and Christian virtues 

Erected this monument 

A. D. 1843. 

The will of George Abbot ^ is noticeable for its tribute to 
the fidelity and virtues of his wife. 

*' Considering the great love & affection I beare unto my lov- 
ing wife Hannah Abbot and also considering her tender love and 
respect she hath had to me and also considering her care and dil- 
igence in helping to gett and save what God hath blessed us with- 
all, and also her prudence in management of the same, I doe 
therefore leave my whole estate to her & for her use during the 
time of her naturall life and at her death my will is that with the 
advice of my overseers .... shall dispose of my estate that her 
necessity doth not enforce to spend amongst my children." .... 

It was also the will of the father that if " any of the sons 

1 He was buried, doubtless, at North Andover, as there was no other burial- 
place when he died. 

2 Essex Registry of Deeds, vol. iv., p. 44. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 85 

should be guilty of disobedient carriage " toward their mother, 
they should be "cutt short " in their portion. 

The "overseers" alluded to were "my loving brothers 
Thomas Chandler & William Chandler & my loving friend 
John Barker." 

The will was signed 12th December, 1681. The inventory 
of the estate was ;^587 \2s. ^d. 

Some facts, culled from the " Genealogical Register," are 
of general interest, showing the marriage connections made 
by the children ^ of George and Hannah Abbot, with the 
sons and daughters of the other first settlers, from which 
unions sprang at least seventy-three grandchildren : — 

John, b. 1648, m. 1673 Sarah, dr. of Richard Barker. 
George, b. 1655, m. 1678 Dorcas, dr. of Mark Graves. 
William, b. 1657, m. 1682 Elizabeth Gray, dr. of Robert (?) 
Benjamin, b. 1661, m. 1685 Elizabeth, dr. of Ralph Farnum. 
Timothy, b. 1663, m. 17 17 Mary Foster .... 
Thomas, b. 1666, m. 1697 Hannah Gray. 
Nathaniel, b. 167 1, m. 1695 Dorcas Hibbert. 
Hannah, b. 1650, m. 1676 John Chandler, son of Thomas. 
Sarah, b. 1659, m. 1680 Ephraim Stevens, son of John. 
Elizabeth, b. 1673, m. 1692 Nathan Stevens, son of John. 

The mother of this family, the widow Hannah Abbot, be- 
came the third wife of the Rev. Francis Dane. She was, at 
the death of her first husband, fifty-two years of age. There 
is before the writer an original deed of " Hannah Abbot alias 
Dane." It is the only deed found in which a woman alone 
conveys real estate. It was made, of course, after the death 
of both her husbands. The paper is as follows : — 

" Know all men by These presents that I Hannah Abbott : alias 
Dane Relick to gorg Abbott late of Andover deceased for the 
natural afectean I bare to my sons : Timothy : Thomas : and Na- 
thaniel Abbott : doe give to my sons : above named : all my rights 
in the common and undivided land in the Township of Andover 
aforesaid : which doth or may heareafter belong to the lott of my 
former husband : gorg Abbott late of Andover deceased : To have 
and to hold the abovesaid .... [and so forth in legal tautology] 

^ Other children died, — one infant, Joseph ; one son, Joseph, slain by Indians, 
1676. 



86 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

"Whereto I have hereunto set my hand and seal : this : lo : of 
February : 1706-7. 
John Chandler The mark of 

Abiall Chandler Hannah (H) Abbot 

HANNAH CHANDLER AUaS DaNE 

" Essex 

** Mrs Hannah Dane the relick of Mr francis Dane personally ap- 
peared in andeure this 2d of December 1707 : and owned this 
above written Instrument to be Hir voluntary act and deed before 
me. Thomas Noyes 

Justice of the peace ^ 

John Abbot, the eldest son of the first settler, George Ab- 
bot, was the first deacon of the South Church. He died 
1721. He made his will 1716. It and the wills of John 
Abbots, third, fourth, and fifth generation, are in possession 
of Mr. John Abbot, seventh generation, who lives on the 
homestead, and is the seventh John Abbot who has lived 
there. This homestead is in Andover South Parish, on Cen- 
tral Street, west of the South Church. Doubtless George 
Abbot, Sen., removed thither from his first residence at the 
north part of the town (some time before 1676, if the family 
tradition be correct, that this was the scene of the Indian at- 
tack in April, 1676). 

The will of John Abbot gives some particulars respecting 
the mode of life of the wife and mother in early time at And- 
over, — the " relict," as she is styled : — 

" I order my executors to take the whole care to provide for 
their honoured mother, after my decease, first, she shall have the 
liberty of which roome she pleases for to live in, and my executors 
to provide for her sutable clothing of all sorts, for Lining and 
wooling, and meat, drinke and washing and firewood and candels ; 
the wood to be cut and brought into the house, and phisicke and 
tendance in case of sickness, and whatever she wants for her com- 
fort so long as she remains my widow if it be to the day of her 
death, and at her death, I order my executors to give there hon- 
ored mother a decent and Christian Burial, If she dyes my widow, 
but if she shall se Reason to marry again then my executors to be 
free from what I have ordered them to do for her." 

One of the daughters, Priscilla, received a portion of the 




THE EARLY HOME OF REV. DAVID OSGOOD, D. D. 
[ U'liere Jajnes Otis was killed by ligkining.\ 




ANCIENT HOMESTEAD OF THE ABBOTS, — DIVINES AND SCHOLARS. 
[" The old Red House,"' built in 1704, taken down in jS^S.] 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 87 

property, for which her receipt (with autograph signature) 
remains : — 

" May 5, 1722 Received of my brothers John Abbot & Joseph 
Abbot executors, tow cows and six sheep which was given to me 
by the will of my honered father John Abbot late deceased 

Priscila Abbot " 

Priscilla Abbot was never married. She is the first of 
whom any special record remains of the great company 
of "old maids" of Andover. In point of age she stands 
first. At her death, she lacked only a few weeks of being 
one hundred years old. She was born 1691, 7th July ; died 
1 79 1, 24th May. She was of great service as a nurse in 
Andover families. She is described as " mild and meek, 
kind and cheerful, industrious, pious, and contented." 

A grand-niece of this estimable woman, Sarah Abbot, 
daughter of Ephraim Abbot, was another remarkable single 
woman. She was " help " in the family of the Hon. Samuel 
Phillips, North Andover. After his death, she took care of 
the farm, — raised a nursery of a thousand trees, which she 
grafted and sold profitably. She lived to the age of ninety- 
four (1737-1831). She was a large, strong woman, as able 
for out-door work as housework. She was blind before she 
died, and being unable to give up her out-door exercise, used 
to walk by a rope. 

The names of these women are not selected as representa- 
tive of the women of the Abbot family, or of Andover, or as 
models, but simply given as the few which, from their being 
out of the ordinary course of woman's life, have become tra- 
ditional. Those who from choice or necessity stepped aside 
out of the beaten path of woman's dependence are, as a con- 
sequence, conspicuous, while the names of others, many of 
whom were equal in merit, and superior in mental and social 
culture, are lost in oblivion, or are kept only in the unwritten 
memory of family affection and reverence. The only printed 
memorial of the mother of Prof. John Abbot, Dr. Benjamin 
Abbot, and Rev. Abiel Abbot, D. D,, is a sentence that she 
was a woman of " good understanding, sound discretion, 
active benevolence, and unfeigned piety." It is high praise ; 



88 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

and yet it might, no doubt, truly be said of hundreds of women 
of this name and of other names who are unknown, because 
the unobtrusiveness of their lives and the custom of the time 
have kept them from finding a record. 

Besides the ancient homestead of George Abbot, Sen., that 
of his son, Timothy Abbot, is of special interest. It is now 
owned by Mr. Asa A. Abbot, and Mr. Sylvester Abbot, who 
hold the original deeds of its transmission from the first oc- 
cupant. Timothy Abbot was, when a lad of thirteen, carried 
into captivity by the Indians. [See Chapter II.]. Mr. Asa 
A. Abbot, now eighty years old, remembers hearing his great- 
grandmother (who had seen Timothy Abbot) tell the legends 
of his captivity and of his suffering from hunger. 

A volume would hardly suffice to trace the descent and the 
topics of historic interest in connection with the Abbot name 
in the line of George Abbot, Senior. 

John Frye was one of the settlers who was of great note 
in his day, and had a posterity of distinguished reputation. 
An ancient manuscript pedigree makes the following sum- 
mary : — 

" Mr. Fry was one of the first settlers in this Towne and his off- 
spring men of Grate Note ; there was Copprils, Sergeants, Clarks, 
Ensignes, Lieuts, Twelve Captains, Magrs, Cornels and Mager 
Generals, Two Judges of the Corts Superer and Court of Common 
Pleas and two that had the titel of the Honoral Counsellors and 
severall justices of the Peace and some of the Rest Excelen Good 
Citizens." 

Among the eminent names were Chaplain Jonathan Frye, 
mortally wounded in Lovewell's fight, 1725 ; Capt. Nathaniel 
Frye, representative, 1743 ; Col. James Frye and Gen. Joseph 
Frye, of the French War and Revolutionary service ; Col. 
Peter Frye, resident in Salem, a Tory and refugee ; Hon. 
Simon Frye, who settled in Fryeburg, Me. Mr. Frederick 
Frye was a prominent citizen of North Andover about 1800 
and thereafter. Mr. Enoch Frye now lives on one of the an- 
cient homesteads ; the house was built about 1730 by " Great 
John Frye," who weighed three hundred pounds. " Frye 
Village" was named from Samuel Frye (and his descend- 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 89 

:ants), owner of a mill there about 1720. Mr. Theophilus C. 
Frye, one of the descendants of Samuel Frye, and son of 
Theophilus Frye (owner of the estate now the residence of 
Mr. John Smith), has written a pedigree of the Frye family. 
Other representatives of the name are Mr. Nathan Frye, 
lately treasurer of the Marland Manufacturing Company ; 
Newton Frye, Esq., representative to the Legislature for 
North Andover, 1879. 

Benjamin Woodbridge. It has been conjectured by some 
persons that this name on the list of first freeholders was an 
error, and should have been John Woodbridge, the minister. 
But ministers had no house-lot rights, and, moreover, the 
name of Benjamin Woodbridge occurs on the lists of persons 
assessed for ministers' rates again and again, but with his 
rights or estates credited to another man, ''alias Thomas 
Chandler." This shows that he had left the town. He was 
undoubtedly the distinguished brother of Rev. John Wood- 
bridge, the first graduate of Harvard College, whom Presi- 
dent Dunster called the " most honorable of his class," and 
whom Cotton Mather named " Leader of the Whole Com- 
pany, A Star of the first magnitude," and of whom Calamy 
says : " He was a great man every way, the lasting glory, as 
well as the First Fruits of that Academy." 

When he graduated from the college there was probably no 
special opening for him that promised better than the new 
plantation which his brother had an interest in, and he, it is 
not unlikely, at once secured house-lot or acre rights, which 
he might do by a brief residence. In 1647 he went back to 
England and resumed his studies at Oxford, where he took 
his second degree. He entered the ministry, and became 
minister of a church in Newbury, England, but he was for 
a time silenced for his non-conformity. He, however, after- 
ward was allowed to continue his office, and he gained a great 
reputation for learning and eloquence. 

His house-lot rights at Andover remained in the possession 
of Thomas Chandler. In 1724, some descendants of the 
Rev. John Woodbridge laid claim to house-lot rights, but 
their claim was disputed by the proprietors, and there is no 
evidence that it was allowed. 



90 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

About 1750 there were Woodbridges living in Andover, 
and it is supposed they were descendants of the Rev. John 
Woodbridge. This I have not verified. A private of Ando- 
ver in the Revolutionary service bore the illustrious combina- 
tion of names, Dudley Woodbridge. This family is still in 
the town, but, since the departure of the two eminent broth- 
ers and ministers, the name has been inconspicuous in the 
town history. 

Richard Barker is the only citizen knowjt from the rec- 
ords to have been in the town in 1643. His name is con- 
nected with the first ^ recorded business transaction, and 
hardly any town affair of importance for fifty years is on rec- 
ord which does not bear his name as party or witness, peti- 
tioner, etc. He was prominent in church matters, chosen in 
ecclesiastical committees, was selectman again and again, and 
was entrusted with the administration of many estates. He 
lived near the house-lot of John Osgood, on the north side of 
Cochichawicke. His descendants ultimately settled on their 
farm lands ; the several families of Barkers circling almost the 
entire shore of the Great Pond, on the north, east, and south. 

The son of Richard Barker, John Barker, was one of the 
first deacons of the North Church. Lieut. John Barker was 
quartermaster during the Indian wars. The title is given 
him in the epitaph on his gravestone, 1751. 

Private John Barker, in the battle of Bunker Hill, was the 
hero of his company, and displayed a coolness and bravery 
which have given him a name more honorable than titles. 

A brother of the soldier, John Barker, was the Hon. Ste- 
phen Barker. He was born 1771, died 1849 ; was representa- 
tive to the General Court seven years between 181 2 and 
1824 ; was a member of the Convention for revising the Con- 
stitution, 1820 ; and member of the Council, 1825. Others 
of the name, native or resident of Andover, have been Dr. 
Charles Otis Barker, graduate of Harvard College, 1822-, a 
physician in Nashua, N. H., and Lynn, Mass. ; Mr. John 
Barker, of Michigan City and Chicago (died 1878), who made 
a large fortune in the manufacture of railway cars and in the 

1 See page 7. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 9 1 

grain trade ; Jonathan Tyler Barker, an eccentric man of sav- 
ing habits, a peddler and trader, who left a large bequest of 
money to found a free school in Boxford ; Mr. Stephen Bar- 
ker, a graduate of Cambridge Divinity School, 1856, pas- 
tor of Leominster, and chaplain in the United States service 
in the War of the Rebellion. Other members of the Barker 
family, in several branches, have been rich and respected 
farmers in North Andover, and their descendants are among 
the young men of influence in the town. 

" Daniel Poore and Mary Farnum were married at Bos- 
ton, Oct. 20, 1650." The estates of the Poor family lay 
along the Shawshin River, at North Andover, on the old 
road to Lawrence. The house still stands on the right bank 
of the river, which was occupied by the third generation, 
from Daniel Poor, and it is said that not far from here was 
one of the block houses, built in " Shawshin Fields " by 
order of the Colonial Government in 1704. 

The will 1 and inventory of Daniel Poor were on record 
1689: — 

" In the name off God Amen : I Daniel Poor senr. of Andover 
in the County of Essex in New England Husbandman, being at 
ppsent of a sound mind & memory though very sick of body, & 
considering y*' dangerousness of my disease & not knowing how 
soone my great change may be, have thought it meet & doe ac- 
cordingly make this my last will and testament in manner & form 
following : ffirst I bequeath & resign my soul unto y* hands of god 
that gave it & my body to be decently interred in the earth from 
whence it was taken, in hope & firm assurance of y" pardon of all 
my sins & of a blessed and happy resurrection through the alone 
meritt & mediation of my Lord & Saviour Jesus Christ. And as 
for my worldly goods and outward estate, whether real, personal or 
mixt, (my just debts & funeral expenses being discharged) I give 
& bequeathe in manner following, 

/;///. I give and bequeath unto my dear wife Mary my dwelling 
house with all my household stuff & y* one half of my Land on 
this side Shawshin River both arable land, pasture land & 
mowing ground, together with my whole stock of neat cattle, 
sheep, swine & horses, (and alsoe above two thirds of my koit 

1 Essex County Court Papers, vol. xiix., p. 32. 



92 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

yard) Barn and corne upon y* ground & what provision I have 
in y* house & what money I shall leave out of this aboves'd es- 
tate I would have my aboves'd wife as soon as conveniently she 
can pay to my daughter Ruth twenty pounds & to my daughter 
Lucy twenty pounds. Confiding in my s** wife that she will deal 
by them as well as she hath by her other daughters ; and after 
that she will pay all my honest and just debts and receive what 
is due to me after, I give my sd wife all my husbandrie tackling 
of what kind or nature soever & after my Dear wife's decease 
y® abovesaid Land shall goe to my eldest son Daniell. 

Imp. I give to my son Daniell y** other half of my land on this 
side of Shawshin river (excepting three acres I have given to 
my daughter Martha which her husband has built upon & 
mostly improved) alsoe a parcell of lowe ground on y" west side 
of Shawshin river being bounded with the highway & land of 
John Granger, y* River & y* Common : my sayd son Daniell 
paying within two years after my Decease ten pounds apiece to 
my Daughters, Ruth & Lucy in good merchantable pay att y* 
current price. 

Itt. To my son John all my upland .... with the meadow- 
ground.^ 

As for my daughters Mary, Sarah, Hannah, Deborah, they have 

already received their full portions according to intent & ability. 
///. I give to my daughter Martha twenty acres of land .... 
///. I give to my daughter Elizabeth all the meadow I have in 

Wade's meadow .... 
///. I give to my daughter Priscilla my meadow on the west side 

of Shawshin River commonly called the Pond meadow. 
///. To my daughters Ruth & Lucy who are yet unmarried, I give 

forty pounds to each of them to be paid as is before exprest. 
Itt. I give to my brother in law Jno ffarnum a Parcell of meadow 

— two acres .... on furthest side of Woodchuck meadow . . . 
///. I constitute and appoint my two sons Daniell & John Poor to 

be my executors. Desiring and commending them according to 

their ability to be help full unto their mother as her necessity 

shall require. Hereby making void all former wills or writings 

of this nature. 
As witness my hand & seal this ist day of June in the year of our 

Lord sixteen hundred eighty nine. 

His mark 

Daniel -\- Poor 
1 The will is here abridged, only an outline given to indicate noticeable points. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 93 

" Signed & sealed Dudley Bradstreet 
in presence of Thomas Barnard 

Christopher Osgood. 
" Mr. Dudley Bradstreet, Mr. The. Barnard & Christopher Os- 
good made oath in Court att Salem 24"' June 1690 that they were 
present &: Saw Daniell Poore signe seall & declare y° above written 
to bee his last will & testament & y' he was of disposing mind to 
y" best intent and understanding. 

Attest Benj. Gerrish, Clerk." 

It is interesting and instructive to compare the inventory 
of this estate of a first settler, who had lived nearly fifty 
years in the town, with the inventories of the two other first 
settlers who died, the former within ten, the latter within 
twenty years of the first planting of Cochichawick. The 
third, and latest, is noticeably larger than the two earlier 
ones, and indicates a much greater degree of luxury in house- 
hold furniture : — 

Imp. To apparell & purse, 

///. To bedding & furniture with bedsteads cords & malts, 

Itt. To a pair of curtains & Vallons, 

///. To bed linen, sheets & pillow beers, 

///. To table-linen clothes & napkins & towels, 

Itt. To 20 yds of new cloth unmade with bed linen, 

///. To Iron pots, brass kettles, trammels tongs &c., 

///. To chests, boxes, wooden ware, tables chaires &c, 

///. To arms & ammunition, 

///. To flax, hemp, wool, feathers, & other things overlooked, 

Itt. To books, 

///. To provision, wheat, r^'e, Indian corn &c, 

///. To mowing grass, 

Itt. To husbandry, tackling, old iron, boards &c^ 

Itt. To stock of cattle, horses, sheep & swine, 

///. To Housing, barns & kort yard, 

Itt. To about 100 acres of upland, mowing ground and pasture 

(;^25o), 

///. To about an hundred acres of wilderness Land, 

Itt. To meadowe at Woodchuck meadowe, 

///. To meadowe over Shawshin river, 

///. To meadow part of his last Division, 

Sum Total ;^756. 14^-. 8^. 



94 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Among the principal names of this family were the distin- 
guished officers of the Revolution, Col. Thomas Poor, of 
Andover (North) and Methuen, and Gen. Enoch Poor, of 
Exeter, N. H., a native of North Andover. Others of con- 
siderable local influence v^ere Dea. Daniel Poor, a wealthy 
farmer of Andover (South Parish), owner of the " Captain 
Perry House," ^ Andover, which he built for his residence ; 
Dea. Joseph Poor, who lived at Danvers, father of the Rev. 
Daniel Poor, D. D., one of the early missionaries to India ; 
the late Mr. Henry Poor, merchant, of New York, some time 
resident of North Andover. George H. Poor, Esq., trial 
justice, Andover, attorney and counsellor at law, Boston ; 
Mr. Albert Poor, graduate of Harvard College, 1879, and many 
others of the name are well-known and respected citizens. 
In the present city of South Lawrence, the " Shawshin 
Fields," during the Revolutionary time, Mr. John Poor was 
a large landholder and a man of influence. In that region, 
in the pre-revolutionary time, lived Timothy Poor, innholder, 
and after the Revolution, down to 1800 or thereabouts, 
Ebenezer Poor and Benjamin Poor kept the inn known sub- 
sequently as the " Shawsheen House." Capt. Stephen Poor 
had a fulling mill about 1800, at the mouth of the Shawshin 
River. 

Nicholas Holt was a town officer of some note, and a 
man of considerable estate, yet he oftener made his mark than 
wrote his name, although there is one instance found when 
he with difficulty signed his autograph to a petition. An 
original deed is before me by which, in 1680, he conveyed 
about twenty acres of upland to his son-in-law, in considera- 
tion of the 

" Naturall Love and affection I bear unto my daughter Sarah 
not long since married unto Roger Marks." &c. 

>S his 

"" Nicholas H Holt. 

mark 

This settler was, however, the progenitor of a line of de- 
scendants noticeable for their attention to learning. The 

1 Central Street, now owned by Mr. Lyman A. Belknap. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 95 

Holt family includes four college graduates prior to 1800: 
Joseph Holt, son of Timothy, graduate H. U. 1739, teacher 
of the Andover Grammar School ; Rev. Nathan Holt, grad- 
uate H. U. 1757, minister of Dan vers ; Moses Holt, graduate 
H. U. 1767, trader at Portland; Rev. Peter Holt, son of 
Joshua Holt, Esq., graduate H. U. 1790, minister, Epping, 
N. H. ; also, in 18 13, Jacob Holt, son of Dane Holt, graduated 
at Dartmouth College, and ordained at Brookline, N. H. 

During the Revolution, Joshua Holt, Esq., commanded a 
company of minute-men, April 19, 1775 ; was representative 
to the General Court fifteen times between 1776 and 1800, 
and several times thereafter, was justice of the peace and 
deacon of the South Church thirty-four years. His home- 
stead is south of the West Parish Meeting-house. His son, 
Solomon Holt, was among the first deacons of the West 
Church, and was succeeded in office by his son, Dea. Sol- 
omon Holt, now in the fiftieth year of his office, and in the 
eighty-first of his age. 

The Holt family, in all its branches, is very large, and in- 
cludes many names of considerable influence in town affairs. 
The most ancient dwelling-house, now disused, was the resi- 
dence of the late Mr. Dean Holt (owned by Mr. Ballard 
Holt), on Holt's Hill, sometimes called Prospect Hill, 
Andover. There is a tradition that it was the dwelling- 
house of Nicholas Holt, the first settler, or that it was 
built more than two hundred years ago. Its style of con- 
struction does not correspond with that of the houses known 
to have been of that age in the town ; but there is little 
doubt that Nicholas Holt lived, if not in this house, on this 
homestead at some period. In the beginning he, like all 
the first householders, dwelt on one of the house-lots at 
North Andover ; but from a paper found among the manu- 
scripts of the Abbot family (with which the Holts intermar- 
ried), it appears that in March, 1675, the land around the 
house of Nicholas Holt had not been laid out, and that it was 
not one of the original four- or eight-acre lots bounded by 
the house-lots of other settlers. The presumption is that 
he had then built a house out of the village on his farm 
lands ; and it is not unlikely that he and George Abbot, Sen., 



96 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

and other settlers, took up their abode about the same time 
in the south part of the town. The clause in the paper in 
regard to the highway " going up " to his house is an unusual 
form of expression in the ancient descriptions, and seems to 
imply a height of land, and to point to this ancient homestead 
as the one referred to. The following is the paper : — 

" We whose Names are under-written being desired and deputed 
by y'' Town of Andover To state or New Marke Nicholas holts 
senr his Land about his house, we have agreed and stated the 
Bounds as under-written (viz) The Southwest corner in the fence 
there is a walnut tree marked ; from Thence we Run upon a 
straight Line to a white Oak Tree upon a straight Line To a white 
oak marked with H : which we judge to be near an Easterly Line 
from y*" white Oak marked with H. To a Black Oak marked 
which Line is southerly : from that Black oak we Ran westerly 
To a black oak standing in y* fence Near the highway going up 
to his house and from Thence to the First named Walnutt : as the 
fence Now standeth and To these our agreement we have sett To 
our hands y^ 8 off ist month 167!^ 

" Vera Copia out of Andover Book of Records for Land. 

Christopher Osgood Clerk" 

At the ancient dwelling-house now standing on the estate^ 
Mr. Bache, of the Coast Survey, spent some weeks to obtain 
outlines of the coast, the view from the hill being one of the 
most extensive in the vicinity. This hill is said to have been, 
on the 17th of June, 1775, thronged with citizens, anxiously 
watching the flames of Charlestown. 

Thomas Chandler and William Chandler stood among 
the most influential of the first settlers. They were brothers, 
sons of William Chandler, of Roxbury. Their sister Hannah 
was the wife of George Abbot, Sen., and of the Rev. Francis 
Dane. There were four different representatives to the Gen- 
eral Court of the Chandler name in the first century of the 
town history, — Ensign Thomas Chandler, 1678; Captain 
Thomas Chandler, 1690 ; Captain John Chandler, 1704 ; Mr. 
Thomas Chandler, Jr., 1735. The descendants ^ of the Chand- 

1 A Genealogy, written by Dr. Chandler of Worcester, is a work of great re- 
search, and in many parts of graphic interest. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 97 

ler name, in Andover and in other towns of the State, have 
been numerous and honorable. 

Thomas Chandler — the representative, 1678 — was a black- 
smith, ultimately a rich man, carrying on considerable iron 
works, of which he makes mention in his will, giving to each 
of his sons a fourth part of his share in the iron works. It 
is traditional, though not authenticated, that these works 
were on the Shawshin, at or near the present site of Marland 
village. 

There is before the writer an original deed of the first set- 
tler, Thomas Chandler, which has been kept in the family of 
the "party" to whom it was given. Thomas Chandler wrote 
a quite handsome hand, but his wife made "her marke." 
This deed classes him as yeoman. It conveys to John Abbot, 
" for nine pounds currant money, one end of a meadow com- 
monly called Beaver dam meadow lying in the bounds of 
Andover about six miles southward from the Towne of And- 
over and contayneth about six Akers be the same more or 
less bounded south west with the meadow of Joseph Balard 
and a beaver dame, east with Oburne lyen " (and so on, the 
other bounds being marked trees). This deed is dated No- 
vember 25, 1684, 

William Chandler, brother of Thomas Chandler, kept an 
inn on the Ipswich road to Billerica. His troubles with some 
of his townsmen have been previously related. Thomas 
Chandler's son Thomas was likewise representative to the 
General Court. The Chandlers were military men of consid- 
erable local fame in the Indian wars. Captain Thomas Chand- 
ler doing some service in scouting. 

Ensign John Chandler was famous for his athletic prowess 
and strength. He was a great wrestler, and loved to chal- 
lenge to the contest any one who boasted of skill in this art, 
formerly so fashionable. But he met his match in the Rev. 
Mr. Wise, of Ipswich, who, at first declining the contest as 
improper for his profession, at last yielded, and, taking his 
opponent off his guard, with a " trip and a twitch," threw 
him high over the garden wall, which was built against an 
embankment. 

Another story, which has some elements of improbability, 
7 



■98 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

is that, having been impressed for military duty in the king's 
service in the French and Indian wars, he was walking be- 
side the officers on his way to the place of rendezvous, when, 
coming to a cellar of a house which had been burnt, and 
where the ashes were still smoking, he seized and threw into 
the hole the two officers of guard and went his way. This ^ 
Ensign or Captain (afterward) John Chandler settled at Con- 
cord, N. H. 

One of the ancient homesteads of the Chandlers, con- 
nected with names of note, is in the West Parish, northeast 
of the Meeting-house, owned by Mr. Joshua Chandler. It 
is now of large extent, and was anciently larger, including 
the estate of the late Mr. Joseph Chandler. The Chandlers 
were regardful of education, some of them in their will mak- 
ing provision for the liberal education of their sons at " the 
college." In the first century of the town history there were 
three graduates of Harvard College, ministers, of the Chand- 
ler name, all of whom were of some considerable note in 
their time: Rev. James Chandler graduated 1728, settled at 
Rowley ; Rev. Samuel Chandler graduated 1735, settled at 
York, Me. ; Rev. John Chandler graduated 1743, settled at 
Billerica. 

Other names of more or less note are Philemon Chandler, 
conspicuous in town affairs during the Revolutionary war ; 
Capt. Joshua Chandler, representative to the Legislature, 
181 7 (whose homestead was the one mentioned in the West 
Parish, north of the Meeting-house). Among his sons were 
Mr. John Chandler, of the firm of Chandler & Co., dry goods 
merchants, Boston, and Mr. Nathan Chandler, of the firm of 
Monroe & Chandler, bankers, New York. Mr. Joseph Chand- 
ler, Jr., son of Joseph Chandler (the owner of a part of the 
ancient West Parish homestead), died in the United States 
service, at Ship Island, 1861, a young man of great promise. 
The family is large, and has many other locally influential 
names, besides a wide connection of distinction in other 
towns. 

1 Such seems to be the statement of the genealogist. Possibly it was a son of 
Ensign John Chandler. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 99 

John Lovejoy and Mary Osgood, of Ipswich, were mar- 
ried 165 1. Tiieir son, William Lovejoy, settled in the South 
Precinct, and was one of the first deacons of the South 
Church, 171 1. There are sixty members of this name on 
the lists of the South Church before the West Parish was 
set off. The name has been perpetuated chiefiy in the South 
and West Parishes, The families there have been among 
the good yeomanry, upholders of order, sobriety, and religion. 
In the west part of the town, the homesteads of Deacon John 
Lovejoy, Deacon Ballard Lovejoy, and the late Deacon Eben- 
ezer Lovejoy, are within a short distance of each other, about 
a mile west of the Meeting-house. Among the conspicuous 
names of this family were Capt. Nathaniel Lovejoy, in the 
Revolutionary period, and his son, Gen. Nathaniel Lovejoy, a 
graduate of Harvard College 1766, a trader at North An- 
dover ; also Capt. William Lovejoy, of Andover (South). 
Among the emigrants from the town were the late Deacon 
William R, Lovejoy, East Boston, and the late Mr. Joseph 
Lovejoy, founder of the firm of Lovejoy & Sons, carpet mer- 
chants, Boston. The ancient homestead of Deacon Ebenezer 
Lovejoy is now owned and occupied by Mr. Isaac Carruth. 
Some of the family papers show the transmission of estates 
from the year 1692. In 1876 the widow of James Lovejoy^ 
mother of Dea. Ballard Lovejoy, died, in her one hundredth 
year, in remarkable possession of her faculties of mind and 
body. 

Andrew Foster, the first, as it seems, of the many of this 
name in Andover, died 1685, aged 106, or thereabouts. His 
will leaves to his " deare and loving wife Ann Foster the use 
& sole liberty of living in that end of my house I now live 
in." This aged woman ended her days in Salem jail, under 
condemnation for witchcraft. Abraham Foster, son of the 
above, had estates in the southwest part of the town, and, 
either from him or from his father, Foster's Pond probably 
received its name. A deed dated 1721, signed Abraham Fos- 
ter, Junior, conveys land on the southerly side of Foster's 
Pond, from the " great Ridg and Reeding medow and to 
Nod line to a littel Brook that Runs into foster pond." 



lOO HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

The name of Foster in the Andovers has sprung from sev- 
eral sources, and to trace their origin and descent would be a 
work of much genealogical research. 

One of the prominent names in the early town history was 
Ephraim Foster. He was a grandson of Reginald Foster, a 
citizen of Ipswich of some consideration, and who is said by 
genealogists to have been descended from an ancient family 
of Forster mentioned by Walter Scott in his tales and ballads 
of Scottish border warfare. Ephraim Foster was a man con- 
spicuous in the town matters of Andover, although not con- 
nected prominently with the military or the civil history. He 
seems, judging from the numerous documents in his hand- 
writing, to have excelled as a scribe, and to have been versed 
in the art of punctuation, then little known to the majority of 
our town officials. His favorite point was the colon, with which 
his papers are plentifully besprinkled, without regard to the 
grammatical or rhetorical construction. This characteristic 
appears in the " Proprietors' Records," where his handwriting 
occurs.^ 

Some of the family estates were in the east part of North 
Andover. On one of the ancient homesteads (that afterward 
occupied by J. M. Hubbard, Esq., and noted for the large and 
beautiful elm tree, still vigorous) was born one of the most 
eminent of the natives of North Andover, the Hon. Jedediah 
Foster, son of Ephraim Foster. After graduating at Har- 
vard College, 1744, he studied law and settled in Brookfield, 
was prominent as a statesman before the Revolution, and a 
distinguished patriot in the Revolutionary struggle. He was 
justice of the Court of Common Pleas and of the Superior 
Court. He died 1779. The names of his descendants have 
been among the most honored, and of national reputation. 
His son was the Hon. Dwight Foster, of Brookfield, United 

1 The following record in his handwriting, which is remarkably clear and leg- 
ible, illustrates this peculiarity : — 

" At a Lawfull metting of the proprietors of the town of Andover : on the : 
21 : day of desember : 1714 : By virtue of a warrant from Collonal Samuell Ap- 
pleton : Esquier one of his majesties : justises of the peece for the county of 
Essex .... Ephraim ffoster was chosen the proprietors clerke : for y* year en- 
suinge : or untell Another : is chosen and sworne in his Rome And was then 
sworne : Before : Joseph : Woodbridge Esquire : " etc. — Prop. Rec, \., p. 8. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. lOI 

States Senator, who died 1823. His grandson is the Hon. 
Dwight Foster, of Boston, Of the Ephraim Foster line of 
connection are Moses Foster, Esq., cashier of Andover Bank, 
and Mr. David Foster, sometime mayor of Beloit, Wisconsin, 
sons of Mr. Moses Foster, the well-known innkeeper of North 
Andover fifty years ago. 

Other representatives of the Foster name in North Ando- 
ver were Rev. Stephen Foster, son of John Foster, a grad- 
uate of Dartmouth College, 1821, a home-missionary and 
teacher in the Southern States, and afterward resident in 
North Andover ; and Isaac Foster, graduate of Dartmouth 
College, 1828. Mr. Daniel Foster and Mr. John Foster were 
traders of North Andover many years. The latter, now liv- 
ing, was also postmaster. The name is now represented by 
some of the most enterprising farmers in the town, among 
them, especially, Mr. John Plummer Foster has an excellent 
farm, formerly owned by his father, Dea. Charles Foster, near 
the Great Pond, and is well known in local affairs. 

The homestead of Daniel Foster, Dr. Simon Foster, and 
their three sisters (on the north side of the Great Pond) was, 
at the death of the last sister, about sixteen years since, by 
mutual bequest left to be sold for the benefit of the Andover 
Theological Seminary and Missionary Societies. It is now 
owned by the Hon. William A. Russell, of Lawrence, who 
has enlarged and improved it at a great outlay of money and 
labor, so that it is now one of the finest and most noted farms 
in the county. 

William Foster, of Rowley village (Boxford), also a de- 
scendant of Reginald Foster, in 1678 removed to North 
Andover, and subsequently to the west part of the town. 
Among his descendants were the brothers, Capt. Asa Foster, 
of the French War service, and Ensign John Foster, active 
patriots of the Revolution. A son of Capt. Asa Foster was 
Rev. Abiel Foster, minister of Canterbury, N. H., 1761, who 
entered into politics and became celebrated in his adopted 
State, was appointed Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, 
and elected member of the United States Congress. One of 
the homesteads of this family was not far from the West Meet- 
ing-house, — near the present residence of Mr. Charles Shat- 



102 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

tuck, — where an inn or public house was kept. Of this line 
of descent — grandson of Capt. John Foster — was Mr. Wil- 
liam Foster, who kept a boarding-school for boys in Andover, 
South Parish, about 1794-18 17, and who was father of the 
late William P. Foster. Other well-known citizens of the 
name were Capt. Thomas C. Foster, proprietor of the Eagle 
Hotel, and representative to the Legislature, 1838, and his 
son, Rev. Thomas E. Foster, a teacher in Phillips Academy. 

Among others of the name now prominent in Andover 
are Hon. George Foster, editor of the " Andover Advertiser' 
department of the " Lawrence American," and his son, George 
W. Foster, Esq., town clerk ; Mr. William H. Foster, con- 
nected with the Boston Public Library, and Mr. Joseph W. 
Foster, son of Capt. Thomas C. Foster, merchant of Boston. 

William Ballard was a considerable land-owner, though 
not so much in public offices as some of the first settlers. 
His son, Joseph Ballard, was constable in 1688, and has the 
fame of bringing the first charge of witchcraft against An- 
dover citizens. Joseph and John Ballard were the first who 
started a fulling-mill in Andover. The Ballard mill is often 
mentioned in the ancient records. Timothy Ballard was a 
large land-owner about 1790, in the district afterward named 
the Ballardvale. 

Hezekiah Ballard was an innkeeper of Revolutionary time. 
Some of the Ballard descendants, emigrants from Andover, 
have engaged successfully in manufactures. 

Joseph Parker and Nathan Parker were citizens of 
much consideration. Joseph Parker owned a tannery and 
had a corn-mill. His property was apprized at " 546 pounds 
sterling, the dwelling-house 68 pounds, the corn mill on the 
Cochichawick 20 pounds." In 1678 he made his wilP ("con- 
sidering my great age and infirmity"), appointing as overseers 
of it " my loving brother Nathan Parker, my loving friend 
Left. John Abbot, my loving friend Henry Ingalls, and lov- 
ing friend Ensigne Thomas Chandler." After bequests to 
his sons, Stephen, Samuel, and Thomas, he makes bequests 

1 County Court Papers, vol. xxx., p. 24. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 103 

to Mary, Sarah, and Ruth, his daughters, and " to my deare 
wife (Mary) I give all my estate in old England, that of Rum- 
sey and any legacies left me by friends." Afterward the son 
petitions that he may be allowed to take charge of money 
come from England to his mother, as she was incapable " of 
managing it by reason of distemper of mind." The name 
of Mary Parker is that of one of the Andover women hanged 
for witchcraft in 1692, and there is a probability that she was 
the same person here alluded to, and that her mental dis- 
order tended to heighten the public belief in her complicity 
with evil spirits — in practising witchcraft. 

Joseph Parker, 2d, to whom the corn-mill was left, made 
his wilP in 1684. He was a carpenter. His property was 
apprized at 402 pounds sterling; the mill at 100 pounds. 
He bequeathed it absolutely, with every part, " to my deare 
and loveing wife Elizabeth till my only child Joseph shall 
come to the age of twenty-one years." He was an innholden 
as was also his son, Joseph Parker, 3d. The latter was rep- 
resentative to the General Court. 

Capt. James Parker and Capt. Peter Parker, sons of Joseph 
Parker, 3d, were prominent citizens and officers in the French 
and Indian War. 

Mr. Isaac Parker kept a public house at North Andover, 
about 1800. 

Nathan Parker, first settler, had not a large estate, yet he 
seems to have been a man of some consequence. He drew 
up a great many papers, as, for instance, that of the appren- 
tice Job Tyler before alluded to. He may have been a pro- 
fessional scrivener ; there were men of this trade or profes- 
sion in the colonies, and although their learning, or technical 
skill, might give them some advantage, they would not be 
likely to get riches in a small country town. Whether or no 
Nathan Parker was a writer, he was not a reader, or owner 
of many books. His inventory ^ has the following items: 
" Bridle, sadle, and pillion, pewter, glass bottles and bookes," 
— all valued at two pounds. The entire inventory amounted 
to 148 pounds sterling. 

^ Court Papers, vol. xlii., p. 56. 
"^ Court Papers, vol. xxxi., p. 95. 



104 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Two sons of Nathan and Mary Parker were killed by the 
Indians at Scarborough. Nathan Parker left his whole estate 
to his wife, " for the education and bringing up of Mary y® 
daughter of y^ deceased til she come of age & then she is 
to have half the estate." The unusual circumstance of men- 
tioning the education of a daughter would imply, on the part 
of the father, a special interest in learning. 

The name of Parker has been connected prominently with 
Boxford Parish, members of which were residents of North 
Andover. Among these, Capt. Asa Parker, deacon of the 
Second Church, was a prominent citizen during the Revolu- 
tionary period, 

Robert Barnard, the first settler, had a house-lot and 
dwelling near Mr. Simon Bradstreet's. Stephen Barnard 
was a weaver. The descendants removed to the west part 
of the town, and the ancient Barnard estates lay along the 
Merrimack River. 

Robert Barnard, a grandson of the first settler, had a law- 
suit with the Proprietors of Andover for some years, 171 5- 
1720. The following is the first mention made of it in the 
"Proprietors' Records" : — 

"At a lawful meeting of the Proprietors of y* common and 
undivided Lands in Andover on the 27 : day of June 17 15 Capt. 
George Abbot was chosen moderator for said meeting. 

" Voatted and passed to chuse agents or attornies to defend our 
Wrights against Robert Barnard Administrator to the estate of his 
grandfather Robert Barnard formerly of Andover desest at the 
next Inferer Court of Common pleas to be holden at Salem the 
Last Tuesday of June Currant for the County of Essex. 

" Capt. James Frie, Mr. John Ames and Mr. William Foster was 
chosen agents and attornies for the proprietors of Andover for the 
Service abovesaid to defend their Rights from Cort to Cort." 

The Barnard name has not in this line of descent ever 
been prominent in the town history, though the citizens have 
been men of some local note in their places of abode. The 
oldest representative of the name now living in Andover is 
Mr. Osgood Barnard, of the West Parish, aged eighty. He 
is an old-fashioned shoemaker, and in his neat little shop in 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 105 

the front yard of his comfortable dwelling-house, seated on 
his bench, surrounded by the various implements of his craft, 
all in perfect order, he receives with simple dignity his visit- 
ors, and talks with more good sense on current topics and 
past events than some men talk who wear broadcloth and 
sit with dignitaries in seats of honor. On the shelf above 
his bench is a small but well-read pile of books, ancient 
school-readers, old memoirs, hymn-book, and the Bible. The 
village mail has sometimes been sent here for distribution, so 
that the shoemaker is also a sort of postmaster. If Andover 
had a Mr. Longfellow the little shop and its owner might 
have found an immortality like that of the village smithy 
under the spreading chestnut tree. 

The name of Barnard is among those locally well known 
in several parts of Andover. The name is in some of the 
branches continued, probably by descendants of the Rev. 
Thomas Barnard ; but in none of the lines of descent has 
it attained eminence in the town history since the colonial 
period. 

Andrew Allen was constable at an early day in Ando- 
ver. He had a son, Andrew Allen, whose suit to Elizabeth 
Richardson and his father's "incorridgement for a liveli- 
hood " have been already described.^ There is before me 
an original deed, given by this Elizabeth Allen after her hus- 
band's death, — one of the few in which a woman is the prin- 
cipal. In this deed the widow, jointly with the children, gives 
the quitclaim. 

" . . . . Elizabeth Allen Relect of Andrew Allen, and Elizabeth, 
Andrew and Sarah Allen .... all of us Relect and cheldren of 
Andrew Allen .... know yee that wee ye said Elizabeth and my 
three children Elizabeth Andrew and Sarah Allen &c " [after this 
and other repetition supposed to be needful to legal dignity, the 
main fact is arrived at] " for eighty nine pounds we the abovesaid 
.... granted, Remised, Released and quit claimed to Ephraim 
Abbot their part share and dividend of that Meseuage or Tenna- 
ment where y^ abovenamed Andrew Allin formerly lived, contain- 
ing about twenty two acres in the homestead .... and .... 
(other land) near Flagg}' Meadow." 

1 Page 77. 



I06 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Four red wax seals, with an elaborate stamp, — an S and a 
star, and other emblems, are appended to the document, and 
the marks of the widow and the daughters, and the autograph 
of the son : — 

her 

Elizabeth X Allen, [Seal.] 

marke 
her 

Elizabeth E A Allan. [Seal.] 

marke 

Andrew Allin. [Seal.] 

her 

Sarah S A Allin. [Seal.] 

mark 

The daughter of Andrew Allen, Sen. (first settler), was 
married to Thomas Carrier, and was hanged for witchcraft. 
Another daughter, married to Roger Toothaker of Billerica, 
was murdered by the Indians. 

Of the other first settlers on the list, the following are said^ 
to have had no descendants in the town fifty years ago : 
Henry Jacques, Richard Blake, Thomas Poor, John Russ, 
John Aslet. 

The will of John Aslet is preserved in the " County Court 
Papers" (vol. xvii., p. 105). 

"The last wil& Testament of me, John Aslet upon the 15th 
day of the third month 1671, being in perfect memory blessed be 
the Lord. 



Francis Dane. 
Alexander Sessions. 



witnesses. J^"^ I A ^''f^" 

his I f 1 marke 



The family names in the first list of freeholders, which 
have now all been referred to, are as follows : Abbot, Allen, 
Aslet, Ballard, Barker, Barnard, Blake, Bradstreet, Chandler, 
Faulkner, Foster, Frye, Holt, yacqiies, Lovejoy, Osgood, Parker, 
Poor, Russ, Stevens, Woodbridge. 

In the year 1678 all the male citizens ^ in each town were 

1 Abbot's History, 1829. 

2 Not alphabetically arranged in the original. Registry 0/ Deeds, "Ipswich," 
Book IV. Those surnames marked * are not in the first list of freeholders. 
It will be noticed that the name Sutton does not appear on either this list or the 
foregoing, — the arrival and removal of Richard Sutton being between the two 
dates. Mr. Woodbridge was also removed before 1678. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 107 



ordered to take the oath of allegiance to the king. The fol- 
lowing is the list of names recorded for the town of Ando- 
ver : — 

'■'•A List of all the Male Persons in Andover from sixteen years old 
that took oath of Alegancc ffebruary 1 1, 1678." 

*Eirres, Zecharias. Marble, Jacob. 

*Farnum, John. Marble, Joseph. 

Farnum, Ralph, Senr. *Marston, John, Senr. 

Farnum, Ralph, Junr. 

Farnum, Thomas. 

Faulkner, Mr. Edmond. 

Faulkner, John. 



Abbot, George, Senr. 
Abbot, George, Junr. 
Abbot, George, tailor. 
Abbot, John. 
Abbot, John, Junr. 
Abbot, Thomas. 
Abbot, William. 
Abbot, Benjamin. 
Allen, Andrew, Senr. 
Allen, Andrew, Junr. 
Allen, John. 
Aslett, John. 
*Balden, Titus. 
Ballard, William, Senr. 
Ballard, William, Junr. 
Ballard, Joseph, 
Ballard, John. 
Barker, Richard, Senr. 
Barker, Richard, Junr. 
Barker, Ebenezer. 
Barker, John. 
Barker, Stephen. 
Barker, William. 
Barnard, Stephen. 
*Bigsbie, Daniel. 
*Blunt, William. 

Bradstreet, Mr. Dudley. 
*Brewer, Thomas. 
*Bridges, John. 
*Carlton, John. 
Chandler, John. 



Marston, John, Junr. 
Marston, Jacob. 
Marston, Joseph. 
*Martin, Samuel. 



Foster, Andrew, 101 yrs. *Nichols, Nicholas. 



old. 

Foster, Ephraim. 

Frie, John. 

Frie, John, Junr. 

Frie, Samuel. 

Frie, James. 
*Gray, Robert. 
*Gutterson, John. 

Holt, Nicholas, Senr. 

Holt, Nicholas, Junr. 

Holt, James. 

Holt, Samuel. 

Holt, Henry. 

Holt, Daniel. 
*Hutchinson, Samuel. 
*Ingalls, Henry, Senr. 

Ingalls, Henry, Junr. 

Ingalls, John. 

Ingalls, Samuel. 
*Johnson, Thomas. 

Johnson, John. 

Johnson, Stephen. 

Johnson, Returne. 

Johnson, William. 



Chandler, Ens. Thomas 
Chandler, William, Senr. *Kempe, Samuel. 
Chandler, William, Junr. *Lacey, Lawrence. 
Chandler, Wm., son of 
Tho. 
*Dane, Francis. 
Dane, Francis, Junr. 
Dane, Nathaniel. 



Lovejoy, John, Senr. 
Love joy, John, Junr. 
Lovejoy, William. 
Lovejoy, Christopher. 
*Marble, Samuel. 

Following are some brief memoranda respecting the family 
names on the above list which did not appear on the list of 
first freeholders. These, however, are merely outlines, nei- 



Osgood, Left. John. 

Osgood, Christopher. 

Osgood, John, Junr. 

Osgood, Stephen. 

Osgood, Thomas. 

Osgood, Timothy. 

Parker. Joseph. 

Pa/ker, Nathan. 

Parker, John. 
*Phelps, Edward, Junr. 

Poore, Daniel, Senr. 

Poore, Daniel, Junr. 

Poore, John, Junr. 
*Preston, John. 

Preston, Samuel. 
*Robinson, Joseph. 
*Russell, Robert. 

Rust, John, Senr. 

Rust, John, Junr. 
*Salter, Henry. 
♦Sessions, Alexander. 

Stevens, John. 
Stevens, Nathan. 
Stevens, Ephraim. 
Stevens, Benjamin. 
*Stone, Hugh. 
*Wardwell, Samuel. 
*Wilson, Joseph, Senr. 
Wilson, Joseph, Junr. 

*Whittington, Edward. 
*Wright. Walter. 



I08 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ther biographies of individuals nor genealogies of families, 
but merely collections of such scattered relics and records as 
have been found of these early settlers, with some notes to 
indicate the comparative perpetuity and influence of the sev- 
eral families. 

The Abbot line had other founders than George Abbot, 
Sen., already named, — there being two or three settlers at 
an early day of this name. The principal one of these 
was " George Abbot, tailor" as he is often designated. He 
was from Rowley in 1655. He died 1689, leaving a large 
family of children and a widow. The latter was subsequently 
married to Henry Ingalls. The estate was settled as de- 
scribed in the following paper : ^ — 

" Know all men by these presents that whereas George Abbot 
of Andover in y^ County of Essex taylor deceased y" 22'' of March 
i68| and left noe written will behind him, that could be found 
& about that time y^ Government of y* Country being in an unset- 
tled posture, we y^ subscribers, being his wife & children (except 
such as are under age) thought it our best way to take an inven- 
tory of his estate and to agree upon y* division of it which is as 
followeth : The widdowe of s** Abbot hath accepted of about 25 
pounds which she hath received already as her full satisfaction for 
her part or share reserving an interest in one end of the house, if 
she see cause to make use thereof at any time during her life. 

" George Abbot, eldest son of the s*^ George Abbot deceased 
hath accepted of 16 acres of upland on which he had built a house 
during his fathers life & was given to s^ George by his late father, 
tho there was noe legall conveyance and alsoe a parcell of mead- 
owe commonly called Woodchuck meadowe with some part of stock 
now in his hands of about (?) pounds value and about one Sixth pt 
of y* household stuff which he is now possessed of and alsoe half 
of y* meadowe in y® farther side of s*^ Woodchuck valued at five 
pounds." .... 

The other sons were assigned portions, and the daughters 
were to have such parts as they had accepted already. The 
instrument is signed by the second husband of the widow 
Abbot : — 

" I Henry Ingalls sen'' having married y® widowe of y* aboves*^ 
George Abbot deceased before y* Signing of this agreement have 
consented unto & signed with them. 

1 Essex County Court Papers^ vol. xlvii., p. 12. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. IO9 



} 



" Alsoe we John Faulkner & Stephen Barker having married 
Sarah & Mary Abbot have consented , . . . &c 

Henry Ingalls 

Her mark 

Sarah -|- Ingals alias Abbot 
George Abbot 
Jno Abbot 
Nehemiah Abbot 
John Faulkner 

Her mark 

Sarah -\- Faulkner alias Abbot 
Stephen Barker 

Her mark 

Mary -|- Barker alias Abbot 

Her mark 

Hannah -|- Abbot 

Her mark 

Lydia -f- Abbot" 

Among the descendants of this George Abbot were in 
early time Mr. Nehemiah Abbot, deputy to the General 
Court, 1 7 17, and Dr. Nehemiah Abbot, settled as a physician 
in Andover, 1748. A sister of the latter was married to 
Amos Lawrence, of Groton. From this marriage sprung the 
illustrious union of families and names represented by the 
Hon. Abbot Lawrence, and Hon. Amos A. Lawrence. Hon. 
Amos Abbot, of Andover, member of the United States Con- 
gress, father of the Hon. Alfred A. Abbot, of Peabody, was 
of this line of descent. Also Dea. Albert Abbot, trader of 
Andover, is of this branch of the Abbot line. 

Thomas Abbot, another early settler, also founded a line of 
posterity at Andover. The name is probably more numer- 
ously represented than any other. 

Baldwin, Bixby, and Brewer have not been conspicuous 
names in Andover. A relic of the deeds of Daniel Bixby, 
1697. is at hand, whereby he conveyed to John Abbot for 
five pounds, thirteen shillings and eight pence "in currant 
money," a parcel of swamp land lying " within y® Township 
of Andover, ' and *' formerly in y^ possession of Capt. Thomas 
Chandler on y® East Side of y® Ridge near Little Hope " . . . . 
containing" .... about five acres and one half & twenty- 
nine rods." .... 

" In witness whereof I have hereunto sett my hand and seal! 



no HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

this twentieth daye of May Anno Dom one thousand six hundred 

ninety & seaven & in y'^ ninth year of y'^ Reyne of our Sovereigne 

Lord William by y" Grace of God. King of England, Scotland, 

France & Ireland Defender of y* faith. 

Daniel Baxbee 
*' Signed sealed and Delivered Hermarke 

in y* presence of : Hannah (/) Bigsbie 

us : Samuel Hunt 

his mark 

Walter -f- Wright 

Andrew Peeters .... Befor me Dudley Bradstreet, 

Just of Peace. 

William Blunt was progenitor of a line of descendants 
who have owned considerable estates especially on the Hill at 
Andover. Some of these estates form a part of the grounds 
of the Theological Seminary. Mr. Isaac Blunt made a dona- 
tion of land to the Institutions of learning. He was an inn- 
keeper during and after the Revolutionary War, and was also a 
hat or " felt "-maker. He lived on the present Salem Street, 
east of the Seminary buildings. His descendants, Mr. Charles 
K. Blunt and Mr. Samuel Blunt, live not far from the ances- 
tral estates. One branch of the family lives at North An- 
dover. In the colonial times the Rev. John Blunt, son of 
William Blunt, graduated at Harvard College, 1727, and was 
ordained minister of Newcastle, where he preached till his 
death, 1746, at the age of forty-two years. He was much es- 
teemed, and a man of ability. 

John Bridges was constable in 1678. In 1723, Mr. James 
Bridges was representative to the General Court, and was a 
man of great influence and considerable wealth, the owner 
of several slaves. His " mault-house " is referred to in some 
of the records. His death is curiously described in the epi- 
taph on his grave-stone : — 

Erected in Memory 
of Mr. James Bridges 
who departed this life 

July 17th 1747 in y^ 

51^' year of his age 

Being melted to death 
by extreme heat. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. Ill 

James Bridges, 2d, in 1750, seems to have had much diffi- 
culty and controversy with Moody Bridges. From the Pro- 
prietors' Books it appears that in 1750 they laid out a grant 
of land to Moody Bridges in " y® new field." This was in 
possession of and claimed by James Bridges, who refused to 
give it up : — 

" He with Holds y* same from me y* s*^ Moody Bridges. Put to 
vote to see if y* proprietors would put Moody Bridges in posses- 
sion. Negative. 

" To see if they w*^ warrant the premises to Moody Bridges, by 
a lawful deed of sale. Neg. 

" To see if they would enable him to draw money from y* pro- 
prietors' treasury to carry on a Law suite against y* said James 
Bridges to recover y^ privileges out of His hands by a writ of eject 
ment. Neg. 

"To see if the proprietors would take it into their own hands & 
ejecte y" s*^ James Bridges outt of said premises. Neg. 

" To see if ye Proprietors will give up to Moody Bridges the 
note of sixteen pounds he gave for the grant. Affirm.^' 

Col. Moody Bridges was Adjutant to Colonel Fry in the 
French and Indian War, and performed arduous service (else- 
where referred to). He was an ardent patriot and made 
stirring Revolutionary speeches. He was delegate to the Pro- 
vincial Congress, 1774-75. He died i8oi,aged seventy-eight. 

The epitaph on his grave-stone says ; — 

" He was a man eminently useful in his day 
He lived, beloved, revered, and died greatly 
lamented by all his family & acquaintances." 

Col. Moody Bridges, who died at North Andover, 1865, was 
for nearly fifty years deputy sheriff of the county. He was 
a man of genial hospitality and hearty good fellowship, and 
conspicuous in all the trainings and musters and county 
cattle shows, where his portly figure and ruddy face, beaming 
with good nature, his flowing gray locks under his cocked hat, 
and his stentorian voice, made him a prince of marshals, — 
the observed of all observers. 

Of Colonel Bridges's large family, all have either died or re- 
moved from their former residence at North Andover. 



112 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

John Carlton, whose name appears on the list of 1678, 
died at the age of eighty-seven. Neither he nor his descend- 
ants for a hundred years, appear in any prominent public con- 
nection, but the family in all its branches of descent has been 
of marked excellence and probity. The traces of them are 
few in the public records, they having, as appears, lived re- 
markably free from the litigation and complaints which have 
made some names conspicuous, and have served (if no other 
good) to preserve interesting facts of manners and customs. 

An epitaph on the gravestone of one of the family, perhaps 
sums up the character of the majority of the Carlton name : — 

" He was benevolent, just and 
peaceable with all." 

Dr. John Ingalls Carlton, son of Mr. Dean Carlton, was a 
graduate of Harvard College 18 14, and settled as a physician 
in North Andover. 

Among those who have entered into business successfully, 
is Mr. Jacob F. Carlton, who kept the United States Hotel 
in New York, and is now resident at Andover. Mr. Henry 
Carlton was a teacher in San Francisco. 

The name is represented at North Andover, by several ex- 
cellent citizens of local influence. 

Mr. Francis Dane was the second minister of Andover. 
A history of his ministry is given in the chapter on the 
churches. His influence in the town was greater than that 
of any other man, except, perhaps, Captain Bradstreet, during 
the time of the witchcraft delusion, to stay the frenzy. His 
descendants have been numerous in Andover, the west part 
of the town, but none have been eminent as was the founder 
of the line. Dea. John Dane was a prominent member of the 
South Church. Rev. John Dane, son of Daniel Dane, a grad- 
uate of Dartmouth College, 1800, was minister of Newfield, 
Maine. 

No tombstone or relic of the Dane family is found in the 
Old North Burying Ground, near the site of the meeting- 
house, where Mr. Francis Dane ministered 

The name of Eirres has never been conspicuous in the 
town. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. II3 

Ralph Farnum married Elizabeth Holt, 1658, 
Thomas Farnum married Elizabeth Sibborn, 1660, 
John Farnum married Rebekah Kent, 1667. 
Among the noteworthy names of this large family, or 
families, are, Capt. John Farnum, during the French War ; 
Mr. John Farnum, graduate of Harvard College, 1761, mem- 
ber of the Convention for forming the State Constitution ; 
Capt. Benjamin Farnum, an officer of long service in the 
Revolution, and deacon of the North Church till his death, 
1833, at the age of eighty-seven ; Dea. Jedediah Farnham, 
of the First Church and the " Evangelical " Church ; his 
sons, Timothy Farnum, Esq., graduate of Harvard College, 
1808, counsellor-at-lavv, Monmouth, Me. ; Rev. Enoch Farn- 
ham, ^ minister at Wayne, Me. ; Mr. Edwin Farnham, trader, 
and conductor on the Boston and Maine Railroad (killed in 
an accident on the road, 1841), and Mr. Armstrong Farnham. 
merchant at Philadelphia and Boston. The latter was the 
original owner of the present residence of Gen. Eben Sutton 
at North Andover, built 1857. 

Other citizens, Capt. Levi Farnham, Dea. Joseph Farn- 
ham, have been influential locally, and the descendants of 
the ancient settlers are very numerous in the Andovers. 

Robert Gray was a mariner, the only one of whom rec- 
ord has been found in Andover among the early settlers. In 
1699 he bought some hundred acres of land, more or less, 
from Henry Holt, Sen., and Mr. Dudley Bradstreet. These 
estates lie in the Holt district of the South Parish ; one par- 
cel is described as between Colonel Bradstreet's " Upper 
Falls Meadow " and Lieutenant Osgood's " Gibbet Plaine 
Meadow." The deeds have been handed down in the fami- 
lies which have continued to occupy the homestead to the 
present owner, Mr. Henry Gray. In February, 1718, Robert 
Gray made his will, giving lands and house and stock and 
" all [his] wareing cloaths and [his] cane with a silver head " 
to his son Henry Gray. This son bought the rights of other 
members of the family to their lands, and owned large estates. 
He bargained in 1748 with Robert Gray (probably his brother) 

1 This family adopted the more correct orthography of the old country. 
8 



114 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

to rent to the latter a mill privilege on the " westerly side of 
Salem road on the southerly side of the brook in my Paster 
by the Bridg " for the latter to grind scythes, he agreeing to 
pay therefor two good new scythes ready ground." In course 
of time, "Anno Doni. 1740," Henry Gray made his will, and 
bequeathed to his beloved son Henry Gray, 2d, his " lands 
and stock of Bruit creatures and Husbandry — tools and 
tackling, and wearing apparel, and weaving loom and tack- 
ling, and best Gun and Stelyars." and to other sons lands and 
money, and to his six daughters pewter plates, and dishes, 
and all his books. In 1754, Henry Gray, 2d, made his will, 
a total inventory of p^8io 2s. <^d. His widow, subsequently 
married to Jonathan Peabody of Boxford, in 1766 made her 
will, giving to her daughter Alice, besides her household 
utensils, as " Box iron, heaters, spinning wheel," etc., her 
"best riding-hood," and to other daughters, her "camblet 
gound and amber beads, black quilted coat and silk crape 
gound and worsted gound and white apron." 

A son of Robert Gray was the Rev. Robert Gray, graduate 
of Harvard College, 1786, minister of Dover, N. H. A de- 
scendant of this family is Samuel Gray, Esq., of Andover, 
now President of the Merrimack Insurance Company, and 
for forty years treasurer of the company. Among other de- 
scendants have been Mr. David Gray, and his son, Mr. Sam- 
uel Gray, city engineer of Providence, also Mr. Braviter Gray, 
of Tewksbury. 

The name of Gutterson has continued to the present 
time, but no special relics or memorials of its continuous gen- 
erations have been found in the records of the town's history. 
The Rev. George H. Gutterson graduated at the Punchard 
School, and the Andover Theological Seminary, and was or- 
dained Missionary to India of the American Board, 1878. 

The name of Hutchinson has not, so far as has been as- 
certained, been at any point conspicuous in the town history. 

Henry Ingalls, son of Edmond Ingalls of Lynn, in 1653 
married Mary Osgood, and, in 1689, married again the widow 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. II5 

of George Abbot, tailor, A descendant thus records the 
genealogy : — 

" Mr. Edmond Ingalls from whom all these sprung was born in 
the year 1627 and died in the year 17 19 who lived ninety-two 
years, and two months after his death 1 Henry Ingalls was born 
who have lived 83 years. So that we two Henry Ingalls both lived 
on this earth one hundred and seventy-five years." 

Capt. Henry Ingalls, writer of the above, died 1803, aged 
eighty-four years. He was an officer in service in the French 
and Indian War. The Ingalls descendants owned large 
farms in North Andover, chiefly in the Centre district, near 
the borders of the Farnham district. In the early history of 
the town, Henry Ingalls had his house-lot near the meeting- 
house at the Centre, which he exchanged for land more re- 
mote, in order to accommodate the town in respect to the 
location of the new meeting-house, as appears from a petition 
to the General Court : — 

" We have found out a place in the towne neere the meeting- 
house very convenient which is the lott of Henry Ingalls which we 
have procured by way of exchanging for seventy acres of the above- 
said hundred " (the hundred " being a mile from our meeting- 
house "). 

Among the representatives of the Ingalls name of consid- 
erable repute, have been Col. John Ingalls of North An- 
dover, a large farmer and a schoolmaster ; Dr. Jedediah In- 
galls, a graduate of Harvard College, 1792, physician at 
Durham, N. H. ; his son. Dr. Charles Ingalls, born at Durham, 
N. H., 1807, graduate of Dartmouth College, 1829, resident 
of North Andover, and some time in practice of his profes- 
sion ; Rev. Wilson Ingalls of Andover (South), graduate of 
Union College, 1836, pastor in Glenville, New York. 

This family is not, perhaps, so largely represented in the 
town now as some others of ancient origin, but there are 
several families of estimable citizens. 

The name of Johnson has been one of the most continu- 
ously influential in the history of the Andovers. The John- 
sons who settled here, and at Charlestown and Woburn, 



Il6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

were emigrants from Hern Hill, in Kent County, England, 
Thomas Johnson and Timothy Johnson were among those 
earliest in office at Andover. The former, a son of John 
Johnson, was constable in 1665, and was in town as early as 
1658, when he married a daughter of Nicholas Holt. Stephen 
Johnson, carpenter, owned one of the first saw-mills. He 
married Elizabeth Dane, accused of witchcraft. His son, 
Francis, married Sarah Hawkes, who had been accused of 
witchcraft. Timothy Johnson was constable about 1676. 
His daughter,^ Penelope, was murdered by Indians, 1698, 
March 4th. The homestead was the estate on the Haverhill 
road, in North Andover, at the corner of the street to Ste- 
vens's mills. The ancient house, where the young lady was 
murdered, stood east of the one now on the place. Capt. 
Timothy Johnson built the present house, and in 1771 gave 
it in his will to his son, Col. Samuel Johnson, whose home 
it afterward was. Colonel Johnson's distinguished part in 
the Revolutionary War is elsewhere noted. His son, Capt. 
Samuel Johnson, was also a gallant officer. He lived in the 
house which also had been for a time the residence of his 
father, and which was lately owned by Mr. Samuel K. John- 
son. This homestead is now owned and occupied in summer 
by Mr. J. D. W. French, of Boston, an amateur and scientific 
farmer, author of valuable works on agriculture and stock 
raising. 

The ancient Timothy Johnson homestead, after being the 
residence of Col. Samuel Johnson, was the home of his son, 
Capt. Joshua Johnson, and the birth-place of Dr. Samuel 
Johnson, graduate of Harvard College, 1814, and physician 
in Salem. It is now the residence of a son of Dr. Johnson, 
Rev. Samuel Johnson, formerly minister of an Independent 
Religious Society in Lynn, now engaged in writing an ex- 
tended work on Comparative Religion, two volumes of which 
have been published, " India" and " China." 

Lieutenant (afterward Captain of the Militia) William John- 
son was in the Revolutionary service. Three of his sons have 
been prominent citizens of North Andover : William John- 

1 Genealogists differ as to whether she was daughter of Thomas or of 
Timothy Johnson. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. II7 

son, Esq., seven years representative, ten years senator, died 
1857, in his eightieth year, unmarried, bequeathinor six thou- 
sand dollars for the North Parish parsonage. His home- 
stead is now the residence of his nephew. Gen. William John- 
son Dale, Surgeon-general of Massachusetts. Mr. James 
Johnson, merchant, of Boston, died 1855, leaving a large 
fortune, the fruit of his own enterprise and success. He was 
one of the trustees of the North Andover Cemetery, where, 
by his request, he was buried. Col. Theron Johnson is now 
living in his eighty-seventh year. He helped to found the 
Johnson High School. 

Other names of eminence are Samuel Johnson, M. D., of 
Andover (South Parish), died 1864 ; Mr. Osgood Johnson, 
Principal of Phillips Academy, 1833 ; Mr. Osgood Johnson, 
Principal of Cambridge High School, died 1857. 

Many names are locally well known, as Mr. Samuel K. 
Johnson, Andover Express, and Mr. Charles F. Johnson, 
eighteen successive years selectman of North Andover. 

A descendant of a kindred line of Johnsons, of Charles- 
town, is Rev. Francis Johnson, Andover. 

Kempe is a name not entering into the general history. 

Lacey is a respected name of North Andover, not promi- 
nent in the history, except in the period of the witchcraft. 

Samuel Marble was the eldest son of Samuel Marble, of 
Salem. He was a bricklayer, and he and his son acquired 
considerable estates. His brother was Noah Marble, a yeo- 
man, living near his house. From them and their descend- 
ants comes the name " Marble Ridge," at North Andover. 
Lieut. Cyrus Marble was in the Revolutionary service. Mary 
Marble, wife of Capt. William Johnson, was mother of the 
eminent citizens before named. 

Marston has acquired local permanence as a name in Mars- 
ton's Ferry, across the Merrimack River, at North Andover, 
and it is still represented among the citizens of the town. 



Il8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Martin has never been a prominent name in the town 
history. It was of very early establishing. In 1662 a record 
says, that " Samuel Martin, late of Andover, had been gone 
out of the country six or seven years and his house and lands 
going to mine and decay," his wife resigned them to the care 
of Nathan Parker, for the use of her son, Solomon Martin. 

Nichols is not among the names which enter into the gen- 
eral history. 

Samuel Phelps and Edward Phelps were weavers. An 
ancient deed signed by them and their wives, respectively, 

her her 

"Sarah S Phelps" and "Ruth Y Phelps" conveys, 1697, 

mark. mark. 

land near " rattlesnake rode " to Timothy Abbot. The name 
is honorably represented in the three parishes. 

Samuel Preston's surname survives in the local name 
" Preston's Plain " near Ballardvale. 

Joseph Robinson lived near Boxford, and was in 1740 set 
off to Boxford North Parish. A serious disaster befell the 
family in 1 741, chronicled in the "Boston News-Letter : — 

"Andover, yuly 28 — Last Friday in the afternoon, a serious 
and awful accident occurred by Lightning at the House of Mr- 
Joseph Robinson of this Town. A stream of Lightning coming 
down the chimney of the Back room and in its passage breaking 
out Sundry Bricks and tearing up and breaking a Board of the 
Floor, bent its course into the Front Room, filled that part of the 
House with Fire and Smoke of a sulphurous smell, struck two 
young women who were sitting by the window, forced them back 
against the wall, one of which was found actually dead with her 
Hair and Back much burnt ; the others Life for a time was de- 
spaired of, she being almost breathless but thro the goodness of 
God she after a while revived tho' with great bodily distress, and 
is now in comfortable circumstances." 

The Robinson family in one branch settled on the home- 
stead of Gen. Nathaniel Lovejoy, now the North Parish par- 
sonage. From this branch is descended the well known nat- 
uralist Dr. John Robinson of Salem. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. II9 

Robert Russell is said to have been from Scotland, and 
from this fact the district of his residence received the name 
" Scotland District." The ancient homestead is now owned 
by Dea. Ammon Russell of the Free Christian Church, His 
brother, Mr. Abiel Russell, ninety-one years old, is the old- 
est man now living in Andover. He is one of the few pen- 
sioners of the War of 1812. 

In West Andover are branches of the Russell family, which 
is, though not so numerous as some, a large and respectable 
element of the citizenship. 

The names of Salter, Sessions, and Stone,^ are not 
prominent. 

Samuel Wardwell was hanged for witchcraft in 1692, 
a martyr to his firmness in refusing to confess. Solomon 
Wardwell's estate was a part of the property bought for Phil- 
lips Academy, his cabinet or joiner's shop the first Academy. 
Among the names of this family of prominence are Dr. Dan- 
iel Wardwell, physician, of Andover, 1822-1850; Mr. William 
H. Wardwell, formerly printer and publisher at Andover, now 
of Boston, agent for S. D. Warren & Co., Paper Manufact- 
urers ; Mr. T. Osgood Wardwell, owner of the old Osgood 
farm, North Andover, and Mr. B. F, Wardwell, Andover, 

J oseph Wilson was a cooper by trade. The statement 
is made ^ that he was probably a son of Rev. John Wilson, of 
Boston. Among the representatives of the family name have 
been Dea, Joshua Wilson, 181 3-1823, of the North Church, 
and Mr, Isaac Wilson, The ancient estates lay on the bor- 
ders of the two parishes. The first Grammar School, 1 701* 
was near Joseph Wilson's. 

Edward Whittington and Walter Wright were weav- 
ers, who were granted liberty to set up a fulling mill in 1673, 
but seem not to have done it, Lieut. Joseph Wright, and 
Capt. John Wright in the French War, are the chief names 
of prominence. 

1 The manufacturers of machinery of that name did not originate in Andover. 

2 Abbot's History of Andover. 



I20 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



The foregoing list may not include all who were residents 
at the time, as some doubtless failed to take the oath of alle- 
giance. The following is a list of the taxpayers in the town 
at the end of fifty years after the settlement : — 

" A Rate ^ made for the minister in the year i6g2 for the North 
End of the towne of Andover. 



Abbot, George, senior. 
Abbot, George, junr. 
Abbot, Thomas, senr. 

* Andrew, Joseph. 

* Aslebe, John. 

* Austin, Samuel. 
Barker, Richard, senr. 
Barker, Left. John. 
Barker, Stephen. 
Barker, Benjamin. 

* Bodwell, Henry. 
Bradstreet, Capt. Dudley. 
Bridges, John. 
Bridges, James. 
Carlton, John. 
Carlton, Joseph. 
Chandler, William- 

* Chub, Pasco. 

* Cromwell, Job. 
Dane, Nathl. 
Eires, Nathan.^ 
Eimes, Robert.^ 

* Emery, Joseph, 
ffarnum, Ralph, senr. 
ffarnum, John, junr. 
ffarnum, Thomas. 

* ffarrington, Edward. 



Abbot, John, senr. 
Abbot, George, senr. 
Abbot, Nehemiah. 
Abbot, Timothy. 
Abbot, Benjamin. 
Abbot, William. 
Abbot, Thomas. 
Abbot, Nathaniel. 
Allen, Widdow. 

1 Assessors' Records. 



ffaulkner, fTrancis. 
ffaulkner, John, 
ffoster, Ephraim. 
ffoster, Abraham, 
ffrye, Benjamin, 
ffrye, Samuel. 

* Granger, John. 

* Graves, Mark, sen. 
Gray, Robert. 
Hoult, Nicholas. 
Hoult, Hannah, widdowe, 
Hutchinson, Samuel. 
Ingalls, Henry. 
Ingalls, Henry, jr. 
Ingalls, Saml. 

Ingalls, John. 
Johnson, fifrancis. 
Lacey, Lawrence. 
Lovejoy, Joseph. 
Marble, Sanmel. 
Marston, John, senr. 
Marston, John, junr. 
Marston, Jacob. 
Marston, Joseph. 
Martin, Ensign Samuel. 
Nichols, Nich. 
Osgood, Capt. John. 



Osgood, John, junr. 
Osgood, Timothy. 
Parker, Joseph. 
Parker, Stephen. 
Parker, John. 
Poor, Daniel. 
Poor, Widdow. 

* Post, John.2 
Preston, John. 
Robinson, Joseph. 
Stevens, Cornet Nathan. 
Stevens, Joseph. 
Stevens, Benjamin. 
Stevens, Nathan, junr. 
Stevens, Widdow. 
Stevens, Joshua. 
Stone, Simon. 

* Swan, Samuel. 
Tiler, John. 
Toothaker, Allen. 

* White, John.2 

* Singletary, Benjamin.^ 
Tiler, Moses, senr.^ 
Tiler, Moses, junr.^ 
Swan, Robert.^ 

Swan, Timothy.2 



South Etidofthe Towne. 



Asten, Thomas. 
Ballard, Joseph, senr. 
Ballard, William. 
Barnard, Stephen. 
Barker, Hananiah.{?) 
Bi.xby, Daniel. 
* Blanchard, Jonathan. 
Blanchard, Samuel. 



* Bussell, Samuel. 
Chandler, Capt. 
Chandler, William, senr. 
Chandler, William, junr. 
Chandler, Henry. 
Chandler, Joseph. 
Chandler, Thomas. 

* Carrier, Thomas. 
Dane, Francis. 



Blunt, William. 
The names marked * are not in the former list. 



2 These seem to have been Haverhill and Boxford men who belonged to the 
religious parish of Andover. Some, perhaps, lived within the bounds of An- 
dover. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 



121 



Dane, William, 
ffainum, Ralph, junr. 
ffoster, Andrew, 
ffi ye, Deacon, 
ffrye, James. 

* Graves, Abraham. 
Gutterson, John. 

* Haggit, Moses. 
Hoult, Samuel. 
Hoult, Henry. 

* Hooper, Thomas. 
Johnson, William. 

Following are brief notes regard 
names on this list (not found on the 
have been conspicuous in the course 



Johnson, John, jr. 
Lovejoy, William. 
Ivovejoy, Christopher. 
Lovejoy, Nath. 
Lovejoy, Eben. 
Marble, Joseph. 

* More, Abraham. 
Osgood, Christopher. 
Osgood, Hooker. 
Osgood, Widow. 

* Peters, Andrew. 



Preston, Samuel. 
Phelps, Samuel. 
Phelps, Edward. 
Phelps, Widow. 
Russell, Robert. 
Stevens, John. 
Stone, John. 
Tyler, Hopestil. 
* W^ardwell, Saml's estate. 
Wilson, Joseph. 
Wright, Walter. 

ing such of the family 
two preceding lists) as 
of the centuries. 



John Aslebe was a man of wealth and influence, repre- 
sentative to the General Court, 1701, and afterward. He 
lived probably on the hill, near the old burying-ground at 
North Andover. A record speaks of the " way over the hill 
from the meeting-house to Timothy Osgood's by Mr. John 
Aslebe's." His farm lands were in the south part of the town^ 
in the present Holt and Farnham districts. Aslebe Hill and 
Aslebe Pond preserve his memory. He died 1728, aged 
seventy-two. Mrs. Mary Aslebe, " relict of Lieut. John As- 
lebe, died Feb. 13th, Anno Dom. 1739, in y® 84th year of her 
age," as the epitaph on her gravestone records. She made a 
bequest of a silver tankard to the North Church. 



Samuel Blanch ard was Selectman in 1687. It has been 
stated ^ that he removed to Andover from Charlestown in 1686, 
but the name had become established in the town as early as 
1679. In that year, land near " Blanchard's Pond " was bought 
by Moses Haggit. Also the list of proprietors states that he 
was a householder before 168 L There are more than forty 
of the name Blanchard on the list of members of the South 
Church, and eight assessors of the parish. Among the more 
recent representatives of the name were Mr. Abel Blanchard, 
who carried on the paper mill before it was bought by the 
Marland Manufacturing Company ; Dea. Amos Blanchard, 

^ Abbot's History of Andover. 



122 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the first cashier of the Andover Bank, a man of strict integ- 
rity and great executive abiHty ; Rev. Amos Blanchard, D. D., 
graduate of Yale College, 1826, minister at Lowell for nearly 
a half century. The name has also been represented honor- 
ably by other citizens. 

Henry Bodwell lived on the Merrimack River, probably 
on the Haverhill side, and in the present limits of Methuen. 
In 1735, the Bodwells' Ferry was in operation. The tradi- 
tion is that the Bodwell family were much exposed to the In- 
dians who crossed the river at the fords, and making raids 
for cattle into the common lands or pastures, along the Shaw- 
shin, escaped easily across the river to their hiding-places. 
There is a story that one of the Bodwells, an old man, but 
with keen sight, for he was a great hunter and marksman, 
seeing an Indian on the opposite bank of the Merrimack 
River, somewhere between the mouth of the Shawshin and 
the Falls (named from him ' Bodwell's Falls), took aim and 
fired, killing the savage while, thinking himself out of range 
of shot, he was making taunting gestures. Bodwell, tak- 
ing a boat and rowing across, found the Indian dead, and 
secured his scalp and his fine wolf-skin blanket. 

Pascoe Chubb had an unenviable reputation in his day. 
He was, as is related in the chapter on the Indian wars, 
cashiered for treasonable or inefficient conduct at Fort Pema- 
quid, imprisoned in Boston jail, and finally set at liberty and 
allowed to live in seclusion at Andover. He had married in 
this town a daughter of Mr. Edmond Faulkner, and previous 
to his military misdemeanors had been presented before the 
court of the county for offences. He seems to have been an 
unprincipled man, whose connection with Andover families 
brought chiefly disgrace and sorrow. He and his wife were 
murdered by the Indians, 1698, With their death the name 
perished from Andover annals. 

Thomas Carrier removed to Andover from Billerica. He 
is said to have been a native of Wales. He is noteworthy 
principally as having been the husband of Martha {Allen), 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 23 

Carrier, who was hanged for witchcraft. He seems to have 
been not greatly disturbed by any of the events of life. He 
lived to a good old age, as is said, attaining one hundred 
and nine years. His name is given on the list of the South 
Church members removed by death, but he had then become 
a resident of the town of Colchester, Conn. He was of re- 
markable physical strength, and walked six miles shortly be- 
fore his death. 

Joseph Emery was not in any prominent civil or military 
office connected with the town. In 1719, he had three grants 
of land laid out to him by the proprietors : One in Merri- 
mack Woods, one on the Shawshin near his dwelling-house, 
bounded at the west by his former land on Shawshin River, 
and near Paul Faulkner's house, "just below the place com- 
monly called the ' Marchants ford.' " 

Jacob Emery was a graduate of Harvard College, 1761, and 
ordained minister of Pembroke, N. H., 1768. 

In 1 83 1, Rev. Joshua Emery, and in 1834, Rev. Samuel H. 
Emery, graduated from Amherst College. They were sons of 
Joshua Emery, formerly resident of Boxford and sometime 
resident of North Andover, afterward of Andover. 

Edward Farrington. The family name was conspicuous, 
especially during the French and Indian War, and in the 
Revolution. 

Lieut. Jacob Farrington, in the military company known as 
Rogers' Rangers, on the borders of Canada, performed some 
valiant exploits. Several privates were in the Revolutionary 
service. Capt. Thomas Farrington, an officer of Andover, in 
the French and Indian War, removed to Groton, and there 
became famous. 

Capt. Philip Farrington was a well-known citizen of North 
Andover fifty years ago. He lived on the estate now owned 
by Mr. Edward Frothingham of Boston. 

Abraham Graves, son of Mark Graves, was a weaver. The 
name has not entered conspicuously into the town history. 

Moses Haggit of Ipswich, in 1679, bought of Stephen 
Johnson fourteen acres of upland and seven acres of meadow 



124 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

on the southwest side of a pond called Blanchard's Pond, 
agreeing to pay twelve shillings a year to all charges of church 
and town. From him and his descendants the pond received 
its present name, Hagget's ^ Pond. The land thereabouts 
keeps the name Blanchard's Plain. 

It is stated, in a historical discourse of Mr. Symmes, that in 
1676 Mr. Hagget and his two sons were "captivated" by 
Indians ; but I cannot find that they were then residents. 

They may have been visiting and viewing the land where 
they ultimately settled. The change in the name of the pond 
seems to have come about gradually. In 1720 it was still 
called Blanchard's : — 

"On the 20th of January 1720, then laid out to Moses Haggot 
and Timothy More all the great Island in Blanchards Pond so 

called Said Moses Haggot is to have the one half of s*^ 

Island for allowance for a way over his upper dam." 

Abraham Moar died 1706. Timothy More (the name is 
variously spelled) his son born 1688, was a member of the 
South Church 1728. Anne (Blanchard) Mooar, wife of Tim- 
othy, became a member of this church, 17 16. Twenty-one 
of this family name were members of the South Church be- 
fore the division of the parish. The families lived chiefly in 
the west part of the town. Dea. Nathan Mooar has been an 
officer of the West Church many years. 

The Rev. George Moor, D. D., President of the Pacific 
Theological Seminary, formerly minister of the South Church, 
was the second minister native of the town, who was pastor 
of a church in its limits. 

Andrew Peters came to North Andover between 1686 
and 1692, from Ipswich.^ He was a man of means, a distiller 
and licensed retailer, and his arrival in the town was regarded 
as of advantage to the settlement. He took a prominent part 
in affairs, and was the first town treasurer of whom record has 
been found. He also kept a public-house. He died 1713, 
aged ninety-six. His gravestone still remains. His grand- 

1 Now generally spelled Hagget. 

^ Unless there was another Andrew Peters of Ipswich. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. I25 

son was Rev. Andrew Peters, a graduate of Harvard Col- 
lege, and master of the Andover Grammar School, 1723, the 
first minister of Middleton. Others of this family of prom- 
inence have been, Henry Adams Peters, a graduate of Har- 
vard College, 1 81 8, a teacher; John Peters, Esq., who set- 
tled at Bluehill, Me. Mr, Andrew Peters was a patriotic 
citizen of some prominence in the Revolutionary time. He 
lived in the house now standing on the Salem turnpike near 
the Andover road. The ancestral estates extended along 
northwest toward Den Rock. Mr. John Peters, son of An- 
drew Peters, purchased the estates of Col. Joseph Frye and 
Col. James Frye, living for a time in the house of the former 
and ultimately removing to the homestead of the latter now 
owned by Mr. Nathaniel Peters. 

Mr. Willard Peters was a teacher in Tennessee. Andrew 
Peters, son of Mr. John Peters, studying for the ministry, died 
while a student in Harvard College, 183 1. 

Mr. Nathaniel Peters and Mr. William Peters, among the 
influential citizens of North Andover, are the last male rep- 
resentatives of the name in the town. 

Robert Swan was a resident of Haverhill, or Methuen 
(as it was later), but the Swans living near the river were not 
distant from the North Andover meeting-house, and became 
members of the parish, some of the family ultimately settling 
in the town where their descendants are living. 

Allen Toothaker was a nephew of Martha Carrier, and 
testified against her in the witchcraft trials. He came from 
Billerica. The name of Toothaker has disappeared. 

Moses Tyler and Hopestil Tyler were sons of Job 
Tyler, who removed to Roxbury. His troubles with Thomas 
Chandler have been alluded to already. His son, Hopestil 
Tyler, seems to have established himself as a blacksmith, in 
the south end of the town. Moses Tyler lived in Boxford. 
He had, as is supposed, a son Job. In 1701 " Job Tyler and 
John Chad wick of Boxford with Ephraim Foster of Andover 
petition for liberty to hang up two gates in y® road in y® 



126 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

bounds of Boxford that leadeth from Ipswich to Andover." 
Moses Tyler died 1727, " Oct. f 2^ in the 86"^ year of his 
age," and was buried at North Andover. The descendants 
of this family, in some of its branches, scattered throughout 
New England, are eminent, but in Andover history the name 
is only locally known. 

Another resident of Boxford, who attended meeting at 
North Andover, was Robert Eimes, or Ames. After a time 
he, or another of the same name, lived in North Andover, 
near Mr. James Frye's. Mr. John Ames, in 17 15, was one 
of the town's attorneys, or agents, to prosecute a lawsuit 
against Robert Barnard, in regard to a claim for land Dur- 
ing the Revolutionary War, the name became one of the most 
conspicuous, Capt. Benjamin Ames commanding one of the 
companies at Bunker Hill. He lived in the west part of An- 
dover, "The South Parish" at that time. His son, Benja- 
min Ames, Jr., built the tavern (the present Elm House) at 
Andover, and was landlord. In conformity with the wishes 
and provision of his grandfather, Mr. Timothy Chandler, his 
son, Benjamin Ames (the third), was "brought up to learning 
and the college." He graduated at Harvard College, 1803, 
studied law at Groton, the residence of his uncle, Nathan 
Ames, settled in Bath, Maine, and became distinguished as a 
lawyer and politician. President of the Senate, Justice of the 
Court of Common Pleas. He died 1835. His brother, Na- 
than Ames, was deputy sheriff of Lincoln County, Maine. 
Another brother, Ezra C. Ames, was clerk in the tavern, 
schoolmaster, trader of Haverhill, deacon of the Congrega- 
tional Church, a man much respected. He was the father of 
Judge Isaac Ames. 

Of all the works of the settlers in the first fifty years no 
relics remain besides their written papers and deeds, the few 
gravestones in the burying ground, and one or two dwelling- 
houses. Of the latter there is only one, in regard to which 
satisfactory evidence is found of its having been the resi- 
dence of one of the original settlers. This one is the Brad- 
street house. The tradition has always been that this was 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 12/ 

the residence of Mr. Simon Bradstreet. That it was the 
home of his son, Col. Dudley Bradstreet, is authenticated. 
The latter died 1702. He was married 1673. His mother 
died the year before. His father, Mr, Simon Bradstreet, re- 
moved to Salem about the time of the marriage, doubtless 
relinquishing- the house to his son. It is stated in the Jour- 
nal of Mrs. Anne Bradstreet, that their house was burned 
to the ground July, 1666. Undoubtedly they built another 
immediately. The tradition has been that the frame of the 
house was brought from England ; but, however this may be, 
it is not likely that Mr. Simon Bradstreet was houseless for 
seven years, or, that if he had within so recent a period built 
a house, his son would immediately build a new one. 

Some years ago the writer, whose birth-place the house 
was, took some pains to trace its history through the centu- 
ries. The sketch then printed ^ is here by request inserted 
(somewhat abbreviated), although it repeats and anticipates to 
some extent other parts of this history : — 

THE BRADSTREET HOUSE HOME OF THE FIRST WOMAN-POET IN 

AMERICA. 

In the original North Parish of Andover, on the Haverhill and 
Boston road, stands an ancient house, around which cluster the 
associations of two centuries, and which is especially interesting 
and memorable as having been the home of the first woman-poet 
of America, Anne Dudley Bradstreet. It was built probably 
about the year 1667 by the Hon. (afterwards Deputy-governor and 
Governor) Simon Bradstreet, and was his family residence and 
that of his son Col. Dudley Bradstreet, until the death of the lat- 
ter in 1702. Old as it is, it had been preceded by another built 
many years earlier and destroyed by fire July, 1666. The present 
house seems likely, with care, to last another half-century at least. 
Its frame is massive, of heavy timbers \ its walls lined with brick, 
and its enormous chimney, heavily buttressed, running up through 
the centre, shows in the garret like a fortification. On the lawn 
in front are two venerable elm trees, supposed to be as old as the 
house itself. They are of remarkable size, vigor, and beauty, 
though latterly - marred by the ravages of the canker-worm. 

Simon Bradstreet was one of the first settlers of Andover, as he 
had been one of the first settlers of Charlestown, Boston, Cam- 

^ Boston Daily Advertiser. 

2 The branches of one are now nearly all dead. 



128 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

bridge, and Ipswich. When there were only eight towns in Essex 
County, before Andover was incorporated, and soon after the land 
had been bought of the Sagamore Cutshamache for £,(i and a coat, 
this enterprising and far-seeing Puritan man of affairs brought 
hither his family, and in 1644 built the first mill on the Cocheche- 
vicke, near its junction with the Merrimack, in the district now 
crowded with the manufacturing industries of the city of Lawrence 
and the villages of Sutton's and Stevens's mills. North Andover. 

Anne Dudley, reared amid the refinements and elegancies of an 
English castle (her father, Governor Thomas Dudley, had been 
steward to the Earl of Lincoln), at the age of eighteen, having 
been then two years married, came with her husband, Simon Brad- 
street, to seek a home in the "wilderness of North America." 
They were of the party consisting of Governor Winthrop, Mr. 
Johnson and his wife, the lady Arbella, sister of the Earl of Lin- 
coln, and other eminent colonists, who in June, 1630, landed at 
Salem, Messrs. Dudley and Bradstreet, after several removals, 
first from Salem to Charlestown, thence to Boston, settled at Cam- 
bridge, where Bradstreet built a house near the present site of the 
University bookstore. In 1635 Bradstreet had again moved to 
Ipswich. The hardships and privations of pioneer life told se- 
verely upon the delicate constitution of Anne Bradstreet, and 
though she did not, like the gentle lady Arbella, droop and die, 
she soon became a confirmed invalid, as she says : " I fell into a 
lingering sicknesse like a consumption, together with a lamenesse, 
which correction I saw the Lord sent to humble and try me and 
doe me good." At the time of her husband's removal to Andover, 
she was about thirty years of age, the mother of five children, to 
whom three more were afterward added. Of the little brood, she 
thus quaintly writes : — 

" I had eight birds hatcht in one nest, 
Four cocks there were, and hens the rest. 
I nurst them up with pain and care, 
Nor cost nor labor did I spare, 
Till at the last they felt their wing, 
Mounted the trees and learned to sing." 

She chronicles her devotion to her husband as follows : — 

" If ever two were one, then surely we ; 
If ever man were loved by wife, then thee ; 
If ever wife was happy in a man, 
Compare with me ye women, if you can." 

The neighbors of Mistress Bradstreet looked with a jealous eye 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 29 

upon her talent for verse-making and her ability to put her feelings 
into fine phrases : — 

" I am obnoxious to each carping tongue, 
Who say my hand a needle better fits." 

But the literati of her time regarded her as a prodigy. Presi- 
dent Rogers, of Harvard College, said that " twice drinking of the 
nectar of her lines" left him "weltering in delight," Edward 
Phillips, the nephew of Milton, speaks of her as " the tenth muse 
sprung up in America ; " and John Norton says : — 

" Could Maro's muse but hear her lively strain, 
He would condemn his works to fire again." 

Her poems were first published without her knowledge through 
the agency of her brother-in-law, the Rev. John Woodbridge, first 
minister of the church at Andover. She seems to have written as 
a diversion from bodily suffering and a solace for the lack of so- 
ciety ; also with a desire to leave something which would be of 
interest and value to her children after her death : — 

" That being gone, you here may find 
What was your loveing mother's mind, 
Make use of what I leave in Love 
And God shall blesse you from above." 

The burning of her house in Andover was a great blow to Mrs. 
Bradstreet. For, after her many movings and breakings up, she 
had hoped to spend here the remnant of her days in peace and 
quiet. With the house perished treasures that money could not 
replace — a library of eight hundred volumes, rare and costly 
books ; family portraits and heirlooms ; furniture of rich pattern 
brought from England ; and, what was beyond price to the gentle 
poet, store of tender and sacred associations. She thus describes 
her feelings at the time of the fire : — 

" I, starting up, the light did spye, 
And to my God my heart did cry, 
To strengthen me in my distresse, 
And not to leave me succourlesse, 
Then coming out beheld a space, 
The flames consume my dwelling place." 

She never quite liked the "newe house," although it was un- 
doubtedly finer than the old one, and furnished with an elegance 
befitting the wealth and rank of its owner. 

Simon Bradstreet, honored citizen, exemplary Christian, kind 
husband, provided for his family an abundant home ; took pride 
in his wife's poetical talent, and satisfaction in her lines concern- 

9 



130 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ing the various occasions of his life, — such, for instance, as his 
mission to England to propitiate Charles II. toward the colonies; 
cherished her tenderly ; and when, after forty years of faithful de- 
votion, she died, mourned her sincerely. Four years after her 
death, he, hale and hopeful at the age of seventy-three, married 
again ; lived twenty-one years thereafter ; served as deputy gover- 
nor six months, and as governor thirteen years — with two years' 
interruption by the loss of the charter — and died in 1697 at the 
age of ninety-four. 

His tomb still stands in Salem, to which city he removed soon 
after the death of his wife. On the tomb, but now obliterated, 
was the following tribute, copied and preserved in the records of 
the last century : — 

"Simon Bradstreet, armiger ex ordine Senatoris in Colonia Massachu- 
settensi ab anno 1630 usqe ad annum 1673. Deinde ad annum 1679 Vice-Gub- 
ernator ; deinde ad annum 1686 ejusdem colonise communi & constanti Populi 
Suffragio Gubernator. Vir judicio Lynceato prseditus quem nee Minas nee 
Honos allexit, Regis authoritatem & Populi libertatem aequa Lance libravit. 
Religione Cordatus vita innocuus, mundum et vicit et deseruit Die XXVII 
Marcij. Anno Dom : M. D. C. X. CVII, Annoque Regis Gullielmi tertii IX. 
et setatis fuae XCIV." 

No trace of Anne Bradstreet's grave is to be found. She was 
probably laid in the parish burying-ground, whose moss-grown 
stones on the hillside can be seen from the windows of the Brad- 
street house. All the monuments of her time have crumbled to 
dust, save only one broken tablet, which serves to prove that this 
was the burial-place of the first settlers. But though the gentle- 
woman lacks the memorial of "storied urn or animated bust," her 
" poems," as Cotton Mather remarks in the Magnalia, " divers 
times printed, have afforded a monument for her memory beyond 
the stateliest marbles." Among her descendants, besides those 
bearing the family name, may be mentioned William EUery Chan- 
ning, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Wendell Phillips, Richard H, 

Dana. 

Dudley Bradstreet took his father's house and filled his father's 
place as a citizen of Andover, being selectman, colonel of militia 
and magistrate. Well it was for his town and for the colonies 
that the magistrate's office fell to a man inheriting the united 
qualities of Simon Bradstreet and Anne Dudley ; for largely to 
the compassion and courage of Dudley Bradstreet was due the 
first check upon the fury of the witchcraft frenzy. He drew up 
and headed a testimonial and plea for some wretched women of 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 131 

Andover who had made confession of witchcraft " by reason," as 
they afterward declared, " of sudden surprisal, when exceedingly 
astonished and amazed and consternated and affrighted even out 
of reason." He asserted — and with personal risk — his belief in 
their innocence. 

Then the cloud darkened over the Bradstreet house. The masr- 
istrate was accused of having himself practised witchcraft, and 
thereby killed nine persons, and the man who for twenty years 
had gone in and out before the people, trusted and loved of all, 
was now forced by their clamors to flee from his home and hide 
himself from their fury. If the voices of the centuries could be- 
come audible in the old house, what agonized prayers and an- 
guished partings would come borne on the night-wind of that 
dreadful past of the witchcraft delusion ! 

Even more startling and terrifying would be the lifting of the 
veil on the scenes of the memorable March day of 1698, when the 
snow-bound house was suddenly invaded by forty savages and its 
inmates dragged out into the wintry air, to see their neighbors' 
homes in flames and the snow stained with the blood of their 
townspeople. Here again the gentle humanities of Anne Brad- 
street living in her son brought salvation ; for an act of kindness, 
conferred by the magistrate some years before upon an Indian of 
the party, he and his family were spared a cruel death. They were 
carried about fifty rods from the house and released unharmed. 
During the half-century which includes the French and Indian 
war, the Revolution, and the adoption of the Federal Constitu- 
tion, the Bradstreet house was occupied by the Rev. William 
Symmes, D. D. 

There was reared the first lawyer of Andover, William Symmes, 
Esq., son of the minister, who left his native town because of the 
censure of his townsmen for his conscientious change of convic- 
tions and action in advocating the adoption of the Federal Con- 
stitution. 

The Bradstreet house, after the death of Dr. Symmes, was pur- 
chased for a summer residence by Hon. John Norris, one of the 
associate founders of the Theological Seminary. A manuscript 
diary kept by Mrs. Norris, now in possession of one of her de- 
scendants living in Salem, gives some pleasant glimpses of the 
household ways of the manse those three-score summers ago : " A 
deal of papering and painting, and making of currant-jelly, and 
bottling of 'cyder,' and going to Haverhill, eight miles away, for a 
barrel of flour, and picking raspberries 'on the South Parish 



132 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Road,' and tea-drinkings, with such guests as Dr. Worcester, Dr, 
Pearson, Dr. Griffin, Dr. Woods ; also ' Mr. Spring, a student ' of 
the Seminar}^, spends the night often and writes his sermons ' sit- 
ting by the keeping-room fire, the weather being cool.' " 

A few years later there were sermons of another school of the- 
ology than that of Gardiner Spring written in the keeping-room, 
when it was occupied by the young Unitarian minister, the Rev. 
Bailey Loring (father of Dr. George B. Loring), who lived for 
a time with the family then owning the Bradstreet house, that of 
Mrs, Elizabeth Parks, the widow of General Parks and mother of 
Gorham Parks, Esq., counsellor-at-law, Waldoborough, Me. 

The next scene that rises to view in the tableaux of the centu- 
ries is the boarding-school, the principal figure the school-master. 
" A man severe he was and stern to view — Master Simeon Put- 
nam, the pedagogue of fifty years ago." The neighbors say that 
the grass was worn smooth by the roadside, where he kept the 
idlers and dunces sitting to con their tasks, a spectacle to passers- 
by. The windows of the school-room bear marks of the youthful 
propensity for rhyming as follows : — 

" Stranger, these tainted walls depart, 
Within are fetters to a freeman's heart ! " 

Two of " the boys " have left their autographs cut on the glass : 
Amos A. Lawrence, Chandler Robbins. One of the sons of Mas- 
ter Putnam was Professor Putnam, of Dartmouth College, at the 
time of his death professor-elect of Andover Theological Semi- 
nary. 

Thus the Bradstreet house has gathered to itself store of his- 
tory and tradition ; and its rooms are shadowy with the forms of 
by-gone centuries. A veritable ghost is said once to have haunted 
it and made a frightful clattering in the chamber of a young ne- 
gro-servant ; but we do not need its help to fill up our collection 
of portraits, or to start the question of spiritual manifestations ; 
for, as Mr. Longfellow, with the truth of poetry, assures us, — 

" All houses wherein men have lived and died 

Are haunted houses. Through the open doors 
The harmless phantoms on their errands glide 

With feet that make no sound upon the floors ; 
We have no title-deeds to house or lands. 

Owners and occupants of earlier dates 
From graves forgotten stretch their dusty hands, 

And hold in mortmain still their old estates." 

To this summary of the lives and posterity of the early 




THE BRADSTREET HOUSE. 
[Home of Mr. Simon ami Mrs. Aniie Bradstrcei, Col. Dudley Bradstreet, Re7'. Thomas and Rev. Joint 

Barnard, and Rev. IVilliam Syinnies, D. D \ 




HOME OF COLONEL JAMES FRYE. 
{Ehn free planted 172 j by Chaplain Frye, recently cut down, being dead.\ 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 33 

settlers may be added a brief notice of them in their united 
capacity, as in town-meeting assembled. 

The town-meetings were regarded as hardly less important 
than the church-meetings, and were held generally in the 
meeting-house. All the freeholders not present at meetings 
were fined. It was agreed, in 1664, that "any seven " of the 
voters should have power to act, and " their action should be 
as authoritive and vallid as if the whol Town were assembled." 
Decorum was enforced by penalties. 

" Feb. 10. 1673. It is ordered and voted that if any man shall 
speake in the town meeting whilst anything of towne affaires is 
either in voting or in agitation after y"" moderator hath commanded 
silence twice, he shall forfeit twelve pence for each time • the twelve 
pence shall be levied by the constable. This order to stand good, 
forever.^'' 

It was customary in the beginning to hold town-meetings 
whenever they seemed necessary. It was thought a great 
grievance when Sir Edmund Andros prohibited them from 
being held oftener than once a year. In 1675 the regular 
yearly meeting was voted to be holden in March, although 
this was not always done. For twenty years after the set- 
tlement of Andover, only church-members could vote for 
Governor and Assistants ; but after the restoration of Charles 
Second to the throne, he insisted on the admission to the 
number of freemen or voters of all men of honest and moral 
deportment. A perceptible difference in the warrants and 
town documents appears after the Restoration. There is 
more precise and formal recognition of the royal authority. 
All the papers are in the name of the " Sovereign Lord the 
King," etc. In 1678, as has been said, an oath of allegiance 
to the king was exacted from every male resident over six- 
teen years of age. 

The supervision of the towns, in their corporate capacity, 
as well as of the action of the colony, was more systematic, 
and the power exercised arbitrary, until, by the royal man- 
date, the colonial charter was declared forfeited. 

In 1683 Andover and Bradford were fined for not collect- 
ing the due amount of taxes ; not rating their waste lands : — 

" The Court being informed that the Selectmen of Andover & 



134 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF A A' DOVER. 

Bradford did wholly neglect the observance of the late order relat- 
ing to the rating of wast lands, the Secretary was ordered to send 
a warrant for their or one of their appearance before this Court to 
give an account for ye same. Warrant issued out accordingly & 
Left. John Osgood & Capt. Shuball Walker appeared & gave in 
their answers. The Court ordered the selectmen of Andover and 
Bradford to bring in a just & true account of all the wast lands in 
their respective towns," &c. 

The following tovi^n action was taken in 1686 in regard 
to collection of taxes : — 

" i68§ Mar. i. Voted & passed that y* Constable from year 
to year shall y*= last Monday in August at nine of y" clock in y* 
morning call all y* inhabitants of y^ towne by name (by inhab- 
itants is meant all house holders & persons that have y'' manage- 
ment of any estate & hired servants) and if any such persons 
shall not then appear at y' meeting-house and bring the bills of 
their ratable estates they shall pay five shillings to y*" use of y^ 
towns, y'' selectmen making y'' constable a reasonable allowance for 
his care & pains." 

In May, 1686, the Colonial charter, so highly prized, was 
abrogated. Governor Bradstreet was superseded by a Pres- 
ident appointed by the Crown (Joseph Dudley, his wife's 
step-brother) and a Council. Although appointed mem- 
bers of the President's Council, Mr. Bradstreet and Colonel 
Dudley Bradstreet declined to serve, the President being 
neither in age or temper a congenial associate. But Joseph 
Dudley's term as President was short. In December he was 
set aside, and Sir Edmund Andros appointed Governor of 
New England. The town of Andover was not likely to 
cherish any warm regard for the usurper of the office so long 
held by their distinguished townsman, the former Governor. 
Indeed, Mr. Dudley Bradstreet declined to collect the extor- 
tionate taxes assessed by order of the royal Governor, and 
was, therefore, imprisoned at Fort Hill. A glimpse of this 
first Andover rebel against royal tyranny, in his imprison- 
ment, is given in the diary of Judge Sewall. He probably 
had not anticipated such summary measures, and he was of 
the temperament and disposition, sensitive to wrong, to feel 
keenly the injury. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 35 

" 1687. Wednesday Sept. 28. This clay went with Mr. Mather 
and visited Capt. Bradstreet, who was much distracted last night ; 
but now pretty well ; said he had not slept in several nights, being 
confined at Fort Hill." 

It was useless to hold out, and perhaps Mr. Bradstreet 
acted in the beginning not so much from an unwillingness to 
collect the taxes, as with a view to serve the wishes of his 
townsmen. They could hardly expect him individually to 
suffer to the extent of remaining in prison. He acknowl- 
edged (as, indeed, he might truthfully without sacrifice of 
principle) ''great imprudence and folly," and, giving bonds 
for one thousand pounds, was released. ^ The town, in March, 
1687, had taken action in regard to the laws of the royal 
Governor. 

"■ Voted that Deacon John Frie shall goe downe to Boston and 
inquire of y^ authority [note the avoidance of the titles of officers 
or recognition of rights] how they understand y^ meaning of their 
proclamation about y*" Selectman and Constable continuing in 
place till further orders ; informing them of y* actions herein and to 
make report to Capt. Osgood whoe shall inform y* town thereof." 

When the Revolution came, that brought Andros low, 
Andover was prompt to testify its sympathy with the move- 
ment. 

" Att a gen" towne meeting y* 20th day of May 1689, Capt. John 
Osgood was chosen moderator. It was voted & declared that it 
is their mind and desire that the Governor, Deputy Governor, and 
Assistants chosen in the year 1686 (witli-the addition of such Gen- 
tlemen as shall be chosen by the major vote of the inhabitants of 
this colony to make up the number according to charter) and the 
Deputyes then sent by the freemen of y^ sevll towns of y® said Col- 
ony [shall be the authority] according to Charter Rights until y" 
Government be more orderly settled by the Crown of England. 
Capt. John Osgood was chosen as representative of y^ Towne to 
carry y* abovesaid vote of y" Town to Boston and alsoe y* votes 
for such magistrates & others as are wanting in the former choice 
in f yeare ('86)." 

A tract, "An Account of the Late Revolution in New 
England, &c., April 18, 1689," published soon after the events 

^ Palfrey's History 0/ Mew England, vol. iii. 



136 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

occurred, describes the sufferings of the towns from the tyr- 
anny of Andros, and alludes to Andover. After stating that 
Andros imposed heavy duties and excise, and prohibited 
town-meetings, it says : — 

" When the inhabitants of Ipswich were required to choose a 
Commission to tax that town, some principal persons there, that 
could not comply with what was demanded of them did modestly 
give their reasons, for which they were committed to goal as guilty 
of high misdemeanors and denied an habeas corpus and were ob- 
liged to answer at the Court of Oyer and Terminer at Boston. 
These were severely handled .... Mr. Appleton was fined fifty 
pounds and to give a thousand pounds bond for good behavior 
and moreover declared incapable to bear office «Scc . . . . Like- 
wise the townsmen of Rowley, Salisbury, Andover, etc. had the 
same measures. John and Christopher Osgood complain of being 
sent to prison nine or ten days without a mittinms or anything laid 
to their charge, and that afterward they were obliged to pay ex- 
cessive charges. Thus was major Appleton dealt with ; thus Cap- 
tain Bradstreet." 

That was a day of rejoicing at Andover, which brought 
news of the revolution in England, consigned Andros to the 
prison, where he had incarcerated their townsmen, and re- 
stored to the gubernatorial chair the venerable Simon Brad- 
street, and made his son. Col. Dudley Bradstreet, a member 
of the new Council. 

Following is a list of the civil officers from Andover. It 
will be noticed that the towns sometimes elected deputies 
non-residents, as Mr. Samuel Bradstreet, living in Boston 
(as is supposed) at the time of his election, and Mr. Thomas 
Savage, also of Boston : — 

Representatives to the General Court. 

1 646-1 746. 

First Century from the Incorporation of the Toivn. 

1651 Mr. John Osgood (died Oct. 1680-83 Capt. Dudley Bradstreet. 

1651). 1686 Capt. Dudley Bradstreet. 

1669 Lieut. John Osgood. 1689 Capt. John Osgood. 

1670 Mr. Samuel Bradstreet. f Capt. John Osgood, Feb. 
1672 Capt. Thomas Savage. jg ! Capt. Thomas Chandler, May. 
1677 Lieut. Dudley Bradstreet. 1 Capt. Christopher Osgood 
1678-80 Ensign Thomas Chandler. [ Oct., Dec. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 37 

1691 Capt. Dudley Bradstreet. 17 16 Mr. John Osgood. 

1692 ( Capt. Dudley Bradstreet. 1717-21 Mr. Nebemiah Abbot. 

I Mr. |ohn Frye. 1721 Benjamin Stevens, Esq. 

1693 Mr. Christopher Osgood. 1722 Mr. James Bridges. 

1694 Capt. Thomas Chandler. 1723 Mr James Frye. 

1695 Major Dudley Bradstreet. 1724 Mr. James Bridges. 

1696 Capt. Christopher Osgood. 1725 Mr. Benjamin Barker. 

1697 Lieut. John Osgood. 1726 Mr. Neheniiah Abbot. 

1698 Col. Dudley Bradstreet. 1727 Mr. Timothy Osgood. 

1699 Col. Dudley Bradstreet. 1728-30 Benjamin Stevens, Esq. 

1700 Mr. John Abbot. I730-35 Mr. Joseph Parker. 

1701 Mr. John Aslebe. 1737-39 Capt. Timothy Johnson. 

1702 i Mr. John Osgood. I739 Mr. Joseph Parker. 

( Capt. James Frye. 1740-4' Mr. Timothy Johnson. 

1703 Mr. John Aslebe. 174 1 ( Capt. Timothy Johnson. 

1704 Mr. John Chandler. ^ John Osgood, Esq. 
1705-09 Capt. Christopher Osgood. .1742 John Osgood, Esq. 
1709-11 Mr. John Aslebe. 1743-5 Capt. Nathaniel Frye. 
171 1 Capt. John Chandler. 1745 j Capt. Timothy Johnson. 
1 71 2-16 Mr. Benjamin Stevens ( Capt. Nathaniel Frye. 

Mr. Simon Bradstreet was one of the Assistants or Council dur- 
ino- most of the time of his residence in Andover. He was one 
of the United Commissioners in 1644, and Agent to the Court of 
Charles II., 1662. 

Mr. Dudley Bradstreet was appointed Councillor in 1686, but 

declined to serve. 

Dudley Bradstreet, \ 

Benjamin Stevens, > Justices of the Peace. 

John Osgood, ) 

A List^ of the Principal Town Officers in the First Fifty Years from 

the Incorporation. 

1665. Thomas Johnson, constable; Richard Sutton, fence-viewer. 

1669. Sergt. Henry Ingalls, constable; John Lovejoy, William 
Chandler, fence-viewers ffor the southerly parte of the towne ; Sam- 
uel Martin and Nathan Stevens ffor the northerly parte of the 
towne ; Nathan Parker & John Abbot for the new-field ; Daniel 
Poor & John ffarnum ffor the ffields over Shawshin. Thomas 
Chandler is chosen to cary the votes to Salem. Daniel Poor, grand 
Jiirytnan. 

1 The records are scattered and immethodical, and the alphabetical index lost, 
so that it is possible some names have been overlooked. The quaint method of 
recording has been in a measure copied. The mode of dating 1670-71 (and 
sometimes either date indiscriminately from January to March), adds to the un- 
certainty of the dates. 



138 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

1670. Mr. Bradstreet, John ffry, senior, Richard Barker, Lieu- 
tenant Osgood, selecttnen ; William Chandler, constable; Stephen 
Osgood, grand Juryman. 

167 1. Mr. Bradstreet, Lieutenant Osgood, Richard Barker, 
John Stevens, John ffry, selectmen ; Sergeant Ingalls is impowered 
bv the towne to raise to be brought to Mr. Dane all his rates and 
wood and to sue or distrain upon any that shall neglect or lie 
behind. Richard Barker, John ffry, junior, Henry Ingolls, and 
Thomas ffarnum, surveyors. 

1672. Mr. Bradstreet, Lieut. Osgood, Richard Barker, John 
Stevens, Ensign Chandler, .f^/i?^/w^« / Stephen Johnson, constable ; 
Henry Abbot, senr., gratid juryman ;'^ John Stevens to view all 
such things as cutting down trees ; Ensign Chandler, John Ste- 
vens, Richard Barker, survaires for mending the high roads ; Wil- 
liam Chandler, grand juryman} j. 

1673. Mr. Dudley Bradstreet, Lieut. Osgood, Nathan parker. 
Ensign Chandler, selectmen; Samuel Martin, constable; Stephen 
Johnson, grand juryjnan ; Dudley Bradstreet, clerk of y" writts 
and of the toiune and likewise to record all Grants laid out in the 
Towne booke. Feb. 2. John Stevens, Stephen Johnson, George 
Abbot, senr., Daniel Poor, surveiors. 

1674. Richard Barker, sen., Mr. Edmond Faulkner, Daniell 
Poore, Sergt. Thomas ffarnum, John frie, junr., selectmen; John 
Lovejoy, Nathan V^xV^x, constables ; John 'Qzx\iex, grand juryman ; 
William Ballard & William Chandler, surveyors for y* south end of 
y' towne, Sergeant ffarnum & Dudley Bradstreet for y* north end 
of y* towne. 

1675. Richard Barker, Daniel Poor, Edmond ffaulkner, select- 
men ; Nathaniel Dane, Steven Osgood, constables; John ffr}^, junr., 
grand juryman ; Edmond ffaulkner, town clerk. 

1676. George Abbot, senr., branding tnan ; Left. John Osgood, 
Ensign Thomas Chandler, John ffrie, jr., Stephen Johnson, Dud- 
ley Bradstreet, selectmen ; Christopher Osgood, constable (south 
part of the towne) ; Timothy Johnson, constable (north part of the 
towne) ; Sergt. John Stevens and Thomas Johnson, surveiors ; 
Dudley Bradstreet, town clerke, to enter all graunts in y* great 
towne booke, for which he is to have two pence a graunt in money 
or else he is not obliged 

1677. Left. John Osgood, Ensign Thomas Chandler, Daniel 
Poor, John ffrie, Stephen Johnson, Dudley Bradstreet, selectmen ; 
Corp'. Samuel Martin, constable (north end) ; Thomas Osgood 
(south end) ; John Marston, senr., grand juryman. 

1 Two town meetings, January 6, February 3. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 39 

1678. John fTrie, junior, Richard Barker, senr., William Chand- 
ler, John Barker, Christopher Osgood, selectmen ; John Bridges, 
constable (north end) ; Samuel Hoult, constable (south end) ; Sam- 
uel Martin, grand jurymati. 

1679. Richard Barker, senr., Deacon ffrie, John Barker, Wil- 
liam Chandler, Christopher Osgood, selectmen ; Joseph Robinson, 
constable (north end) ; Joseph Wilson, constable (south end) ; Ralph 
Farnum, grand Juryman. 

1680. Capt. Dudley Bradstreet, Left. John Osgood, Ensign 
Thomas Chandler, Sergt. John Stevens, Sergt. John Barker, select- 
men ; George Abbot, constable (north end) ; Joseph Ballard, con- 
stable (south end) ; Richard Barker, senr., grand juryman. 

1 68 1. Capt. Bradstreet, Left. Osgood, Ensign Thomas Chand- 
ler, Richard Barker, senr., Deacon ffrie, selectmen; Samuel ffrie, 
constable (south end) ; Joseph Stevens, constable (north end) ; Dan- 
iel Poor, sen., grand jurytnan. 

1682. Capt. Bradstreet, Left. Osgood, Ensigne Chandler, Rich- 
ard Barker, senr., Sergt. John Stevens, selectmen ; John Abbot, con- 
stable (north end) ; Joseph Ballard, constable (south end) ; John 
Abbot, senr., grand jury. 

1683. Christopher Osgood, Steven Osgood, Sergt. Barker, John 
Marston, senr., Daniel Poor, senr., selecttnen ; William Barker, con- 
stable (north end) ; Left. Chandler, const ible (south end) ; John 
Farnum, grand juryman. 

1684. Capt. Bradstreet, Sergt. Barker, Christopher Osgood, 
Daniel Poor, senr., John Marston, selectmen ; John Osgood, constable 
(for north end) ; George Abbot, constable (for south end). April 
25th : Abraham Foster, co?istable (for south end) ; Capt. John 
Abbot, grand j'uryman. 

1685. Capt. Dudley Bradstreet, Capt. John Osgood, Left. 
Chandler, Ensign John Stevens, Corporal Samuel Marston, se- 
lectmen ; Corporal Nathan Stevens, constable (north end); James 
Frie, constable (south end); Corp' Samuel Holt, grand juryman ; 
Left. Chandler, lot-layer. 

1686. Capt. John Osgood, Richard Barker, senr., Daniel Poor, 
senr., Stephen Osgood, Christopher Osgood, selectmen ; Francis 
Faulkner, constable (north end) ; John Chandler, constable (south 
end). 

1687. Capt. John Osgood, Daniel Poor, senr., Christopher 
Osgood, John Aslebe, Joseph Ballard, selectmen; Stephen Parker, 
constable (north end) ; Samuel Blanchard, constable (south end). 

1688. Capt. Bradstreet, Capt. Osgood, Left. John Stevens, 



140 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Christopher Osgood, Capt. John Aslebe, Corp' Joseph Ballard, 
selectmen; Capt. Thomas Chandler, commissioner; Stephen Parker, 
constable (north end) ; Samuel Blanchard (south end). 

1689. There was " no choice " or election till ^ July ; " whereas 
ye time was lapsed " the election then made was only till January 
following: Captain Bradstreet, Capt. John Osgood, Capts. John 
Aslebe, John Osgood, junr., Richard Barker, senr., selectmefi ; Dan- 
iel Poor, constable (north end) ; ffrancis Dane, constable (south end). 

1690. Capt. Bradstreet, Capt. Chandler, Sergt. Joseph Ballard, 
John Abbot, senr., Henry Holt, selectmen ; Walter Wright, Ephraim 
Foster, constables. 

1691. [January 5, 1690, for the year 1691, which was not reck- 
oned to begin till March.] Capt. Thomas Chandler, Left. Jno. 
Barker, Sergt. Jno. Chandler, John Abbot, senr., selectmen; George 
Abbot, William Johnson, constables; William Lovejoy, grand Jury- 
man ; Sergt. Henry Ingalls, Jury of trials. 

1692. Capt. Dudley Bradstreet, Sergt. John Chandler, Sergt. 
John Aslebe, John Abbot, jr., Corp' Sam' ffrie, selectmen; Timothy 
Osgood, Joseph Ballard, constables; Quartermaster James Frie, 
grand Juryman. 

1693. Capt. Dudley Bradstreet, Capt. Osgood, Andrew Peters, 
John Chandler, Christopher Osgood, selectmen; Benjamin Stevens, 
William Abbot, constables; Ephraim Stevens, clerk of y" ?narket ; 
Left. John Barker, commissioner for assessments ; Corp' George 
Abbot, sealer of leather; Henry Hoult, senr, ffrancis Dane, survei- 
ors (south end) ; Ephraim Stevens, John Osgood, surveiors (north 
end) ; Ensign Samuel Martin, Corp' Nathan Stevens, Hopestill 
Tyler, Walter Wright, tything-m^n ; Stephen Parker, Timothy Os- 
good, Abraham Foster, Joseph Wilson, Samuel Phelps, Joseph 
Marble, senr., fence viewers. 

1694. Capt. Dudley Bradstreet, town clerk; Mr. Andrew Pe- 
ters, John Abbot, senr., Mr. James ffrie, Sam' Blanchard, senr., 
John Osgood, selectf?ten &^ overseers of poor; John Barker, cofn- 
missioner; Richard Barker, Henry Holt, senr., cofistables ; Sergt. 
Ephraim Stevens, Joseph Stevens, Capt. George Abbot, William 
Lovejoy, surveyors; Sergt. Jno. Aslebe, Sergt. Jno. Bridges, Fran- 
cis Dane, Nehemiah Abbot, tithing men ; Corp' Samuel Osgood, 
Benj. Barker, fence-viewers (for north end) ; William Johnson, Wil- 
liam Chandler, jun., fetice viewers (for south end) ; Sergt. Ephraim 
Stevens, clerk of y" market; Corp' George Abbot, leather sealer; 
Benjamin Barker, pound-keeper (north end) ; William Johnson, 

1 On account of the disturbances caused by the Revolution of '89. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. I4I 

pound-keeper (south end) ; Benjamin Stevens, Sam' Marble, John 
Marston, jr., Jno. Ballard, Benjamin Abbot, Jno. Stevens, Ha- 
wards ^ or field-drivers. 

1695. Mr. Andrew Peters, treasurer ; Capt. Thomas Chand- 
ler, Deacon John ffrie, Jno. Abbot, assessors ; Dudley Bradstreet, 
toum clerk ; Majr. Dudley Bradstreet, Left. John Osgood, Quarter- 
master James ffrie, John Abbot senr., Sergt. Ephraim Stevens, se- 
lectmen ; John Carlton, William Lovejoy, constables; Sergt. Eph- 
raim Stevens, Joseph Stevens, Sergt. George Abbot, William 
Lovejoy, Henry Holt, Stephen Parker, sjtrveiors ; Ensign Martin, 
Nathaniel Dane, Benjamin Abbot, William Chandler, Tything 
men ; Francis Dane, Joseph Marble, Nathan Stevens, Samuel 
M.zxh\Q., fence viewers ; Sergt. Ephraim Stevens, clerk of y^ market ; 
Sergt. George Abbot, leather-sealer ; haywards same as last year; 
Benjamin Barker & William Johnson, pound-keepers ; Andrew 
Peters, treasurer; Left. John Barker, John Chandler, Joseph 
Stevens, a standing committee, to take care to keep y" meeting- 
house in good repair & to hire suitable workmen for that end «Sc to 
give their accounts yearly to y^ selectmen whoe shall order y® treas- 
urer to pay them, they putting money or moneys worth into y" 
treasurer's hand to enable him thereto ; Samuel Ingalls, grand 
juryman, for y® quarter sessions att Ipswich ; Andrew ffoster & 
William Chandler, iertius, chosen upon y* jury of trials at y^ in- 
ferior Court of pleas. 

1696. Maj. Dudley Bradstreet, clerk; Maj. Dudley Bradstreet, 
Left. John Osgood, Capt. Christopher Osgood, Left. Chandler, 
Mr. Andrew Peters, selectmen ; Sergt. William Chandler, Sergt. 
Samuel Osgood, constables ; Sergt. Ephraim Stevens, Dea. Joseph 
Stevens, Corp' Stephen Parker, Sergt. George Abbot, Sergt. Wil- 
liam Lovejoy, Henry Holt, surveyors ; Qr. Mr. James Erie, Corp'. 
Benjamin Barker, Thomas Chandler, jr., Henry Holt, jr., tything 
men; Timothy Osgood, Samuel Hutchinson, Corp'. Benj. Abbot, 
Nehemiah Abbot, _/^«r(? viewers ; Sergt. Ephraim Stevens, clerk of 
the market ; Sergt. George Abbot, leather sealer ; Benjamin Bar- 
ker, William Johnson, pound-keeper; Mr. Andrew Peters, town 
treasurer. 

[There were town meetings in March, May, and August, 
this year.] May elections as follows : — 

1 "Hayward" [Fr. /laie, hedge, andwrtr^/=: hedgeward.] A person appointed 
to keep cattle from doing injury to hedges. In New England the hayward's duty 
is to impound cattle and swine, which are running at large contrary to law. — 
Webster. 



142 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Dea. Joseph Stevens, Sergt. Saml. ffrie, grand jurymen to serve 
at y'^ superiour court att Ipswich ; Corpl. Hooker Osgood, Jno. Bal- 
lard, jury of tryalls at y^ above'*^ court ; Capt. Christopher Osgood, 
representative for y* town. 

A List of the Selectmen Second Half Century from the Incorporation, 

1696-1746. 

1696. (August elections.) Sergt. John Aslebe, Qr. Mr. John 
Frie, John Abbot sr., assessors for y* tax of seventy-six pounds 
granted at y'' Genl, Cort 27 May 1696, ye assessors refused to 
serve for y* y^ selectmen this year are to be the assessors as y^ law 
directs & took their oath as y* law directs Aug. 2, 1696. 

Maj. Dudley Bradstreet, Capt. Christopher Osgood [2], Left. 
John Osgood [2], Mr. Andrew Peters, Left. John Chandler (1697).^ 
[Sergt. John Aslebe is chosen a lott layer in y^ roome of Left. 
Thomas Johnson, his age calling for a writt of ease], Left. Samuel 
Frye (1698), Capt. James ffrie. Ensign John Aslebe (1699), Sam- 
uel Osgood [2], Samuel Ingalls, Ephraim Stevens (1703), John 
Osgood [6], George Abbot [9], John Frie [8] (1710), John Chand- 
ler [16], Richard Barker [2] (17 14), Nathanel Abbot, William 
Lovejoy [2] (1715), Ephraim Foster [2], John Abbot [6] (1719), 
Francis Dane [2], Timothy Johnson [9] (1720), Joseph Osgood, 
Benjamin Barker [4] (1722), Nehemiah Abbot, William Foster 
(1723), Joseph Robinson [2], John Johnson (1725), John Farnum 
[2] (1725), Ephraim Abbot [4] (1726), Henry Ingalls (1727), 
James Bridges, Thomas Chandler (1728), Ebenezer Abbot (i734)> 
James Stevens, Joseph Sibson (1742), Nathaniel Frye (i743)> 
James Ingalls [2] (1745)-^ 

Town Treasurers. 

Andrew Peters (1697-1704), Lieut. John Aslebe (i 704-1706), 
Andrew Peters (1707-17 13), William Foster (17 14-17 16), Timothy 
Osgood (1717-1721), James Stevens (1721-1729), James Ingalls 
(1729-1732), James Stevens (i733-i734) Henry Ingalls (1734- 
1737), Isaac Frie, 1738 .... Joshua Frye, 1745. 

A word or two may not be amiss in regard to some of the 
offices above specified : that of tithing-man is described in the 

1 The date of year after the names denotes the time when first found recorded. 
The figure in brackets denotes the number of times recorded as in office. 

- These are collected from memoranda scattered throughout the records, and 
possibly may be incomplete. 




MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. I43 

chapter on the churches ; it referring principally to the con- 
duct of persons in regard to public worship and observance 
of the Sabbath. 

The haywards, as has been said, took care in regard to the 
injury to property by domestic animals. 

The office of branding-man had to do with the safety of 
the cattle which ran loose, also horses and other animals. 
Each town had its brand-mark. The General Court in 1647, 
ordered that the brand-mark of Andover is A, ordered " for 
horses to be set upon one of y* neare quarters." 

Each individual owner also had his brand-mark. The fol- 
lowing is from the Town Records : — 



ya7nes Fries Ear-Mark Recorded. 



" December the 25th 1734 the ear mark that James Frie Giveth 
his cattel and other Creatures is as followeth viz, a half crop cut 
out of the under side of the Left ear split or cut out about the 
middel of the Top of the ear, called by som a figger of seven." 

From many records of stray animals taken up, tlie follow- 
ing are selected : — 

" Thomas Abbot of Andover hath taken up a blak horse as a 
stray, no eare marke or brand but a few white haires in his fore- 
head and a few in his neck, prysed by William Chandler & Samuel 
Martin at 4 ;!^ 10 s, the i8th day of December 167 1." ^ 

" Benjamin Frye of Andover hath a darke bay mare, a blaze in 
her forehead, branded with the letter P on her neare shoulder, 
taken up as a stray the 26th of December '72, prized at 2,£ lo-^ 
by John Lovejoy & William B , Entered 13 March 1672." 

" 1686. Andrew Peeters of Ipswich hath a browne bay horse, a 
star in the forehead, mealy belly, browne nose, noe ear-marke, nor 
brand that is seen, doct : — alsoe a sorell mare, a white slip on the 
nose & white in the forehead, mealy under the belly, a little piece 
cut, a snip neare eare, doct & lame ; prized both of them at 4o.f 
by Simon T[uttle ?] ." 

1 Registry of Deeds, " Ipswich," Book I. 



144 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Not the horses and cattle only, but the settlers themselves 
were liable to go astray and become bewildered and lost in 
the trackless wilds. Death in the woods was no uncommon 
occurrence. Witness the following, the first record of a cor- 
oner's jury : — 

" The verdict of jury appyonted upon the body of Peter Allyn 
whoe going forth into the woods to worke in March last could not 
be found nor heard of notwithstanding the diligent search that was 
made for him several days till this 21 : 4th '64. An Indian in- 
formed there was an Englishman found in the River called Shaw- 
shin about a myle from the Towne of Andover, wee repared to the 
place & found the s"* Peter Allyn lying in the s*^ river pt of his 
clothing on & girt about him, his breaches gone, stockings being 
rolled or torne off & p* of his flesh consumed soe wee concluded 
according to our best apprehension that hee lost himself in the 
woods & going over the bridge accidentally fell in & was drowned; 
that our verdict witness our hands this 21 : 4th '64 

John Frie 
Richard Barker 
The mark of John Johnson 
Henry Ingals 

Ralfe -|- ffarnum (his mark) 
John -)- Russe (his mark) 
George Abbot 
Mark -\- Graves (his mark) 
Robert -}- Russel (his mark) 
Timothy Johnson 
Walter Wright (his mark) " 

Amons: the above named officers of the town was the clerk 
of the market. He had the care of the standard weights and 
measures. In 1649 the " two Constables of Andover" (no 
names), were presented before the County Court " for want 
of settled weisihts and measures " Witnesse Nathaniel Parker 
of Andover. 

The following record in regard to the clerk of the market 
is found in the selectmen's accounts : — 

"21 April 1719 : Received of Robart Swan executor to the es- 
tate of Ensign Ephraim Stevens dark of the market for the town 
of Andover deceased, the said Towne Stander for waits and mes- 
ures : viz, two half-bushels, one peck, one half-peck ; one ale 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. I45 

quartt-pott, one pint pott, one half pint. Waits ; one half-hundred, 
one quarter of a hundred, one half quarter of a hundred, one seven 
pound wait, one four pound wait, one two-pound wait, one half- 
pound wait, one quarter of a pound wait, one two ounce wait, one 
melting-ladle, iron sealer, one yard-measure, and delivered unto 
Abiel Stevens clerke of the market." 

In 1 7 16, the town voted " that an iron melting-ladle be pro- 
cured for the clerk of y® market to melt lead to make weights, 
as occasion may be for the inhabitants and to be paid for by 
y^ town and kept for the town's use." 

In 171 7 there was an attempt made to keep the accounts 
more clearly and improve upon the method of arrangement, 
with the purchase of a "new booke." In this book was the 
following entry : — 

"This Book was bought in the month of August, in the yeare of 
our Lord anno dom. 17 17. For y® Town of Andover for their 
selectmens youse sucksessively f^ to keep their accounts for the s* 
Town Reackonings. And they have begun the book with an 
alphabett^ to the Ready finding their accounts and Reckonings 
and so have begun for to page this Book and Desir it may be 
paged out by those that shall suckseed in place." 

The town of Andover was, as Mr. Woodbridge stated, made 
up at the beginning of " choice men " " very desirable " and 
'• good Christians." These settlers took care to insure as far 
as possible the continuance of such a class of citizens. The 
selectmen were empowered to examine into the character and 
habits of all persons seeking residence and to admit none 
who were idle or immoral. 

"Andover, the 2,0th of January, 1719-20. 
" To Mr. Ebenezer Lovejoy, Constable, Greeting : 

" Whereas there is severall Persons com to Reside in our Towne 
and we feare a futer charge and as the Law directs to prevent 
such charge ; you are Requested in his Majesty's name forthwith 
to warn the severall parsons under wrighten : to depart out of our 
Towne as the law directs to, least they prove a futer charge to the 
Towne." [Signed by the Selectmen.] 

The town also encouraged desirable persons to settle by 

1 The alphabet being not now with the Book the " ready finding " is somewhat 
hindered. 

10 



146 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

making them grants of land, or furnishing facihties for the 
investment of capital as in mills, iron-works, ferries, etc. 
Ministers and masters of grammar schools were exempt from 
taxation. 

The town grew with considerable rapidity, considering its 
inland situation and its exposure to attacks of Indians. Yet 
it was hardly a large or an old settlement before emigration 
from it began. 

It would be natural to suppose that the children of the 
first settlers, who had heard from their fathers, or had them- 
selves shared in the privations and hardships of pioneer life, 
would in their manhood have been thankful to be in a meas- 
ure exempt from such a lot and to enjoy in peace and quiet 
the advantages of a comparatively old settlement. But there 
was a fascination in the wilderness and a temptation in town 
building which were irresistible. To hew a way to fortune, 
as his axe cleaved the path in the forest, was the pioneer's 
hope ; to have lands which would be all his own in a place 
where acres could be got for the clearing, even though it were 
at the cost of ease and comfort, seemed better to the ambi- 
tious sons of the planters than to be content with the com- 
paratively small portion of the paternal estates which fell to 
any one of the usually many children of the first settlers. 
Moreover, a new town offered opportunities for " advance- 
ment," and this was the object of all the settlers, from Gov- 
ernor Thomas Dudley, seeking it for his son-in-law, the first 
minister of Andover, down to the blacksmith's apprentice, who 
looked to the day when he should set up a shop like his mas- 
ter's, and perhaps become, like that master, a representative to 
the Great and General Court. Capitalists also sought invest- 
ment for their money in building new towns, setting in opera- 
tion corn-mill and saw-mill, and carrying on lumber trade with 
Barbadoes and other places, whither the colonists shipped 
their products and exchanged them for commodities of com- 
fort and luxury. 

Thus, as always, where land invites, emigration began. In- 
deed, the planters of Andover seem to have felt very much 
cramped for room from the outset. The territory which now 
seems ample for thousands was " too strait " for a hundred or 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 47 

two hundred. Witness the following petition. It is not dated, 
but must have been within the first fifty years : — 

"To Y= Hon"* Gex"- Court 1 .... Humbly Sheweth. — That 
y* wise and gracious providence of God having Disposed y* peti- 
tioners condicions and habitations soe y' now by y"^ blessings y' 
God hath given them in their estates and posterity they find them- 
selves exceedingly straitened in their possessions and accommoda- 
tions, many of your petitioners having for y* benefitt of gods ordi- 
nances and christian communion and neighborhood many years 
kept themselves and children under a narrow confinement, and 
whereas this Honble Court have always in order to y^ promoting 
y* publick weale been willing and ready to incourage all reasonable 
requests with respect to y*" orderly and sociable settlement of 
towns and plantations ; and whereas many of y'' petitioners are 
much straitened in their p'sonall acommodations and most of 
their children grown up and many others of ye petitioners wholly 
destitute of land for settlement and soe under a necessity to look 
out for inlargment and places of habitation. 

" And forasmuch as : This Honble Court have by sundr)' peti- 
tions granted, given and disposed sundr}'^ large and accomodable 
ffarms to sundry p'sons viz to y* worshipful y^ deputy Gov"' Majr 
Denison and to y^ Reverend Mr. Cobbett and Mr. Higginson and 
to Marshall Murcheson and others lying to y^ northward of Merri- 
mack river, as they are now laid out and to the north west of 
Haverhill bounds and southerly from Exeter and forasmuch as 
between and about y^ s*^ farms and bounds of s'^ Town There is 
sundr}- pieces and Tracts of land which added and granted as a 
township to ye s'^ farms may make a convenient township and for- 
asmuch as your petitioners have consulted y^ proprietors of y® 
farmes and find them ready and willing to give all Due incourage- 
ment for y^ settling of a town or plantation y^ petitioners humbly 
pray that y^ Lands adjacent to y*^ bounds and farmes aforesaid 
being not already appropriated and laid out may be granted to y^ 
petitioners and y^ proprietors of s"^ farmes with such enlargement 
as may according to ye place and nature of y^ Land be thought 
convenient ; there being besides y'' petitioner forty persons at 
least in y*^ whole under one hundred, if accommodations be found 
ready to settle themselves, sons and servts upon, and y' y^ s** 
Graunt may be with and upon tender and favourable considera- 
'•tions and conditions granted to y™ with respect to y^ extent and 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. c.\ii., page 202. 



148 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

t3'me of settlement y* soe such of y"" petitioners as cannot comfort- 
ably make a suddayne remove may not be discouraged. 

Joseph Parker, senr. Joshua Woodman. 

Nathan Parker. Ephraim Stevens. 

Walter Wright. Samuel Frye. 

Samuel Preston. James ffry. 

Samuel Hoult. Timothy Johnson. 

Edward Whittington. Stephen Osgood. 

Nathan Stevens. Joseph Marble. 

RoBT. Russell. Samuel Marble. 

Tho. Johnson. Samuel Martyn. 

Stephen Johnson. Jno. Russ. 

Steph. Barnatt. Joseph Parker, junr." 

Richard Barker. 

In 1723 ^ Stephen Barker and others of Andover, Bradford, 
and Haverill, petitioned for the grant of a tract of land called 
Pennacook, the present site of Concord, N. H. Their peti- 
tion, though granted by the House, did not find favor with the 
Council ; but they obtained another tract, now the site of 
Methuen. A relic of their exploration at Pennacook is the 
following : ^ — 

"Pennecook, March 22, 172!. 

" Marching, Capt. James Erie and Lieut. Stephen Barker with 
thirty men moved from Andover to go to Pennecook ; y'' ist day 
was stormy, but we went to Nutfield and lodged there that night ; 
the 2d day we came to Amiskeage and Lodged there; the 3d day 
we came to Suncook, in s*^ Pennecook and built four camps and 
Lodgd there; the 4th day we came to Pennecook Plains att y* 
Intervale Lands about 1 1 of the clock. There we found five of 
those men who came from N. Ireland (?) Mr. Houston was one 
of them ; they came to us and we choze Capt Erie to discourse 
them with 4 men. They say that they have a Graunt of this Penne- 
cook on both sides of the River. They call us Rebbels and com- 
mande us to discharge the Place both in the Kings name and in 
the Provinces and if we dont in a fortnight they will gett us off. 

1 In 1719 some Scotch-Irish emigrants, who had landed in Boston, came to 
Andover and stayed here for some months, while waiting for their party to pro- 
ceed to Londonderry to make a settlement. They introduced the potato into the 
town. 

2 Mass. Archives^ vol. lii., 45. 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 49 

We therefore desire you Justice Stevens, with the Committee to 
send us word whether we have any encouragement to stay or else 
to draw off. But Capt. Frie's courage is so that he will stay allone 
rather than Let them usurpers drive us off." 

"A True coppy of y" Journal sent from Pennecook and of their 
Treatment When they got there." 

The Pennacook tract was ultimately granted to Mr. Benja- 
min Stevens and others. Among them was the Rev. Samuel 
Phillips, who in the petition stated that, having no house-lot 
rights at Andover, and being the father of several sons, he 
desired to make provision for his family. Mr. Timothy- 
Walker, of Woburn, who had been master of the Andover 
Grammar School, was also one of the party interested, and 
became the first minister. The beginning of active opera- 
tions was in the spring of 1726. The place was then, as is 
said in an ancient description of it, " a perfect wilderness, 
having not the least sign that human foot ever trod there, and 
twenty miles up into the Indian country." Numerous meet- 
ings of the persons principally interested in the settlement 
were held at Andover, " at Mr. Stevens dwelling ; " at Brad- 
ford, at Griffin's tavern ; at Haverhill, at Eastman's tavern, 
and at Ipswich, for almost a year before things were brought 
to the point of setting out. In September, 1726, Ensign John 
Chandler, of Andover, John Ayer, of Haverhill, and Mr. Wil- 
liam Barker, of Andover, were chosen " to clear a sufficient 
cart way to Pennecook the nighest and best way they can 
from Haverhill." Other still more important leaders of the 
enterprise were Lieutenant-governor William Tailer and J. N. 
Wainvvright, Esq., Clerk of the Committee of the General 
Court. The latter two had been up in May to view the 
place, and Mr. Wainwright wrote an account of their journey. 
Ensign John Chandler went with them and helped survey 
the land. He was a man peculiarly fitted for a pioneer's 
adventures, — athletic and strong, and of great courage, a 
noted wrestler, and a man whom to lay violent hands on 
was dangerous. The travellers went by way of Londonderry, 
where was a tavern at which they refreshed themselves with 
" Small Beer." While they were prospecting, they were 
waited upon by a committee sent by Governor Wentworth 



150 ' HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of New Hampshire, who warned them that they would at- 
tempt to make a plantation there at their peril ; for the place 
belonged to the jurisdiction of New Hampshire. The set- 
tlers made bold answer that, as the committee were sent by 
the Governor of New Hampshire, so were they sent by the 
Governor of Massachusetts, and that they should proceed 
with their work, which they accordingly did. Their chief 
fear seems to have been of rattlesnakes. " We saw divers 
rattle-snakes but thanks to God, nobody was harmed." They 
voted to pay three pence per tail for every rattlesnake's 
tail (the snake killed in Pennacook), to be paid by the treas- 
urer on sight of the tail. Capt. Benjamin Stevens was first 
treasurer of the company, succeeded by Dea. John Osgood. 
They voted to build a block-house, a saw-mill, and a ferry- 
boat, in 1726. In 1730, November 18, the minister was or- 
dained. The two ministers from Andover, Mr. Phillips and 
Mr. Barnard, and Mr. Brown of Haverhill, officiated. Among 
the settlers were several of the Abbot family of Andover. 
One of these was the son of Timothy Abbot, who had been 
carried captive by the Indians into this very region, as is 
supposed. 

The bard of the Merrimack has made the name of Pen- 
nacook immortal in his "Legend of the Bridal" of the In- 
dian maiden Weetamoo, daughter of Passaconaway, whose 
haunts were the region along the river, and who often 
pitched his wigwam in Andover meadows and woods. As 
the men of Andover, stout Ensign Chandler, and Edward 
Abbot, and William Barker, and the others plunged into the 
thick woods, axe in hand, or chopped down trees, and cut off 
the tails of rattlesnakes, or loaded their guns to shoot a " red- 
skin," and pulled out their hunting-knives to scalp him as 
coolly as they would have to take the hide from the red-deer, 
they did not think much about the poetry of the scene. They 
had seen the homes of old Andover too often fired, and the 
blood of their children stain the savage's tomahawk, to have 
any compunctions about killing him. 

When Mr. Barnard preached the ordination sermon of the 
minister of Pennacook, he gave thanks that here God was 
now to be worshipped by Christians, where formerly there 
had been only heathen " salvages." 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 151 

Beautiful as is the legend of Pcnnacook, and great as is 
our sympathy with the wrongs of the race that has been ex- 
terminated by the Christian "pale-face," we cannot agree 
that times were better when the Indian's wigwam was the 
only dwelling, or think that the poet means literal truth when 
he suggests that the river of swift waters would lament if it 
could f^nd voice, over the changes which the centuries have 
brought, — 

"O stream of the mountains, if answer of thine 
Could rise from thy waters to question of mine, 
Methinks, through the din of thy thronged banks, a moan 
Of sorrow would swell for the days that are gone." 

From the narrative thus far it is evident that the town, 
though projected by a few of the rich and influential men of 
the colony, was composed, for the most part, of the middle 
and humbler classes, yeomen and artisans. There were not 
at Andover in the beginning more than a half-dozen men, in 
fact, hardly so many, who could be called rich or learned. 
Good, honest, plain citizens, self-respecting and respected, 
were the first planters of old Andover, with one or two fami- 
lies among them of the highest social position and connec- 
tions in the colony. 

The following list, showing the occupations of the princi- 
pal settlers, has been made up from incidental records in 
various documents: — 

Minister. Rev. John Woodbridge, 1644 ; Rev. Francis Dane. 

Gentleman. Mr. Simon Bradstreet, Col. Dudley Bradstreet. 

Yeoman} Mr. John Osgood, 1650 ; George Abbot, senr., John 
Stevens, Richard Barker. 

Husbandman} Daniel Poor, Richard Sutton, Henr\- Ingalls, 
Job Tyler, William Ballard, William Chandler, Samuel Martin, 
John Abbot, Francis Faulkner. 

Carpenter. Thomas Johnson, Stephen Johnson, Stephen Os- 
good, Joseph Parker, 2d, Samuel Wardwell. 

Tanner. Joseph Parker, John Osgood, Christopher Osgood. 

Afason. John Marble. 

Bricklayer. Samuel Marble. 

Cooper. Joseph Wilson. 

1 Convertible terms. 



152 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Wheelwright. John Farnum, 17 12. 

Blacks7nith. Thomas Chandler, John Bridges, 1692 ; Hopestil 
Tyler, 1692 ; Jacob Preston. 

Weaver. Richard Sutton, 1658 ; Walter Wright, Mark Graves, 
Samuel Phelps, Edward Phelps, Samuel Frye, Stephen Barnard, 
John Abbot, William Abbot. 

Tailor. Thomas Farnum, George Abbot. 

Shoemaker. John Johnson. 

Cordwainer. George Abbot, 1693. 

Distiller. Andrew Peters. 

Mariner. Robert Gray. 

The history of the industrial enterprises and the educa- 
tional and religious institutions founded by the first settlers, 
will be related in subsequent chapters. A few words may 
here be said to outline this period of the early history. The 
first industry which engaged general interest was the saw- 
mill and corn-mill. The town built a mill at its own expense. 
Mr. Bradstreet is said also to have owned a mill. Joseph 
Parker had also a mill (perhaps the same which the town helped 
to build) on the Cochichawick. Stephen Johnson owned a 
saw-mill in 1667. The town gave encouragement to Walter 
Wright and Edward Whittington to build a fulling-mill in 
1673 ; but there seems to have been none built till 1689, and 
then the Ballard brothers were the owners. Mr, Bradstreet 
owned iron works in Boxford, and there were iron works set 
up at Andover, probably before 1700. 

The fisheries were a great source of profit for a long time, 
and a monopoly of the fishing places was granted to individ- 
uals who carried on extensive operations. In 1681 a vote 
was passed granting a monopoly of fishing for twenty-one 
years : — 

" Granted to Capt. Bradstreet, Left. Osgood & Ensign Chandler 
and such others as they shall associate to themselves, the libertie 
& privilege of fishing in Shawshin River from y*^ mouth of said 
river up to y'' old bridge and upon Merrimack river twenty rods 
below y^ mouth of s*^ river of Shawshin and twenty rods up the 
said river of Merrimack from the mouth of said river of Shawshin 
and twenty rods into y^ said river of Merrimack from y^ upper end 
and lower end of y* aforesaid twenty rods & y® aboves*^ persons 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 153 

with such as they shall joyne with them are to enjoy y" aboves* 
privileges the full and just terme of twenty-one years from y'' first 
day of May next. The first ten years they shall have it for noth- 
ing, ye other eleven years either to pay y' towne lo pounds per 
annum or resigne up their future interest in y' s'^ place, and alsoe 
they are to sell to any inhabitant basse at 5'' per piece provided 
those y' buy, buy two at one time, y" parties buying to chose one, 
y* parties selling to chose another ; and if y" parties buying choose 
rather to pay 3 pence per piece for basse in money y^ owners of 
said privilege shall not refuse y^ same, provided as above said, 
they buy two at a time." 

Another vote, 1696, provides for making a "ware for y^ 
catching of fish." 

"4 May 1696. Voted and passed y' these tenn men hereafter 
named shall have the libertie of making a ware for y*' catching of 
fish in Merrimack River att a place commonly called y' fishing 
place against Maj. Bradstreets his Ground. According to these 
terms following ; viz, to sell to y^ inhabitants of this town at any 
price not exceeding twelve pence y** score & y^ inhabitants of this 
town to be supplied before strangers : 

" Mr. Andrew Peeters, Left. John Chandler, Left. Thomas John- 
son, Sergt John Aslebe, William Chandler senr, Andrew Foster, 
Walter Wright senr, Henry Holt sr. Thomas Osgood, Daniel Bigs- 
bee are y^ s^ tenn men. 

"This aboves"^ ware to be erected & finished as soon as f 
streame will permit upon y^ forfiture of y* grant." 

The making of spirituous liquors was a profitable industry, 
Mr. Andrew Peters was a distiller, and Mr. James Bridges, 
1 72 1, and earlier, owned a malt-house. 

There seem to have been no "stores" proper for about 
seventy-five years. Salem was " y® nearest market towne " 
for many years. In 1693 there was a " market " at Andover. 
Doubtless it displayed country produce of various sorts, as 
the markets of England. The precise duties of " y^ clerke 
of y^ market " are not ascertained. 

A bill of goods bought by an Andover citizen, 1677, and 
which he was sued for non-payment of, is on record. Paul 
White (of Haverhill .?), brought the suit. The amount claimed 
was ten pounds, ten shillings. Among the items were : — 



154 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

3 y''^ of blew linen. 3 lbs of fruit. 

2 glass bottles & 2 qts of rum. A pt of wine and liquor- 

■^\ lbs of sugar @, id^ 

5 y*^' of sarge @ (id. 

Silke & buttons & a combe & horne-book. 

Tobacco, tongs, knife. Latting-ware. 

5 qts rum. i gallon of molasses. 

Gingerbread. 

A large part of the trade was by barter, neighbors ex- 
changing with each other their surplus products. 

The first stores of which record has been found were that 
of Mr. Isaac Abbot, in the South Parish, and that kept by 
the son of Rev. Samuel Phillips, Deacon (the Hon.) Samuel 
Phillips, in North Andover. The advice given by the min- 
ister of the South Church to his son, in regard to carry- 
ing on his business, is not too old fashioned to be of use 
now : — 

" Sept I'jth \']T^% > 

"Andover, South Parish. > 

. ..." As to your trading, keep fair and true accounts, and do 
wrong to no man ; but sell as cheap to a child as you would to one 
that is adult ; never take advantage of any, either because of their 
Ignorance or their Poverty ; for if you do it will not turn to your 
own advantage ; but y" contrary. And as you may not wrong any 
person, so neither wrong y'' Truth in any case whatever, for y® 
Sake of gain or from any other motive. Either be silent or else 
speak ye Truth. 

" And be prudent but yet not over timorous and over Scrupu- 
lous in y* article of Trusting, lest you stand in your own light. 
Some people are more honest p'haps than you think for, and it 
may be will pay sooner than you expect. Keep to your shop, if 
you expect that to keep you and be not out of y® way when cus- 
tomers come." 

The agricultural industries, which were at the foundation 
of all the others, were at the outset of the simplest sort. The 
farming implements were few and rude. A great part of the 
country being covered with forests, it required much time 
and labor to fell the trees, and clear space for dwellings and 
house-lots, orchards and gardens. The largest farmers had 
not over four oxen, and six to eight cows. Horses were 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 55 

scarce. John Stevens had one horse, an ass, and colt, and 
two sheep (these were scarce), and a " stock of bees." 

But the second fifty years made a great change. New set- 
tlers came in. Schools were established, and professional 
men were common in the town, and from numbering a score 
the town had increased to near a thousand. 

Following is a list of the names not found on any of the 
former lists, but appearing among the tax-payers at the end 
of the first century from the incorporation : — 

Adams, Avery, Bailey, Beard, Berry, Bevens, Bragg, 
Brown, Chickering, Clark, Cole, Colebe, Cummins, De- 
lap, DiLOWAY, Dodge, Downing, Faver, Fields, Fish, 
FiSKE, FuRBUSH, Gage, Jackson, Jenkins, Goold, Gordon, 
Hall, Hardy, How, Jones, Kimball, Kittredge, Lahors, 
Latmon, Levaly, Lewes, Mecarney, Merrill, Moriah, 
NoYES, Peabody, Pearce, Person, Pevy, Phillips, Scales, 
Seton, Shackford, Shattuck, Sibson, Smith, Steel, 
Steward, Stiles, Thurston. Tomson, Towns, Walcot, 
Warner, Whiston, Wiley, Wosson. 

Of the foregoing list of residents a very few of the more 
prom' ent will be now noticed. 

Phillips stands among the names most widely known. 
The Rev. Samuel Phillips (grandson of Rev. Samuel Phillips 
of Rowley, and great grandson of Rev. George Phillips, the 
first minister of Watertown) came to Andover, 1710, as pastor 
of the South Church. He was, as a minister, not entitled to 
house-lot rights, but, as his family grew, he obtained large 
grants of land in new townships, in Londonderry, Wenham, 
Chester, Hampshire, Freetown, etc. His sons, born in An- 
dover, were the Hon. Samuel Phillips, who settled in North 
Andover, the Hon. John Phillips, of Exeter, the Hon. Wil- 
liam Phillips, merchant, of Boston, father of Lieut.-governor 
William Phillips. 

Hon. Samuel Phillips, a graduate of Harvard College, 
1735, entered into trade and established himself at North 
Andover. He built for his residence, about 1752, the house 
still owned by the family, the gambrel-roofed manse on the 



156 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

Boston road west of the burying-ground, and next south of 
the Bradstreet house, then the parsonage of the Rev. John 
Barnard. Mr. PhilHps married EHzabeth Barnard, a cousin 
of the minister. His household was a model of a Christian 
family, his wife being a lady of rare virtues, and himself, 
deacon of the North Church, a man of inflexible principles 
and integrity. He was among the most distinguished men 
in the Revolutionary period, being representative, senator, 
and the friend of some of the most eminent statesmen of 
the time. He was conservative and cautious, though patri- 
otic. 

Of his family of seven children, only one survived the par- 
ents, Samuel Phillips, Jr., " Judge Phillips," also Lieuten- 
ant-governor. Through his influence Phillips Academy was 
founded by his father and uncle. He, after his marriage 
to Miss Phebe Foxcroft, of Cambridge, lived in the South 
Parish, and built the " mansion house " for his residence. 

The Hon. Samuel Phillips, Sen., died 1790. Judge Phil- 
lips took charge of the estate until his son (born 1776), the 
Hon. John Phillips, entered into business and made it his 
residence. 

Col. John Phillips, a graduate of Harvard College, 1795, 
studied law for a time, entered into trade in Charlestown, 
where he married Miss Lydia Gorham, daughter of the Hon. 
Nathaniel Gorham. Removing to North Andover, he lived 
here until his sudden death (1820), at the age of forty-four. 
His wife, only thirty-six years old, was left with thirteen chil- 
dren, three sons. Few ladies could have shown more wis- 
dom and ability, and none in North Andover have com- 
manded greater respect, or won more cordial regard, than 
Madam Lydia Gorham Phillips. She maintained a digni- 
fied family rule, bringing up her children all to adult years, 
and to occupy positions of honor and usefulness. Samuel 
Phillips, Esq., graduated at Harvard College, 18 19, was at- 
torney at law, Andover, 1829, and afterward in Newbury- 
port. Mr. John Phillips was a merchant of Boston. Mr. 
Gorham Phillips is a merchant resident of the State of 
Georgia. One of the daughters (married to Mr. William 
Gray Brooks) was mother of the Rev. Phillips Brooks. 




HOME OF DR. THOMAS KITTRED3E, SURGEON OF COLONEL FRYE'S REGIMENT, 1775. 
[ The home of six other physicians o/th; Kitiredgc nxiic'. ] 




THE PHILLIPS MANSE AT NORTH ANDOVER. 
[ffome of Hon. Samuel Phillies and blrtkfilace of his son, Lieutenant-gavernor Philli/>s.] 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 57 

The latest representative of the family in the male line is 
Mr. Samuel Phillips, son of Samuel Phillips, Esq., lately cash- 
ier of the Maverick Bank, Boston. 

The Phillips manse is probably the richest of any in the 
town in ancient relics of ancestral grandeur. The fine old 
family portraits, the portrait ^ of Washington, presented by 
his nephews, the antique silver tankards and porringers, the 
massive sideboard, the carved cabinet, in which used to be 
kept mysterious packets of ancient letters too private and 
sacred to be read by any outside the family, the tapestries 
wrought by hands long ago mouldered to dust, the samplers 
in frames over the mantel, and the profiles of the first master 
and mistress of the manse, in the hall, the library of quaint 
old books owned by generations of ministers, dating back to 
the settlement of the colony, — all these appeal powerfully 
to the imagination, and stir the feelings deeply, as one goes 
from room to room in this ancient house. 

The Phillips name is also now represented at North An- 
dover by a descendant from another branch of the ancient 
Watertown family, the Hon. Willard Phillips, of Salem. He, 
in 1867, purchased an estate and various adjoining lands on 
the Lawrence Road, remodelled and added to the buildings, 
and laid out extensive pleasure grounds, — landscape gar- 
den and woodland, — which make the place one of peculiar 
beauty and picturesqueness. 

KiTTREDGE is a name among the most eminent in the 
town history. Dr. John Kittredge came from Tevvksbury to 
North Andover about 1741, and ever since there has been 
a physician ^ of this family in the town. Dr. Kittredge's fa- 
ther, a physician of Tewksbury, was often employed by An- 
dover citizens in the west part of Andover, and this, doubtless, 

1 Formerly hanging here, now removed. 

2 Five names of physicians are on this list (at the end of the first fifty years 
there were none) : Dr. Israel How came to Andover (South Parish) 171 8, 
died 1740, succeeded by his son, Dr. Daniel How ; Dr. Nehemiah Abbot came 
from Lexington to Andover (S. P.), removed to Chelmsford 1770; Dr. Nicholas 
Noyes came to North Andover 1725, died 1765; succeeded by his son, Dr. 
Ward Noyes. Dr. Parker Clark removed from Andover after about ten years* 
residence. 



IS8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

led to his son's establishing himself here. Dr. Kittredge 
hved near the present site of the machine-shop at North An- 
dover, in the old house long disused and dilapidated and lately 
taken down. He owned land covering almost the whole of 
the present village. He was a surgeon of great repute. He 
had three sons physicians : Dr. Benjamin Kittredge, of 
Tewksbury, Dr. Jacob Kittredge, of Dover, Dr. Thomas Kit- 
tredge, of North Andover, He had also a daughter, Eliz- 
abeth, who assisted him in surgical operations, and after her 
marriage and removal to Londonderry, N. H.,was frequently 
called on for medical advice. Once, in going to visit a patient 
in the evening, she made a misstep and fell, breaking her leg. 
She set the bone, and did it so well that she suffered no seri- 
ous inconvenience. Dr. Thomas Kittredge succeeded his 
father (who died 1776) in practice at Andover. His valuable 
services in the Revolutionary period as surgeon of the First 
Massachusetts Regiment, and on the field at Bunker Hill, his 
fame as a physician in all the neighborhood round about An- 
dover, his prominent part in the political history, when the 
party feeling between Federalists and Republicans, or Anti- 
Federalists, was strong (he being a fearless and staunch Re- 
publican), his honorable influence as a member of the Massa- 
chusetts Medical Society, make the name of Dr. Thomas 
Kittredge one of the most distinguished in the County of 
Essex. 

Dr. Kittredge built, in 1784, the fine mansion, now the 
family residence. This, at the time of its erection, had no 
equal for elegance in the North Parish, and was only rivalled 
by the Mansion House of Judge Phillips in the South Parish. 
The Kittredge mansion remains nearly unaltered from its 
original construction. The lofty ceilings, the great hall and 
broad staircase (a contrast to the small entry and winding, 
narrow stairs of the great houses of the colonial period), the 
heavy door and ponderous brass knocker, the long avenue 
leading up from the front yard gate, mark it as one of the 
stately homes of a yet courtly period,, when even the most 
" republican " and democratic in theory held, in respect to 
style of living and social customs, the aristocratic ideas of 
the Old Country traditions. _ 



'# 



<>, 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 1 59 

Dr. Kittredge had colored servants or slaves ; and their 
affairs — weddings,^ the birth of their children and domestic, 
matters — were of no small interest in their master's house- 
hold. When the " great house " was raised (the former 
house stood farther north), an old negro servant, Caesar, 
carried the baby (Dr. Joseph Kittredge, ist), then nine 
months old, in his arms, and held him up among the crowd, 
so that he might have it to say, when he should be a man, 
that " he was at the raisin'." 

Dr. Thomas Kittredge married Miss Susanna Osgood, 
sister of the Hon. Samuel Osgood. They had two sons, 
physicians : Dr. John Kittredge, of Gloucester, and Dr. Jo- 
seph Kittredge, ist, of North Andover. One of the four 
daughters, Martha Osgood Kittredge, was married to Lemuel 
Le Baron, M. D. Catherine and Maria were successively 
married to Judge David Cummins. 

Dr. Joseph Kittredge, ist, graduated at Dartmouth College 
1806, studied medicine with his father, and succeeded him in 
practice at his death, 18 18. Dr. Kittredge was one of the 
most successful practitioners in the town, and rode far and 
near on his professional calls, his cheerful voice and cordial 
greeting everywhere welcome. Dr. Kittredge married Miss 
Hannah Hodges, of Salem, a lady of remarkable strength 
and beauty of character. Of their three sons, two were edu- 
cated for the medical profession : Dr. Joseph Kittredge, 2d, 
of North Andover, Dr. John Kittredge, of Taunton. One 
daughter was married to a physician. Dr. George C. S. 
Choate, formerly Superintendent of Taunton Insane Asylum, 
now of Pleasantville, New York. 

Dr. Joseph Kittredge, 2d, took his father's practice, and 
was an esteemed physician of North Andover until his death, 
1878. Two of his sons have studied the medical profession : 
Dr. Thomas Kittredge, City Physician of Salem, and Joseph 
Kittredge, 3d, graduate of Harvard Medical School, 1880. 

Adams has also been one of the influential names of North 
Andover. Israel Adams, whose name is on the list, was 
father of Capt. John Adams. He came to Andover from 
^ See Chapter VI., the marriage of Cato by Dr. Symmes. 



l6o HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Newbury. He was a soldier in the French and Indian war. 
His son, Capt. John Adams (also in the French war), was an 
able officer in the Revolutionary service, and afterward set- 
tled down quietly, and was an honored deacon of the North 
Church, of exemplary character and influence. He married 
Miss Hannah Osgood, daughter of Peter Osgood, Esq. They 
had two sons who lived to manhood. Dr. Isaac Adams and 
Maj. John Adams. He married twice again, but had no 
other children that lived to adult years. He bought of his 
father-in-law the Adams homestead, on the southeast end of 
the Great Pond. 

Dr. Isaac Adams studied at Harvard College, with the 
class of 1789, but did not graduate; he practised medicine 
in Newburyport, and entering into trade made several foreign 
voyages as master of a vessel, and finally removed his home 
to the State of Michigan. 

Maj. John Adams lived on the homestead. He was in ac- 
tive military service against the insurgents in Shays' Rebel- 
lion, and was subsequently commissioned Adjutant to Gen- 
eral Lovejoy, with the rank of major. His eldest son, Col. 
Joseph Adams, was President of the Mutual Marine Insur- 
ance Company, Boston. Mr. Joseph H. Adams, the eldest 
son of Col. Adams, occupies the homestead as a summer 
residence. Major Adams's eldest daughter was married to 
Mr. Daniel Appleton, of Haverhill (Appleton's Publishing 
House, New York), another was married to Prof. Asa Smith, 
D. D., of Dartmouth College. A daughter of Col. Joseph 
Adams is the wife of Gen. William J. Dale, of North An- 
dover. 

Peabody is another name formerly of note in town. John 
Peabody, whose name is on the list, was father of Lieut. 
Oliver Peabody, Capt. John Peabody, and Rev. Stephen Pea- 
body. The homestead was in the extreme northeast part of 
the town, on the Boxford line, and near the Bradford line. 
It is one of the most beautiful locations in that part of the 
town. The ground is high, commanding a near view of the 
farms and woodlands of the adjoining towns, and a more dis- 
tant outlook to the heights of Haverhill and Lawrence and 



MEMORIALS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. l6l 

Other towns, while on the horizon Mts. Monadnock and 
Wachusett and other hills rise among the clouds. The 
estate was sold in 1791 by the heirs of John Peabody, Sen., 
to Mr. Nathaniel Gage. The house and buildings were in 
excellent condition, and the place was one having* a good deal 
of style and rural elegance. This homestead is one of ex- 
ceptional interest among those of the outskirts, as having 
been the birth-place of three men, all eminent in the town 
history, and having a line of eminent descendants in other 
towns. 

Lieut. Oliver Peabody was an active patriot, on the Com- 
mittee of Correspondence in the Revolution, and respected 
for his prudence and discretion. His son, the Hon. Oliver 
Peabody, born at North Andover, 1752, graduated at Har- 
vard College, 1773, settled in practice of law at Exeter, N.H., 
was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, President of the 
Senate, and in other important offices. The twin sons of 
Judge Peabody were Oliver William Bourne Peabody, Esq., 
and Rev. William Bourne Oliver Peabody. 

Capt. John Peabody commanded a company in the Revolu- 
tion, and was also adjutant to the colonel of a regiment near 

Boston, 1776. 

His son, Augustus Peabody, Esq., born at North Andover, 

was a graduate of Dartmouth, 1803, and counsellor at law, 

Boston. 

Rev. Stephen Peabody,^ the third son of John Peabody, 

Sen., was the first minister of Atkinson, N. H., a man of 

eminence among the clergy of New Hampshire at that time. 

His life and character are sketched in subsequent chapters 

of this history. 

The Peabody homestead was also the home of another 

minister, the Rev. Nathaniel Gage, settled at Nashua, N. H., 

1822. His brother, Mr. Daniel K. Gage, lived on the farm. 

It is now owned by his son, Mr. Nathaniel Gage, and other 

heirs. A beautiful house has recently been built on a part 

1 Some writers speak of him as a native of Boxford, some of North Andover. 
The homestead is on the North Andover side of the Hue. In 1746 John Pea- 
body petitioned to be set off to Andover, wliich seems to have been dune. The 
Rev. Stephen Peabody was born 1741. 

II 



l62 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of the estate by Mr. George Edmund Davis, who married a 
daughter of Mr. D. K. Gage. 

The Peabody family in several branches has been resident 
in the town, or connected with the North Parish. A son of 
David Peabady, Thomas Peabody, baptized soon after his 
birth, 1762, in the North Meeting-house, by Dr. Symmes, 
was the father of the banker and philanthropist, George Pea- 
body. 

Samuel Peabody, Esq., a native of Boxford, was a much 
respected citizen of Andover from 1842 till his death, in 
1859. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College, 1803, and 
practised law at Sandwich, Epsom, and Tamworth, N. H. 
Of his sons, still identified with Andover interests, is Judge 
Charles A. Peabody, counsellor at law, New York. 

In respect to the foregoing memorials and relics, the re- 
mark may here be repeated that they claim neither to be 
biographical nor genealogical in any strict sense of the word, 
but simply to collect such scattered memoranda as have been 
found of the first settlers and early residents, and to indicate 
the comparative influence of the several families. This has 
been a work of some difficulty, and its imperfections will, it 
is hoped, be charitably received. 



CHAPTER II. 

THE PART OF ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 

In regard to the Indians who occupied the territory of An- 
dover either for camping or for hunting ground, no record 
has been found. The sachem who acknowledged before the 
General Court in 1646 that he had made sale of the Cochich- 
awick territory to Mr, Woodbridge and Mr. Edmond Faulk- 
ner, was Cutshamache or Cutshamakin, a dweller near Dor- 
chester. What special claim he had to, or right to dispose of, 
the lands about Andover, does not appear. The following 
statement, taken from the " History of Dorchester," may be the 
explanation : " This chief appears to have been a mere tool 
in the hands of the colonial government, used for the purpose 
of deeding away Indian lands and acting as a spy upon the 
movements of neighboring Indians." He is said to have 
been a kinsman of Passaconaway, of the Agawam tribe, who 
made their camping places along the Merrimack from the 
mouth to Pentucket, or to Cochichawick. There are remains 
of an Indian burial-ground at West Andover, on the bank 
of the Merrimack, a mile or more above Lawrence. Skele- 
tons of men, women, and children have been exhumed.^ They 
were wrapped in hemlock bark. One was of a man of great 
size and powerful build. He had been buried with especial 
care, and, it is not unlikely, was a sachem or chief. Allusion 
is made in some of the ancient records of land sales and sur- 
veys, to a tract in this vicinity, originally laid out as " near 
Haverhill," and again "near Andover" and in the neighbor- 
hood of " Old Will's wigwam." Old Will was a name some- 
times applied to Passaconaway. " Will's Hill " was between 2 

1 The graves were explored by Mr. Francis G. Sanborn, of Andover. 

2 In the present limits of Middleton. 



l64 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Andover and Rowley. It may be that this Indian burying 
place marks one of the places of Passacona way's abode, and 
that these are the bones of his tribe. In regard to him, Gov- 
ernor Thomas Dudley wrote in 163 1, to the Countess of Lin- 
coln : " Upon the river Merrimack is seated Sagamore Passa- 
conaway, having under his command four or five hundred 
men, being esteemed by his countrymen a false fellow and 
by us a wich." 

The one sole local name of an aboriginal resident is that 
of the Indian Roger. Standing on the spot known as Roger's 
Rock [the rock has been taken away], near the South Meeting- 
house, or watching the course of Roger's Brook, it is not diffi- 
cult with fancy's eye to see at our side, also viewing the land- 
scape o'er, this ancient lord of the soil, clad in blanket and 
with belt of wampum, and bow and arrow, or arrayed in one 
of the " coates " of Indian admiration, and proud in the pos- 
session of a musket and powder and shot. It was no doubt 
the intention of our ancestors to deal fairly with the natives 
of the country, so far as they could consistently with their 
policy of getting the better part of that country for them- 
selves. They bought the lands at such a price as the In- 
dians valued them, and though, as in the purchase of An- 
dover, many square miles of territory were got for a paltry 
sum, the buyers could hardly blame themselves for a transac- 
tion which, at the time, the sellers professed to be satisfied 
with. As a Christian commonwealth, also, the colony took 
measures for promoting the welfare of the Indians. Philan- 
thropists especially, devoted zealous labors to the conversion 
of the Indians from heathenism, and instructing them in the 
knowledge of the true God. Indians were taught the cate- 
chism and also classic lore, and were even admitted to Har- 
vard College and ordained ministers of the gospel. But, put 
beside these the facts also that the masses of the tribes still 
kept to their traditions of tomahawk and war-whoop, that for 
the few who were converted and civilized, there were the 
many who learned all the vices and none of the virtues of 
the white man, and furthermore, that of the white men there 
were many whose vices exceeded their virtues, and it is easy 
to see how the problem of Indian treatment soon became one 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 1 65 

of the most difficult with which our forefathers had to deal. 
The missionaries to the Indians were enthusiasts, as Eliot the 
great apostle, whose indefatigable zeal translated the Bible 
into the Indian language, but all whose efforts have failed to 
transmit to the present age a human being able to read the 
translation. These missionaries hoped all things and were 
ready to endure all things in their faith in ultimate results. 
Through their labors, thousands of the natives were induced 
to adopt the Christian religion. Many of these forsook their 
forest-life and wigwam abodes and were gathered in small vil- 
lages or settlements called " towns of the praying Indians." 
There they lived, in some measure like the whites, having a 
town government (their officers, magistrates, and teachers 
being Indians), and practising the useful arts. One of these 
towns, called Wamesit, was so near to the borders of Andover, 
that the Indians from it often had dealings with the Andover 
inhabitants. The Indian town is thus described by a writer ^ 
in 1674 : — 

" Wamesit is the fifth praying town, and this place is situate up- 
on Merrimack river, being a neck of land where Concord river 
falleth into Merrimack river. It is about 20 miles from Boston, 
North, north west and within 5 miles of Billerica, and as much 
from Chelmsford, so that it hath Concord river upon the west, 
north west and Merrimack river upon the north, north east. It 
hath about fifteen families, above 75 souls, 2500 acres, variety of 
fish, salmon, shads, lamprey eels, sturgeon, bass. There is a 
great confluence of Indians that usually resort to this place in the 
fishing seasons. Of these strange Indians, divers are vitious and 
wicked men and women, which Satan makes use of to obstruct the 
prosperity of religion here. The ruler of this people is called 
Numphow.- He is one of the blood of their chief sachems." 

From this village (the present site of Lowell and suburbs) 
and from other places the Indians used to go up and down 
the Merrimack, and ascend its tributaries to fish or hunt. 
They used also to meet the English, while friendly relations 
existed, at certain places of conference for the purpose of 

1 Gookin's Historical Collections. 

2 In a trial of Indians accused of stirring up strife sometime after the attack 
on Andover, Timothy Abbott bore witness against this Indian Numphow. 



1 66 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

trade or barter, exchanging skins, venison, game, for coats, 
powder and shot, trinkets, and bright colored beads, or wam- 
pum. A sail on the river to-day, from Lawrence (Old An- 
dover, West Parish), to Lowell or to Haverhill, cannot fail to 
bring to vivid imagination pictures of those most ancient days, 
when the stream which now turns the wheels of great manu- 
factories and keeps millions of spindles in motion, and which 
has all along its course thriving villages and populous cities, 
had its tranquil surface only now and then broken by the 
birch canoe or log raft, and the echoes of its hills disturbed 
only by the shout or war-whoop of the Indian, and the cries 
of wild bird or beast. 

Besides the villages of friendly or praying Indians, there 
were many individual instances of " converted Indians." 
These Indians were often taken into the settlers' families, 
and did house-work, or labored in the fields. In fact, all 
the more prudent of the natives at first submitted to the 
superior strength and wisdom of the English, making a 
virtue of necessity. At a meeting of the General Court, 
January, 1643, five Indian sachems, Cutshamache among 
the number, signed a paper promising " to be true and faith- 
ful to the said government to bee willing from time to time 
to be instructed in the knowledge of God." Yet under this 
submission was often a deep hatred of the invaders and a 
jealous fear of their powerful God. The English did much 
to increase this hatred, for not all were philanthropists, and 
in place of faith and prayer, the Indian often met fraud and 
force. He was quick to retaliate and resort to tomahawk 
and firebrand. To discuss the causes which led to the long 
series of Indian hostilities would lead us aside from our main 
path. We can only glance at the effect of these hostilities 
on the community whose history we are studying. The pe- 
riod of Indian hostilities began about the time of Andover's 
settlement ; but the Indians in this immediate neighborhood 
were not at first drawn into the conspiracies. The colonists 
prepared for defence by organizing the militia, in which all 
able-bodied and " not timorous " males over sixteen years of 
age were enrolled. This organization was made in 1644. 
The colony was divided into four counties : Suffolk, Norfolk, 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 1 67 

Essex, Middlesex. There was one regiment in each county. 
The commanding officer of a regiment was called Sergeant- 
major. The commanding officer of all the forces was Ser- 
geant-major-general. The first Major-general was Thomas 
Dudley. He was father of Mrs. Anne Bradstreet, of Ando- 
ver. The Sergeant-major of the Essex regiment was Daniel 
Dennison, of Ipswich. He was brother-in-law to Mrs. Anne 
Bradstreet, and also to Mrs. Mercy Woodbridge, wife of the 
Rev. Mr. Woodbridge, of Andover [his wife was Patience 
Dudley, daughter of Governor Thomas Dudley]. He is de- 
scribed 1 as the " proper and valiant Major Daniel Denison, a 
good souldier and of a quick capacity his company are well 
instructed in feats of warlike activity." When the Indian 
depredations in the neighborhood of Andover, in the year 
1675, became formidable, Major Dennison used every effort 
for the protection of the town, having not only his honor as 
a soldier at stake, but also the lives and property of his near 
and dear kindred. It was, doubtless, owing to his vigorous 
measures in cooperating with the local officers that the town 
of Andover suffered so little, in comparison with other fron- 
tier settlements. 

The following is one of the first Records found of military 
organization at Andover. It bears no date, but is placed in 
the books of the County Court Records, with papers from 
1658 to 1659 :2 — 

" To THE HONORED CouRT AT Salem, You may be pleased hereby 
to take notice that the inhabitants of Andover have made choyse of 
John Osgood to be their Sergeant and chief commander in the 
roome of Sergeant Stevens who is willing and desirous to be dis- 
missed. It is therefore our desire that the cort would bee pleased 
to allow and confirme our choyse of John Osgood for our Sergeant. 
. Francis Dane, George Abbott. 

John Stevens. Thomas Chandler. 

Henry Ingolls. John Lovejov. 

Thomas Johnson. Andrew Graves. 

Robart Russell. Daniel Poor. 

Richard Barker. William Ballard. 

Thomas Farnum. Edmond Faulkner. 

George Abbott, Jr. Robert Barnard." 

William Chandler. 
^ Wonder-working Providence of Zion's Saviour. • Vol. iv., p. 121. 



1 68 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

There are records which show that John Osgood was Ser- 
geant in 1 66 1. In 1666 ^ the officers at Andover were Lieu- 
tenant John Osgood, Ensign Thomas Chandler, Sergeant 
Henry Ingalls, also the same in 1675. In 1677 Dudley Brad- 
street was Captain, and John Osgood Lieutenant. In 1680 
the Essex militia was divided into two regiments. One of 
these (including Newbury, Rowley, Bradford, Andover, Tops- 
field, Salisbury, Amesbury, Haverhill)* was put under com- 
mand of Maj. Nathaniel Saltonstall, of Haverhill, who had 
been captain of a company. The officers at Andover, 1680, 
were Captain Dudley Bradstreet, Lieutenant John Osgood, 
Ensign Thomas Chandler, Sergeant John Stevens, Sergeant 
John Barker. In 1683 several of the inhabitants of Andover 
petitioned the General Court for permission to raise another 
company to " compleat their troope to the number of forty 
eight men." This was granted, and the command was given 
to Capt. John Osgood. In 1689 the militia of Essex County 
was divided into three regiments, — Newbury, Salisbury, 
Haverhill, Andover, Amesbury, and Bradford forming one. 
The following is a list of Andover officers, covering, as re- 
gards those of the rank of captain, a period of one hundred 
years. The dates indicate the first record found : — 

Colonel. Dudley Bradstreet (i6g8). 

Major. Dudley Bradstreet (1695). 

Captain. Dudley Bradstreet (1677) ; John Osgood (1683) ; 
Thomas Chandler (1688) ; Christopher Osgood (1690) ; James 
Fr3^e (1702); Benjamin Stevens (1706) ; John Chandler (1711); 
Timothy Johnson (1737) ; Joseph Sibson (1744); Nathaniel Fr}'e 

(1745)- 

Lieutenant. John Osgood (1666) ; Thomas Chandler (1685) • 

John Barker (1696) ; John Chandler (1696) ; Thomas Johnson 

(1697) ; Samuel Frye (1698) ; John Aslebe (1704) ; William 

Lovejoy (1714) ; Francis Dane (1717) ; George Abbott (1742); 

John Chandler (1724). 

E}isign. Thomas Chandler (1661) ; John Aslebe (1700) ; Fran- 
cis Dane (1713). 

Sergeant. John Stevens (1660) ; John Osgood (166 1) ; Henry 
Ingalls (1666); Thomas Farnum (1674); John Aslebe (1692); 
Ephraim Stevens (1695); William Chandler (1696); William 
Lovejoy (1696). 

1 Essex Cojinty Cottrt Papers, vol. xii., p. 24. 



AN DOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 1 69 

Corporal. Samuel Martin (1677); Nathan Stevens (1685); 
Samuel Holt (1685) ; Joseph Ballard (1688) ; Hooker Osgood 
(1689); Samuel Frye (1692); George Abbot (1693); Samuel 
Osgood (1694); Benjamin Barker (1690): Nehemiah Abbot 

In 1676 a letter, written by E. R.^ [Edward Rawson or 
Edmund Randolph (?)], describes, for the information of the 
British Government, the condition of the colonial military 
force : — 

"They have no standing army, but their trained bands are 
twelve troops of horse and six thousand foot ; each troop consist- 
ing of sixty horse besides officers are all well mounted and com- 
pletely armed with back, breast, head-piece, buffe coat, sword, 
carbine, and pistols, each troop distinguished by their coats. The 
foot also are very well furnished with swords, muskets, and banda- 
leers. There are no pikmen, they being of no use in the wars 

with the Indians There is only one 'old soldier ' in the 

colony, the Governor, Mr. Leverett. He served in the late rebel- 
lion under the usurper Oliver Cromwell as a captain of horse. 
The governor of the colony is always generall, and out of the rest 
of the magistrates is chosen the major generall. They are places 
of good profit and no danger; they may stay at home and share 
the spoyle while younger men command the army in the field 
against the enemy." 

The first record of alarms of hostile Indians at Andover 
is in the year 1675, the month of October. Then the whole 
colony was in a state of excitement, on account of the league 
made by Philip (sachem of the Wampanoags) of all the New 
England tribes against the English. No town felt secure 
against a sudden outbreak of the heretofore friendly Indians, 
or an onslaught of hostile tribes marching swiftly from re- 
mote encampments. Major Dennison writes,'^ from Ipswich, 
to the Council in Boston, October 28, 1675 : — 

" I am now advancing to Major Pike. I think I shall be able 
to afford him no more than the comfort of our presence for a 

1 This list is perhaps not complete ; but it contains the names which have 
been found after such search as the importance of the subject warrants. 

2 Mass. His. Soc. Coll., Fourth Series, vol. iv. 
8 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixviii., p. 30. 



170 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

while, our posts at Topsfield & Andover being affrighted with the 
sight, as they say, of Indians which I have not time to examine 
till my return. It is hardly imaginable the panicle fears that is 
upon our upland plantations & scattered places The al- 
mighty and merciful God pity & helpe us. In much haste I 
brake off " 

In the month of November, impressments of men from the 
militia were made in all the towns, to fill up the quota of 
Massachusetts for an expedition into the country of the Nar- 
ragansetts, who had joined with Philip. Twelve men were 
taken from Andover to complete the company commanded 
by Captain Gardiner. These were the following : ^ — 

Joseph Abbot. John Faulkner. John Preston. 

Ebenezer Barker. John Lovejoy. Samuel Phillpes [Phelps]- 

John Ballard. John Marston. Nathan Stevens. 

James Frie. John Parker. Edward Whittington. 

Lieutenant Osgood, the commander of the Andover militia, 
in his return of their names describes the state of the com- 
pany : — 

"They are most of them now well fixed with armes and ammu- 
nition & cloathing. Edward Whittington wants a better musquete 
which wee know not well how to supply, except we take from an- 
other man which these times seems harde ; we air now sending to 
Salem for sum .... for shoes and cloth for a coate for one or 
two." 

These soldiers were marched in the dead of winter into 
the country of the Narragansetts and, December 19th, met 
the savages in the famous swamp-fight, where they defeated 
and completely destroyed their foe. In this fight Ebenezer 
Barker was wounded.^ 

In subsequent years, large grants of land were made to the 
soldiers of the Narraganset fight. Seven different townships 
being laid out, " Narraganset, number three," Amherst, 
N. H., was granted to inhabitants of Salem, Marblehead, 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixviii., p. 68. 

2 In the list of Major Appleton's men killed is named one of Andover, Robert 
Mackey (?) Drake's Annals and Antiquities of Boston names Joseph Abbot and 
Roger Marks, of Andover, as wounded. I do not find record of these names in 
the returns in the Archives, 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 171 

Lynn, Gloucester, Andover, and other towns. Andover was 
allowed for nine soldiers. 

The defeat of his allies did not daunt King Philip, but 
rather served to exasperate him for more desperate revenge. 
As soon as the spring opened, town after town was surprised 
and destroyed, and the most dreadful atrocities were commit- 
ted. 

February 10 occurred the attack on Lancaster, so graphi- 
cally described by Mrs. Rowlandson, and familiar to every 
reader of New England history. Flying rumors came to 
Andover of the shocking fate of the inhabitants of this town, 
the mangled bodies of infants, and the painful captivity of 
mothers, the burning of houses, and the bloody fight of sol- 
diers and savages. 

The Indians were on the march, so the rumor went, to- 
ward Chelmsford, and would soon attempt to cross the Mer- 
rimack and descend on Andover. Lieutenant Osgood sent 
despatches post haste to the Council at Boston, imploring 
help, and begging to be relieved from the order for soldiers 
to march out of town to Woburn,^ since all were needed at 
home : — 

" Honoured Governor and Councill, these few lines are to 
let your Honours understand that the Indians have taken and 
destroyed the coburrg (?) which is a great threatening of near ap- 
proaching danger unto us. It brings but ten or twelve miles from 
us, and this day seaven of our men are to march to Oburn accord- 
ing to your honours orders : we humbly crave this favour, if it may 
stand with your honours wisdom & favour to release our men that 
are to goe forth, as wee being an outside town & in as greate dan- 
ger in our apprehension as any and may stand in as great need as 
any other town of help, this makes us bould to request this favour- 
att your hands & shall acknowledge ourselves your obedient ser- 
vants to serve to extent of our abilities with all readiness, thus 
desiring God to direct & guide your councills in all the greate & 
weighty difificulties & distress that are now on our hands, we Rest 
your humble servant, John Osgood, Left. 

In the name & behalf of our towne. 

" Andover, 16 Feb. 1675." 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixviii., p. 138. 



172 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Measures were taken as soon as possible to put the town 
in a state of defence ; garrison ^ houses were built, and men 
appointed to defend them. A committee chosen to visit the 
town reported - it to be in a state of good defence : — 

" In pursuance of your Honourable Councills orders dated 
March y^ 15, 1676 appointing us y® subscribers as a committy for 
Essex to view & consider y* severall townes & to propose y" 
thoughts of what may bee advisable : In order for y'' securing of 
y* people & their planting in this time of trouble : Wee met at 
Andover, where wee found twelve substantial Garrisons well fitted : 
which wee hope through God's blessing may bee sufficient to secure 
them from any sudden surprisal of the enemy to which Garrisons 
y^ inhabitants of y' town are respectively appointed, 
" By your humble servants 

John Appleton. 

John Putnam. 

Thomas Chandler. 

''2()tk March 167 &."^ 

It was also ordered by the Court that a fence of stockades, 
or stones, be built eight feet high from Charles River to Con- 
cord River, in Billerica, thence connecting by way of the 
large ponds with Merrimack River, which river, down " to 
the bay " with the bay would complete the circuit of some 
twenty towns, including Andover. These would be " en- 
vironed round for the security and safety under God of the 
people, their houses goods & catell from the rage and fury of 
the heathen enemy." 

The Andover people did not approve this means of de- 
fence, or feel willing to contribute men to guard the line of 
forts. They thought a more effectual protection would be 
to strengthen the garrisons and to send out, with parties of 

1 " These were built of hewn logs which lay flat upon each other ; the ends be- 
ing fitted for the purpose, were inserted in grooves cut in large posts erected at 
each corner. They inclosed an area of several square rods, were raised to the 
height of the roof of a common dwelling-house, and at two or more of the 
corners were placed boxes where sentinels kept watch. In some cases, several 
small buildings raised for the temporary accommodation of families were within 
the inclosure." — Bouton's History of Concord. 

2 Mass. Archives, vol. l.xviii., p. 1S4. 
8 Ibid., p. 174. 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 1 73 

workmen in the fields, guards of soldiers. They say that 
their planting grounds are mostly " environed by swampy 
and boughie ground," and are therefore comparatively easy 
to defend. They pray the Council to order the men to " work 
in such companies as they shall judge meete for their safety 

and defence." 

On the 1 8th of March [28th, N. S.], the Indians crossed 
the Merrimack and sent two scouts to Andover. What dep- 
redation they committed is not recorded, but the people in 
great alarm despatched post riders to Ipswich, one by night 
and one by day, to beg for help. Major Dennison, not slow 
to protect his kindred and friends, hastened forward sixty 
men and at once apprised the Council in Boston of the con- 
dition of things. He writes that " if he had received or- 
ders he might have brought off from Andover some of his 
brother Bradstreet's best things." He commits the result to 
Heaven exclaiming, " Let God arise and our enemies be scat- 
tered." 

But, in spite of all the vigilance and precautions, the In- 
dians surprised the town at last. This was on the 8th [or 
i8th, N. S.] of April, 1676. In this attack, one of the sol- 
diers, who had passed safely through the bloody Narragansett 
fight in the winter, was slain within sight of his own dwell- 
ing.^ It is not impossible that the savages knew who were 
the men in town that had helped to murder their brethren in 
the swamp fight ; at any rate, they, on this day, whether by 
accident or design, took revenge on two of these. They 
directed their course to the house of George Abbot, one of 
the garrisons. Tradition says that they were seen crossing 
the river, and that Ephraim Stevens, a scout, gave the alarm. 
The villagers fled to the garrisons ; but the Abbot brothers 
were at work in the fields, and did not reach the shelter be- 
fore the savages were upon them. Joseph Abbot, the soldier, 
a strong, athletic young man about twenty-four years of age, 
made a brave resistance, and killed one or more of the In- 
dians, but was finally set upon by the whole band and cut 
down, — - the first, and perhaps the only, Andover soldier 

1 Site of the garrison-house on the estate of the present residence of Mr. John 
Abbot, Central Street, west of the South Meeting-house. 



174 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ever slain in the town. His brother Timothy, a lad of thir- 
teen years, was taken captive. The savages then hurried off, 
leaving the smitten household to its desolation. That such 
desolation ever came to the now peaceful spot it is difficult to 
realize. In the calm of a summer afternoon, the writer of 
this sketch stood upon the ground once trodden by the hur- 
rying feet of the fleeing citizens and red with the blood of 
the slain. Now the scene is tranquil, and bears no token 
that any deed of violence was ever done here. Broad fields 
stretch away, just greened after the mower's scythe ; elm, 
ash, and maple, with the friendly apple tree, make a pleasant 
shade, and through their foliage the sun streaming in, tessel- 
lates the grass with a shifting carpet of light and shade. 
Birds nest and sing undisturbed ; from distant fields come 
sounds of labor ; the cattle are driven into the farm-yard ; the 
lengthening shadows and the striking of the meeting-house 
clock remind of the evening hour. In vain we try to call 
back to this serenity the struggle, the blood, the groans of 
the battle, the tears and the lament for the youthful dead. 
May they never come again to any home of Old Andover ! 

Besides their bloody work at George Abbot's, the savages 
also attacked the house of Edmond Faulkner, and wreaked 
their vengeance on dumb brutes. Their attack is described 
by the Rev. Increase Mather, in his "History of King Phil- 
ip's War " : — 

" In the beginning of April they did some mischief at Chelms- 
ford and Andover, where a small party of them put the town into 
a great fright, caused the people to fly into garrison houses, killed 
one man and burnt one house, and to show what barbarous crea- 
tures they are, they exercised cruelty towards dumb creatures. 
They took a cow, knocked off one of her horns, cut out her tongue, 
and so left the poor creature in great misery. They put an horse, 
ox, and cow into a hovel and then set it on fire only to show how 
they are delighted in exercising cruelty." 

The most interesting account, however, is from the pen of 
one of Andover's own citizens. It is a letter to the Council, 
describing the situation of the town, — its anxiety and dis- 
tress, and praying to be aided to maintain a sufficient guard. 
The letter bears marks of haste and trepidation, and is, even 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 1 75 

more than most of the old records, difficult to decipher. Pos- 
sibly some words have not been exactly made out in the fol- 
lowing copy : — 

" To THE HONOURED CouNCiLL. The malitiah of our towne do 
humbly request your Honours to consider our condition the en- 
emy has twice assaulted us ; the last was Saturday last, who slew a 
lusty (?) younge mane & took his brother a youth & carried him 
away : we have had sum fforces to helpe us bute the enemy can- 
not be found when we goe after them ; and wee ffind that wee are 
not abell to goe to worke about Improveing oure lands but are li- 
able to bee cutt off nor are we able to raise .... men at our 
charge to defend ourselves wee fear greatly that wee shall not bee 
able to live in the towne to Improve our lands to raise a subsis- 
tence without som force be kept above us upon the river of merri- 
mack & to Concord river, which being speedily & well defended 
with a competent quantity of soldiers all the Townes within might 
be in sum reasonable safty to follow theyre Imployes to raise 
corne & persue theyre catell .... [we] thought if one third off 
the men of each towne did attend that service so the other might 
bee in sum reasonable safty about their work, for now we are so 
distressed to thinke that our men are liable to bee shot when- 
ever we stirr from our houses & our children taken by the cruell 
enemy, itt doe so distress us that wee know not what to doe, iff sum 
defence bee not made by ye forces above us wee must remove off 
iff we can tell where, before we have lost all lives & catell & 
horses by the enemy ; we are compleatly able to fende ourselves 
in our garison iff we have warning to rest in, but otherwise out off 
oure house we are in continuall danger." ^ 

The letter goes on to say that the town of Andover, being 
a guard to the towns below, ought not in its distress to bear 
the whole burden of keeping a guard sufficient, but should 
receive help. It concludes : — 

" Praying God to directe & counsel you we rest. 

" Your humbell servantes 

John Osgood, Left, 
" Andover ii : lo, 76." » 

The captive carried away from Andover — the boy Timothy 
Abbot — was brought back in August by a squaw who took 
pity on his mother. His return is mentioned in Gobbet's 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixviii., p. 202. 



176 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

"New England Deliverances": "And Good-wife Abbot's 
boy of Andover was brought home, almost starved, by a poor 
squaw that had always been tender to him whilst in captiv- 

ity." 

Hubbard says : " He was much pined with hunger." ^ 
In this attack, the Indians also wounded ^ Roger Marks, 
another soldier of the Narragansett fight (son-in-law of Nich- 
olas Holt). " About two months after this," says " Abbot's 
History," quoting from Mr. Symmes's Thanksgiving sermon, 
" the Indians surprised and captivated Mr. Haggit and two of 
his sons." But, although this may be correct and the persons 
named made captive in Andover, there is no evidence of their 
being then residents of the town. No such name is found in 
the list of residents, 1678, and it is not till 1679 that Moses 
Haggit of Ipswich bought land southwest of Blanchard's 
[since Hagget's] Pond, and agreed to pay church and town 
rates as a citizen. It is not unlikely, however, that in the 
summer of 1676, the Haggits, father and sons, came from 
Ipswich to Andover to look at the land and arrange for the 
purchase, which may have been delayed on account of their 
captivity. The remoteness of the region from the town, and 
its proximity to the Indian resorts about Wamesit, especially 
its nearness to the pond, which would attract the Indians for 
fishing, rendered them liable to attack. A garrison house was 
built in this section at an early period. On account of the 
losses sustained by the town this year, the General Court 
abated their county rates. The attacks threatened to greatly 
injure the plantations. Many families were about to remove 
from Andover, there being a scarcity of corn and no secu- 
rity in planting. Lieutenant Osgood wrote at this time to 
the Council, praying them to take measures to prevent the 
desertion of the town. There were, consequently, garrisons 
and guards stationed across the country. The following is an 
extract from a report of them : — 

1 Timothy Abbot, when master of a family, never allowed a child to say he 
was hungry, saying that they did not know the meaning of the word hunger. 
He lived on the present homestead of Mr. Asa A. Abbot and Mr. Sylvester 
Abbot. 

2 Mr. Symmes's Thanksgiving Sermon, \-]^. Hxak^'s Atiiials and Antiguiiies 
of Boston. 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 177 

" Between Exeter & Haverhill a Garrison and 70 men. 

" Near Andover a garrison and 40 men. 

"At Pawtucket near Wamesit 'already settled.' 

" Between Chelmsford & Concord a garrison & 40 men. 

" Between Concord & Sudbury a garrison & 40 men. 

" Between Sudbury & Medfield a garrison & 40 men. 

" South side of Medfield a garrison & 40 men." ^ 

There was ordered also a " flying or moving army of three 
hundred men," one hundred of them to be friendly In- 
dians. 

There was from time to time more or less call for soldiers 
to serve out of town ; some were impressed, or volunteered 
for an expedition in the summer of 1677, to the region of the 
Kennebec River. The company, under the command of 
Capt. Benjamin Swett, fell into an ambush ^ at Black Point, 
Scarborough, and were cut off. Their leader and many men 
were slain. 

The following list of the slain is found in the Andover 
records : — 

"Killed by Indians June 29 1677 John, son of Joseph & Mary 
Parker. 

" John, son of Edward & Elizabeth Phelps. 

"James, son of Nathan & Mary Parker. 

" Daniel Blackhead, servant of Christopher Osgood." 

In the year 1677, Mr. Dudley Bradstreet was made Cap- 
tain of the foot company in Andover. He took vigorous 
measures for defending the town, petitioning the General 
Court to increase the penalty for not working " in companies " 
and to compel all the " towns to keep out a small party to 
range y'' outskirts whereby y*^ inhabitants may in their spirits 
be more settled and goe about their work for^ their English 
and Hay harvest." 

After the defeat and death of King Philip, the hostile spirit 
subsided, and for a series of years there was a time of rest 
and comparative security. But the Revolution in England, 

^ Mass. Archives, vol. Ixviii., page 251. 
2 Southgate's History of Scarborough. 
8 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixix., page 152. 

12 



178 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

1689, and the wars 1 of England and France embroiled the 
colonies, and the Indians were drawn into the contest, mainly 
acting with the French. 

In 1689, the General Court made a change in the militia of 
Essex County which was objected to by the Andover inhab- 
itants as prejudicial to their interests. They petitioned for a 
different organization of the troops : — 

" To THE HONOURED Generall Court HOW sitting in Charles 
Towne this ninth day of March i68g-go, the petition of ye townes 
of Andover & Boxford, Humbly Sheweth. — 

" That whereas y^ Humble petitioners have been informed that 
this Hon'^ Court hath taken off y' Towne of Boxford with other 
townes from y^ upper Regiment in Essex & joyned them to an- 
other Regiment which wee Humbly conceive is greatly prejudicial 
to y*" Country & to or Sd Townes in pticlar, by reason we lyinge soe 
neare to each other & ready upon all occasions of y* enemy's ap- 
proach to relieve each other, which if disjoyned wee cannot doe, 
& for many other Reasons we humbly pray that this Honoured 
Court would please to take into their farther & serious consid- 
eration, this our petition, viz, that Boxford might still continue 
as part of y' upper Regiment in Essex, & farther y' our Souldiers 
may bee free from any press that may happen till y*' Indian enemy 
be subdued or quieted, in Granting of which y"" Hour' humble pe- 
titioners shall as in Duty bound for ever pray &c. 

f Dudley Bradstreet. 
^^fof J John Osgood. 
Andover | John Barker. 

Stephen Johnson. 

" MosES Tyler by order & in y^ name of y* Town of Boxford." 

During the year 1689, the following deaths are recorded in 
the town books as having occurred either in the wars abroad, 
or by savage violence at home : — 

1 The following classification of the wars may be convenient for reference : — 

1688-1698. Governor Phipps. King William's War. 

1 703-1 7 1 3. Governor Dudley. Queen Anne's War. 

1722-1725. Lieutenant-governor Dummer. Ralle's War. 

1744-1749. Governor Shirley. King George's War. 

1 749-1 761. Governor Shirley. "j 

" Pownal. i ^ , , T J- inr 

Bernard. I French and Indian War. 

Lieutenant-governor Hutchinson. J 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 179 

"Lieut. John Stevens at Casko March 5 1689. 
" Eleazar Streaton a servant & kinsman of Dea. John Frie died 
at y^ eastward at Fort Ann Mch 15 1688-9. 

"John Peters killed by the Indians Aug. 14, 1689. 

" Andrew Peters killed by the Indians Aug. 14, 1689." 

Early in 1690, active measures were taken by the Govern- 
ment for the defence of the frontier towns. By order ^ of the 
Governor and Council, May 14th, eighty troopers were to be 
detached from the several companies of the Essex Regiment, 
which was in command of Maj. Robert Pike. These troop- 
ers were to rendezvous at Andover on the i6th, and forty of 
them, under command of Captain Davis, to go to the defence 
of Concord ; forty to be under Capt. Thomas Chandler, of 
Andover. On the 28th of May, it was further ordered, that 
two hundred soldiers well appointed with arms and ammuni- 
tion be raised "for security of Bradford, Andover, Dunstable, 
Chelmsford, Groton, Lancaster, and Marlborough." These, 
it was ordered, " should constantly be kept together and im- 
proved moving up and down in their respective stations on 
the outside of the towns whereto they shall be assigned for 
defence of such towns, and the frontier towns shall send out 
one or two of the inhabitants who are acquainted with the 
woods for daily scouting." The following action was also 
taken in regard to the raising of more men in Andover, in 
answer to the petition of Captain Osgood : — 

" It is granted that in case the captain of the foot company see 
it beneficial to them to make up said troop to the number of forty 
out of the foot company, of persons sufficient to attend such ser- 
vice otherwise the troops there to be serted into the Foot com- 
pany and that to be divided, the new company to nominate their 
own officers and to send down their names to the Council to be 
allowed and commissionated before the last day of this inst." 

On the 28th of May, Capt. Thomas Chandler was appointed 
" to command the company that are to be impressed for the 
defence of the frontier towns from Dunstable eastward as far 
as Bradford, downwards, which company is to consist of forty 
troopers and thirty foot-soldiers." Notwithstanding all this 
scouting and ranging of troopers and foot-soldiers who by day 

^ General Court Records, May, 1690. 



l80 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

and by night were active and alert, travelling from town was 
unsafe. There were twenty fordable places in the Merrimack 
River between Wamesit and Haverhill, and, at any moment, 
th,e Indians were liable to cross and make an attack. 

In 1696 (records the Rev. John Pike in his journal ^ ), "old 
John Hoyt of Amesbury and young Peters of Andover were 
slain upon the road between Andover and Haverhill." This 
Hoyt had before suffered from the Indians who had " plun- 
dered and despoiled him and burnt his house." ^ These deaths 
are registered in Andover records : — 

"John Hoyt of Alms-bury was killed here by Indians, Aug. 13, 

1696. 

"William Peters killed by Indians Aug. 13, 1696." 

On the twenty-second of February, 169I (O. S.), the fourth 
of March, 1698 (N. S.), occurred the most considerable attack 
ever made on the town of Andover. In this attack, retribu- 
tion followed and (it would seem), deliberate vengeance was 
taken for the crimes of one man whose wickedness was thus 
the means of bringing suffering on his innocent townsmen. 
Capt. Pascoe Chubb, the son-in-law of Mr. Edmond Faulk- 
ner, two years before this attack in the same month, had com- 
mitted an act of treachery toward the Indians. He was in 
command of Fort Pemaquid (which in 1693, had been built 
by Capt. John March), ^ and held a conference with a dele- 
gation of Penobscot Indians in regard to the exchange of 
prisoners. While the council, about a dozen Indians, and as 
many of the English, were in session, Chubb having previ- 
ously made the plot, and had the Indians supplied with strong 
liquor to the verge of drunkenness, gave orders for a massacre. 
The English soldiers fell upon the unsuspecting victims and 
slew several, two chiefs among them. Subsequently a force 
of French and Indians attacked the fort and threatened 
death with torture to the captain, if he should not surrender. 
In his terror and remorse, he forgot his honor as command- 
er, and in the most cowardly manner, gave up the fort, stip- 

1 Mass. Historical Society's Proceedings, 1875, "Journal of Mr. Pike." 

2 Mass. Col. Records, 1695, June 15. 

3 Of Newbury, — the same who began to build the vessel at Andover. 



AN DOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. l8l 

ulating only for personal safety. For this act of treason, as it 
was almost thought to be, he was cashiered, and put in Bos- 
ton jail, whence he was released and allowed to live in seclu- 
sion at Andover, owing to the petitions and influence of 
friends. 

Following is a petition made by him from the jail ^ : — 

" To THE Great and Genll Court of his Majestys Prov- 
ince OF THE Massachusetts Bay in New England Assembled 
att Boston by adjoiiriwient November i8th i6g6. 

"The Petition of Pasco Chubb late Commander of his Majestys 
ffort William Henry at Pemaquid, Humbly sheweth. 

"That y"" Petitioner stands committed a Prisoner in Boston 
Goale for his Late surrendering & delivering up the aforesd Fort 
and Stores thereto belonging unto his Majestys enemies 

" And whereas y"' Petitioner is a very poore man, having a wife 
and children to Looke after wch by reason of his confinement & 
poverty are reduced to a meane and necessitous condition having 
not wherewithal! either to defray his present necessary charges 
or to relieve his Indigent family 

" Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays that this high and hon' 
Court will please to consider the premises soe as that he may now 
either be Brought to his Tryall or else upon giving sufficient Bayle 
be delivered from his present confinement, whereby he may be 
enabled to take some care of his poore family for their subsistence 
in this hard & deare winter season." 

The Indians, doubtless in revenge for his cruelties (al- 
though Hutchinson thinks it was by " mear accident"), at- 
tacked the house where he was, and killed him and his wife. 
" It is not probable they had any knowledge of the place ^ of 
his abode," says Hutchinson; "but it caused them greater 
joy than the taking of many towns." " Rapin," he goes on to 
say, " would have pronounced such an event the immediate 
judgment of Heaven. Voltaire, that in the place of supposed 
safety, the man could not avoid his destiny." 

All the facts, however, go to indicate that it was the delib- 
erate act of Indian revenge. The attack was led by the fierce 
and implacable foe of the whites, Assacumbuit, At this time 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixx., 307. 

2 In North Andover. 



1 82 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

was made the attack on Captain Bradstreet's house, which is 
elsewhere ^ narrated. The tradition goes that, the leader of 
the Indians had given his promise to an Indian, a friend of the 
Bradstreet family, that if he would guide them to the house, 
none of the family should be hurt. But he, it seems, could 
not, or did not, wholly control his company, for they killed 
the guest and relative of the family, " Major Wade's son of 
Mystick," and were about to carry off some of the household 
as prisoners. But, the leader interposing, these were released 
unharmed. This attack is mentioned (with a different reason 
for the Indians' mercy) by Cotton Mather, in the " Magna- 
lia : " — 

" The Winter was the severest that ever was in the memory of 
Man. And yet February must not pass without a stroke upon 
Pemaquid Chub,^ whom the Government had mercifully permitted 
after his examination to retire unto his habitation in Andover. As 
much out of the way as to Andover there came above Thirty In- 
dians about the middle of February as if their errand had been for 
vengeance upon Chub whom (with his wife) they now massacred 
there. They took two or three horses and slew three or four per- 
sons ; and Mr. Thomas Barnard the worthy minister of the Place 
very narrowly escaped their fury. But in the midst of their Fury 
there was one piece of mercy the like whereof had never been seen 
before: For they had got Colonel Dudley Bradstreet into their 
hands, but perceiving the town Mustering to follow them, their 
Hearts were so changed that they dismissed their captives without 
any further Damage unto their Persons. Returning back by Ha- 
verhill, they killed a couple," etc. 

Judge Sewair^ records the same attack : — 

''Feb. 24, f|. — Feb. 22 at Break of day Andover is surprised. 
Lt. Col. Bradstreet's house rifled, his kinsman Wade slain, Capt. 
Chubb and his wife slain and three more. Some houses and Barns 
burnt and in one a considerable quantity of corn and twenty head 
of Cattel. Pulpit cushions taken away, fired but not quenched." 

The Rev. John Pike,* in his journal, also chronicles the 
same attack : — 

1 Chapter I., p. 130. 

2 Mather's opinion concerning the cause here appears. 

3 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll , Fifth Series, vol. v. 
* jMass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, i8j§. 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 1 83 

"Feb. 22, %\, about 30 Indians came to Andover, took Col. 
Bradstreet's house and two more, killed Capt. Pasco Chub and 
his wife, Maj. Wade's son of Mystick and two others. Carried Col. 
Bradstreets family a little way & upon Cond : Released them. As 
they returned by Haverhill they met with Jonath : Hains and Sam. 
Ladd with y'' elder sons. The two fathers were slain & the sons 
carried away, but young Hains soon after Returned which was his 
second escape from the enemy in less than two years time." 

They also attacked the house of Mr. Timothy Johnson, 
and killed his daughter, Miss Penelope Johnson, a young 
lady of nineteen years. The explicit statements of contem- 
poraries, noting the events in diary, agree in the date, Feb- 
ruary 22, and 1697, or March 4, 1698. Some lo.vn histories 
have made the statement that there were two attacks : one in 
February, and one in March, but this error must have arisen 
from a confusion of dates in some of the earlier histories, 
owing to the difference of writing in the " old style" and the 
" new style." 

In this attack some of the town records were carried off or 
destroyed, as appears from the following vote : — 

"1698. Voted that a committee be chosen to receive anew the 
records of the town lands, according to what papers may be found 
that have been upon record before ; our town records being taken 
away by the enemy Indians.'^ 

The hostilities between the English and French were nom- 
inally put an end to by the Treaty of Ryswick, in 1697 ; but 
the towns were by no means relieved of their apprehensions 
of Indian attacks, since savages, once maddened with the fury 
of slaughter, could not be immediately quieted by treaties 
made thousands of miles away, and sometimes from that very 
cause they rallied for a final and retaliative blow. The in- 
terval of rest had, therefore, been brief, when the formal re- 
newal of the wars of the European nations again brought 
fresh danger to the struggling colonies. 

" Queen Anne's War" was under the control in America 
of her Majesty's Governor of the Province, Joseph Dudley. 
The military expeditions were mainly to the eastern fron- 
tiers. Col. John March was obliged to give up his ship- 
building operations in Andover to enter on active military 



1 84 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

service. For his valorous conduct he received a tribute from 
the government : — 

"Nov. 30, 1703 : Resolved passed us the house of Representa- 
tives, — that there be allowed & paid out of y'' publick treasury to 
Lieut. Coll. March the sum of Fifty pounds for the brave defence 
which by his conduct was made of her Majesty's Fort at Casco 
Bay when lately attacked by y" French & Indians & in consider- 
ation of his wounds & damage which he then received." 

There are accounts in the town records of extra provision 
made for supplies of ammunition ; also, by order of the govern- 
ment, the soldiers were furnished with snow-shoes ; one hun- 
dred and twenty-five pairs were ordered for the North Reg- 
iment of Essex.^ Four block-houses were built on the 
Merrimack River, two of which were in Andover. The 
following orders^ were issued to the military officer at An- 
dover, Capt. Christopher Osgood : — 

" I am directed by his Excellency our Governor to build two ^ 
block houses in your town upon the brink of Merrimack river, one 
at the fording place called Deare's Jump and one at a fording 
place commonly called Mr. Fetters wading place both Places I am 
informed is in the Precinct of your company therefore I order that 
you build them twelve foot wide & fifteen foot long with .... 
at one end & well covered that the men may be dry in wet weather, 
as to the charge I am not informed how it might be, but have de- 
sired Lieut. Barker to inform you how wee at Newbury have built 
ours," etc. 

Captain Osgood impressed ten men from his company^ 
and in six weeks had the buildings done.* While some 
worked, others guarded, and were on the scout along the 
river. 

In July, 1706, Capt. Benjamin Stevens went in command of 
a company into the woods in "quest of the Indian enemy," 
and, while he was gone, his house was broken into, and some 

1 General Court Records, 1704, Nov. 18. Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxi., pp. 67 and 

152- 

'^ Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxi., p. 69. 

3 Two, three, and four houses are spoken of in different documents. 

* See petition in Records of General Court ; also, Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxi., 
p. 69.J 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 1 85 

things stolen, among them five certificates of wages due him 
and his soldiers for service in January and February. He 
petitioned for five other certificates, to be delivered him by 
the treasurer. Three of the certificates were ordered to be 
paid by the constables of Boston, one by the constable of 
Bradford, another by the constable of Haverhill. The total 
amount was £,%\ y. <^d} 

The following from the town records shows what stock of 
ammunition was in the town in 1713 : — 

"Feb. y" 20'" 17II. This may sertifye those selectmen that 
shall succeed us : that where as some time since our Town Stock 
of Ammunition was divided to Sundry persons, viz to Capt. John 
Chandler, Capt. Christopher Osgood, and some others we the sub- 
scribers have gathered it together all but some small parsels, the 
which we have given Ensign Ephraim Stevens for to gather and 
put to the Rest, as soon as he can : And we have left all the 
Town Stock of Ammunition of powder, bullets, and flints with 
Left. John Aslebe for one year and then to be taken care of by y" 
select men for the time being. And the powder we left at Left. 
John Aslebes is one hundred and sixty-six pounds 166 ; and of 
bullets four hundred, twenty and eight pounds 428, and of flints 
thirteen pounds: wanting one ounce, (13). And we have Left the 
keas of the Town Stock of Ammunition with Ensign Ephraim 
Stevens, to be at ye selectmen's service, when they shall have 
ocation for them, and there is two dry casks of the Towns left 
standing on y* chest that the Amonition is locked up in. One is 
a small powder cask headed up at both ends, the other open at 
one head. 
" Signed the day and year abovesaid. 

Ephraim Stevens 
George Abbott Selectnuji 

John Osgood \ of 

Ephraim Foster Andover.'^ 

N eh em I AH Abbott J 

The towns were never safe. In winter the Indians came 
on snow-shoes, and in summer by the rivers, plundering and 
killing, and then disappearing as suddenly as they had come, 
plunging into the depths of the forests. In the winter of 
1705, Governor Dudley wrote to Col. Saltonstall in regard to 
being prepared to meet the enemy : — 

1 Mass. Archives, " Petitions," 1704. 



1 86 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

"Iprayj'OLi to give direction that your snow-shoe men from 
Newbury to Andover be ready at a moment's warning till the 
weather break up, then we may be quiet awhile." 

In the autumn of 1724 (September 25th) a petition was 
sent to the General Court to commission Capt. Benjamin 
Stevens, of Andover, leader of an expedition to Winipeseog 
Pond, " to discover the Indians camping places & haply find 
their canoes & by what or what manner they come down 
upon us in summer." 

Of all the tales of Indian warfare connected with old An- 
dover history, the one which has the most melancholy and 
romantic interest is that of Chaplain Jonathan Frye, who 
was mortally wounded in the year 1725, in the famous Love- 
well's fight at Pequauket. He wandered for some time in 
the woods, and, as is supposed, died fifty miles from any 
English settlement, and twenty miles from the fort whence 
his company had marched. The English were at prayers 
when they first discovered the approach of an enemy. The 
young chaplain (he was only twenty) was ready to fight as well 
as to pray. Says a record : " Mr. Frye and another scalped 
the first Indian who was slain." The scalps were kept, as a 
reward was paid for them. A history of the fight, taken from 
the testimony of an eye-witness, was written soon after by 
the Rev. Thomas Symmes, of Bradford. The quaint lan- 
guage is worth preserving : — 

" About the middle of the Afternoon, the Ingenious Mr. Jona- 
than Frie only son of Capt. James Frie of Andover, a young Gen- 
tleman of a Liberal Education, and who was chaplain to the com- 
pany and was greatly Beloved by them for his excellent Perform- 
ances and good Behavior and who fought with Undaunted Courage 
till that time of Day was mortally wounded. But when he could 
fight no longer, he prayed audibly severall times for the Preserva- 
tion and Success of the Residue of the Company." 

Is there anything more pathetic in our annals of youthful 
heroism than this plain, unvarnished tale of the young chap- 
lain of Andover .'' It shows not only how dominant over the 
spirit of the time was the moral and religious sentiment, 
which alone lifts the battle-field above the plane of brute 
force, and redeems its passions from utter fiendishness, but 



AXDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 1 8/ 

it pays an affectionate tribute to the rare qualities of the 
young man. He must have had a character remarkably unit- 
ing manly and Christian virtues, who could, at twenty, act as 
religious guide and at the same time comrade-in-arms of a 
company of frontier savage-hunters (of however excellent 
material it might be made), and secure the common respect 
and affection. 

A week after the fight the Rev. Mr. Symmes pronounced 
" A Sermon Occasioned by the Fall of the Brave Capt. 
John Lovewell and Several of his Valiant Company in 
the late Heroic Action." This was printed and prefaced 
by the historical narrative before alluded to. There can be 
no doubt that to listen to this discourse, referring to their 
townsman's tragic death, the Andover people went in large 
numbers. In fact the discourse may be regarded as largely 
commemorative of that special loss, Mr. Symmes having in- 
timate acquaintance with Andover ; his sister being the 
wife ^ of Capt. Benjamin Stevens. The text of the sermon 
was, " How are the mighty fallen and the weapons of war 
perished." 2 Sam. i. 27. 

This sermon repays perusal. It is thoughtful and forcible, 
full of odd turns of expression that rival some of old Fuller's 
" Good Thoughts in Bad Times," and withal it has a martial 
ring, characteristic of the preaching of these times ; when 
the wars of the Israelites furnished more acceptable texts 
than the gospel of peace : — 

" We must not be Disheartened & cast down because a crew of 
Salvages have killed a few Brave Men. No, verily, its beneath a 
Man, much more a Christian whose heart is fixed trusting in the 
Lord, to be thus affected. Such news should not daunt and ter- 
rify a soldier, but whet his Courage, Especially it should rouse 
'em on such occasions to Rally forth and come to March with ut- 
most expedition to Recover if possible our Dear Brethren that lie 
Wounded and without Relief in a Howling Wilderness, that they 
mayn't Perish with Famine or fall into the hands of a Barbarous 
Enemy, to be killed over again & Tortured with Indian Cruelty, 

1 " Here lyes what was mortal of Mrs. Susannah Stevens widow of Benjamin 
Stevens, Esq. and Daiighf of y'' Kevd. I\lr. Zechariah Symmes of Bradford 
%vho died July ^o 1733, in y^ 8j year of Her Age.^'' 

Epitaph — Old Burying Ground, 



1 88 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AKDOVER. 

and also to give Christian Burial to the Remains of our Departed 

Heroes We that tarry at home must get into the Mount 

and Pray for em'. A Good Woman in her Closet (tho' she's afraid 
to take a Gun in her hand) may serve her Country to a very good 
purpose even in respect of the War as really as the Magistrate at 
the Council Board or the most daring and well advised comman- 
der in the open Field in a thro' engagement. For Prayer and 
Faith always were, are, and will be the Church's Best Weapons." ^ 

The place of the fight was on the northeast end of Saco 
Pond, on the edge of a wood " where there were few trees 
and scarce any brush." There were about forty English en- 
gaged, and twice as many Indians, by whom the English had 
been ambushed. The fight lasted all day, when the savages 
retreated. Seventeen of the English made their way back 
through the woods to the fort at Ossipee Lake ; twelve died 
in the woods, and their bodies were afterwards found and 
buried where they lay ; three were "lost by the way and 
never found." 

The English, retreating from the fight at the wood, fell 
back upon the pond, and to its waters the wounded crept, to 
slake their thirst and staunch their wounds ; crimsoning the 
water with their blood. Some crawled off into the thick 
wood and died there, while a few, wounded but able to walk, 
started on their way toward the camp. Among the latter was 
Chaplain Frye. After journeying painfully for some miles 
with his friends, Eleazar Davis, of Concord, and Lieutenant 
Farwell, of Dunstable, he begged them to save themselves 
and leave him to his fate, " not to hinder themselves any 
longer for his sake ; for that he found himself Dying." Then 
he lay down, "telling them he should never rise more." He 
gave a message to be delivered to his father, that he " ex- 
pected in a few hours to be in eternity and that he was not 
afraid to die." "Whereupon," says the record, "they left 
him ; and this Hopeful Gentleman Mr. Erie who had the 
Journal of the March in his pocket has not been heard of 
since." 

This incident of the abandoning a dying comrade in the 
wilderness forms the ground-work of Hawthorne's tale of 

^ The Italics are in the original. 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 189 

" Roger Malvin's Burial." No one who compares the facts 
with the romance can fail to see that in the psychological 
and ethical studies of this parting of Chaplain Frye with his 
comrades, the greatest of New England romance writers 
found the materials for his tale. He himself says it was an 
incident of Lovell's fight in 1725, and that the characters 
may be recognized notwithstanding the substitution of fic- 
titious names. The only recorded instance of a comrade's 
being deliberately left is that of the chaplain from Andover. 
Therefore the probability amounts to certainty that with 
name and age changed, Jonathan Frye is Roger Malvin, and 
Eleazar Davis, who survived to reach home, his comrade, 
Reuben Bourne ; the details, and the subsequent history of 
their lives being varied by the romancer's imagination to suit 
the purposes of his story. 

The reluctance of Reuben to leave his dying friend ; that 
friend's persuading him to do so, appealing to his affection for 
his betrothed, the daughter of Reuben, and holding out the 
hope that he may yet come back with a party and rescue the 
comrade whom he leaves (a hope which Roger, while holding 
it out as a motive to his friend to quit him for the present, 
knows to be vain) ; the final leave-taking ; Reuben Bourne's 
life-long remorse for this act, his final unwitting expiation of 
the sin that haunted his imagination, by shooting his own 
son, by accident, on the very spot, — these are all evolved 
from the poet-philosopher's musing on the fate of Chaplain 
Frye, and the words of the ancient chronicler, " Whereupon, 
they left Jiim!' 

^'' Roger. 'There is not two days' life in me Reuben, and I will 
no longer burden you with my useless body, when you can scarcely 
support your own. Your wounds are deep and your strength is 
failing fast, yet, if you hasten onward alone you may be preserved. 
For me there is no hope, and I will await death here.' 

'' Reuben. ' Should I therefore leave you to perish and to lie 
unburied in the wilderness ! No, if your end be in truth approach- 
ing, I will watch by you and receive your parting words. I will 
dig a grave here by the rock, in which if my weakness overcomes 
me, we will rest together ; or if Heaven gives me strength, I will 
seek my way home.' 



190 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

'■^ Roger. ' In the cities and wherever men dwell they bury their 
dead in the earth : they hide them from the sight of the living ; 
but here, where no step may pass perhaps for a hundred years, 
wherefore should I not rest beneath the open sky covered only by 
the oak leaves when the autumn winds shall strew them ? ' " 

Thus it was that Jonathan Frye rested, the forest around 
him, the sky above. On the spot where tradition says he 
died, now surrounded by the homes and busy industries of 
the city which commemorates his name, a wild rose-tree 
sprang and flourished, and its annual flowers, plucked with a 
half superstitious feeling by the visitor, have been a more 
effectual memorial than " storied urn or animated bust." 

A ballad written in 1725, called the " Most-beloved song 
in all New England " contains this stanza alluding to Mr. 
Frye : — 

" Our worthy Captain Lovewell among them there did die 
They killed Lieutenant Robbins and wounded good young Frye 
Who was our English chaplain he many Indians slew 
And some of them he scalped when bullets round him flew." 

The large elm tree which has stood in beauty and verdure 
until within a few years, and whose trunk now remains, on 
the roadside near the birthplace of Chaplain Frye, was set out 
by his hands, — (a sapling from the wood) the year of his 
death. Mr. Frye was engaged to be married to a young girl 
whom his parents did not regard with approval as suited to 
him in point of birth and fortune. 

It is said by a writer,^ whose residence in Andover seventy- 
five years ago made him familiar with the then current tradi- 
tions, and who was an enthusiast in the search for the ro- 
mance of history, that the enlistment of young Frye in 
military service arose from the conflict of duties and feel- 
ings which was caused by his parents' disapproval of his 
love. The story is thus told : — 

"Among the number who fell was Mr. Jonathan Frye, a student 
in divinity, who was Lovewell's chaplain and who had joined this 
little band from some affair of the heart. He made himself con- 
spicuous in the fight, and as described, acted with the reckless 

1 Samuel I-. Knapp's Lectures on American Literature. He was Preceptor of 
Franklin Academy, 1805. 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 19I 

valour, which is often found to belong to such a state of mind. 
The fair one to whom he was thought by his friends to be impru- 
dently attached was not content with the praises others were ready 
to bestow upon the lost object of her affections ; and, although 
only fourteen years of age, struck her harp in mournful lays upon 
her Philander's fate and produced an elegy which has survived to 
this day ; being lately found in an ancient manuscript of a gentle- 
man of the native place of the lovers and lately transmitted to me. 
If it does not burn with a Sapphic blaze it gives more of the light 
of history than all the odes of the Lesbian dame on her lost Phaon. 
Miss Susannah Rogers calls on her muse to assist her in describing 
the youthful warrior, who afar off was resting without his shroud 
on the battle-field of glory. She says that his person was comely, 
his age just twenty-one — his genius of the highest excellence, and 
that he was the only son of his parents, beloved by all who knew 
him. His valor, his piety, his prayers amidst the fight, his wounds 
all bleeding, pass in review before her streaming eyes and she 
sees the howling wilderness where he fell. She notes the fortitude 
and resignation with which he died or rather his exhibition of it, 
when they left him to die, for he was not dead when his compan- 
ions were under the necessity of leaving him to perish. The 
parental grief is not forgotten and her own loss is touched upon 

with truth and delicacy This elegy of the bereaved fair is 

too long for my purpose." 

Although too long for a lecture on American Literature, it 
is, however long and however devoid of poetic fire, properly 
to be preserved in any sketch of Andover history. And 
surely it is not to be regarded lightly, though its composition 
may provoke a smile. If a town wept the fate of this fallen 
brave, and spoke his praise, surely the grief of this poor girl 
whose love had been of so melancholy an ending, in whatever 
phrases it finds vent, should awaken sympathy and excite 
compassion. Her address to the parents of her lover is cer- 
tainly evidence of a heart free from malice and moved to 
sympathy even with those who scarcely acknowledged her 
right to sympathy. 

"the mournful elegy on MR. JONATHAN FRYE. 1725. 

" Assist ye muses ; help my quill 
Whilst floods of tears do down distil 



192 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Not from mine eyes alone, but all 

That hears the sad and doleful fall 

Of that young student Mr. Frye 

Who in his blooming youih did die. 

Fighting for his dear country's good 

He lost his life and precious blood. 

His father's only son was he 

His mother loved him tenderly 

And all that knew him loved him well 

For in bright parts he did excel 

Most of his age : for he was young 

Wounded and bleeding he was left 

And of all sustenance bereft 

Within the hunting desert great 

None to lament his dismal fate 

A sad reward, you '11 say, for those 

For whom he did his life expose 

He marched out with courage bold 

And fought the Indians uncontrolled 

And many of the rebels slew. 

At last, a fatal bullet came 

And wounded this young man of fame 

And pierced him through and made him fall 

But he upon the Lord did call 

He prayed aloud ; the standers-by 

Heard him for grace and mercy cry 

The Lord did hear and raised him so 

That he enabled was to go. 

For many days he homeward went 

Till he for food was almost spent 

Then to the standers-by declared 

Death did not find him unprepared. 

And there they left him in the wood 

Some scores of miles from any food 

Wandered and famished all alone 

None to relieve or hear his moan 

And there without all doubt did die — 

" And now I '11 speak to Mr. Frye, 
Pray sir be patient ; kiss the rod 
Remember this the hand of God 
Which has bereft you of your son. 
Your dear and lovely Jonathan 



ANDOVER IN THE EARLY INDIAN WARS. 193 

Although the Lord has taken now 
Unto himself your son most dear 
Resign your will to God and say 
'Tis God that gives and takes away; 
And blessed be his name ; for he — 
For he has caused this to be. 
And now to you, his mother dear 
Be pleased my childish lines to hear, 
Mother refrain from flowing tears ; 
Your son is gone beyond your cares 
And safe at rest in Heaven above 
With Christ who was his joy and love, 
And in due time I hope you '11 be 
With him to all eternity. 
Pray madam pardon this advice 
Your grief is great, mine not much less. 
And if these lines will comfort you 
I have my will, Farewell, adieu." 

A poem of much beauty and pathos has been written by 
Mr. Upham of New Hampshire, " On Visiting the Scene of 
Lovewell's Fight." The following stanzas selected from it 
are a not inappropriate requiem for all the soldiers of our 
own and other towns who perished in the early Indian ^ 
wars : — 

" The bugle is silent, the war-whoop is dead, 
There 's a murmur of waters and woods in their stead. 
And the raven and owl chant a symphony drear 
From the dark-waving pines o'er the combatants' bier. 

" Sleep, soldiers of merit, sleep, gallant of yore. 
The hatchet is fallen, the struggle is o'er ; 
While the fir-tree is green and the wind rolls a wave 
The tear-drop shall brighten the turf of the brave ! " 

1 The history of the later Indian wars, 1744-1761, is separated from that of 
the first century, because it seems to connect more properly with the Revolution- 
ary period, the same men being in service in the Revolution who had been trained 
in the old French War. 

13 



CHAPTER III. 

WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER.^ 

The fiftieth anniversary of Andover's settlement (1692), 
was destined to be a year of peculiar trial and distress. At 
the opening of the year it seemed that the town might rea- 
sonably hope to enjoy a season of prosperity. There were 
no near alarms of hostile Indians ; the church controversies, 
which had been a source of trouble, were settled ; there was 
nothing, apparently, to hinder the growth or disturb the peace 
of the community. But a cloud was gathering which was to 
bring darkness and desolation, a convulsion heaving that 
threatened to break up the very foundations of society. Few 
persons, who have not made the subject a special study, have 
an adequate conception of the magnitude of this calamity of 
the withcraft delusion. It is often said that too much stress 
has been laid upon it ; the number who suffered death was 
small, the pains of their execution were as a drop in the ocean 
compared with the sufferings of thousands slain for conscience 
in other countries and other communions. It is not, however, 
by numerical computations that the magnitude of the crisis 
can be estimated and the peril to the community and to the 
Puritan church appreciated. What made the peculiar danger 
of this panic, was its creation of universal distrust. Every man 
doubted whether his neighbor, his minister, his friend, the 
wife of his bosom, the children of his household, were not of 
those given over to Satan, sold to the service of the enemy 
of souls. And in his very doubt, querying whether or no 
such terrible suspicion could have foundation in truth, the 

1 The principal authorities consulted for this account, are The Essex County 
Court Papers, Mass. Archives, Woodward's Copies of Court Papers, Drake's An- 
nals, Upham's Salem Witchcraft, Calef's and Mather's Accounts, Historical Col- 
lections, Assistants' Records, Suffolk County Court Papers. 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 1 95 

suspecter finds himself suspected, arrested, hurried to jail, 
brought to trial, sentenced to death ; his protestations un- 
heeded, his denials pronounced obstinacy, his prayers blas- 
phemy and imprecation. The insecurity of all institutions, 
domestic and social, in such a state of things is apparent. If 
the examinations and trials had been conducted by any ordi- 
nary processes and according to any rules of evidence, there 
might have been a hope of arriving at truth. But the char- 
acter of the witnesses, the nature of their testimony, the 
methods of their examination, — all tended to increase rather 
than allay the excitement. The examiners proceeded on the 
assumption that the accused were guilty ; they invited evi- 
dence against them, in their zeal almost put words into the 
mouths of reluctant confessors and faltering witnesses, and 
they placed implicit faith in every statement corroborative 
of their preconceived opinions. Not that these men, some 
of the best and most conscientious of their time, delighted 
in the punishments inflicted or did not grieve for the neces- 
sity laid upon them. What made the situation most hope- 
less was that the magistrates were, as they believed, " ver- 
ily doing God service," engaging for the sake of Christ's 
kingdom in a contest with the Prince of Evil, — a contest in 
which at every cost they must persist and conquer ; though 
to do so they should be forced to sacrifice all which they held 
dearest. At least, such seems to the writer of this history 
the character and motives of the men who prosecuted the 
trials and advocated severity. But, whatever our estimate of 
the actors in the tragedy, the acts themselves are of thrilling 
interest, bringing to view in most prominent parts the men 
and women and even the children of our town. 

A belief in witchcraft was everywhere prevalent at the pe- 
riod of the colonial settlements. That Satan often worked 
through human agency to perform wonders was almost an es- 
sential article of the theological dogmas of the time, and this 
doctrine was surrounded and overlaid with many vulgar tradi- 
tions and superstitions. Now and then, in the course of con- 
troversies and litigations, especially among the illiterate classes 
of society, accusations would be brought against persons, of 
malicious connivings with the devil, to injure their opponents 



196 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

by Satanic arts. Such a charge was brought in 1658 against 
one John Godfrey of Andover. The principal sufferer from 
his wiles was the wife of Job Tyler of Boxford, who attended 
the church and was one of the tax-payers of Andover. The 
charge was brought in connection with a lawsuit of Haver- 
hill men against Godfrey for non-payment of a debt, but 
seems not to have been satisfactorily established, and God- 
frey subsequently brought suit for defamation. With John 
Godfrey's lawsuit the craft of witches seems to have ceased, 
and even at this time not to have much disturbed the commu- 
nity ; the minister, Rev. Francis Dane, giving decided opin- 
ion against its probability. 

The beginning of " the witchcraft " proper was in the win- 
ter of 1691, in Salem village (Dan vers). Some young girls 
were in the habit of meeting together for entertainment, — 
games, amusements, such as were permitted to young people. 
They tried sleight-of-hand, tricks of fortune-telling, looking 
into the palm of the hand and reading the future of the per- 
son's life by the interlacing lines there visible, as has been a 
custom of the credulous from that day to the present. The 
old historians call this "practising palmistry." Filling their 
minds with thoughts of this sort, they became fascinated and 
wonder-stricken, in talking about the supernatural. Ghosts, 
hobgoblins, devils, were the theme of their story-telling, and 
the subjects of their imaginings by night and by day. Some 
of them soon began to see strange sights, hear voices, dream 
dreams. They consulted an old Indian fortune-teller, gifted 
in wonder-working ; some of them began to be seized with 
convulsions, and to experience physical contortions of various 
sorts ; the others caught the infection. They vied with each 
other in strange exhibitions ; their conduct having become a 
subject of general notice and curiosity and of scientific or 
theological study. Stimulated and excited, they were wrought 
up to every species of hysterical manifestation ; they barked 
and mewed ; they wriggled themselves off into corners under 
tables ; they did all frenzied acts which the human mind, left 
a prey to morbid and unbridled imaginations, can invent. 
Their bodies, too, showed strange and inexplicable marks of 
torture and violence. Purple spots, as of bruises or violence 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. I97 

from human hands, marks of teeth, prickings of pins, were 
visible on them ; they grew emaciated, and had the appear- 
ance of being the victims of a wasting disease. The physi- 
cians could not cure them, and, as was not uncommon, sug- 
gested that they were under the affliction of an evil spirit. 
The ministers then made their case a subject of special prayer. 
Eminent clergymen from Boston were summoned. Pre- 
eminent among them was the Rev. Cotton Mather, a zealous 
investigator and curious, " entertained," as he phrases it, in 
considering these morbid manifestations. The unanimous 
conclusion was, that the unhappy victims were afflicted of 
the devil. This view of their case was communicated to the 
girls, and did not tend to alleviate their sufferings. Whether 
these were real or feigned, due wholly to diseased fancies, or 
were, in the case of any, sheer hypocrisy and of malice con- 
trived, opinions differ. The sufferers, either of their own 
accord or by suggestion, intimated that their sufferings were 
caused by some persons in the community through whose 
agency Satan worked to torture them. The persons whom 
they at first selected for accusation were two or three poor 
vagrant creatures, objects of common contempt or charity, — 
a terror to children, such forlorn souls as almost every village 
had when asylums and alms-houses were few. These half- 
crazed and outcast wretches were readily believed to be guilty 
of the sin charged upon them. They were tried with more 
or less satisfactory results. Others than they were soon 
accused ; the wonder grew ; whenever a person had any dis- 
ease which baffled medical skill, these afflicted girls, who 
were supposed to have clairvoyant power, or " spectre-evi- 
dence," as to the cause of sickness, were consulted. They 
usually pronounced the cause of the sickness to be due to the 
affliction of some person, — " witchcraft." 

It chanced, in the spring of 1692, that the wife of Joseph 
Ballard, of Andover, having long been ill, and having found 
no relief in medicine, her husband became anxious to try the 
spiritual method of ascertaining the cause of her ailment. 
Accordingly, he sent to Salem and brought two of the girls 
to Andover. One who came was Ann Putnam, of Salem. 
These girls were received with great solemnity, taken to the 



198 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

meeting-house, and, prayer having been made by the Rev. 
Mr. Barnard (Mr. Dane seems to have kept aloof from the 
proceedings, which was perhaps the reason of suspicion's 
falling on him and his family), they were adjured to tell the 
truth. 

They named certain persons of Andover and other places 
as the tormentors of the sick woman. John Ballard, the 
constable, forthwith obtained a warrant for the arrest of 
the accused, and hurried them off to Salem jail. They, be- 
ing plied with questions as to their accomplices and partners 
in guilt, named others, who also followed them to jail, till, in 
about three months, some forty or more were under arrest, 
and lying in irons, manacles, and fetters (all these instruments 
are mentioned in the records) in the crowded and miserable 
jail. The consternation and excitement of the community 
were beyond bounds. The belief gained ground that the 
devil had made a plot to destroy the Christian faith in the 
community and win over the people to himself. These men 
and women, fathers and mothers of Andover, — and their 
innocent children, — were thought to have sold themselves 
and their families to him. It was said he had made them 
sign their names in blood in his book, and bind themselves 
to do his bidding for a term of years : " Did wickedly, mali- 
ciously and feloniously covenant with the devil, did signe the 
Devils Book with Blood, did give himself soul and body to 
the Devill, by which wicked and diabolical covenant he is 
bound a Detestable Witch," is the form of indictment found 
against the prisoners, from children of eight years old to men 
and women gray-headed, parents and grandparents. Many 
confessed the charge to be true ; said the devil had baptized 
them in the Shawshin River, or in Five-mile Pond, on whose 
borders they held midnight meetings, stealing out of their 
houses and riding through the air on sticks, going as far as 
Salem village, the gathering-ground of witches. These sto- 
ries, creations of a diseased imagination, were implicitly be- 
lieved by the friends and relatives of the accused, at least by 
many. Instead of directing their efforts to calm the fren- 
zied mind and restore to right reason their unhappy friends, 
near and dear kindred joined their voices to those of the 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 1 99 

magistrates and ministers, begging the accused to make full 
confession. 

One of the saddest features of the delusion was that it held 
for nothing the former high character of the accused. At 
first, it is true, only the friendless and the strange, eccentric 
persons in the community or the high-tempered, or those who 
for any bold stand had incurred spite or made enemies, were 
selected. But, an epidemic of audacity seemed at length to 
seize the afflicted. One of the "higher powers" accused, 
and the magic circle broken, which birth, social position, and 
religious character had at first put their barriers around, a 
rivalry seems to have begun who should "bring out" (as 
was said) the most improbable and unsuspected of guilt. 
The sort of vulgar satisfaction which rejoices in the degrada- 
tion and humiliation of those above its own level, now rev- 
elled in reducing the pride of the lofty. Into the most hon- 
ored households the tongue of accusation thrust itself, and 
fastened its venomous touch upon the purest and gentlest 
there. The ladies who had walked hitherto as examples in 
the community, the admired, but the envied of many, were 
brought low. Mistress Mary Osgood, and the wife of the 
deacon of the church, Mrs. Eunice Frye, a woman of all 
Christian virtues, and the Rev. Mr. Dane's daughter, Mrs. 
Abigail Faulkner, and her innocent children, Dorothy and 
Abigail Faulkner, and another of Mr. Dane's daughters, 
Elizabeth Johnson, and her daughter, " Elizabeth Johnson 
jr.," and Mr. Dane's daughter-in-law, Mrs. Deliverance [Ha- 
zeltine] Dane, were accused ; and finally, Mr. Dane himself 
was hinted at, Mrs. Dudley Bradstreet named, and Mr. Dud- 
ley Bradstreet compelled to seek safety in flight. Such was 
the frenzy which seized the community and loosed its basest 
and most dangerous passions. The people clamored for 
trial and punishment of the accused, as they always clamor 
when superstition or suspicion of crime is rife, and each 
thinks to prove his own innocence by zeal for his fellows' 
conviction of guilt. 

In the trials, eight citizens of Andover were condemned. 
Three of these were hanged : Martha Carrier, Samuel Ward- 
well, Mary Parker ; one died in prison, Ann Foster ; Abi- 



200 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

gail Faulkner was reprieved, and by the delay ultimately 
saved ; Sarah Wardwell and Elizabeth Johnson and Mary 
Lacey were condemned at the very latest trial, January, i69§. 
and set free on the general jail delivery, when the frenzy was 
checked. The following is a list of those names of the ac- 
cused which have been found,^ and the various identifying 
notes in regard to them : — 

Barker, Abigail, wife of Ebenezer Barker, not guilty. 

Barker, Mary, single woman, daughter of John Barker, not 
guilty. 

Barker, William, Sen., brother of John Barker, not guilty. 

Bridges, Mary, single woman, not guilty. 

Bridges, Mary, wife of John Bridges, not guilty. 

Bridges, Mary, Jr., aged twelve years, daughter of John Bridges. 

Bridges, Sarah, single woman, afterward wife of John Preston, 
not guilty. 

Carrier, Martha [Allen], wife of Thomas Carrier, hanged. 

Carrier, Andrew, son of Thomas Carrier. 

Carrier, Richard,^ son of Thomas Carrier. 

Carrier, Thomas, son of Thomas Carrier. 

Carrier, Sarah, age seven years, daughter of Thomas Carrier. 

Dane, Deliverance, wife of Nathaniel, 

Draper, John. 

Farrington, Edward. 

Faulkner, Abigail, wife of Francis Faulkner, sentenced. 

Faulkner, Dorothy, ten years, daughter of Francis Faulkner. 

Faulkner, Abigail, eight years, daughter of Francis Faulkner. 

Foster, Ann, mother of Abraham Foster, condemned (died in 
prison). 

Frye, Eunice, wife of Dea. John Frye, not guilty. 

Fawkes, Sarah, single woman, afterward wife of Francis John- 
son, not guilty. 

Johnson, Elizabeth [Dane], wife of Stephen Johnson, mother of 
Francis Johnson. 

Johnson, Elizabeth, Jr., sister of Francis Johnson, condemned. 
Johnson, Abigail, eleven years, sister of Francis Johnson. 
Johnson, Stephen, thirteen years, brother of Francis Johnson, 
Johnson, Rebecca, widow, mother of John Johnson. 

Lacey, Mary [Foster], wife of Lawrence Lacey, condemned. 

^ Nehemiah Abbot was of Topsfield — sometimes named of Andover. 
2 A Richard Carrier, son of Andrew Carrier, is mentioned. 



WITCHCRAFT AT AN DOVER. 201 

Lacey, Mary, Jr., daughter of Lawrence Lacey. 
Osgood, Mary,, wife of Capt. John Osgood. 
Parker, Mary, mother of Joseph Parker, hanged. 
Parker, Sarah. 

Post, Mary, of Boxford,^ daughter of Rebecca Johnson, con- 
demned. 

Sawdey, John, apparently an apprentice. 

Tyler, Mary, wife of Hopestil Tyler, not guilty. 

Tyler, Johanna, daughter of Hopestil Tyler. 

Tyler, Hannah, single woman, not guilty. 

Wardwell, Samuel, hanged. 

Wardwell, Sarah, wife of Samuel Wardwell, condemned. 

Wardwell, Mercy, daughter of Samuel Wardwell, not guilty. 

Wilson, Sarah, wife of Joseph Wilson. 

Wilson, Sarah, daughter of Joseph Wilson. 

The above marked " not guilty " were those on whom ver- 
dict was pronounced at the court which sat January, i69§ 
(1693). The others were perhaps not all formally tried. " Ex- 
aminations," so-called, in which many confessed, preceded the 
trials and the evidence of the witnesses. Besides the above 
names, some others were reckoned with Andover. Rebecca 
Eames of Boxford, was one. The reason of this was that the 
Andover deputy to the General Court received the restitution 
money ultimately allowed to their legal representatives for 
losses. In the examinations of the accused which preceded 
the regular trial, most made confession and thus averted the 
extreme penalty. Martha Carrier was the only one of all, 
male or female, who did not at some time or other make an 
admission or confession. From the first moment to the last, 
under all the persuasions and exhortations of friends, under 
denunciations and threats of the magistrates and examiners, 
she held firm, denying all charges, and neither overborne in 
mind nor shaken in nerve, met death with heroic courage. 

The charge of witchcraft was not the first of Martha Car- 
rier's troubles ; indeed, the former may have been in a sense 
the cause of the later affliction. The Carrier family, who came 
to Andover from Billerica [they were living in the latter town 
about 1685], were not welcome residents. Thomas Carrier 

i Often mentioned as of Andover. 



202 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

was of Welsh birth, say the earlier historians. He seems to 
have been blessed with a comfortable temperament, for not- 
withstanding the misfortunes which befell him as a husband 
and father in the course of these witchcraft trials : his wife 
hanged, his sons imprisoned and cruelly handled, his daugh- 
ter of tender years accused and made to confess against her 
mother, — sorrows enough to have brought some men to a pre- 
mature grave, — he lived to the age of one hundred and nine 
vears, his head not bald nor his hair gray, and of such bodily 
activity that he walked ^ six miles a few days before his death. 
The wife, Martha Allen, was a resident of Andover before 
her marriage, the daughter of Andrew Allen, Sen. Her sis- 
ter Mary was married to Roger Toothaker of Ipswich and 
Billerica, and her nephew, Allen Toothaker, was a resident of 
Andover. The family were obnoxious, and were warned out 
of the town, because they had the small-pox, as appears from 
the following extract from the town records : — 

»"To Samuel Holt, Andrew Allen and John Allen, Neigh- 
bors and ffricTids — We the subscribers of Andover have been in- 
formed that your sister Carrier and some of her children are smit- 
ten with that contagious disease the small-pox and some have 
been soe inconsiderate as to think that the care of them belongs 
to the salact men of Andover which does not, for they took care 
when first they came to towne to warne them out again and have 
attended the law therein : and shall only take care that they doe 
not spread the distemper with wicked carelessness which we are 
afraid they have already done : you had best take what care you 
can about them, nature and Religion requiring of it. We hope we 
have done faithfully in this information and are your friends and 
servants. 

" Dated 14M Oct. 1690." 

Later the selectmen issue the following warrant to the 
constable to provide for their support and the safety of the 
town : — 

To Walter Wright Constable ; Whereas it has pleased God to 

visit those of the widdowe Allen's family which she hath taken into 

her house with that contagious disease the small-pox, it being as 

we think part of our duty to prevent the spreading of sd distemper 

1 Abbot's History of Andover, 1829- 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 203 

we therefore requier you in their Majesties' names to warn scl 
family not to goe near any house soe as to endanger them by scl 
infection nor to come to the public meeting till they may come 
with safety to others : but what they want let them acquaint you 
with : which provide for them out of their own estates. 
"Dated the 4 : 9. 1690." 

These intruders who made so much trouble would not be 
likely to suffer last or least when witchcraft was supposed to 
be abroad. Martha Carrier was, too, a woman of a disposi- 
tion not unlikely to make enemies : plain and outspoken in 
speech, of remarkable strength of mind, a keen sense of jus- 
tice, and a sharp tongue. She, doubtless (from all that ap- 
pears), took largely upon herself the care of the household, 
and no small interest in the management of the out-of-door 
affairs, in which she sometimes came into collision with the 
neighboring farmers. If the stories of witnesses can be cred- 
ited (they were, it is plain, in some instances, greatly exag- 
gerated) she had more than once threatened vengeance upon 
persons who, as she thought, over-reached and cheated her 
husband in his bargains. Among her unguarded speeches 
was brought against her, that she had declared " she would 
stick as close as the bark of a tree " to Benjamin Abbot (who 
had a dispute with her and her husband about laying out 
land), and he "should repent his conduct afore seven years 
came to an end," and " she would hold his nose so close to 
the grindstone as ever it was held since his name was Benja- 
min Abbot." As this man soon after had a swelling on his 
foot, and "a paine in his side which bred a sore that dis- 
charged several gallons of corruption,'' he was convinced that 
Martha Carrier had bewitched him. She was also accused 
of witchcraft exercised upon some of the afflicted girls of 
Salem, and on complaint of Joseph Houlton and John Wal- 
cott, of Salem, a warrant w^as issued for her arrest May 28, 
1692. She was the first arrested at Andover, so far as rec- 
ord is found. John Ballard, the constable, carried her off, 
and as soon as she was gone Benjamin Abbot " began to 
mend and grew better every day," as the witnesses in the 
trial averred, until he was quite well. 

On the 3ist of May the prisoner underwent an examina- 



204 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

tion ; being confronted with the persons who claimed to be 
suffering from her, five women and children of Salem and 
vicinity : — 

" Abigail Williams, who hurts you ? Goody Carrier of An- 
dover. 

" Elizabeth Hubbard who hurts you ? Goody Carrier. 

" Susan Sheldon who hurts you ? Goody Carrier ; she bites 
me, pinches me, and tells me she would cut my throat, if I did not 
signe her book." 

These are specimens of the questioning, and the sort of 
answers which it elicited. The witnesses were seized with 
fits as soon as she looked at them, and "fell into the most in- 
tolerable outcries and agonies," as the chroniclers of the time 
relate. They said they saw a black man standing beside her. 
She denied that she knew anything of what they affirmed, 
and her manner was so defiant, as the magistrate thought, 
that it proved conclusively her guilt and impenitence. " I 
see the souls of thirteen persons whom she has murdered at 
Andover," cried one of the accusers. Goaded to desperation 
at this foul charge, the exasperated woman exclaimed, " You 
lie; I am wronged ! '' then turning to the magistrates she 
boldly made appeal and rebuke : " It is false ; and it is a 
shame for you to mind what these say, that are out of their 
wits ! " But the accusers persisted that they saw the black 
man, and that even then the prisoner was practising diaboli- 
cal arts upon them, and their tortures seemed (and doubtless 
were) so great that, as the records say, " there was no endur- 
ing it." So she was " ordered away and to be bound hand 
and foot with all expedition, the afflicted in the meanwhile 
almost killed to the great trouble of all spectators, magis- 
trates and others." Thus handcuffed and fettered she was 
put into jail, where also her sons and her little daughter were 
soon incarcerated, to await further trial. A summons for 
witnesses was issued July 30: — 

" Wm & Mary by y*" Grace of God of England, Scotland, ffrance 
& Ireland King & Queen Defend""" of y^ faith &c. ss. To y" Con- 
stable or Constables of Andover Greeting. 

" Wee Comand you to Warn and give Notice unto Allen Tooth- 
aker, Ralph ffarnum junr, John ffarnum son of Ralph ffarnum senr, 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 205 

Benjamin Abbot and his wife, Andrew Foster, Phebe Chandler 
daughter of William Chandler, Samuel Holt senr, Samuel Preston 
junr, that they and every one of them be and personally appear at 
y' Court of Oyer and Terminer to be held by adjournment on 
Tuesday next at Ten of f Clock in y' Morning there to testifye 
y*" truth to y*' best of their knowledge on certain indictments to be 
exhibited against Martha Carrier of Andover ; hereof fail not at 
your utmost perill and make return of your doings herein. 

Stephen Sewall, Clerk.'" 

" Dated in Salem July 30th 1692." 

Of the examination of Martha Carrier, Upham says : — 

" The examination of Martha Carrier must have been one of the 
most striking scenes of the whole drama. The village meeting- 
house presented a truly wild and exciting spectacle ; the fearful 
and horrible superstition which darkened the minds of the people 
was displayed in their aspect and movement. Their belief that 
then and there they were witnessing the great struggle between 
the kingdom of God and of the Evil One and that everything was 
at stake on the issue gave an awe-struck intensity to their expres- 
sion. The blind unquestioning confidence of the magistrates, 
clergy and all concerned in the prosecutions, in the evidence of 
the accused, the loud outcries of their pretended sufferings, their 
contortions, swoonings, and tremblings excited the usual conster- 
nation in the assembly. In addition to this, there was the more 
than ordinarily bold and defiant bearing of the prisoner, stung to 
desperation by the outrage upon her poor children ; her firm and 
unshrinking courage, facing the tempest that was raised to over- 
whelm her, sternly rebuking the magistrates : ' It is a shameful 
thing that you should mind these folks that are out of their wits,' 
her whole demeanor proclaiming her conscious innocence, and 
proving that she chose chains, the dungeon, and the scaffold rather 
than to belie herself. Seldom has a scene in real life, or a picture 
wrought by the inspiration of genius and the hand of art in its in- 
dividual character or its general grouping surpassed that presented 
on this occasion." 

After two months' imprisonment in the heat of midsum- 
mer, the unhappy woman was brought out on the first of Au- 
gust to face the neighbors and relations who were summoned 
to bear testimony. One and all they testified against her, — 
that she had afifiicted them in their persons and estates, cans- 



206 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ing diseases to fall upon them and their cattle, and blight 
upon their crops. But, notwithstanding all the accumulation 
of evidence, she was undaunted and firm in maintaining her 
innocence. Others might confess to save themselves, or, be- 
cause by so much evidence and argument they were driven 
to the belief that in some mysterious way they were actually, 
though unconsciously working with the devil, and drawn into 
his toils ; but Martha Carrier's strong, clear mind no sophis- 
try could bewilder, and her intrepid courage no threats ter- 
rify. The Rev. Cotton Mather was shocked at her impiety 
and her obduracy. An " arrant hag" he calls her, and says 
that as a reward of her adherence to Satan she had received 
the promise that she should be "queen of hell." He also 
says that even her own sons testified against her ; but it ap- 
pears from a letter written by one of their fellow prisoners 
that this confession was extorted from them by violence, 
which reminds us of the tortures of the Spanish Inquisition : 
" The sons of Martha Carrier would not confess anything till 
they had tied them neck and heel till the blood was ready to 
come out of their noses." 

The little girl, Sarah Carrier, was brought into court Au- 
gust 1 1, 1692. There is something peculiarly touching in 
the scene, — this simple child, before the assembled magis- 
trates and dignitaries, arraigned on a charge which she could 
not in the least comprehend, and confessing to the vagaries 
and overwrought fancies excited in her childish mind by fear, 
or prompted by the suggestions of her interrogators : — 

" ' How long hast thou been a witch ? ' 

" ' Ever since I was six years old.' 

" ' How old are you now ? ' 

" ' Near eight years old ; brother Richard says I shall be eight 
years old in November.' 

" ' Who made you a witch ? ' 

" ' My mother. She made me set my hand to a book.' 

" ' How did you set your hand to it ? ' 

" ' I touched it with my fingers and the book was red and the 
paper of it was white.' 

" ' You said you saw a cat once. What did the cat say to you ? ' 

" ' It said it would tear me in pieces, if I did not set my hand to 
the book.' 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 207 

" ' How did you know that the cat was your another ? ' 
" ' The cat told me that she was m)- mother.' " 

With such absurd notions was the mind of the child filled 
by the grave and reverend magistrates and ministers, of 
whom it now seems impossible to cqnceive that they could 
have seriously put these questions about cats' talking, and a 
woman's assuming the form of a cat to delude her own child. 
Yet these were men who, in the ordinary affairs of life, were 
sensible and sagacious. If the facts teach anything it cer- 
tainly is a lesson of human fallibility. 

Several women of Andover who confessed, accused Martha 
Carrier as the cause of their being led into witchcraft. Three 
of these were, Ann Foster, her daughter Mary Lacey, and 
her granddaughter, Mary Lacey, Jr. Ann Foster said she 
rode on a stick with Martha Carrier to Salem village, that 
the stick broke and she saved herself by clinging around 
Martha Carrier's neck. She said they met three hundred 
witches at Salem village, among them the Rev. Mr. Bur- 
roughs, and another minister with gray hair (Mr. Dane, of 
Andover, was supposed to be hinted at). This story was 
confirmed by the daughter and the granddaughter. Besides 
these ridiculous charges there were others which had more 
foundation in truth. All the events of Martha Carrier's past 
life were gone over, and her rash speeches and revengeful 
words brought up, with some facts which looked greatly 
against her. Long ago, as one witness testified, she, angry 
with him, " gave forth several threatening words as she often 
used to doe," and, " soon after, the deponent found one of his 
large lusty sowes dead near Carrier's house, and one of his 
cowes which used to give a good Mess of milk would give lit- 
tle or none." Said the witness, John Roger : — 

" I did in my conscience believe then in y" day of it and have 
so done ever since and doe yet believe that Martha Carrier was y*^ 
occasion of those 111 accidents by means of Witchcraft ; she being 
a very malicious woman." 

Her nephew, Allen Toothaker, testified that " he had lost a 
three year old heifer, next a yearlin and then a cow and he 
knew not of any naturall causes of y^ death of the above s*^ 



2o8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

creatures, but have always feared it hath been y® effect of my 
aunt Carrier's her malice," 

Samuel Preston had also lost a cow, after Martha Carrier 
had a difference with him. In all these cases the witnesses 
deposed that she had threatened these losses. 

Phebe Chandler, eleven years old, testified : — 

"About a fortnight before the prisoner was sent for to Salem, 
v' upon y*" Sabbath day when y" psalm was singing s*^ Martha Car- 
rier took me by y^ shoulder & shaked me in y^ meeting-house & 
asked me where I lived but I made her no answer, not doubting 
but that she knew me, having lived some time the next door to 
my father's house ^ on our side of the way." 

She also said further, in relation to the prisoner's poisoning 
her : — 

" That day that s"^ Martha Carrier was accused my mother sent 
me to carry some beer to y^ folks y* were att work in y" lott & when 
I came within Carriers y" fence, there was a noise in y* bushes 
which I thought was Martha Carriers voice (which I knew well) 
but I saw nobody & y* voice asked me what I did there & whither 
I was going which greatly frighted me." 

She goes on to say that she heard a voice again telling her 
that she would be poisoned in two or three days. And so 
it was, her right hand swelled, and she had " a great weight 
on her breast and pain in her leges." When she got better, 
and went to meeting, Richard Carrier looked upon her " and 
the pains returned and she was struck deaf and heard none 
of y® prayers." 

" During the trial one of the afflicted," says Cotton Mather, 
" had her hands unaccountably tied together with a wheel- 
band, so fast that without cutting it could not be loosened." 
This was said to be done by the spectre or evil spirit working 
with and through Martha Carrier. 

The prisoner was hanged August 19, 1692, along with 
four men, among them the Rev. George Burroughs. They 
were carried in a cart through the streets of Salem, crowds 
thronging to see the sight. Even from the scaffold, Martha 

1 In the south part of the town, on the road from Ipswich to Billerica, lived 
William Chandler, Sen. See petition for a public-house, Chapter I. 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 209 

Carrier's voice was heard asseverating her innocence.^ Her 
dead body was rudely treated, thrust into the ground in the 
same hole or grave with the bodies of Mr. Burroughs and 
John Willard. Calef describes the burial : — 

" When he (Mr. Burroughs) was cut down, he was dragged by a 
halter to a hole or grave between the rocks about two feet deep ; 
his shirt and breeches being pulled off and an old pair of trousers 
of one executed put on his lower parts ; he was so put in together 
with Willard and Carrier that one of his hands and his chin and a 
foot of one of them was left uncovered." 

Nothing more is found recorded of Martha Carrier, till, in 
the year 171 1, her name occurs on a list of sufferers, whose 
legal representatives received money for losses sustained by 
the imprisonment and death of their relations. Seven pounds 
six shillings was allowed to the representatives of Martha 
Carrier. Some persons received fifty pounds. This has been 
commented on as an unjust and partial discrimination ; but it 
appears to have been simply according to the claim presented 
for money expended or loss incurred. Some families, whose 
friends were long in prison and during the winter, were at 
great expense to provide them with comforts, and some had 
property seized as forfeited to the government, on the ground 
that it was the estate of a condemned criminal ; some, also, 
were at expense in caring for the bodies of their friends and 
rescuing them from an ignominious burial. 

To compensate friends for the greatest wrong done, the 
moral one, or to make reparation for the outrages inflicted on 
the innocent and defenceless prisoners, or the cruelty to their 
families of giving their bodies to the hangman, was not con- 
templated in the Acts of the General Court for " Reversal of 
Attainders and Restitution for Losses." For such wrongs 
and losses, the deepest and most real, done to individuals, 
governments offer no redress. 

In regard to the other woman of Andover who was hanged, 
no particulars are found recorded. Several facts go to prove 
that she was the widow of Joseph Parker, who had been of a 

1 "All of them said they were innocent, Carrier and all." — Account of the 
Execution in the Diary of Judge Sewall. Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll.., Fifth Series, 
vol. V. 

14 



210 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

somewhat " distempered mind," and incapable of the care of 
her estate. The following petition tells her story in brief : — 

" Whereas our honored mother was Imprisoned and upon her 
Tryal was condemned for supposed witchcraft upon such evidence 
as is now generally thought to be insufficient and suffered the Pains 
of Death at Salem in the year 1692 we being well satisfied not only 
of her innocency of that crime that she was condemned for, but of 
her piety humbly desire that the attainders may be taken off, that 
so her name that has suffered may be restored." 

The sons of Mary Parker also show in their petition that 
after their mother's execution an officer sent by the sheriff 
came to Andover to seize her estate. The sons told him that 
she left no estate. Whereupon he seized their cattle, corn, 
and hay, and threatened that their estate should be sold, un- 
less they could make a contrary agreement with the sheriff. 
They were therefore obliged to make a journey to Salem and 
expend much money to save their property from sale. They 
claimed eight pounds restitution. 

In the trial of Mary Parker, she was accused by Mercy 
Wardwell and by William Barker (who both confessed to be 
witches), of joining with them to afflict one Timoth}' Swan of 
Andover. Several persons were also in the presence of the 
Court restored by the touch of her hand. On such evidence 
she was sentenced. 

Samuel Wardwell was hanged September 22, 1692. He 
at his first examination had confessed, but in a short time re- 
canted his confession. He did this in the spirit of martyr- 
dom, saying that he had once "belyed himself," but that he 
begged forgiveness for it, and though he knew that to persist 
in his recantation would cost him his life he would hold to the 
truth. Two indictments were found against him. The first 
of these was as follows : — 

" . , . . That Samuel Wardwell of Andover in the County of 
Essex, carpenter on or about the fifteenth day of August in the 
yeare aforesaid and divers other days and times as well before as 
after, certain detestable arts called witchcraft and sorceries wick- 
edly mallitiously and felloniously hath used practised and exer- 
cised at and in the Towne of Boxford in the County of Essex in 
and upon and against one Martha Sprague of Boxford in the 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 211 

County of Essex aforesaid single woman ; by which said wicked 
Arts the said Martha Sprague of Boxford in the County of Essex 
aforesaid, the day and yeare aforesaide and divers other days and 
times both before and after was and is tortured, afflicted. Con- 
sumed, Pined, Wasted and Tormented and also for sundry other 
acts of witchcraft by the said Samuel VVardwell comited and done 
before and since that time against the peace of our Sovereign 
Lord and Lady the King and Queen their Crowne and dignity. 
And the form in the Statute in that case made and Provided." 

In the second indictment it was presented that about 
" Twenty yeares agoe in the Town of Andover, he the said 
Samuel Wardwell with the evill speritt, the Devill a covenant 
did make, wherein he promised to honor, worship and believe 
the devill contrary to the statute of King James the First in 
that behalfe made and Provided, etc." 

The witnesses against him were Martha Sprague ^ and sev- 
eral girls, also three prominent men of Andover, Joseph Bal- 
lard, Ephraim Foster, Thomas Chandler. 

The last was a man sixty-five years old, of much experience 
in affairs, civil and military. His testimony shows how cau- 
tious the more practical and sensible men were in regard to 
their utterances about the witchcraft : — 

" The testimony of Thomas Chandler aged about sixty-five, who 
saith that I have often heard Samuel Wardwell of Andover tell 
young persons their fortune and he was much adicted to that and 
mayd sport of it, and further saith not." 

Here again in the accused we see one of those odd geniuses, 
or wonder-loving characters, of whom every community has 
some always, who deal in the marvellous, tell great stories, 
dupe the credulous to the amusement of the crowd, and who, 
in an age of superstition, were apt to claim a knowledge of 
future events, and who, perhaps, believed in a measure in 
their own supernatural gifts. 

Ephraim Foster seemed to put some faith in his towns- 
man's prophecies. He testified that Wardwell had made 
some predictions in regard to the birth of his (Foster's) 
children, that there would be five girls in the household be- 
fore a son should be born. This had proved true. The 

i ''Alias Tyler." 



212 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

witness had also often seen Wardwell " tell fortins," and he 
observed that in doing so the fortune-teller always " looked 
first into the hand of the person, and then cast his eyes down 
on the ground." This was proof of his being in league with 
Satan, though the connection is not obvious. 

Wardwell himself confessed that he was guilty of cov- 
enanting with the devil. He said it was on this wise : Some 
years ago he had " fallen into a discontented state of mind 
because he was in love with a maid named Barker who slighted 
his love." While thus melancholy, one day, being behind 
Mr. Bradstreet's house, he saw "some catts together." One 
of these cats, as he related, "assuming the form of the black 
man," spoke to him, promising that " he should live comfort- 
ably and be a captain " ^ if he would sign the book. He was 
induced to make the signature, and was baptized in the Shaw- 
shin River, where "he was dipt all over, and renounced his 
former baptism." 

In his recantation of this confession, the prisoner gave as 
his reason for ever making such a statement, that the exam- 
iners had insisted that he was a servant of the devil, and had 
urged him to name the time when he made the covenant ; and 
being thus driven to specify the time, he had persuaded himself 
there must have been such a time, and he had gone back to 
this period of dejection as the only one in which he was Ukely 
to have done the deed. It would seem as though he and the 
others who confessed were unsettled in their own right rea- 
son and judgment by the many voices against them, the over- 
whelming evidence, and the importunities of the examiners 
that they would confess, and searching back over their past 
lives for some consciously or unconsciously-made covenant, 
found it in circumstances of mental depression or bodily suf- 
fering, the remembrance of which became clouded with phan- 
toms conjured up by the fears of the hour. Nor would it be 
strange that a person, especially, who had so often exercised 
the pretended gift of fortune-telling, should half suspect him- 
self of being under the power of supernatural beings. Even 
in the materialism of the nineteenth century, the mystery is 

1 Captains then were the chief men, — as Captain Bradstreet, owner of the 
house near the scene o£ temptation. 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 213 

not all solved, of those at least almost preternatural powers 
which some persons seem to have in certain abnormal condi- 
tions. It cannot, therefore, be much wondered at that the 
simple-minded fortune-teller of the seventeenth century, in 
old Andover, when his minister and all the most devout mag- 
istrates told him he was a witch, should, temporarily at least, 
believe that he was. 

But it shows that he had, in spite of all his odd ways, more 
strength of character and real principle than might at first be 
supposed, that he did not long remain thus obscured as to 
his estimate of himself. At the last, although he knew that 
his only hope of safety was in adhering to his confession, he 
wholly denied its truth. His mind, once cleared, became 
strong and steady, and his statements true and consistent. 

On the gallows he protested his innocence. While he 
spoke, the wind blew a puff of smoke from the executioner's 
pipe into his face. The accusers exclaimed : " The devil doth 
hinder his words ! " 

Seven other persons were hanged at the same time with 
Wardwell. The Rev. Mr. Noyes, pointing to the bodies, 
addressed the crowd with a moral : " What a sad thing it is 
to see eight firebrands of hell hanging there ! " 

The account presented by the sons of Samuel Wardwell 
shows that there was taken by the government to pay the 
expenses of his trial and execution the following : — 

Five cowes . . . • • • • • £^10 o o 

One heifer and a yearling 250 

Nine hogs . . . . • • • • 700 

Eight loads of hay 400 

A set of carpenter's tools . . . . . • i 10 o 

Six acres of corn upon the ground ... goo 

Another who was condemned was Ann Foster. She, how- 
ever, was not hanged, having died in the prison before the 
law could take its course. She was an aged woman, a widow, 
without friends of influence to give aid in her distress. She 
was evidently weak in mind and body, and was ready at the 
trial to confess almost anything, and believe everything which 



214 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AN DOVER. 

was suggested against herself. Indeed, some of these women 
had been so long used to contemplate their natural and ac- 
quired depravity, in its most aggravated forms, that some of 
the sensitive and self-accusing were ready, even in their or- 
dinary religious meditations, to regard themselves as guilty 
of almost all sin, believing literally that "he that offendeth in 
one point is guilty of all." The piety of Ann Foster is espe- 
cially spoken of by her sons, and there can be little doubt that 
she was led to charge herself with the sin of witchcraft in all 
sincerity and contrition. A broken-down old woman in her 
decrepitude and weakness, torn from her quiet home, brought 
on a long journey to a prison and a court-room, accused of 
blaspheming her God and forsaking her Saviour, — what won- 
der if she sank and died under such a weight of miseries. 
She was four times examined, — July 15th, i6th, i8th, 21st. 
It is pitiful to think of this poor, tottering, feeble creature, 
dragged again and again before her accusers, and finally dis- 
missed to the sheriff to be " taken care of" as guilty. 

She overdid in confession, or she would, like the others, 
have doubtless been saved. But the law must have victims, 
and here was one who proved herself to be deeply guilty. 
She confessed that she bewitched a hog of John Lovejoy's. 
caused the death of one of Andrew Allen's children, made 
another child sick, and " hurt " Timothy Swan. She said 
her manner of hurting was to make images of the persons 
with rags (" poppets " they are called in the records), and 
stick pins in these, or " tye knots in the rags," or burn them 
in the fire. The persons whom these images were supposed 
to represent would suffer whenever she pinched or burned, 
or pricked the "poppet."' 

The deluded woman also described extraordinary appari- 
tions which she had seen, — birds, with great eyes, which first 
were white and became black when they flew away, by which 
she knew they were devils, also black men who were devils. 
She had been at the witch-meetings and seen the Rev. George 
Burroughs and another minister with gray hair. Again and 
again she repeated and owned this confession. But on one 
point she was obstinate. She would accuse herself to any ex- 
tent, but she would not accuse her daughter. For this her 



WITCHCRAFT AT AND OVER. 215 

examiners lost patience with her. "You have been already 
three times examined," they exclaim, "and yet you do not con- 
fess " — that is, she did not confess to making her daughter a 
witch ; even though the daughter admitted that she was one 
and charged it upon her mother's influence and agency : — 

" Your daughter was with you and Goody Carrier when you did 
ride upon the stick ? 

" I did not know it. 

" How long have you known your daughter to be engaged ? 

"I cannot tell nor have I any knowledge of it at all. 

" Do you not acknowledge that you did so ? 

" No and I know no more of my daughter's being a witch than 
what day I shall die upon. 

" You cannot expect peace of conscience without a free confes- 
sion. 

" If I knew anything more, I would speak of it to the utmost." 

But in spite of this denial the daughter alleged that it was 
true that they were both witches, and she cried out : " O 
mother, we have left Christ and the devil hath got hold of 
us ! " The distressed mother moving her lips in prayer was 
asked what she was doing, and replied that she was " praying 
to the Lord." " What Lord .'' " said the examiners sternly, 
"What God do witches pray to .'' " Thus taunted and over- 
borne, the harassed woman in confusion and distraction ex- 
claimed : " I cannot tell ; the Lord help me ! " 

The granddaughter confirmed her mother's statements that 
they were both witches, made so by the prisoner. The story 
of Ann Foster is graphically told in a petition presented by 
her son. It was written by some abler pen than his, for he 
only made his mark : — 

"To THE Honorable Committee now Sitting at Salem : — 

" Whereas my mother Ann Foster of Andover suffered impris- 
onment twenty-one weeks and upon her Tryall was condemned for 
supposed witchcraft upon such evidence as now is Generally 
thought Insufficient and died in prison, I being well persuaded of 
my mother's innocency of the crime for which she was condemned 
I humbly desire that the attainder may be taken off. The charges 
and expenses for my mother during her imprisonment is as fol- 



2l6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

lows : — The money which I was forced to pay the keeper before 
I could have the dead body of my mother to bury her was £2. xos. 
Money and provisions 
Expended while She was in prison . . £/\. 

Total expenses .... £(i. xos." 

This sum of money the petitioner received, and also for his 
sister Maiy Lacey ^8 \os, on petition and by order of her 
husband Lawrence Lacey .^ 

Mrs. Abigail Faulkner was sentenced to death, but, by the 
intercession of friends, delay was obtained, and finally she was 
set free, when orders were given for a general release. Her 
trial is one of the most noteworthy. She was the daughter 
of the minister who for forty-five years had lived in Andover, 
and she was the first who had been condemned in the town 
of those in high social standing. Her conduct in the courts 
was worthy of her position, free alike from credulous weak- 
ness on the one hand and from scornful defiance on the other. 
Either from her own good sense, or upheld by the wise coun- 
sels of her father (who never yielded to the delusion), she 
showed the greatest discretion, paying due deference to the 
court, yet never losing her firmness and dignity. That she 
was not to be intimidated by superstitious terrors, the exami- 
ners knew, it is evident, for they forbore to argue with her 
about " peace and judgment to come," but they urged her to 
confess ^' for ye credit of her Towne ! " This seems almost to 
have a spice of malice and meanness in it, at all events to be 
very shrewd to bring about the desired end, for to hint even 
that the fair name of the town was to suffer from the family 
of the minister was not to help him who had recently been 
involved in difficulties with his parishioners. 

However, the daughter had her father's spirit, and even 
this innuendo, if it were one, did not move her. She merely 
made reply in the dignity of simple truth, that " God would 
not require her to confess that she was not guilty of." Still 
later, when witnesses were numerous and evidence overwhelm- 
ing, she made admissions, guardedly, and as if with the de- 
sign of conceding all that could be conceded with a view to 
appeasing the clamor for her confession. She admitted it was 

1 Mass. Archives, " Witchcraft Petitions." 



WITCHCRAFT AT AND OVER. 21/ 

possible that the devil niip;ht be working through her, but if 
so she was not conscious of it and did not consent to it. She 
explained some of the charges against her by saying, that 
when so many of her relations had been accused she had been 
"raised in her spirit " [that is, excited and indignant], and al- 
most frantic, and she "had pinched her hands together" in 
her distress. The examiners had charged that by this " pinch- 
ing: of her hands " the afflicted were tortured. She admitted 
that possibly it was so, but yet it was not she who hurt them, 
but the devil working through her without her knowledge or 
consent. It was noted against her that she was unmoved by 
the sufferings of the afflicted ; though she said she was sorry 
for them "she did not shed a tear." Some seven or eight 
charged upon her their tortures. Added to the distress of so 
many accusers was the greatest of all, that of having her two 
little girls (eight and ten years old) confess themselves witches 
and charge their mother with being their teacher. Also, 
Martha Tyler, Johanna Tyler, Sarah Wilson, and Joseph Ty- 
ler, confessing themselves witches, " did all acknowledge that 
they were led into that dreadful sin of witchcraft by the 
means of the aforesd Abigail Faulkner." 

She was kept in prison thirteen weeks, and when set free, 
by the general "jail delivery," was legally liable to penalty. 
In the year 1700 she presented a memorial to the General 
Court praying for the defacing of the record against her, by 
which she was under the attainder of a convicted crimi- 
nal : — 

" I am as yet suffered to live, but only as a malefactor convicted 
upon record of y*" most heinous crimes that mankind can be sup- 
posed to be guilty of, which besides its utter ruining and defaming 
my Reputation will certainly expose myself to Imminent Danger 
by new accusations which will thereby be the more readily believed 
will remain a perpetual brand of infamy upon my family. I do 
humbly pray that the High and Honourable Court will please to 
take my case into serious consideration and order the Defacing of 
y^ record against me, so that I may be freed from y'^ evil conse- 
quences thereof." 

Not until after eleven years, and much petitioning, was the 
attainder taken off. The record remains to this day one of 



2l8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the most conspicuous on the pages of the "Book of Witch- 
craft," in the State Archives. Its clear and distinct writing, 
among many nearly illegible papers, make it one of the no- 
ticeable records ; so that even the casual turner of the leaves 
cannot fail to read it : — 

" The Jury find Abigail Faulkner 
wife of Francis Faulkner of Andover 

GUILTY OF Y^ FELONY OF WITCHCRAFT 

Coniited on y body of Martha 

Sprague also on y" body of Sarah Phelps 

SENTENCE OF DEATH PASSED ON ABIGAIL FAULKNER. 

Cop ill vera." 

The niece of Abigail Faulkner, granddaughter of Mr. 
Dane and daughter of Stephen and Elizabeth Dane Johnson, 
" Elizabeth Johnson Jr.," was also condemned and reprieved, 
and thereby saved (Mr. Dane and his friends using every 
effort to stop the tide of superstition, and finally succeeding). 
A petition of the brother of Elizabeth Johnson attests the 
fact of her condemnation : — 

" To THE Honourable Committee Sitting at Salem Sept 3, 
1 7 10. 

" Whereas my sister Elizabeth Johnson jr of Andover was im- 
prisoned six months for y* supposed witchcraft and upon her Tryall 
was condemned by such evidence as is now generally thought to 
be Insufficient in the year 1692 She the said Elizabeth Johnson 
humbly prays that the attainder may be taken off. 

'' My expences for maintaining my sister with provisions during 
her imprisonment was £,2)- °- °- which I pray may be allowed. 

by Francis Johnson — in behalf of my sister." 

Again, in 171 2, the petitioner makes request, her name 
having by some mistake been omitted from the list of those 
named in the Reversal of Attainder, October 17, 1711 : — 

"Whereas the Honble General Court hath 1 itely made an act 
for taking off the attainder of those that were condemned for 
witchcraft in the year 1692, I thought meet to inform your Honors 
that I was condemned by the Court at Salem in Januarj' in the 
year 1692 as will appear by the Records of the Tryals at said 
Court, but my name is not inserted in said act. Being very de- 
sirous of the favour of that act am bold humbly to pray your 



WITCHCRAFT A T AN DO VER. 2 1 9 

Honors to represent my case to the General Court at their next 
Session that my name may be inserted in that act ; if it may be 
and that the Honourable Council would please to allow me some- 
thing in consideration of my charges by reason of my long impris- 
onment which will be thankfully acknowledged as a great favor 
by your Honors most humble servant 

Elizabeth Johnson, junr.^ 
"Andover Feb 19 1 71 1- 12." 

Elizabeth Johnson's confession ought to have saved her 
from condemnation, if, as some persons argued, confession 
implied penitence, and penitence was salvation from the pen- 
alty of the law. She owned to everything charged. It would 
seem that the few verdicts of guilty rendered at the trials of 
January 1692-3, when the reaction of feeling had set in, were 
merely formal. The confession of Elizabeth Johnson was 
that Goodwife Carrier persuaded her, and she had been bap- 
tized in Goodwife Carrier's well by the devil. He " dipt her 
head over in water." She had been at witch-meeting, and 
seen bread and wine at the devil's sacrament. She had af- 
flicted many persons by poppets. She had some poppets 
made of rags, and some of "birch Rhine" [bark.?]. She 
afflicted Ann Putnam " with a speare of iron." She showed 
red spots on her body, where she said her "familiar," the evil 
spirit, sucked her. 

Mary Lacey, daughter of Ann Foster, was condemned- 
She said the devil had carried her in his arms to Newbury 
falls, and there he had baptized some of the " higher powers." 
She also said (to use the words of the deposition) " if she 
doe but take a ragg, clout or any such thing and roll it up to- 
gether and imagine it to represent such and such a person, 
then whatsoever she doth to that Rag or clout so rouled up the 
person represented thereby will be in lyke manner afflicted." 

The trials and confessions are so similar that repetition is 
needless. 

Sarah Wardwell, wife of Samuel Wardwell, was found 
guilty at the Court of Trials, January 2, 1693. The record 2 
of the verdict is as follows : — 

1 Elizabeth Johnson, Jr., and Mary Lacey, Jr., were, it would seem, young 
persons under parental authority. 

2 Suffolk County Records — '' Assistant's Records." 



220 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" A jur)' being called, Nathan Howard foreman and accordingly 
sworne, the jury went out to agree on their verdict, who returning 
did then and there in open court deliver their verdict that the said 
Sarah Ward well was Guilty of covenanting with the Devill for 
which she stood Indicted in the first Indictment as also Guilty of 
the ffelony by witchcraft, for which she stood indicted in the sec- 
ond Indictment." 

The sons of Samuel and Sarah Wardwell petitioned for 
restitution, and especially to have their mother's name in- 
serted in the list of those whose attainder was taken off by 
the Act of Reversal : — 

" Whereas my mother Sarah Wardel was condemned by the 
Court at Salem some time in January in the year 1692 (Jan. 169!) 
as I suppose will appear by the Records of the Tryalls at that 
Court, but her name is not inserted in the late Act of the Generall 
Court for the taking of the attainder off those that were con- 
demned in that year, my mother being since deceased I thought it 
my duty to endeavor that her name may have the Benefit of the 
Act 

"I mentioned only what was seized of my father's estate by the 
sheriffe, but gave no account of other charges which did arise from 
the imprisonment of my Father and Mother ; they having provided 
for their own subsistence, while they were in Prison, and I sup- 
pose there was something considerable payd to the keeper of the 
Prison, though I am not able now to give a particular account how 
much it was. If your Honors please to allow me something upon 
that account it will be thankfully acknowledged by your honors 
most humble servant Samuel Wardel." 

" Feb 19 1711-12 

What was the condition of the young children of Samuel 
and Sarah Wardwell, their father hanged and their mother 
in prison, we learn from a record of the selectmen of Ando- 
ver, part of which also is recorded in the " Essex County 
Court Papers " : — 

" Wee y* subscribers selectmen of Andover y* abovesd year, 
having informed y^ Quarter Sessions at Ipswich y'' 27th of y" 
aboves** September that there was severall children of Sam' Ward- 
wels y* was in a suffering condition begging their advice direction 
& order therein which they were pleased to Consider of & order as 
followes y' y® Selectmen for y'' time being should place out, or if 



WITCHCRAFT AT AN DOVER. 221 

need require binde out s** children in good & honest families, re- 
ferring to a law in that case provided. Persuant to this order of 
y'' Court wee have placed them as follows ; viz Samuel Wardwell 
we placed with John Ballard his uncle for one year, William we 
placed with Corpl Saml ffrie till he come to be of y' age of one 
and twenty years ; s'^ ffrie to learne him y'= trade of a weaver. 
Eliakim we placed to Daniel Poor till he was twenty-one years of 
age & Elizabeth we placed with John Stevens till eighteen years 
of age, all y* abovesd were to find them with suites of apparel att 
y" end of s** term of tyme. Sam^ Frie \ 

John Aslebe \ Selectmen " 
John Abbot ) 

Of the prisoners tried and acquitted, one of those highest 
in standing was Elizabeth Dane, wife of Stephen Johnson. 
She suffered five months' imprisonment. Her daughter Eliz- 
abeth, as has been said, was condemned, and her daughter 
Abigail, and her son Stephen, were accused and imprisoned 
five weeks. Her son Francis Johnson, received restitution- 
money in her behalf. 

The boy Stephen Johnson was thirteen years of age. He 
did (in the words of the indictment) " wickedly, malitiously 
& feloniously with the devil a covenant make, wherebye he 
gave himselfe soule and body to the Devil and signed the 
Devils Booke with his blood and by the devil was baptized 
and renounced his Christian baptism, by which wicked & 
Diabolical covenant with the Devil made the said Stephen 
Johnson is bound a detestable witch," etc. 

Mary Marston, wife of John Marston, made a full confes- 
sion, that one evening, when she was alone in the house, the 
black man came in and offered her a paper book to sign, 
which she did sign with a pen dipped in ink, " and therewith 
made a Strooke." 

She accused William Barker of joining with her to af- 
flict. 

William Barker, examined August 29th, confessed that, 
being a poor man, and having a large family, and unable to 
pay his debts, he signed the devil's book, Satan agreeing to 
pay all his debts, and give him a comfortable life. He said 
that the world hitherto had " gone hard with him." . 



222 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Mercy Wardwell, Richard Carrier, and others, also con- 
fessed. The most remarkable confession was that of Mrs. 
Mary Osgood, the wife of Mr. John Osgood. She was a 
woman of exemplary character, and had always been re- 
spected and beloved in the community. Yet, though of 
unblemished life and incapable of falsehood, as every one 
believed, she now confessed that for eleven years she had 
been devoted to the service of Satan ; she had prayed to the 
devil instead of to God ; she had been baptized by the devil 
in Five-mile Pond ; she had taken many midnight journeys 
through the air, in company with Deacon Frye's wife, and 
Ebenezer Barker's wife, and Goody Tyler ; she had expected 
to have great satisfaction in the devil's service, but he had 
never given it to her, and she was miserable. Her husband 
testified that he believed in the truth of her statements. 
The principal evidence, besides her own confession, against 
Mrs. Osgood, was that of Goody Tyler. But what that was 
worth, and how it was extorted, may be learned from a sec- 
ond confession, or recantation, made by this woman to the 
Rev. Increase Mather. This minister, less credulous than 
his son, and also probably enlisted in the cause of, and labor- 
ing with, the Rev. Francis Dane and others, to bring about 
a reaction of feeling and save the prisoners, the kinsfolk and 
parishioners of Mr. Dane, visited the Andover women in the 
prison, and obtained counter-confessions. The reasons for 
the first confessions he states, as given him by the women 
themselves : — 

" Goodwife Tyler did say that when she was first apprehended 
she had no fears upon her and did think that nothing could have 
made her confess against herself. But, since she hath found to 
her great grief that she had wronged the truth and falsely accused 
herself." 

The account goes on to say that, on the way from Andover 
to Salem, her brother Bridges rode with her, and told her 
that it must be that she was a v/itch, because the afiflicted 
were raised out of their fits at her touch. She constantly 
denied and begged him not to urge her to confess. After 
she got to Salem, she was carried into a room where her 
"brother on one side and Mr. John Emerson on the other 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 223 

side " did tell her she was certainly a witch, and Mr. Emer- 
son said he could see the devil before her eyes, and with his 
hands ''tried to beat him axvay from her eyes T And they " so 
urged her to confess that she wished herself in any dungeon 
rather than be so treated. ' Well, I see you will not confess, 
well I will now leave you and then you are undone body and 
soul forever.' " 

They told her that in confessing " she could not lie,'' to 
which she answered, " Good brother, do not say so, for I shall 
lie, if I confess, and then who shall answer unto God for my 
lie." They said she would surely be hanged if she did not 
confess ; that God would not suffer so many good men to be 
in error, and that she surely was a witch. She told Mr. 
Mather "that they continued so long and so violently to urge 
and press her to confess, that she thought verily her life 
would have gone from her," and at last she said " almost 
everything that they propounded to her." 

She told Mr. Mather, also, that " she wronged her con- 
science in so doing," was " guilty of a great sin in belying 
of herself and desired to mourn for it so long as she lived." 
This she said, and " a great deal more of the like nature " 
(as the clergyman relates), "and all with such affliction, sor- 
row, relenting, grief and mourning that it exceeds any pen to 
describe and express the same." 

Mrs. Osgood likewise explained to Mr. Mather the way in 
which she was led to confess. She said that the examiners 
asked her at what time she became a witch. She told them 
she did not know. They said she did know and she must 
tell, and thus beset she considered, that " about twelve years 
before when she had her last child she had a fit of sickness 
and was melancholy and so thought that time might be as 
proper a time to mention as any and accordingly did prefix 
the said time." 

She explained her saying that the devil appeared to her, 
by relating that the examiners told her the devil did appear, 
and pressed her to say in what shape, and remembering that 
just before her arrest she saw a cat, she "at length did say 
it was in the shape of a cat. Not as though she in any whit 
suspected the said cat to be the devil in the day of it, but be- 



224 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

cause some cj^eature she must mention^ and this came into her 
mind at the time." 

It will be noticed, in considering these examinations and 
confessions, that it was not the least conscientious, the least 
scrupulous in morals, who uttered the seeming falsehoods 
and perjuries. It was the religiously brought up, the shrink- 
ing women and children, accustomed to rely implicitly on the 
judgment and advice of their superiors in worldly wisdom, or 
in theological learning. Martha Carrier, having no impor- 
tunate advisers begging her not to ruin herself and them, 
and being used to depend on her own judgment, stood firm, 
the sole one of forty or more who did not make an admis- 
sion of complicity or agency in the devil's works, and who 
did not indeed even admit (what the wisest believed) that 
there was Satanic agency in the matter. Abigail Faulkner, 
who made only partial admissions, acted no doubt under the 
instructions of her father, who saw that only concession of 
some points would save her, and could advise it conscien- 
tiously, since neither he nor any one else could know for a 
certainty that the devil was not concerned in these extraordi- 
nary manifestations. 

Some of the accused were examined by Mr. Dudley Brad- 
street, Justice of the Peace, at Andover, August lo, 1692. 
He seems to deprecate the necessity laid upon him, and to 
disclaim any judgment in the matter. He evidently, though 
humane and not so credulous as many in regard to the wild 
stories current, had not the determination and strength that 
characterize the minister, Mr. Dane. His letter to the mag- 
istrates and examiners, relating what action he took, is as fol- 
lows : ^ — 

"Gentlemen: I thought it meet to give you this broken ac- 
count hoping it may be of some service. I am wholly unac- 
quainted with affairs of this nature neither have the benefit of 
books for forms &c. ; but ' being unadvisedly entered upon service 
I am wholly unfit ' for beg that my ignorance and failings may be 
as much covered as conveniently may be which will ever be ac- 
knowledged by your poor and unworthy servant. 

1 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Third Series, vol. i. 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 22$ 

" I know not whether to make any returns. Bonds I have taken. 
The ciistos rotiiloriim I know not, .... 

"To THE Honored Bartholomew Gedney, John 
Hathorne, Esq., or any of their Majesties Justi- 
ces OF the Peace in Salem these humbly present." 

The condition of the women and children of Andover, 
delicately reared as some of them had been, and used to the 
comforts of as luxurious homes as could be found in new in- 
land plantations, now thrust with all sorts of prisoners into 
the common jail at Salem, was pitiable indeed. Many of 
them were six months in prison, and some even eight 
months.^ Their sufferings were great in the heat of sum- 
mer, and with the approach of winter it seemed probable 
that they would be extreme. To procure, if possible, some 
alleviation of their misery, their friends petitioned ^ for their 
release from jail, under bonds, before winter should set in : — 

"To THE Honoured Court now sitting in Boston this 12th 
of October 1692. Right Honoured Gentkmeri and Fathers, We, 
your humble petitioners, whose names are underwritten, petition 
your honors as followeth : We would not trouble you with a tedious 
Diversion, but briefly spread open our distressed condition and 
beg your honour's favor and pity in affording what relief may be 
thousht convenient. As for the matter of our Troubles it is the 
distressed condition of our wives and Relations in prison at Salem 
who are a company of poor distressed creatures as full of inward 
grief and trouble as they are able to bear up in life withall. And 
besides the agrivation of outward troubles and hardships they un- 
dergo and want of food ; and the coldness of the winter season 
that is coming may soon despatch such out of the way that have 
not been used to such hardships. 

" And besides this, the exceeding great charges and expences 
that we are at upon many accounts which will be Tedious to give a 
particular account of, which will fall heavy upon us, especially in 
a time of so great charge and expence upon a general account in 
the country, which is expected of us to bear a part as well as 
others, which if all put together our families and estates will be 
brought to Ruin, if it cannot in time be prevented. Having 

1 Rebekah Johnson, who was the sexton of the North Church (the only woman 
appointed by the town to take care of the Meeting-house), was in jail eight 
months. 

2 Mass. Archives, vol. cxxxv., page 59. 

15 



226 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

spread open our condition, we humbly make our address to your 
Honors, to Grant that our Wives and Relations (being such that 
have been approved as penitent Confessors), might be returned 
home to us upon what bond your honors may see good. We do 
not petition to take them out of the hand of Justice, but to remove 
them as Prisoners under bonds In their own families where they 
may be more tenderly cared for and be ready to appear to answer 
further when the Honored Court shall call for them. We humbly 
crave your Honors favor and pltty for us and ours. Having set 
down our Troubled State before you, we hereby pray your honors : 

John Osgood In behalf of his wife. 

John ffry in behalf of his wife. 

John Marston in behalf of his wife Mary Marston. 

Christopher Osgood in behalf of his daughter Mary 
Marston. 

Joseph Wilson in behalf of his wife & children. 

John Bridges in behalf of his wife & children. 

Hope Tyler in behalf of his wife & daughter. 

Ebenezer Barker for his wife. 

Nathaniel Dane for his wife." 

This petition was accompanied by another of about the 
same date, October i8th, from the ministers and other in- 
habitants of Andover. The name of Dudley Bradstreet is 
not among the signatures to it ; the reason being that he v^^as 
now under suspicion or accusation, had fled the town, and 
was living secreted in hope the storm would blow over. The 
allusion in the petition to " more of our neighbors of good 
reputation," doubtless points to Colonel Bradstreet, and the 
petitions were intended to operate in his favor by turning the 
tide of public feeling, so that he might venture to appear.^ 
The following is the full text of the petition : — 

" We being deeply sensible of the heavy judgment that the Right- 
eous God hath brought upon this place thought it our duty (after 
our earnest prayers to the God of Heaven to give us help from 
our trouble) to lay before this Honourable Assembly our present 
distressed state and to crave a redress of our grievances. It is 
well known that many persons of this town have been accused of 
witchcraft, by some distempered persons in these parts " and upon 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. cxxxv., page 6l. 

2 This, it will be noted, is strong language and high ground to take, — to charge 
the persons as being distempered, when in the popular and the theological judg- 



WITCHCRAFT AT AND OVER. 227 

complaint made have been apprehended and committed to prison. 
Now, though we would not appear as advocates for any who shall 
be found guilty of so horrid a crime, but we heartily desire that 
this place and the whole land may be purged from that great 
wickedness, yet if any of our friends and neighbors have been 
misrepresented, as is possible some of them have been, we would 
crave leave (if it might be without offence) to speake something in 
their behalf, having no other design therein than that the truth 
may appear. We can truly give this Testimony of the most of 
them belonging to this town that have been accused that they 
never save the least occasion as we hear of to their nearest rela- 
tions or most intimate acquaintances to suspect them of witch- 
craft. Several of the women that are accused were members of 
the church in full communion, and had obtained a good report 
for their blameless conversation and their walking as becometh 
women professing godliness ; but whereas it may be alledged that 
the most of our people that have been apprehended for witchcraft 
have upon examination confessed it. To which we answer that 
we have nothing to plead for those that freely and upon conviction 
own themselves guilty ; but we apprehend the case of some of 
them to be otherwise ; for from the information we have had and 
the discourse some of us have had with the Prisoners, we have 
reason to think that the extream urgency that was used with some 
of them by their friends and others who privately examined them, 
and the fear they were then under hath been an inducement to 
them to own such things as we cannot since find they are conscious 
of. And the truth of what we now declare we judge will in time 
more plainly appear. And some of them have exprest to their 
neighbors that it hath been their great trouble that they have 
wronged themselves and the truth in their confessions. 

" We are also very sensible of the distressed condition of several 
poor families on whom this great trouble is fallen. Some of our 
neighbors are likely to be impoverished or ruined by the great 
charge they are at to maintain such of their families as are in 
Prison, and by the fees that are demanded of them, whose case 
we pray may be considered. 

" Our troubles which have hitherto been great we foresee are 
likely to continue and increase ; if other methods be not taken 
than as yet have been ; for there are more of our neighbors of 
good reputation and integrity who are still accused and we know 
not who can think himself safe, if the accusation of children and' 

ment the afflicted were gifted with supernatural powers of seeing the cause of dis- 
eases and those who caused their own affliction. 



228 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



others who are under Diabolicall influence shall be received against 
persons of good fame." ^ 

The petition 2 is signed with twenty-six names: Francis 
Dane, Sen. ; Thomas Barnard ; John Osgood ; Thomas John- 
son, and others. 

A letter,^ written about the same time by Mr. Brattle of 
Boston, giving a " Full and Candid Account of the Delusion 
called Witchcraft," shows that this was the date of Mr. Brad- 
street's seclusion and also rehearses in full the story of " poor 
Andover." It is perhaps the fullest contemporary account of 
the delusion in this town. It is not improbable that Mr, 
Dane's influence had something to do with its writing : — 

" Oct. 8, 1692. 

" . . . . This consulting of these afflicted children about their 
sick was the unhappy beginning of the unhappy troubles at poor 
Andover. Horse and man were sent to Salem village from the 
said Andover for some of the said afflicted and more than one or 
two of them were carried down to see Ballard's wife and to tell 
who it was that did afflict her. I understood that the said B. took 
advice before he took this method but what pity was it that he 
should meet with and hearken to such bad counsellors. Poor An- 
dover does now rue the day that ever the afflicted went among 
them ; they lament their folly and are an object of great pity and 
commiseration. Capt. B. and Mr. St. [Stevens (?) ] are complained 
of by the afflicted, have left the town and do abscond. Deacon 
Fry's wife, Capt. Osgood's wife and some others remarkably pious 
and good people in repute are apprehended and imprisoned and 
that which is more admirable the forementioned women are be- 
come a kind of confessors, being first brought thereto by the urg. 
ings and arguings of their good husbands, who having taken up 
that corrupt and highly pernicious opinion that whosoever were ac- 
cused by the afflicted were guilty did break charity with their dear 
wives upon their being accused and urge them to confess their 
guilt, which so far prevailed with them as to make them say they 
were afraid of their being in the snare of the devil and which 
through the rude and barbarous methods (you may possibly think 
that my terms are too severe, but should I tell you what a kind of 

1 The charge of being under the influence of Satan, it will be noted, is here 
brought against the accusers, and it had the designed effect in reversing the 
popular sentiment. 

2 Essex County Court Records, 
8 Mass. Hist. Soc. Collections. 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 229 

blade was employed in bringing these women to their confessions ; 
what methods from damnation were taken ; what violence used ; 
how unseasonably they were kept up ; what buzzings and chuck- 
ings of the head were used and the like, I am sure that you would 
call them as I do rude and barbarous methods) that were afterward 
used at Salem, issued in somewhat plainer degrees of confession 
and were attended with imprisonment : The good deacon and Cap- 
tain are now sensible of the error they were in ; do grieve and 
mourn bitterly that they should break their charity with their wives 
and urge them to confess themselves witches. They now see and 
acknowledge their rashness and uncharitableness and are very fit 
objects for the pity and prayers of every good Christian, Now I 
am writing concerning Andover I cannot omit the opportunity to 
send you this information, that whereas there is a report spread 
abroad the country how that they were much addicted to sorcery 
in the said town and that there were forty men in it that could 
raise the devil as well as any astrologer and the like ; after the 
best search that I can make into it, it proves a mere slander and a 
very unrighteous imputation. 

The Rev. Elders ^ of the said place were much surprised upon 
their hearing of the said report and faithfully made inquiry about 
it, but the whole of naughtiness that they could discover and find 
out was only this that two or three girls had foolishly made use of 
the sieve and scissors as children have done in other towns. This 
method of the girls I do not justify in any measure ; but yet I 
think it very hard and unreasonable that a town should lie under 
the blemish and scandal of sorceries and conjuration merely for 
the inconsiderate practices of two or three girls in the said town. 
But although the chief judge and some of the other judges be 
verj' zealous in these proceedings yet this you may take for a truth 
that there are several about the Bay, men for understanding, judg- 
ment and piety inferior to few if any in New England that do ut- 
terly condemn the said proceedings and do deliver their judgment 
in the case to be this that these methods will utterly ruin and undo 
poor New England. I shall nominate some of these to you." .... 

Among the magistrates whom he names as disapproving 
the action of the Court of Oyer and Terminer in the trials 
was the " Hon. Simon Bradstreet our Late Governor." 

The petition made of the Andover people seems not to have 
had the desired effect to secure the removal of the prisoners 
to their homes. 

1 Mr. Dane and his colleague Mr. Barnard. 



230 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

On the sixth of December, another petition was made by 
several inhabitants of Andover saying that their "wives have 
been exposed to great sufferings which daily increase by rea- 
son of the winter coming on and they are in extream danger of 
perishing, and the petitioners beg that their friends maybe per- 
mitted to come home on such terms as your honors may judge 
meet." They offer to give bonds for the appearance of the 
prisoners whenever called for. This appeal and the sufferings 
of the prisoners could hardly fail to move compassion. To- 
ward the last of December, the work of removing the prison- 
ers home began. At that season of the year and with the 
scanty means of conveyance, even the journey to Salem and 
back to Andover was attended with no slight discomfort. 

The following persons gave bonds for prisoners removed : — 

December 20, Dea. John Frye and Mr, John Osgood, for the 
appearance of Mary Osgood and Eunice Frye. 

In October John Osgood and Nathaniel Dane had taken 
into custody the bodies of the children Dorothy and Abigail 
Faulkner, and January 13th, Francis Faulkner and John Mar- 
ble gave bonds for their appearance. January 13th, John Os- 
good and John Barker gave bonds for William Barker and 
Mary Barker. 

Francis Johnson and Walter Wright gave bonds for Stephen 
Johnson, about thirteen years old ; Abigail Johnson about 
eleven years, Sarah Carrier about eight years. The same 
persons also gave bonds, five hundred pounds sterling, for 
John Sawdey, about thirteen years. This was a very large 
bond, two hundred pounds being the largest commonly paid. 
Hopestil Tyler and Jno. Bridges gave bonds for Martha Ty- 
ler and Joanna Tyler. 

The efforts in behalf of those prisoners who were not al- 
lowed to be removed, had been so far successful that Governor 
Phipps ordered a session for the third of January of a " Court 
of Assizes and General Goal Delivery." The Court of Oyer 
and Terminer, before which the trials in the summer had been 
conducted, had then ceased to exist. The object of this court 
was to give verdict on the cases of those still in the jail and 
release the innocent from their confinement. Those in the 
foregoing list of names marked " not guilty " were the per- 
sons cleared at this court. 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 23 I 

To attend this court as jurors four citizens of Andover were 
chosen.i The following is the warrant and return : — 

"These are in their Majestys names to Require you forthwith 
to assemble the free-holders and others the Inhabitants of your 
Towne who are hereby also required to choose foure good and 
LawfuU men of the same towne, each whereof to have a real estate 
of forty shillinf^s per annum or a personal estate of fifty pounds, 
to serve as Jurors. Two upon the Grand Jury and two upon the 
Jury of Trj-alls at a Court of Assizes and General Goal Delivery 
to be held at Salem for the County of Essex on Tuesday the third 
day of January next ensuing the days of the date hereof, which 
psons so chosen you are to summons to Attend the said Court by 
nine of the clock in the morning of y'' said Day, and make returne 
hereof with the names of said p'sons the day before the said Court 
and hereof not to faile. 

" Dated in Boston the Twenty-third Day of December 1692. 
«'To THE Constables of Andover or) j^^^^^ Elarson, Clerk:' 

EITHER OF THEM. ' 

" In obedience unto this Above Riten Warant I have assembled 
the ffreeholders & others the Inhabitants of our Town Togither 
•Si they have chosen Joseph Marble sener & henry holt senr, ffor 
the grand jury & Left Christopher Osgood & Saml Osgood senr 
for the jury of Tryalls for s"* above mentioned Cort & have sum- 
oned them to Apeare according to Warents. 

Ephraim Foster, Constable:^ 

The Rev. Mr. Dane addressed to this court a bold and firm 
but respectful letter, designed nominally to exculpate the 
town of Andover from blame, but really to condemn and dis- 
credit the " spectre-evidence " so largely relied on as ground 
of condemnation. It is a paper of special interest.^ 

"Whereas there have been divers reports raysed, how and by 
what hands I know not, of the Towne of Andover and the Inhab- 
itants, I thought it my bounden duty to give an account to others 
so farr as I had the understanding of anything amongst us. There- 
fore doe declare that I believe the reports have been scandalous 
and unjust, neither will bear y^ light. As for that of the sieve and 
scissors, I never heard of it till this last summer, and the Sabbath 
after I spake publickly concerning it, since which I believe it 
hath not been tryed. As for such things of charms and wayes to 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. cxxxv., p. 92. 

2 Essex County Court Papers, " Witchcraft," vol. i., p. 142. 



232 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

find their cattle I never heard, nor doe I know any neighbors that 
ever did so, neither have I any grounds to believe it. I have lived 
above Fortie foure yeares in the Towne and have been frequent 
among y" Inhabitants and in my healthfull yeares oft at their habi- 
tations and should certainly heard if so it had been. That there 
was a suspicion of Goodwife Carrier among some of us, before she 
was apprehended I know ; as for any other persons I had no sus- 
picion of them and had charity been put on, the Devil would not 
have had such advantage against us ; and I believe many Innocent 
persons have been accused & Imprisoned ; y'' conceit of spectre 
evidence as an infallible mark did too far prevaill with us. Hence 
we so easily parted with our neighbors of an honest & good report 
& members in full communion ; hence we so easily parted with our 
children when we knew nothing in their lives nor any of our neigh- 
bors to suspect them, and thus things were hurried on ; hence such 
strange breaches in families ; severall that came before me that spake 
with much sobrietie, professing their innocency, though through 
the devil's subtilty they were too much urged to confesse and we 
thought we did doe well in so doing ; yet they stood their ground, 
professing their innocency ; . . . . that they knew nothing ; never 
saw y* devile, never made a covenant with him & y^ like & some 
children that we have cause to feare that dread has overcome 
them to accuse themselves in that they knew not. Stephen John- 
son, Mary Barker y" daughter of Leftenant Barker and some others 
by what we had from them with suitable assertions, we have 
come to believe they were in the truth and so held to it; if after 
many endeavors they had not been overcome to say what they 
never knew. This hath been a trouble to me, considering how 
oft it hath been sayd 'you are a witch,' 'you are guilty and who 
afflicts this maid,' or the like & more than this hath been said 
charging persons with witchcraft, and what flatteries have past 
from and threats and telling them they must goe to prison for 
it, &:c., I feare have caused many to fall. Our sinne of Ignorance 
wherein we thought we did well will not excuse us, when we know 
we did amiss ; but whatever might be a stumbling block to others 
must be removed, else we shall procure divine displeasure & evill 
will unavoidably brake in upon us. 

" Your s' who am a friend though unworthie to them y' are 
friends to Sion. Francis Dane, senr." 

" Andovef, 1 Jan. 2, '92. 

1 This was 1693. The year did not begin till March, according to the old style 
of reckoning. 



WITCHCRAFT AT AN DOVER. 233 

" Concerning my daughter Elizabeth Johnson I never had ground 
to suspect her, neither have I heard any other accuse her, till by 
spectre evidence she was brought forth ; but this I must say, she was 
weake and incapacious, fearfull, and in that respect I feare she 
hath falsely accused herself & others. Not long before she was 
sent for, she spake as to her owne particular that she was sure she 
was no witch, and for her Daughter Elizabeth she is but simplish 
at y^ best, and I feare the common speech that was frequently 
spread among us, of their liberty, if they would confesse and the 
like expression used by some have brought many into a snare. 
The Lord direct & guide those that are in place and give us all 
submissive wills & let the Lord doe with me and mine what seems 
good in his own eyes." 

Mr. Dane also wrote to his brother ministers condemning 
in strong terms the belief in spectre-evidence, and all this, 
combined with the influence of Mr. Simon Bradstreet, now 
one of the Assistants to Governor Phipps, helped to effect a 
change in the public sentiment and embolden to further effort. 
When the Court of Assize was held, a petition signed by fifty 
inhabitants of Andover was presented. It bore the names of 
thirty-eight men and twelve women : — 

" To THE Honoured Court of Assize held at Salem, the 
Hiwible Address of Several of the Inhabitants of Afidover: May it 
please this Honored Court, we being sensible of the great suffer- 
ings our neighbors have been long under in prison and charitably 
judging that many of them are clear of that great transgression 
which hath been laid to their charge have thought it our duty to 
endeavor their vindication as far as our testimony for them will 
avail. The persons in whose behalf we are desired and concerned 
to speak something at present are Mrs. Mary Osgood, Eunice Frye, 
Deliverance Dane, Sarah Wilson, and Abigail Barker, who are 
women of whom we can truly give this character and commenda- 
tion that they have not only lived among us so inoffensively as not 
to give the least occasion to any that know them to suspect them 
of witchcraft, but by their sober, godly and exemplary conversation 
have obtained a good report in the place where they have been 
well esteemed and approved in the church of which they are 
members. 

" We were surprised to hear that persons of known integrity and 
piety were accused of so horrid a crime, not considering then that 



234 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the most innocent were liable to be so misrepresented and abused. 
When these women were accused by some afflicted, persons of the 
neighborhood their relations and others, though they had so good 
grounds of charity that they should not have thought any evil of 
them ; yet, through a misrepresentation of the truth of that evi- 
dence that was so much credited and improved against people, 
took great pains to persuade them to own what they were by the 
afflicted charged with and indeed did unreasonably urge them to 
confess themselves guilty, as some of us who were then present can 
testify. But these good women did very much assert their inno- 
cency ; yet some of them said they were not without fear lest Satan 
had some way ensnared them because there was that evidence 
against them which then was by many thought to be a certain indi- 
cation and discovery of witchcraft; yet they seriously professed 
they knew nothing by themselves of that nature. Nevertheless by 
the unwearied solicitations of those that privately discovered them 
both at home and at Salem they were at length persuaded publicly 
to own what they were charged with, and so submit to that guilt 
which we still hope and believe they are clear of. And it is prob- 
able that fear of what the event might be and the encouragement 
that it is said was suggested to them, that Confessing was the only 
way to obtain favor might be too powerful a temptation to timorous 
women to withstand in the hurry and distraction that we have heard 
they were then in. Had what they said against themselves pro- 
ceeded from conviction of the fact we should have had nothing to 
have said for them ; but we are induced to think that it did not, 
because they did soon privately retract what they had said, as we 
are informed, and while they were in prison they declared to such 
as they had confidence to speak freely and plainly to that they were 
not guilty of what they had owned and that what they had said 
against themselves was the greatest grief and burden they labored 
under. 

" Now though we cannot but judge it a thing very sinful for in- 
nocent persons to own a crime they are not guilty of, yet consider- 
ing the well-ordered conversation of those women while they lived 
among us, and what they now seriously and constantly affirm in a 
more composed frame, we cannot but in charity judge them inno- 
cent of the great transgression that hath been imputed to them. 
As for the rest of our neighbors who are under the like circum- 
stances with these that have been named, we can truly say of them, 
that while they lived among us we have had no cause to judge 
them such persons as of late they have been represented to be, nor 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 235 

do we know that any of their neighbors had any just grounds to 
suspect them of that evil thing they are now charged with. 

Dudley Bradstreet. 

Francis Dane, senr. 

Thomas Barnard, and others." 

A carefully prepared petition signed by the accused women 
was also presented. This related the history of their arrest 
and trial ; explained why they were ever led to confess, 
etc. : — 

". . . . Our nearest and dearest relations seeing us in that 
dreadful condition and knowing our great danger apprehended 
there was no other way to save our lives. . . . f Indeed that con- 
fession that it is said we made was no other than what was sug- 
gested to us by some gentlemen, they telling us that we were 
witches and they knew it and tve knew it, which made us think that 
it was so, and our understanding, our reason, our faculties almost 
gone, we were not capable of judging our condition. As also the 
hard measures they used with us rendered us incapable of making 
our defence, but said anything and everything which they desired, 
and with most of us what we said was but in effect a consenting to 
what they said." 

The petition further says that, when the prisoners refused 
to confess, they were told to think of the fate of Wardwell 
who renounced his confession, and to remember that they 
would " goe after him." 

The effect of these petitions on the court and the public, 
joined to the unwearied exertions of the Rev. Francis Dane, 
by private letters and solicitations to induce the clergy to dis- 
credit and condemn " spectre evidence," produced a strong 
reaction. Only a few persons were condemned in the trials 
of January, 1693, and these condemnations were, it is evident, 
simply for form's sake. The Andover prisoners released un- 
der bonds were not summoned to appear till May, just before 
the proclamation to open the prison doors and let the accused 
go free. Effectually to put an end to the delusion, and en- 
sure the safety of the released, action for slander was brought 
against some of the accusers. These now doubly " afflicted " 
unfortunates, from having been objects of sensational curi- 
osity and sympathy, became victims of public reproach and 



236 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

odium. It was believed by many that they had been actu- 
ated by malicious motives, or instigated by the devil, to make 
the false charges. 

One of these afflicted girls, Ann Putnam, of Salem (who 
had been at Andover, and had accused several citizens of the 
town of tormenting her, and Elizabeth Johnson of afflicting 
her with a spear), repented long and bitterly of her " sin." 
She was only twelve years of age at the time of the witch- 
craft, and Avhen at twenty she sought refuge and peace of 
mind in the consolations and shelter of the church, her con- 
science (and probably the church officers) would not permit 
her to become a member until she had endured the humilia- 
tion of a public confession of her sin in the witchcraft ac- 
cusations. Before the great congregation, which crowded to 
see and hear, she stood and gave her assent to the statement 
read by the minister : — 

"I desire to lie in the dust and to be humbled for it and ear- 
nestly beg forgiveness of God and from all those unto whom I have 
given just cause of offence whose relatives have been taken away 
or accused." 

The indignation against the accusers, and the popular 
clamor for their punishment, seems in one of its aspects, al- 
most as senseless as that had been against the accused ; for 
it was really a renewal of the charge of witchcraft, now ac- 
cusing the afflicted of having been influenced by the devil 
to make their first accusations. But the magistrates and 
ministers had no mind to re-open the question of Satanic 
agency, or possession of persons by evil spirits. Who was 
guilty and who was innocent, the wisest men in the colony 
thought best to leave to the judgments of Heaven and each 
man's own conscience. 

How the good Judge Sewall viewed the part which he had 
taken in condemning the accused, and his yearly confession 
of the sin before the church, every reader of the colonial his- 
tory knows. It is related by the poet who has immortalized 
so many New England names : — 

" Touching and sad a tale is told, 
Like a penitent hymn of the Psalmist old, 



WITCHCRAFT AT ANDOVER. 237 

Of the fast which the good man life long kept 

With a haunting sorrow that never slept, 

As the circling year brought round the time 

Of an error that left the sting of crime, 

When he sat on the bench of the witchcraft Courts 

With the laws of Moses and Hale's Reports, 

And spake, in the name of both, the word, 

That gave the witch's neck to the cord, 

And piled the oaken planks that pressed 

The feeble life from the warlock's breast." 

One relic of the witchcraft delusion remains at North An- 
dover, — the gravestone of a man who was said to have died 
by witchcraft : — 

Timothy Swan,^ 

Died February y* 2 1692 

And in y* 30 year of his Age. 

Some ten or more persons confessed to having " tortured, 
afflicted, consumed, wasted," this man. Three or four at a 
lime, their spectres stood at his bedside and tortured him 
with iron spindles, pins, tobacco pipe, etc. 

Andover as a community (both North and South Parishes), 
from that time to this, has been remarkably free from delu- 
sions and slow to be carried away by excitements, or fright- 
ened into panics. 

As late as 1742 the church at Salem began to be again 
disturbed by such agitations, and at a church-meeting it was 
voted " that for Christians to seek to and consult reputed 
witches or fortune tellers is highly impious and scandalous." 

But no such disposition appeared at Andover. Whether 
the experience of 1692 has served as a warning, or whether 
the fortresses of theology frowning down from the Hill have 
intimidated spiritual foes, or whether spectres yet appear on 
occasion to belated students and others, — Ichabod Cranes, 
along the lonely paths of Pomp's Pond, and the by-ways of 
Den Rock, and the roads by the Shawshin, or whether aerial 
broomsticks ever are visible to the young folks in their rides 
at eventide around Five-mile Pond, we leave to those who 
are versed in " witchcraft "to discover. 

1 The Swan family were of Haverhill, but attended the North Church of An- 
dover. Haverhill included a part of Methuen and a part of Lawrence. 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE PART OF ANDOVER IN THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 

In the wars with the Indians during the first century of 
Andover's history, the colony had received little help from 
the mother country, but had planned and carried forward ex- 
peditions according to its own pleasure and largely at its 
own expense. But the series of wars which began with the 
second century, and continued till near the Revolutionary 
disturbances, were carried on by the joint operations of the 
British and the Provincial governments. » The possession of 
the country called by the French, Acadie (Nova Scotia), 
which, they claimed, extended to the Kennebec River, was 
stoutly contested by the rival nations in the war which oc- 
cupied the five years from 1744 to 1749. This war was con- 
ducted for the Province by Governor Shirley ; Louisburg and 
Annapolis as the keys of Acadie, and Crown Point as the 
key of Canada, were the points aimed at. The two former 
were taken by the English, the latter attempted, but not 
taken, when the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle put an end to the 
hostilities, and by its terms of mutual restoration of con- 
quered territory, left the two nations in America just where 
they were before the waste of blood and treasure. During 
this war the captains in the militia,^ at Andover, were Capt. 
Timothy Johnson, Capt. George Abbot, Capt. Joseph Sibson, 
Capt. Nathaniel Fry, Capt. James Stevens. 

Capt. James Stevens commanded a company in the expedi- 
tion to Cape Breton, in which Louisburg was captured. James 
Fry, afterward Lieutenant-colonel at Crown Point, 1756, 
and Colonel in the Revolution, was at the taking of Louis- 
burg, and he at the battle of Bunker Hill rallied his men by 
reminiscences of that anniversary — the 17th of June, 1745 : 

1 See town officers, also parish officers in town and parish records. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 239 

" This day thirty years I was at the taking of Louisburg 
when it was surrendered to us ; it was a fortunate day for 
America, we shall certainly beat the enemy." Colonel, after- 
ward General, Joseph Fry, also began ^ in this war his long 
and brilliant career of military service. 

The town records present the following register of deaths 
** in the king's service : " — 

" 1745. yune 14. Benj. son of John & Ruth Frie died at Lewis- 
burg, in the king's service. He was shot with a gun and died. 

'"''Aug. 27. Samuel Farnum Jr. in the king's service at Lewis- 
burg. 

'"'Sept. 12. Ephraim son of Joseph & Sarah Barker in the king's 
service at Lewisburg. 

" Oct. I. Andrew son of Andrew & Hannah Johnson at Lewis- 
burg in the king's service. 

" Oct. 25. Jonathan son of Joseph & Sarah Chandler at Lewis- 
burg in the king's service with sickness in the place. 

" Oct. 29. David son of Andrew & Hannah Johnson at Lewis- 
burg in the king's service. 

^^ Nov. 3. Isaac son of Thomas & Hannah Abbott with sickness 
in the king's service aged 28 yrs. 8 mo. & 21 days. 

'■^ Nov. 12, Francis son of John & Sarah Dane died with sick- 
ness in the king's service at Lewisburg in the 20"^ yr of his age. 

" Dec. 15. Andrew Allen the son of Andrew & Mary Allen with 
sickness in the king's service at Lewisburg. 

" 1746. jfan. 4. Benj. son of Christopher & Martha Carlton 
died with sickness in the king's service at Lewisburg in the 20"^ 
year of his age. 

^^ yan. 29. Joseph son of Noah & Mary Marble died with sick- 
ness in the king's service at Lewisburg.- 

"y<2;z. 31. Philip son of Ebenezer & Elizabeth Abbot died with 
sickness in the king's service at Lewisburg. 

"Feb. 18. Isaac son of Philemon & Elizabeth Chandler died 
with sickness in the king's service at Lewisburg in the 19th year of 
his age. 

^^ Mar. 21. Jonathan Darlin at Lewisburg with sickness." 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxiii., p. 737. 

2 Rev. Samuel Chandler, of York, in his Journal, May 12, 1745, alluding to 
a visit to his native town, speaks of this death : " Went up to uncle Marble's. 
They are mourning for their son who died at Louisburg ; tarried there half an 
hour and got to father's at 9 o'clock." 



240 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

'* April 26. Jacob Martin son of Joseph & Mary Martin who was 
in the kings service at Lewisburg came sick from thence to Boston 
& died April 26, 1746. 

" Dec. 16. Timothy Johnson Jr. died with sickness in the king's 
service at Lewisburg." 

For the " famous victory," which cost so much loss of life, 
great rejoicings were had. In the old South Church, in Bos- 
ton, the Rev. Mr. Prince preached a sermon entitled : " Ex- 
traordinary Events the Doings of God and Marvellous in 
Pious eyes." 

Some of the Andover company who were in the expedi- 
tion, and the relatives of those who died, subsequently peti- 
tioned the State for a reward of their services, in the form of 
a grant of land in the county of York : — 

"To His Honor Spencer Phipps,^ Esq., Lieut. Governor and 
Commander in Chief in a?id over His Majesty's Province of the Mas- 
sachusetts Bay in New Enghuid : To the Honble His Majesty's 
Council and House of Representatives in General Court 
Assembled, Nov. 22, 17^1. 

" The Petition of us the subscribers Inhabitants of the Town of 
Andover & other towns in the County of Essex & Middlesex who 
were most of us in the expedition against Cape Breton and the Rest 
the Representatives of others who lost their lives in s'd. expedition. 

" Most humbly sheweth that when the Legislature of the Prov- 
ince thought an expedition against said Place was of y' utmost 
Importance, and had Resolved therein, we with the utmost cheerful- 
ness engaged to serve the Interest of our king and country, appre- 
hending, if the expedition should fail, the enemy would gain upon 
us, they having (at the Commencement of the War) taken & burnt 
the habitations of the English at Canso which filled us with appre- 
hension our frontiers were likely to share the same fate, for the 
prevention of which we engaged as aforesaid. And we humbly 
hope our doing so with the view we had will Recommend us to 
your Honorable regards. And as your Honour and Honours in your 
wisdom manifest that the cultivation of our unimproved lands is of 
the highest importance to the well-being of the country and with 
grief behold the neglect thereof by those to whom lands have been 
granted for that purpose we beg leave to sympathyze with you and 
to say we desire ever to be profitable members of the common- 
1 Governer Shirley was in England from 1749 to 1753. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 241 

wealth and in order we might further shew ourselves such, humbl}- 
pray your Hon'r and Honours in Consequence of our Service afore- 
said and Desire to be still serviceable would grant us a Township 
of the unappropriated Lands of this Government somewhere in the 
County of York which if your Hon. & Hon'rs should see cause to 
do we expect to submit to such Injunctions as you think proper to 
Lay upon us. James Stevens, 

James Frye, 
[and fifty-six other signers.] 
"The Committee to whom was referred the Petition of Capt. 
James Stevens & others, officers and soldiers & the Representatives 
of soldiers who were in the expedition against Cape Breton Praying 
for a Township of Land in the County of York in consequence of 
their Service in said expedition Have taken the same under Con- 
sideration and agreed to Report that a Township of the Contents 
of Six miles square on the Northwestern side of the line from Se- 
bago Pond to the head of Berwick Boundary North Easterly on 
Saco River as near opposite the Township Granted to Capt. Moses 
Peirson & Capt. Humphrey Hobbs & their company as the land 

will admit of Granted to said James Stevens .... on 

conditions that they take associates of the Cape Breton Soldiers, 
not excluding representatives of those who are dead so as to make 
the whole number of grantees one hundred and twenty," etc. 

The other conditions provided for a suitable Meeting-house 
"for the publick worship of God," to be built in the town- 
ship, and a " learned Protestant Minister of Good Conversa- 
tion to be settled," also for schools. 

The renewal of European quarrels, and the mutual jeal- 
ousies of the English and French colonies, in respect to the 
territory of the New World, after a brief respite of scarcely 
four years, again revived the desolating wars. Great num- 
bers of troops were sent over frorh England, and from them 
the provincial officers gained knowledge of military tactics, 
which in later years they turned to account against their 
teachers. 

Governor Shirley returned from England, 1753, and at 

once took measures for prosecuting the war. In June, 1754, 

Richard Saltonstall, John Osgood, Jr., Richard Saltonstall, 

Jr., were appointed to administer the oaths to the soldiers 

and officers enlisted for the Fourth Regiment of Militia, in 

16 



242 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



Essex County, September 12, 1754. They made returns^ of 



the following names of officers : — 

Captain James Frye. 
Capt. Daniel Bodwell. 
Capt. John Foster. 
Capt. John Abbot, Jr. 
Capt. Isaac Adams. 
Lieut. Saml. Johnson, Jr. 
Lieut. Francis Swan. 
Lieut. Nathan Chandler. 



Lieut. John Farnum, Jr. 
Lieut. Joseph Hovey. 
Ensign John Pearson. 
Ensign Benj. Berry. 
Ensign Nathan Messer. 
Ensign Asa Stevens. 
Ensign George Abbot, Jr. 



The following is a copy of the commission of Capt. John 
Abbot, 1754: — 



Province of the 





WILLIAM SHIRLE V, Efq ; 

Captain-General and Governour in 
Chief, in and over His Majesty's 
Province of the Maffachujetts-Bay in 
New-England, &c. 

To John Abbott, Jun."^ Gent" Greeting. 



Y Virtue of the Power and Authority, 
in and by His Majefty's Royal Com- 
miffion to Me granted to be Captain- 
General, &>€. over this His Majefty's 
Province of the Maffachufetts-Bay, 
aforefaid; I do (by thefe Prefents) repofmg 
efpecial Trufl and Confidence in your Loy- 
alty, Courage and good Conduct, conftitute 
and appoint You the faid John Abbott Cap- 
tain of the second Foot-Company in the Town 
of Andover in the fourth Regiment of Militia 
in the County of Effex whereof Rich'\ Salton- 
ftall Esq.'' is Colonel 

You are therefore carefully and diligently to dif- 
charge the Duty of a Captain in leading, ordering 
and exercifing faid Company in Arms, both inferiour 
Officers and Soldiers, and to keep them in good 

Mass. Archives, vol. " Military," 1754-1755- 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 243 

Order and Difcipline ; hereby commanding them to 
obey you as their Captain and your felf to obferve 
and follow fuch Orders and Inflruclions, as you fliall 
from Time to Time receive from Me, or the Com- 
mander in Chief for the Time being, or other your 
fuperiour Officers for His Majefty's Service, accord- 
ing to military Rules and Difcipline, purfuant to 
the Truft repofed in You. 

Given under My Hand <5^» Seal at Anns at Bos- 
ton, the second Day of July In the twenty 
eighth Year of the Reign of His Majefly 
King George the Second, Annoq ; Domini, 

1754- 
By His Excellency's W. Shirley. 

Command, 

J. WiLLARD. 

When he received this and took the oath of fidelity to 
the King, George II., he little thought that he should live to 
see filed with the commission, twenty years later, another 
constituting his son captain of a company to bear arms 
against King George III. But the two commissions are 
tied up together, as their owners probably left them. 

During the summer of 1754, Governor Shirley, accompa- 
nied by General Winslow, in command of five hundred men, 
made an expedition to the Kennebec River, and inspected 
the forts and built new ones. An Andover soldier, who was 
in the company, has left a memorial of his services ^ : — 

" The Petition of Daniel Mooar of Andover most humbly shew- 
eth that his son Jacob Mooar went on the expedition to the eastern 
frontiers the summer past under the command of Major Genl. 
Winslow and came home sick which continued for thirty days after 
his arrival and then he Died. During which time your petitioner 
was put to expenses to Doctors and nursing, &c., as will appear by 
the accounts herewith exhibited which he humbly prays your excel- 
lency and Honors he may be allowed, and as in Duty bound will 
ever pray. Daniel Mooar." 

The petitioner was allowed the amount which he asked 

^ Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxiv., p. 321. 



244 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF A A- DOVER. 

for, namely, four pounds four shillings. Indeed, it may here 
be said that almost all the many petitions and memorials 
presented in the course of this chapter received the favorable 
attention which they prayed for. 

In the spring of 1755, four expeditions were planned : one, 
that of the ill-fated General Braddock against Fort Du Quesne, 
one to Lakes George and Champlain and Fort Crown Point, 
one to Oswego, and one to Nova Scotia. Of the latter, Gen- 
eral Winslow took command, and was completely successful. 
He captured the enemy's strongholds, and reduced the Prov- 
ince of Acadie to subjection. Maj. Joseph Fry of Andover 
was in command of a part of the force under General Wins- 
low. A considerable number of the privates in the expedi- 
tion were from Andover, either natives or residents of the 
town. 

Several petitions of soldiers who were sufferers from this 
expedition are found. 

One is for Jonathan Parker,^ in Capt. Edmund More's com- 
pany in Colonel Bagley's regiment. He had been, with other 
invalids, sent back to Boston, and there taken sick with " a 
Feaver," and remained "in a very poor state of health." 

Another petition was as follows (the summary of it made 
in the journals of the House of Representatives) : — 

" 1755, yune 4. A petition of John Granger and Enoch Poor of 
Andover in the County of Essex, soldiers in the late expedition 
under the command of Major General Winslow, setting forth that 
they were employed in cutting Timber, &c., for the building Fort 
Halifax, for which they were promised one shilling and four pence 
per day, but that their account of Labour was never rendered by 
reason of the sickness and death of Capt. Fox: therefore praying 
that they may receive the wages due to them for their said ser- 
vice." 

The sufferings undergone by the colonists in prosecuting 
these wars of the mother country were extreme, not only in 
their actual military service, but in their taxation and in the 
generally unsettled condition of the country, which was in a 
perpetual commotion of military musterings, impressments, 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxix., p. 721. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 245 

etc., and with the burden of many sick and disabled soldiers. 
We are used to thinking of the Revolutionary period as one 
of stir in military matters, but perhaps we do not fully real- 
ize how largely war and its attendant evils interfered with 
the prosperity of the province and the towns in the thirty 
years before the Revolution. Nor were the colonies of Eng- 
lish settlement the only sufferers in these quarrels of the rival 
nations of the old world. Some of the Acadians who took 
no part of the fighting, but professed to be neutral, met with 
a hard fate. Their neutrality was viewed with suspicion ; it 
being at best compulsory, and they being bound by ties of 
blood and religion to the cause of the enemy. Therefore, to 
prevent all trouble from them, they were taken from their 
homes, put on board vessels, and sent off to all parts of the 
States to spend in exile a wretched existence ; families sun- 
dered, children sent to one town, parents to another, accord- 
ing as they chanced to be separated on board the vessels to 
which they were driven at the point of the bayonet. The 
story of some of these Acadians is known to every reader 
through the poet's tale of " Evangeline," a story of Grand 
Pre. 

After the villagers had been driven out, their houses were 
set on fire, and as they sailed away, they saw the flames of 
their beloved homes redden the skies. In the destruction of 
the Acadian villages, the force under Major Frye took an 
active part. From all that can be gathered in regard to him, 
it would seem that this officer was a humane and remarkably 
tender-hearted man, and this military duty which he was 
called upon to perform must have been exceedingly repug- 
nant to his feelings. He was ordered ^ to burn buildings, over 
two hundred and fifty houses from which the owners had 
been removed, and to bring off the few women and children 
that remained. The wretched people had for the most part 
submitted with little resistance ; but when they saw their 
houses of worship in flames, some three hundred French and 
Indians, who were concealed in the woods, came upon our 
forces and killed twenty or thirty before they realized that an 
enemy was near. 

^ See Haliburton's History of Nova Scotia 



246 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

The dislike and distrust felt toward the poor Acadians in 
Massachusetts was very great, owing to the prejudice against 
their nation and their religion. This appears in an address 
presented to the Governor, deprecating their residence here, 
especially their being quartered in Boston : " The receiving 
among us so great a number of persons whose gross bigotry 
to the Roman Catholick religion is notorious and whose loy- 
alty to his Majesty is suspected is a thing very disagreeable 
to us." 

When the Acadians were sent to the various towns, the se- 
lectmen were ordered to bind out to service all children for 
whom pla«ces could be found. Thus, many were torn from 
their parents and put to serve hard task masters and to per- 
form heavy toils. In the execution of these, perhaps, in the 
circumstances, inevitable orders, instances of great inhumanity 
occurred, actual violence being used to separate parents and 
children. One aged man (not, however, of Andover) peti- 
tioned the General Court, stating his sufferings at the hands 
of town officers, that his hands and feet were tied and he was 
nearly strangled to prevent his running after and calling out 
to his children who were carried away. 

Some of these Acadians drew up a petition ^ to the Gen- 
eral Court, praying for a redress of their grievances. It is 
signed by persons from Chelmsford, Waltham, Oxford, Con- 
cord, Worcester, and Andover. The signers from Andover 
were Jacques Esbert^ and Joseph Vincent : — 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. xxiii., p. 49. 

- The Andover officials, spelling according to the spoken pronunciation, wrote 
this name " Jockey Bear." Also, after a time the Acadians adopted the An- 
glicized name. A curious instance of this corruption and changing of names is 
related in the journal of Col. Joseph Adams. His uncle, Dr. Isaac Adams, had 
a serving boy whose name was Thomas Blumpy. His family name in England 
was Whitefoot. They removed to France and were called Blancpied. They 
came to America and in the Yankee tongue this French surname became Blumpy, 
which was written as pronounced, and finally adopted by the owners of the name 
as their orthography. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 247 

" A SON Excellence Le Gouverneur General de la province 
DE Massachusetts Bay de La Nouvelle Engleterre et au 
honorable Gentilhommes du Conseile. 

" Nous avons pris la liberte de vous presenter cette Requeste, 
comme nous sonimes en chagrin par Rapart a nos enfans. La perte 
que nous avons souffris de nos habitations et d'etre amene' icy, et 
nos separations Les un des autres n'est Rien a Compare a cell que 
nous trouvon a present, que de prendre nos enfants par force de- 
vant nos yeux. La nature mesme ne peut souffrir cela. S'il etait 
dans notre pouvoir d'avoir notre chois, nous choisirions plustot de 
prendre nos corps et nos ames que d'etre separe' d'eux. C'est 
pourquoy nous vous prions en grace et a vos honours que vous aye' 
La bonte' d'apaiser cette crueltey. Nous ne Reffusons au com- 
mencement de travailler pour I'entretienne de nos enfans, moy- 
ennant que si c'etait suffert pour nos families. Vous priant en 
grace que d'avoir Le bonte d'avoir egart a notre Requeste ; ainsy 
faisent ; vous obligerai votre tres humble et tres obeissent servi- 
teurs." 

This in a literal translation reads as follows : — 

"To his Excellency the Governor General of the province 
OF Massachusetts Bay of New England and to the hon- 
orable Gentlemen of the Council. 

" We have taken the liberty to present you this request, as we 
are in sorrow on account of our children. The loss which we have 
suffered at your hands [from you], of our houses, and being brought 
here and our separation from one another is nothing to compare 
with what we experience at present, that of losing our children by 
force before our eyes. Nature herself cannot endure that. If it 
were in our power to have our choice we should choose rather to 
lose our body and our soul than to be separated from them. Where- 
fore we pray your honors that you would have the goodness to 
mitigate this cruelty. We have not refused from the first to work 
for the support of our children, provided it were permitted for our 
own families. Praying you in mercy to have the goodness to have 
regard to our Petition, thus doing you will oblige your very humble 
and obedient servants." 

This petition had the effect to procure the order that there 
should be no more binding out, but that houses should be pro- 
vided for each family that they might "keep together." 

In February, 1756, twenty-two of these Acadians were 



248 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

sent to Andover : " Germain Laundry, his wife, seven sons 
and thirteen daughters," says the record ^ of the selectmen, 
" and one born since, making in all twenty-three who came 
to town." 

Another record ^ thus gives the account : — 

" There is twenty-six of the afores'd French which we keep in 
three Distinck places, that so they might be more constantly Im- 
ployed, the old man German Laundre is an Infirm man and not 
capable of any Labour, and in the winter time he was confined to 
his Bedd, and needed a Great deel of Tendance more than his wife 
could perform and his son Joseph is under such weekly Scorcom- 
stances that we are oblidged to support him altogether. 

" There is three families that have eleven children, the oldest of 
them is not above eight years of age, which there Fathers are not 
Able to support ; there is two young men and four young women 
that for the most part support themselves." 

There are several accounts rendered by the selectmen of 
their expense in providing for the support of the French neu- 
trals, — provisions, "pork, beef, Indian meal, pease, beans, 
sider, &c." Also, there is an account, October, 1757, for 
medicine and attendances by Dr. Ab^iel Abbot, and for " sun- 
dries delivered to the French by Mr. Isaac Abbot, Retailer, 
and sundries delivered by Mr. Samuel Phillips." To this ac- 
count is annexed a memorandum : " Germain Laundry & 
Joseph his son, Jockey Bear ^ and Charles Bear, have been 
sick & Indisposed ever since the date of the last account." 
(The last account was June, 1757, from November, 1756.) 

After a time, houses were provided for the families, and 
most of the Acadians in Andover became self-supporting. 
The family of Jacques Esbert and Charles Esbert were placed 
in a house on the estate of Mr. Jonathan Abbot, now owned 
by his grandson, Mr. Stephen Abbot. The house was 
empty, Mr. Abbot having lately built a new one. It was, 
however, a great annoyance to the Puritan farmer to have 
these tenants, — foreigners and Roman Catholics, quartered 
near his own residence. But, as his descendants relate, the 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. xxiii., p. 44. 

2 Ibid., vol. xxiv., p. 47. 

8 Jacques Esbert, Charles Esbert. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 249 

Acadians completely conquered the prejudices of this family 
and of the community and gained the good-will of all ac- 
quaintances. They were industrious and frugal. The women 
worked in the fields pulling flax and harvesting. They prac- 
tised the rites of their religion in an inoffensive manner and 
commended it by their good conduct. When they went away 
from Andover, Mr. Abbot's family parted from them with sin- 
cere regret. Two of them sent a souvenir to Mr. Abbot, 
which the family still keep, a beautifully carved and polished 
powder-horn, made by their own hands. It is inscribed : — 

" Jonathan Abbot 
His horn made in Alenstown 

April y^ 5 1770 
/ powder with my brother ball 
Most hero-like doth conquer allT 

It is embellished with figures of animals, — a turtle, a deer, 
a fox, dolphins, etc., and also with representations of armies 
fiehtins:, soldiers in uniform with muskets, sabre, bayonet, (all 
the soldiers with hair tied in queues hanging down behind), 
also artillery men and field pieces. 

In the year 1760, some of the Acadians were removed from 
Andover and " sett off to the county of Hampshire." The 
names of those in town July 20, 1760, as given in the returns ^ 
were the following : — 

Charles Bear, age 36. Amon Dupee, age 30. 

Margaret Bear, age 24. Mary, his wife, age 29. 

Molly Bear, age 4. Mary Joseph, age 5. 

Charles Bear, age 2. Margaret Dupee, age 2. 

Margaret Bear, age i. Hermon Dupee, age |. 

Jno Laundry, age 26 (weakly). 
Mary Laundry, age 26. 

While the French exiles from home were thus suffering, the 
provincial troops also, detained to garrison forts in the con- 
quered country, w^ere scarcely less unhappy. Their wretched 
condition is described in a letter of Col. Joseph Frye to the 
Council and House of Representatives,^ in which he begs 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. xxiv. 

2 jbid., vol. Iv., page 384. 



250 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

for their discharge, their term of enlistment having expired. 
The soldiers were, for the most part, from Andover and vicin- 
ity, and therefore the letter is as pertinent to this history, as 
it is in itself interesting : — 

" Fort Lawrence 
IN Chegnecto, July 23*^, 1756. 

" May it please your Honours : It is matter of great Grieff 
to me to be a spectator of the effects of a Raging sickness among 
the Remainder of the Troops sent here from New England last 
year for the removal of the French encroachments in this Province, 
and Daily to hear their just complaints of their being Detained 
here so long after the time is expired they Inlisted for, and not to 
have it in my power to extricate them out of their troubles and 
anxieties of mind. I am well assured in my own mind His Excel- 
lency Governor Shirley must be absent from his Government, other- 
wise he would certainly have taken such measures before this 
time as would have brought us to New England. Although I am 
sensible he was absent, yet I could not have thought we should 
have been kept so long, seeing this Government are no longer 
strangers to Governor Shirley's Promise that those soldiers 
should be discharged at the expiration of twelve months from the 
time of their Inlistment and especially as he has wrote to Gov- 
ernor Lawrence in the most pressing terms to have them sent 
home at a time they should have a right to demand a Discharge. 
But I find myself mistaken in judgment ; for I see no signs of 
compliance with his directions, which has thrown the poor soldiers 
into such dejection of mind as is Grevious to behold. 

** Therefore knowing the weight your Remonstrance on this head 
must have with this Government (if anything will) with my own 
Inclination and on the Desire of the other New-England officers 
most humbly beg your interposition in the case. And that you 
would speedily take such measures for the deliverence of the poor 
distressed soldiers as your Honor's wisdom shall direct. 
" I am with the greatest regard 
" Your Honor's most humble and most obedient servt. 

Joseph Frye." 

The expedition to Lake Champlain and Crown Point was 
not so successful as that had been against Acadia. 

Several Andover soldiers who died in the service are named 
in the town records : — 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 25 1 

1755. Sept. 27. Ebenezer Frie died at the camp near Lake 

George. 
Oct. 2. Jeremiah, son of Jacob and Abigail Tyler died 

with sickness at Lake George in the 2^"^ year of his age. 
Nov. 17. Captain Jonathan Poor died at Albenoy^ with 

sickness in the intended expedition against Crown Point 

in the 32^ year of his age. 
Nov. 28. Ensign James Stevens died at the Camp near 

Lake George, 35"" year of his age. 
Dec. 20. Capt. Asa Stevens at Albenoy on his return from 

Lake George, 38 years, 6 days. 

Respecting two of the above named soldiers, are memorials 
in the State Archives. 

The father of Jeremiah Tyler 2 {Jacob Tyler) shows that his 
son " was in Colonel Titcomb's regiment, in the expedition 
against Crown Point, and was very sick at the time of the 
Battel that was fought at Lake George and his Gun was 
stolen from him," and that " his wages were cut short by rea- 
son of this loss of his gun." He obtained two pounds in an- 
swer to his petition. 

Another is a petition ^ of Sarah Stevens, "widow of James 
Stevens, late of Andover, deceased." 

This " humbly sheweth : " — 

" That whereas my late Husband who was an Ensine in the ser- 
vice of s'd Province in the expedition Towards Crown Point in 
the Company under the command of Capt. Abiel Frye was in the 
detachment under the command of Col. Williams in the morning 
of the Day the Battle was fought near Lake George and in sd 
morning Ingagement my sd Husband, closely pursued by the en- 
emy, was in his Retreat obliged to leave his coat and blanket 
which undoubtedly fell into the Hands of the enemy ; which coat of 
itself was of the valine of one pound and twelve shillings, and my 
sd Husband was obliged immediately to purchase another coat 
and Blanket to fit himself to do his Duty in the camp. Further 
that my sd husband was sick in the camp at the time when the 
army marched from the camp for Albany of which sickness he 
died soon after, and for his nursing in his sickness I am charged 

^ Albany. 

2 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxv., page 332. 

8 Ibid., vol. Ixxv., page 364. 



252 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

ten shillings, and there being no officer belonging to sd company in 
the camp at the time of his death to take care of his clothes and 
other effects in the camp I have never Reed any of sd effects ex- 
cept his Gun and Hanger, which effects exclusive of what I Rec'd 
was worth four pounds or more, of which effects I have no Reason 
to expect to receive any more. 

" Wherefore your humble petitioner prays that y"" Excellency 
and Honors would take my case under your wise Consideration 
and grant me such allowance for sd articles and expences as you 
in your Great wisdom and goodness shall think proper which your 
humble petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray. 

Sarah Stevens." 

Another petitioner, John Barker,^ shows that he was an 
enlisted soldier in Capt. Samuel Draper's company of Colonel 
Browne's regiment, in the expedition to Crown Point ; was 
taken sick, and was thirteen weeks on the way from Fort 
Edward before he got home ; was still " very poorly," and had 
" nothing but his hands to depend upon." He prays that he 
may receive allowance for his "expenses of travel." He was 
granted four pounds.^ 

Israel Adams also petitions, March 30, 1756, showing that 
he had a son, who on his return from Lake George, was 
taken sick of a fever by the way, .... and " that from the 
time of his dismission at Lake George to the Thirtieth day of 
March Instant his son hath been incapacitated for any Busi- 
ness & continued still in a weak state of health," etc. 

He prayed for a full allowance of wages, and received two 
pounds eight shillings. 

Of the expedition to Oswego and the western frontiers, a 
relic remains, — a petition ^ of Capt. James Frye, in behalf of 
his son : — 

"That in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred & 
fifty (five ? ) James Frie jr. your petitioner's son was a soldier in 
His Majesty's service on the Western frontiers under the command 
of Capt. Thomas Farrington, that on the 27* of November in that 
year he was taken sick at Schenectady with the small-pox which 
detained him there near two months which sickness together with 

1 Mass. Archives, ■<^o\. Ixxv., p. 403. 

2 Ibid., vol. Ixxv., p. 526. 
8 Ibid., vol. Ixxix., p. 720. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 253 

the expense in getting him home cost your petitioner the sum of 
twenty-four pounds six shillings as per account." 

The full amount asked for was not granted. Only forty- 
four shillings was allowed, since, as was said, his son might 
have remained in the hospital, and the expense thus have 
been avoided. 

Rev. Samuel Chandler, native of Andover, pastor of York, 
Me., and afterward of Gloucester, Mass., was chaplain of this 
expedition. He writes in his journal, September 29, 1755 : — 

" I set out from home about 10 o'clock on the expedition against 
Crown Point as chaplain to Col. Ichabod Plaisted's Regiment. I 
dined at Coll. Plaisted's & set out with him to Andover where we 
arrived abt sunset. He lodged at Coll. Fryes, I at my mothers." 

In 1756, General Shirley having been superseded by Lord 
Loudon, the plans for the campaign were somewhat changed, 
all energies and forces being concentrated for the capture of 
Crown Point. But the result was disastrous ; jealousies oc- 
curred between the Provincial and the regular ofificers ; the 
troops were delayed, sickness broke out in camp, and the con- 
templated attack on Crown Point was not consummated. In 
this expedition, James Frye was Lieutenant-colonel of Colo- 
nel Plaisted's regiment, and Ward Noyes was Surgeon's 
Mate. Capt. Henry Ingals and Capt. Joseph Holt were in 
service in this campaign. 

The sufferings of a soldier who belonged originally to An- 
dover, and was here under medical treatment, are described 
in a petition ^ : — 

"Stephen Lovejoy late a soldier in the service of this Province 
under Capt. Joseph Holt in Col. Plaisted's regiment in the late ex- 
pedition to Lake George Humbly sheweth that upon his being Dis- 
banded there, fell sick and in about the space of nine days was 
carried in a cart & with much difficulty to a place called Glasco 
where he continued sick ten days reduced to great necessities so as 
even to sell his Gun and borrow two dollars, to purchase neces- 
saries. From thence he was at the expense of Five pounds one 
shilling and four pence by His Father Henry Lovejoy in the space 
of about seven days carried in a slay to Andover where at great 
cost and expense of nursing, Tendance and necessaries he contin- 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxvii., p. 457. 



254 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ued at his Fathers in a very weak and feable condition & for the 
most part not able to help himself for the space of twenty-eight 
days more and then with the help of a man & Hired Horse the cost 
of which amounted to twenty one shillings he got home to York." 

A soldier of Capt. Henry Ingals's company, Phineas Tyler, 
of Boxford, petitions for allowance for his expenses, he hav- 
ing been "impressed and marched to Lake George, and being 
taken sick, been conveyed back to Albany and thence having 
sent to Boxford for a Hors and man to convey him home." 
He states that the man was twenty-one days on the journey 
from and to Boxford. He was granted fifty shillings. It is 
not improbable that some Andover men had similar experi- 
ences in the tedious march to Lake George, and some, per- 
haps, were not so fortunate as to have a horse and man at com- 
mand to convey them home. 

The following is a pathetic story, told by the widow of a 
soldier who died from his exposures and hardships : — 

" The petition ^ of Hannah Johnson humbly sheweth That my 
leate Husband Andrew Johnson Leate of Andover Deceased was 
in the Country service in Coll. James Frye's Company in the ex- 
pedition formed against Crown Point in the year 1756, and in his 
Return horn he was taken sick by the way and was oblidged to sell 
his Gun & Blanket for less than one half their worth for necessary 
to support him by the way, or he thought he must have perished, 
for he had no money and he was brought so weak and low that I 
was oblidged to send a man and hors to fetch him home, which cost 
me twelve shillings and he was brought horn the 25th day of No- 
vember 1756 and so he remained in a Languishing Condition and 
at great expence for nurses, watchers and necessaries for nine 
weeks and then he Died. 

" I pray your Excellency and Honors to make me such allow- 
ance for said Gun and for Nursing & Necessary for the said De- 
ceased as in your wisdom you shall think proper, and your petitioner 
as in duty bound shall ever pray. Hannah Johnson." 

The petitioner's request was granted. 
Another widow of a deceased soldier is petitioned ^ for by 
one of the Andover officers : — 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxvii., p. 300. 

2 Ibid., vol. Ixxvii., p. 453. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 255 

"The Petition of James Parker in behalf of Margaret Furbush 
widow & Relict of Charles Furbush Deceased Humbly Sheweth. 

" That the said Charles Furbush entered into the Province ser- 
vice about the i^' Day of July A. D. 1756 and proceeded with Cap- 
tain John Wright as far as Fort Edward, where he was taken sick, 
by which means he was prevented joyning his Respective Regiment 
and company at Lake George (so was not made up in any muster 
rolls) and was brought back as far as Saratoga and there Dyed the 
9"' of September 1756. 

" As the said Charles was not made up on any muster rolls, your 
Petitioner was not enabled to Receive any part of his wages. 
Your petitioner therefore humbly prays your Excellency and your 
Honours (in behalf of said widow) would take her case into your 
consideration and order a Derect Payment of the said Charles's 
Wages or otherwise make her such consideration as in your great 
goodness j-ou shall think fit, and your petitioner as in duty bound 
shall ever pray. James Parker." 

Some further particulars and traditions are told by the 
great grandson of Charles Furbush : — 

" Charles Furbush ^ had a son of the same name. Charles the 
son as soon as he was of age was called to serve in the French and 
Indian War at the forts on Lakes George and Champlain. He 
was so young that his father chose to enlist and go with him. 
Father and son camped and bivouacked together and they were 
sleeping under the same blanket upon the ground one night when 
Charles awoke and ascertained by the light of the moon shining in 
his father's face that he was dead." 

The son was Capt. Charles Furbush, who commanded an 
Andover Company at Bunker Hill. 

November 2 23, 1757, Nicholas Holt, afterward a captain, 
then a second lieutenant, petitioned for pay for his services, 
a mistake having been made in omitting his name from the 
rolls. 

Dr. WardJsToyes kept a journal of this expedition. It has 
unfortunately within a few years been destroyed. It is said 
by those who have read it to have been interesting, and curi- 
ously illustrative of the manners and customs of the time. A 

1 Revolitiionary Reminiscences (Simeon Flint), Lazurence American (Andover 
Advertiser), 1S75. 

2 Mass. Arc/lives, vol. Ixxvii., p. 271. 



256 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

petition from him in the State Archives^ sets forth some of 
the annoyances experienced by army surgeons in old-time 
campaigning : — 

'■^ May 2^th 1757. The Petition of Ward Noyes of Andover 
humbly sheweth that your petitioner was in his Majesty's service 
in the expedition against Crown Point in the year 1756 as mate to 
Dr. John Calef in Col. Plaisted's Regiment, and in that capacity 
was often called forth to visit the sick soldiers, and even so it was 
at a certain time, when your petitioner was called forth hastily for 
the Relief of such sick soldiers, he left his Gun in his tent suppos- 
ing it to be safe & secure, but when he returned to his tent his 
Gun was stolen away and your Petitioner (by his utmost care and 
endeavor) could never discover or hear of the same again. Now, 
your petitioner begs leave to say that he thinks it could not be 
reasonably expected that he should carry his Gun with him at all 
Times when and where he was called from Tent to tent, to attend 
upon such sick, and humbly conceives, consequently, its being stolen 
away as aforesaid could not be charged as any misconduct in him, 
yet for want of said Gun's being returned there is withheld from 
the Petitioner of his wages the sum of four pounds. Your peti- 
tioner therefore Humbly supplicates the serious consideration and 
favor of your Honours, praying (with submission) that you would be 
pleased to grant him the whole of his wages notwithstanding the 
said Gun not being Returned or otherwise, as your Honours in 
your great wisdom and Goodness shall see mete to order, and your 
Petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray. 

"Essex, Andover, April 2,0, 1757 " 

The "great wisdom and goodness" of the Court granted 
the doctor's petition. About two weeks before this, he had 
received his commission as Surgeon's Mate. It is an impres- 
sive document, written on parchment of a fine quality, sealed 
with the royal seal. The following is the text : — 

" Province of the 
Massachusetts Bay. 

His Majesty's Council for the 

Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England 
" To Ward Noyes, Gentleman, Greeting. 

By virtue of the Power and Authority by the Royal Charter 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxvii., p. 271. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 257 

granted to the Council of this Province in Case of the death or 
Absence of the Governour and Lieutenant Governour ; We do, 
by these Presents, confiding in your Loyalty, Skill, & Ability, Con- 
stitute and appoint you the said Ward Noyes to be the Surgeon's 
Mate to the Forces raised within this Province and put under the 
Command of His Excellency the Right Honourable John Earl of 
Loudon, General «& Commander in Chief of all His Majesty's 
Forces in North America : Of which forces jfoseph Frye Esqr. is 
Chief Officer. 

" You are therefore carefully & dilligently to perform the Duty 
of Surgeon's Mate to the said Forces in all Things pertaining to 
the said office, and to observe and follow all such orders and Di- 
rections as you shall receive from your Superior officers for his 
Majesty's service, pursuant to the Trust reposed in you. 

" Given under Our Hands and the publick Seal of the Province 
of the Massachusetts Bay aforesaid, at Boston, the fifth Day of 
April In the Thirtieth Year of the Reign of His Majesty King 
George the Second, Annoque Domini 1757. 

James Minot. Jno. Osborne. 

And^ Oliver. Jacob Wendell. 

Joseph Pynchon. Benj. Lynde. 

John Otis. Dave Pasch.(?) 

Tho. Hutchinson. John Greenleaf. 

Stephen Sewall. Saml. Walts. 

Isaac Royall. George Leonard. 

John Erving. J. Chandler. 

Wm. Brattle. 
" By their Honours Command. 

Thos. Clarke, Dpty. Secry." 

The following petitions present a vivid picture of the wan- 
derings and adventures of an Andover soldier, who was taken 
captive by the Indians. These were the tales which our 
great grandfathers used to tell to their children gathered 
around the fire of winter evenings, when the back-log blazed 
and the " mug of cider simmered slow," and, sipping it ever 
and anon, the hero of many fights waxed warm, and shoul- 
dering crutch, or seizing musket from over the chimney piece, 
showed how battles were fought in the " Old French War," 
kindling in young breasts the martial ardor that flamed up in 
Revolutionary fires. 



258 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" The Petition ^ of Isaac Foster of Andover Humbly Slieweth 
that whereas he was an Inlisted soldier in the service of this Prov- 
ince in the company^ of Lieut. Col. James Frye in the year Seven- 
teen Hundred & Fifty six & in sd company proceeded to Fort 
William Henry & on the Eighteenth Day of September following 
was by Detachment sent on a Scouting Party under the command 
of Capt. Hodges to the Westerly side of Lake George and, on the 
nineteenth, the Party being surprised by a Large Body of the en- 
emy & mostly killed or taken, he had the unhappy Fate to fall 
into the Hands of a Number of those barbarous Indians called Ot- 
tawas inhabiting beyond Lake Superior ; who after having riffled 
his Pockets of Four Dollars obliged him to proceed with them to 
a Lake called Almipagon lying Northerly of Lake Superior one 
hundred and fifty miles and (as the French say) eleven hundred 
miles from Montreal. With these savages he was detained two 
years. During which time he suffered inconceivable hardships, 
and at the expiration of it being permitted by his Indian owner 
to accompany him down the Lake to a French Place called De- 
troit he there interceded with a Frenchman to ransom him, which 
he accordingly effected for three Hundred Livers ; which sum your 
Petitioner Discharged by Labour, And after being detained by the 
French at sd Detroit & Montreal near Fourteen Months Longer 
he was brought to Crown Point at the time of the late exchange 
of Prisoners and is since returned Home, having been absent 
(from the day he was taken) three years & two months. And 
whereas he has received pay no longer than till the Day of his 
Captivity, he humbly begs your Excellency & Honors would take 
His case under your wise Consideration & make him such further 
allowance for his time &c as in your great goodness & wisdom 
shall seem mete, which your humble petitioner as in Duty bound 
shall ever Pray. Isaac Foster. 

"Andover, Jan. jtk, 1760." 

This petition dravi^n up so carefully, and written in every 
respect so correctly, bears evidence of being the composition 
of a man more accustomed to the use of the pen than the 
captive was, who had been three years campaigning. Who 
wrote it may be surmised from the fact that it was ordered 
to pay to Samuel Phillips, Esq., for the use of the petitioner, 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxviii., p. 681. 

- The word company is used several times of " Colonel " Frye's troops. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 259 

in full remuneration for his services and sufferings within 
mentioned, the sum of eight pounds. 

Three years before, the father of the petitioner, John Foster, 
had presented a petition ^ for his son's pay to be given to him. 
He then supposed his son to be dead, not having heard from 
him for so long. Thus did the youth of Andovcr early ma- 
ture in life's experience, and such were the suspense and 
anxiety of kindred " in regard to soldiers in the king's ser- 
vice " : — 

" The Pet it 1071 of yohn Foster of Andover, Api-il 2, 1757. 

" Humbly sheweth that Isaac Foster, a minor, the son of your 
petitioner, was a soldier in his Majesty's service in the expedition 
against Crown Point in the year 1756 in the company of Col. 
James Frye, and in the month of September the said Isaac (as he 
was scouting on his duty, was either killed by the enemy or taken 
captive, by reason whereof his Gun was not Returned. Yet there 
is kept back, out of his wages, from your petitioner for said Gun 
the sum of four pounds. So that without the Interposition of your 
Hour and Honrs your Petitioner might be a sufferer for omitting 
that which it was not in his power to perform ; your petitioner there- 
fore humbly supplicates the consideration and favor of this Great 
and wise Court, praying (with submission) that your Honr and 
Honrs would be pleased to allow him the said sum of four pounds 
retained as aforesaid or otherwise as in your wisdom & Goodness 
you shall think fit and judge mete, and your Petitioner as in duty 
bound shall ever pray, .... John Foster. 

" Ordered to be paid the full wages due to his son without any 
deduction." 

What a day of happy surprise that must have been when 
the long lost son returned to relate his manifold escapes and 
adventures ! 

The fate of another Andover captive was long a matter of 
doubt, as appears from comparing the two following records, 
one a petition ^ of his father before he knew whether his son 
were alive or dead, the other a record of the death in the town 
books. The latter is as follows : — 

" Joseph, son of Thomas and Elizabeth Abbot, was taken captive 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxvi., p. 519. 

2 Ibid., vol. Ixxvi., p. 526. 



26o HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

by the Indians at Lake George, Sept. 19, 1756, was carried to 
Canada and died in prison at Quebeck sometime in January, 1758, 
in the 24th year of his age." 

The petition ^ is as follows : — 

'■'■April 4, 1757. The petition of Thomas Abbot of Andover 
humbly sheweth that Joseph Abbot the son of your Petitioner was 
a soldier in His Majesty's service against Crown Point in the year 
1756 in the company of Col. James Frye, and in the month of Sep- 
tember, as he was in his Duty Scouting, he was either killed or 
taken captive by the enemy, by reason whereof his Gun was not re- 
turned — and if part of his wages be retained and kept back for 
the said Gun your Petitioner must suffer loss. Your petitioner 
therefore humbly supplicates the favorable Interposition of your 
Honr and Honrs, praying that your sons wages notwithstanding 
the sd Gun not being returned or otherwise, as your Honor or 
Honors in your wisdom & Goodness shall think fit & judge mete, 
and your petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray. 

Thomas Abbot." 

In January, 1757, a vigorous campaign was projected, Lord 
Loudon meeting in council at Boston all the Governors of 
New England, to arrange details. It was decided to raise 
1,800 men in Massachusetts to reenforce the troops of Gen- 
eral Webb, and attempt the capture of Crown Point. To Col. 
Joseph Frye, of Andover, was assigned the raising and the 
command of the troops, eighteen hundred in number. This 
officer had been in active service from the beginning of the 
war, was greatly beloved by the men under his command, and 
was in all respects an able man. His sufferings during the 
war were extreme, as will be seen in the sequel. From the 
soldiers under his command in the expedition to Acadia he 
received a silver tankard, as a testimonial of their regard. 
It is still in possession of his descendants. It bears the fol- 
lowing inscription ^ : — 

^ Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxvi., p. 526. 
2 See Centennial Address at Fryeburgh. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 261 

TO JOSEPH FRYE, ESQ. 

Colonel and Commander in Chief of the Forces 

in the semke of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay and late 

Major of the Second Battalion of 

General Shirley's Provincial Regiment 

This Tankard 

From a just sense of his care and conduct of the Troops while under 

his comma/id at Nova Scotia and a proper Resctitmcnt of his Paternal 

Regard for them si?ice their Return to New England Is Presented by 

His Most Humble Servants 
The officers of s" Battalion. 
Boston, Apr. 2d, 1757. 

A document signed by Lieutenant-colonel Osgood, relating 
to the enlistment of men for this service, has been found among 
the papers of Capt. John Abbott. It is a printed form, with 
the blanks for dates and names filled out in manuscript : — 

" Essex ss. To John Abbot, Gentleman, Captain of the Military 
Foot Company in Andover, Greeting. 

" A*^'reable to Law and pursuant to a Warrant from the Honour- 
able Spencer Phips, Esq., Lieut. Governor and Commander in 
Chief in and over his Majesty's Province of the Massachusetts Bay 
in New England, to Me directed : 

" In His Majesty's Name, you are hereby requested to raise, if 
in your Power, for his Majesty's Service by Inlistment ffive able- 
bodied effective men, to be employed for the Security of His Maj- 
esty's Dominions in North-America, on or before the Twenty-first 
of March next ; but least said Number should not be inlisted by 
said Time, You are alike required forthwith to cause all the trained 
band soldiers in your company to be warned to appear on the 
Twenty-second Day of March next in Arms ; and if the Quota as- 
signed you to be raised shall not be obtained by Inlistment, as 
aforesaid, You are then to cause said Number to be completed by 
Impress out of said Company ; And if any Person or Persons then 
impressed shall pay his or their Fines within Twenty-four hours 
from their Impressment You are to continue the Impress till the 
Number ordered you to be raised is completed : You are alike re- 
quired to make Return to Me of the Names of the Persons raised, 
and who were raised by Inlistment and when, on or before y"" 25th 
day of March Next. You are by no Means to return any man, in- 
listed that shall be impress::d, or was not inlisted as aforesaid ; and 



262 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

you are to cause the Persons inlisted and Impressed to appear be- 
fore Me at my house on or before the Twenty-fifth of March next 
to be Mustered, on Pain of forfeiting and paying the Sum of Ten 
Pounds for each neglect ; and for not making a Return as afore- 
said Twenty Pounds. Hereto fail not at your Peril. Given under 
my Hand and Seal at Andover the 25th Day of February 1757. 

John Osgood, Jun., Lieut. Col.''^ 

Moody Bridges was appointed to the command of the men 
detached from Lieutenant-colonel Osgood's regiment for the 
expedition, and, as he relates, did duty as a field officer.^ 

'■^ May 31, I7S9- ^^^^ Memorial^ of Moody Bridges of Andover 
most hunibly shcweth — 

"That Anno Domini 1757, your Memorialist, Pursuant to his 
order from Coll John Osgood of s*^ Town, had the Honor of the 
command of the whole detachment of officers & soldiers raised in 
s*^ Coll Osgood's regiment for the Relief of General Webb, & That 
he did the Duty of a field officer in Leading ordering & Marching 
s** Detachment, which consisted of Two Hundred & Forty men," etc. 
[He prays for more than adjutant's pay.] 

The troops were marched to Fort William Henry, on the 
southern shore of Lake George. In the garrison, here, was 
stationed Colonel Monro, in command of five hundred Brit- 
ish regulars. Colonel Frye's militia intrenched themselves 
outside the fort. About fifteen miles distant, at Fort Edward, 
was General Webb, with a force five thousand strong. 

Apprehending no enemy near, the little garrison at Fort 
William Henry awaited orders and reenforcements to march 
toward Crown Point. But suddenly, on the first day of Au- 
gust, the tranquil lake swarmed with Indian canoes, and fol- 
lowing them came a French fleet, bearing down upon the 
fort. Montcalm, the active, swift, secret, was upon them 
with a force of from eight to nine thousand French and In- 
dians. What followed, every reader of American history 
knows, — how the brave little garrison hurled back defiance 
to the summons to surrender, how they sent post haste to 

1 There were no regular field officers in the regiment under Colonel Frye, says 
that officer in a memorial. 

2 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxviii., p. 532. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 263 

General Webb for reenforcements, but got none, only in their 
stead a letter of advice to capitulate. 

In spite of all, Colonel Monro held out till his guns were 
disabled and ammunition failed, and finally he only yielded 
on honorable terms, and upon promise from the French gen- 
eral of protection to the prisoners. This promise, however, 
Montcalm did not, or could not, keep. He was either indis- 
posed or powerless to restrain the ferocity of the savages, 
and, while the English and Provincial troops were marching 
under nominal protection of a French escort to Fort Edward, 
the Indians fell upon them and massacred them with every 
species of cruelty. 

Colonel Frye, it is said, never favored the capitulation. 
He offered in the outset to lead out his regiment to a hand- 
to-hand fight with the enemy, but was obliged to submit to 
the dictation of the British officer. Colonel Monro. In the 
massacre that followed the surrender, he was dragged into 
the woods, stripped of his clothes, except his shirt, and was 
about to be murdered when, in the sudden strength of des- 
peration, he sprang upon his foe, and, all unarmed and naked 
as he was, beat down and dispatched the warrior who was al- 
ready exulting in his anticipated scalping. Three days he ran 
through the forests in a state bordering on distraction, suf- 
fering in body and mind from the long protracted horrors of 
the fight, the terrible scenes of the massacre, and his perils 
and exposure. At last, he found his way back to Fort Ed- 
ward in a most pitiable condition, half starved and nearly 
crazed, and in the same naked condition in which he had 
escaped from the savage. But, with tender nursing, he 
regained strength of body and mind, and lived to render 
more valiant service in this war, and in the Revolution he 
received the commission of Brigadier-general.^ His extraor- 
dinary labors and hardships in the Crown Point expedition 
of 1757 are thus detailed by him in a memorial "-^ to the gov- 
ernment : — 

"A Memorial of Joseph Frye of Andover in the County of 
Essex, Esq., setting forth that he was commissioned Colonel of the 

1 Major-general from the Provincial Congress. 

2 Records of the General Court, 1759. 



264 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Regiment consisting of eighteen hundred men, raised by the Gov- 
ernment for His Majesty's Service under the command of his Ex- 
cellency the Earl of Loudon in the year 1757, and faithfully per- 
formed the Duty of his office though attended with uncommon 
Labour, having no Field officers allowed him for his assistance (as 
was originally designed) whereby the Duty of the Field officers of 
more than three regiments as formed for the preceding expedition 
devolved upon him alone, and a great saving accrued to the Prov- 
ince ; that, being the only Field officer, his expences in providing 
for his Table, &c., were increased beyond what was granted him for 
that purpose \ that besides his personal suffering from the sal- 
vages he had the Misfortune to lose all his camp-equipage, stores, 
arms and clothing through the Perfidy and Inhumanity of the enemy 
at the time of the surrender at Fort William Henry ; that after his 
return he was employed for several months in assisting in making 
up the muster rolls in the best manner he could to prevent Injury 
to the Public, his papers being all lost, and praying that his faith- 
ful services, uncommon fatigues, sufferings, and losses may be 
taken into Consideration and such Recompense made him as shall 
be judged reasonable." 

" Read and ordered that Col. Lawrence, Mr. Wilt, and Capt. 
Morey be a committee to take this memorial under considera- 
tion and Report what they judge proper for this Court to do 
thereon." 

" In Council, yaiitiary 9, 1759." 

"30/"// Feb. 1759. The committee appointed on the Memorial 
of Joseph Fry, Esq., reported according to order. 

" Read, and after a large debate thereon voted that Col. Frye 
have liberty to be heard on the Floor before the House on the sub- 
ject matter of the said Memorial on the second Tuesday of the 
next sitting of this Court." 

• " 16 Mar. 1759. The House being informed that Col. Frye was 
at the Door according to the order of the House the last session, 
he was admitted into the House ; and having been fully heard 
upon the Subject matter of his memorial he withdrew and after a 
debate; voted: that the memorialist be allowed wages from the 
time of his entering into the service till the 4th of April 1758 at 
eighteen pounds per month, deducting what he has already re- 
ceived out of the treasury for said service." ^ [Concurred in.] 

In another memorial (the petitions of Colonel Frye, during 

^ Jour mils of the House of Representatives. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 265 

this war and the Revolutionary War, would make quite a 
thick pamphlet), Colonel Frye describes the sufferings of his 
soldiers after the capitulation at Fort William Henry.^ The 
object of his presenting the petition is to obtain pay for them 
from the day of the surrender to their arrival at home ; their 
wages having been allowed only for the time in which they 
might have reached home by travelling every day, at the rate 
of fifteen miles per day, whereas they had not been able to 
come directly home, but had been detained in captivity or 
had wandered in the woods. 

.... "A great part of the officers and soldiers were taken 
after the capitulation by the Enemy and Detained Prisoners with 
them till they had Demolished Fort William Henry, carried off the 
stores, and get ready to return to Canada, which took near a week, 
and then sent almost naked to Fort Edward where and at Albany 
they were under necessity to make some stay to get something to 
cover their Bodies before they could set out for their Respective 
Homes. Others of them were drove off naked into the woods 
where they wandered several days before they could get to Fort 
Edward, and when they came there they were under the same ne- 
cessity and not only for the same reason to stop as those men- 
tioned before, but being so emaciated by starving in the woods 
it took some time to recover nature before they were able to 
Travel." .... 

Colonel Frye praises in the highest terms the bravery and 
fortitude of his men, and shows the most tender regard for 
their welfare. 

In 1762 the same petitioner. Colonel Frye, asked for lib- 
erty to settle a township, in consideration of his services and 
sufferings. The petition contains a statement of the time of 
his military service, and is interesting as being his own rec- 
ord of this portion of his life : — 

" March, 1762.- A Petition of Joseph Frj^e, Esq., Praying liberty 
to purchase a Tract of land sufficient for a township in some place 
between a River called great Osapee running into Saco River and 
the mountains above Pigwacket, and as there are sundry tracts of 
Land that would make good setdements and are not yet disposed 

.1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxvii., p. 448. 
* General Cotirt Records. ' 



266 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of by the Government, lying below on Saco river, which would be 
much advanced by the settlements which the Petitioner proposes 
to make, and as he has spent the prime of his Life in the defense 
of his country, viz : the last war from the beginning of the year 
1745 till the settlement of a peace and the present war from the 
year 1754 till last December (saving a suspension of eighteen 
months occasioned by his falling into the hands of the enemy 
when Fort William Henry was taken and by which he sustained a 
very heavy loss), he humbly hopes he may be favored in the Pur- 
chase." 

The petition was granted, and settlement made by emi- 
grants from Andover and vicinity. About the year 1770 
Colonel Frye took up his residence ^ there, although he was 
often subsequently in Andover, and during the Revolution- 
ary War spent some time here and did much to promote the 
spirit of patriotism. 

Some of the soldiers of Colonel Frye's company, at Fort 
William Henry, were carried into captivity, and spent weary 
months or years, or, perhaps, their life-time in the enemy's 
country. 

Efforts were made by the government, in 1758, to ransom 
such captives, and lists were asked for, from all towns which 
had lost any soldiers. Capt. James Parker, in forwarding the 
name of his " dear son Jesse Parker," expresses his gratitude 
and joy for this movement on the part of the government •.'^ — 

" Honored Sirs — In obedience to his Excellency the Gov- 
ernor, Directing all persons who have any relatives (Inhabitants 
of this Province) in captivity in Canada to send a list of y" names 
into the Secretary's office, with pleasing hopes that some Kind De- 
signs are Entertained and will shortly be put in execution for the 
redeeming of poor Captives, Do now (with utmost Gratitude to his 
Excellency and all concerned in so Gratious a design) Inform that 
my dear Son Jesse Parker of Andover and also Timothy Merick 
of Methuen in this province were taken captive by the Indians on 

1 His homestead, at North Andover, was a part of the estate owned by Mr. 
Nathaniel Peters, about a quarter of a mile south of his residence (the Col. 
James Frye house). The house occupied by Col. Joseph Fry was for a time 
occupied by Mr. John Peters. It has been since taken down. 

2 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxvii., p. 705. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 267 

or about the loth of August and after capitulation & have been 

often heard of since in prison in Canada 

" Your most obedt humble servant 

James Parker. 

" P. S. Benjamin Pettengill of Methuen taken at y'' same time 
but not since heard of." 

In 1758 the attempts to take the forts on Lake Champlain 
and vicinity were again renewed, and also to take Louisburg, 
which by the treaty of 1748 was restored to France. 

Of the military activities at Andover, the following relic is 
found among the papers of Capt. John Abbot : — 

" To Sergeant Timothy Holt, 

Andover, April 2,0th, 1758. 

'• You are hereby ordered to Warn in His Majesty's Name all 
the Train .... Soldiers Belonging to your Precinct under my com- 
mand to appear upon the Greene by the South Meeting House in 
Andover aforesaid on Tuesday the Second Day of May next at 
ten o'clock in the Forenoon with arms complete ; all but those 
whose arms ware Taken for Bayonets, there to attend further or- 
ders. 

" N. B. The fine for not appearing is £(i lawful Money. Hereof 
fail not & make Timely return to me of your Doing." [Not 
signed.] 

There are also several printed forms of enlistment — the 
blanks not filled — among Captain Abbot's papers : — 

" I do acknowledge to have voluntarily enlisted myself 

as a private Soldier to serve His Majesty King George the Second 
in a company of Foot to be raised for a general Invasion of 
Canada. 

" As witness my Hand this Day of In the year of 

our Lord 1758. 

" County 

*' These are to Certify that Aged years 

born came before Me, one of His Majesty's justices of the 

Peace for the said County ; and acknowledged to have voluntarily 
enlisted himself to serve His Majesty King George the Second in 
the abovesaid service ; and that he also acknowledged he had 
heard read unto him the Second and Sixth Sections of the Articles 
of War against Mutiny and Desertion and took the Oath of Fidel- 
ity mentioned in the articles of War." 



268 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

On the 7th and 8th of July, 1758, occurred disastrous de- 
feats of the English and Provincial troops, near Ticonderoga, 
by the French, under General Montcalm. Lord Howe was 
killed. A paper addressed, "To Mr. John Abbot the 4th, 
The Account of our Loss At Ticonderoga," gives the names 
of the killed and wounded. The names of their residence 
not being given, it is a matter of uncertainty who of them 
belonged to Andover. The town records register the follow- 
ing death in this year : — 

" 1758, Sept. 2. Jonathan son of Jonathan & Elizabeth Hutch- 
eson died at Lake George in the i8th year of his age." 

Capt. Asa Foster commanded a company in the expedition 
against Canada, in 1758. He presented a " Remonstrance," ^ 
dated Andover, March 28, 1759, in regard to a mistake in his 
muster rolls, by which two of his men were deprived of their 
pay: — 

" To THE Honourable Committee of Council appointed to ex- 
amhie the muster Rolls of the several Captains in the last expedition 
towards Canada. 

" The Remonstrance of Asa Foster one of the captains in sd ex- 
pedition humbly sheweth : 

" That in making the muster Roll, there is a mistake in the fol- 
lowing persons' wages, viz John Peirce, Simon Frye and Thomas 
Richardson, each of which persons are made up ten shillings short 
of their just due in the Collomb of the whole of wages due, as will 
appear by examining the coppy of sd muster roll ; for they all Listed 
y* 13th day of April and were all in the service until the 12th of 
November, which is sevene months and eighteen days, which 
amounts to ;^i3, 15 and they are Cast £^2)- 5- ^ 'i wherefore your 
Remonstrant prays that your Hours would Rectifie sd mistakes, 
whereby justice may be done to the persons injured and you will 
much oblige your very Humble Servt. Asa Foster." 

Another relic of the expedition of 1758 to Canada, is the 
following petition ^ of a father whose son sickened and died 
on the way : — 

"The Memorial of John Farnum of Andover most humbly shew- 
eth that Nathan Farnum, son of your memorialist, in the year 1758 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxviii., p. 365. 

2 Ibid., p. 484. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 269 

was a soldier in Col. Prebble's regiment in Capt. Herrick's com- 
pany for the expedition then formed against Canada, and having 
marched as far as Hadly was taken sick, and upon your memorial- 
ist's receiving intelligence that he was unable either to march for- 
ward or to Return Home, he made a journey to Hadly to take care 
of his son ; his expence on said journey was one pound six shillings. 
But before your memorialist arrived at Hadly, his son, then very 
unable, was marched by the officers Left to bring up the Rear, and 
soon after his arrival at Lake George he was again taken sick and 
sent of in a waggon without any assistant to Albany, but was left 
by the way Near fort Edward unable to help himself, & Sending 
word of his Difficulties your memorialist was at the expense of a 
Journey to Albany, which Besides his Time cost him two pounds 
six shillings, where meeting with an officer of said Capt. Herrick's 
company he received the News of the death of his son & that 
nothing could be found of his cloathing, as by the account thereof 
herewith exhibited may more fully appear. 

" Therefore your Memorialist Doth humbly Intreat his Excel- 
lency & your Honors to Grant him such a Consideration as in your 
Great Wisdom & Justice shall appear to be reasonable & Just to 
defray the charges of your memorialist's journey as aforesaid & 
make him a compensation for his time and loss of clothing as 
aforesaid & may it please his Excellency & your Honor your me- 
morialist as in duty bound shall ever pray. 

John Farnum, Junr. 

" Andover, May 23, 1759." 

The petitioner was granted forty shillings. 

The expedition against Louisburg v^ras successfully con- 
ducted by General Amherst, who after a few days' siege re- 
duced the fortress to surrender. By the terms ^ of capitula- 
tion the garrison was to be sent to England, the merchants 
and other residents were to be permitted to go to France. In 
a collection of papers from the Archives of France printed 
in "Documents Relating to the Colonial History of New 
York,""^ is a letter written by the Governor of Louisburg who 
signed the terms of capitulation and was, at the time of writ- 
ing, a prisoner of war. The letter is dated, " Andover, 23d 
September, 1758." It is indexed as from Andover, Mass., 

1 See Haliburton's History of Nova Scotia, vol. i. 

2 Vol. X., p. 833. Letter of Chevalier de Drucour to M. De Massiac. 



270 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

although there does not appear to a casual reader anything to 
determine where the Andover was, whether in America or 
England. There may have been reasons why it was impor- 
tant for the French Governor to remain in America to ar- 
range the terms of surrender, etc., more fully, and if so there 
could not have been selected a more safe and at the same 
time comfortable residence for a paroled prisoner of rank than 
Andover. Here also was the home of two of the colonels in 
the service, and as Col. James Frye's house was a public 
house of entertainment it is not unlikely that the honorable 
Chevalier de Drucour may have enjoyed the hospitalities of 
the Andover hero of the siege of Louisburg, in 1745.^ 

An Andover officer, Lieut. Jacob Farrington, was con- 
nected with an exploit of the year 1759, which received the 
great praise of contemporaries, but which, says Bradford, 
"would be severely reprobated " now " as an act of cruelty." 
This was the surprisal and destruction of the defenceless In- 
dian village of St. Francois by the celebrated Rogers' Ran- 
gers, to which band Lieutenant Farrington belonged. " Remi- 
niscences of the French War," by Caleb Stark, thus describes 
the exploit alluded to : " The night before the surprise of St. 
Francis the Indians were engaged in a wedding frolick, 
Lieut. Jacob Farrington of Andover, Mass., and Benjamin 
Bradley of Concord, N. H., two of the stoutest men of their 
time, headed one of Rogers' parties. They came to the door 
of the house where the wedding had taken place and rushed 
against it so violently that the hinges gave way and Bradley 
fell in headlong among the Indians who were asleep upon the 
floor. They were all slain before they could make any re- 
sistance." 

Another relic of the service of 1759,^ is a petition of Moses 
Bailey, then of Methuen : — 

" To His Excellency Thomas Pownal, Esq., Captain General 
and Governor in Chief in and over His Majesty s Province of the 

^ The English Lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia in 1740 was Paul Mascarene. 
In 1775, Paul Mascarene at Andover advertised in the Essex Gazette that he had 
found some saddle-bags. Whether the two were in any way connected is not 
ascertained. 

2 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxix., page 536 ; vol. Ixxviii., p. 577. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 271 

Massachusetts Bay in New England. To the Honourable His 
Majesty's Council and House of Representatives of said 
Province in General Court Assembled at Boston, jfanuary 30th, lydo. 

"The Petition of Moses Bailey, of Methuen/ Humbly Sheweth 
that your Petitioner enlisted himself a soldier in his Majesty's ser- 
vice in the company of Capt. Francis Peabody in Col. Willard's 
Regiment in the year 1759, and at Tyconderoga on the twenty-fourth 
Day of July as I was in my duty carrying the Cannon I received a 
wound in one of my legs, by which means I was disabled for Duty 
and exercised with much pain until the sixth day of October, and 
then I was ordered by the General to return home and was carried 
in Boats & Carts to Albany flats in about six days and being then 
unable to travel I sent to my brother John Bayley to come and help 
me along home, and I tarried there till he came to me, being about 
eighteen days, and for my entertainment and attendance there, my 
brother paid four dollars and a half. My Brother then attended 
upon me with the utmost care & Diligence and brought me to my 
father's house in Methuen in ten days and he paid for the whole 
of my support while he was with me, and I received nothing at the 
cost of the Province as I returned home from said flats ; my brother 
was eighteen days in his journey and his expenses for the support 
of himself for me and for his horse (including the four dollars and 
an half above mentioned) was four pounds fourteen shillings and 
ten pence. When I arrived at home I applied myself to Doctor 
Kittredge in Andover for help and cure and tarried at his house 
and am still under his care, the wound not being yet healed, neither 
am I as yet able to labour for my support. Your petitioner went 
forth with a design to exert himself to the utmost of his power and 
ability (if his life and health should be continued and occasion re- 
quired) in his Majesty's righteous cause against his enemies in the 
years past and in that which is coming, but hath been prevented 
by that unhappy wound and also thereby hath suffered much pain 
and loss of time. He therefore begs leave to lay his case before 
your Excellency and your Honours praying for such allowance as in 
your Great wisdom and prudence you shall think fit and judge meet 
and your Petitioner (as in Duty bound shall ever pray). 

Moses Bayley." 

During 1759 and 1760 Colonel Frye's regiment, or a part 

1 This petitioner subsequently removed to Andover West Parish, and settled 
on the banks of the Merrimack, in the North District. He received a lieuten- 
ant's commission, and served in the War of the Revolution. 



272 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of it, was in Nova Scotia. Dr. Abiel Abbot,^ of Andover, 
was Surgeon's Mate in his regiment, and sent the following 
petition for pay for service rendered : — 

" June 9, 1 76 1. Abiel Abbot of Andover humbly shews that he 
was Surgeon's mate of Col. Frye's regiment & in that department 
of it which Garrisoned Annapolis Royal in 1759 & 1760, that he 
was not discharged till the tenth June last, when he was discharged 
by Gov. Hutchinson ; and it seems he is only made up in the Pay 
Roll until the last of April & the intermediate time between that 
and said loth of June is lost to your memorialist tho' he was then 
in actual service without your Excellency's & Honor's relief. 

"Wherefore he humbly prays he may have an order upon the 
Treasurer for said pay. And as in Duty Bound shall ever pray. 

Abiel Abbot." 

Seven pounds were allowed him. 

The government detained the troops in Nova Scotia be- 
yond the time for which they were enlisted, which, though 
claimed to be a necessity, caused much ill-feeling and mu- 
tiny. A petition of a captain from Cambridge,^ shows that, 
while Colonel Frye was at Fort Cumberland, Nova Scotia, 
November 2, 1759, his regiment mutinied and refused to do 
duty, because the time they enlisted for had expired the day 
before : " There being no troops at hand to relieve this regi- 
ment, if they had deserted the Fort, it would have fallen into 
the hands of the enemy. Colonel Frye therefore ordered the 
Captains to demand the arms from the men." The peti- 
tioner, Captain Angier, states that in obeying this order to 
demand the guns, he was in peril of his life ; one man refused 
to give up his gun, and, when the captain offered to take 
it, forcibly thrust one end of it violently against his breast, 
while many of the other men cocked their guns. 

The courageous captain, knowing, as he says, that at all 
hazard " it was his duty to put his colonel's orders in exe- 
cution, was obliged to draw his sword and strike at the sol- 
dier, in order to intimidate him and the company." Colonel 
Frye testified that, owing to Captain Angler's determination 
the regiment was subdued, and a general mutiny prevented, 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxix., p. 767. 

2 Paige's History of Cambridge, quoted from Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxx., p. 95. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN IVAR. 273 

and the Fort saved from the enemy. But the soldier, having 
had his fingers cut with the sword, sued the captain for strik- 
ing him, and got a verdict from the jury against the defend- 
ant. The captain petitioned the General Court for reimburse- 
ment. He was granted fifteen pounds. 

There have not been found any records to indicate that 
Andover men were at Quebec when that city fell before the 
English, and the famous battle was fought of September, 
1759, in which Generals Wolfe and Montcalm were both 
slain. 

The campaign of 1760 was directed against Montreal, 
which was finally taken. The following is a relic of this 
expedition : — 

" The Petition ^ of Oliver Holt humbly sheweth that your peti- 
tioner was a private soldier in the expedition to Montreal in the 
year 1760 in Capt. Jenks's company, and being sent off as an In- 
valid was so much Indisposed that he was not able to Travil, when 
he arrived at Capt. Day's about tenn miles on this side Springfield, 
and was at the expence of a horse and man to assist him from there 
to Andover. Therefore, your petitioner prays that your excellency 
and Honors would take his case under your wise consideration and 
make me such allowance for s*^ expences as in your Great wisdom 
you shall think proper, which your petitioner as in daty bound shall 
ever pray. Oliver Holt. 

"Andover, April 6, 1761." 

Another petition ^ shows that Capt. Peter Parker, of Ando- 
ver, was in an expedition to Cape Breton, 1760, in Colonel 
Bagley's regiment, and that the vessel in which the company 
set sail for home was blown by storms to the West Indies, 
and did not reach home till 1761. 

Thus were our townspeople driven and tossed hither and 
thither, on sea and on land, a sacrifice to the ambition and 
the folly of princes and leaders, in " His Majesty's Service." 

A humble sufferer from the campaign of 1760 was one 
John Beverly, who subsequently became a frequent petitioner 
and a source of annoyance to the town of Andover. This 
case affords a melancholy illustration of the sometimes de- 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxix., p. 656. 

2 Ibid., vol. Ixxx., p. 717. 

18 



274 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

moralizing effects of extreme poverty. His first petition 
excites sympathy, but, after following him through the town 
treasurer's accounts for a series of years, and counting up the 
moneys expended for his maintenance, at least a thousand 
dollars, we hardly wonder at the impatience which is evinced 
in the action of the town officers. 

"The Petition^ of John Beverly Humbly Sheweth that your Pe- 
titioner, in the year 1760, Inlisted as a Private soldier into Col. 
Abijah Willard's Regiment, under Capt. William Barrow, & went 
in y" s"* service to St. Johns, Shambele, & Montreal and was not 
dismissed till the latter end of December & at No. 4, and the 
fifth day of January set out for Lunenburg. The Day Proved ex- 
tream cold & there arose a violent snowstorm and Being lost in 
the woods & Destitute of any Fireworks could not come to any 
Inhabitance for more than forty -eight Hours in which time your 
memorialist was taken by the surgeon & others. He lost both 
his Feet which came off in three weeks from that time & he ever 
since is obliged to Go upon his knees & Draw his Legs behind 
him which are yet Running sores : & so Has Received his support 
by the charity of Tender hearted & well meaning People. But 
now Being in Needy & Distressed Surcomstances Humbly Prays 
your Excellincy & Honors would be pleased to take His case 
into your wise consideration, to make such supplys for his Relief 
as you in your Grate wisdom shall see meet, & your humble servant 
shall as in duty bound ever pray. 

his mark 

John + Beverly." 

It appears from the action of the Court on this petition 
that John Beverly was a minor, was entirely incapable of tak- 
ing care of himself and (as the court states) " that his master 
Isaac Blunt, of Andover to whom said Beverly some years 
ago was put an apprentice by the selectmen of Andover, re- 
fuses to take any care of him and that Capt. William Barrow 
has drawn the said minor's wages," etc. 

It was voted that " the selectmen of Andover should take 
the wages and provide a suitable place that he may learn the 
Taylor's trade at which calling he may be serviceable." 

In 1763, the General Court granted him a pension of six 
pounds per annum, enough, one would think, to support him 

1 Alass. Archives, vol. Ixxx., p. 650. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 275 

with such aid as would be readily afforded by the charity of 
the town or individuals to a deserving person. 

In the Essex Gazette in 1775 appeared a notice, dated An- 
dover, March 31, 1775 : — 

" It is desired by the selectmen of Andover that no person would 
have any dealings with one John Beverly, a person of bad character. 
He may be known by his going about upon his knees, having lost 
both Feet." 

Another notice appears later, setting forth more fully his 
case : — 

" This is to desire all persons not to trust or to have any Deal- 
ings with one John Beverly, a person of no Property and under the 
care of the Selectmen of Andover, who are determined not to pay 
any Debts of his contracting. He may be known by his going 
about upon his knees, having lost both feet. 

Benj. Stevens, 3d, \ Selectmen 
Nathl Lovejoy, V of 
John Ingals, ) Andover. 

The life of this troublesome citizen of Andover was remark- 
ably prolonged, considering his infirmities and distresses. It 
seems longer than it was in fact, because of the frequent men- 
tion of his name in the town records and the General Court. 
He was a persistent petitioner for more than forty years. In 
1801, February 6, the House of Representatives had his case 
under consideration : — 

" On the petition of John Beverly of Andover, showing that he 
had lost both his feet in the service of his country as a soldier in 
the year 1760 «&: that the General Court in the year 1763 granted 
him a pension of six pounds annually, that he is now advanced 
in years, extremely indigent, and unable to labor, and that from the 
rise of the prices of the necessaries of life since his pension afore- 
said was granted, it has become insufBcient for his comfortable 
subsistence. Resolved that his pension be increased to forty dol- 
lars a year and that there be allowed and paid out of the Treasury 
of the town of Andover annually from this time during the life of 
said John and for his use the sum of fifty dollars to be disposed of 
by the overseers of said town for his benefit. 

" In senate read & concurred in. Approved." 

There is before the writer a book, " History of the Ameri- 



276 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

can Revolution," which has on its fly-leaf the name of John 
Beverly. It is not unlikely that he parted with it in his des- 
titution, either for the necessaries of life or for strong drink. 
However that may be, it was well kept, and yet it bears evi- 
dence of having been much read. It is written in the form 
of Chronicles like those of the Old Testament Scriptures, and 
doubtless, the quondam soldier, who was debarred by his in- 
firmities from military service in the Revolution, solaced his 
misfortunes by reading exploits of his friends and country- 
men at Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and other places familiar 
to him. 

.Beverly was a frequent guest in the kitchens of hospitable 
housewives of Old Andover, and had a reputation for capacity 
of eating and drinking. He could drink the " hardest" cider 
which the cellars had stored, and at one place the family kept 
a barrel especially for him. He happened to discover the plan 
from hearing one of the servants, who was to draw cider for 
him and another visitor of the same stamp, inquire, in an un- 
dertone, if she should get it from " Beverly's Barrel." " No," 
exclaimed he indignantly, "get it from the other barrel! " 

A relic of the campaign of 1761 remains, a leaf of a diary 
kept by Isaac Noyes, a brother of Dr. Ward Noyes. There 
are only a few lines on a leaf of a small note-book, which has 
been used for various purposes, and now after all its wander- 
ings and vicissitudes is doing domestic service in an Old An- 
dover kitchen as a cookery recipe-book. In its day, at camp- 
fire or by chimney-corner of the inns where its owner tarried, 
it has seen many a savory, and perhaps many an unsavory meal 
made ready where bayonets gleamed and powder flashed over 
frying-pan and kettle, but now the most stirring scenes in 
which it figures are the concoctions of church-conference 
puddings and pies or tea-party cakes and doughnuts. 

The entire fragment, which has little of the military flavor, 
save the marching, is as follows : — 

''''Aug. 27, 1761. I set out from Billerica and marched to Con- 
cord and Lodged at Howards'. 

" 28//^. I marched to Shrewsbury and lodged at furnishes. 

"29//^. Marched to Brookfield and lodged at Adriatic House. 

'■''2,0th. I marched to Kingston and their overtook part of the 
company. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 277 

"31^-/. I marched to Blandford and Lodged at Knoyes. 

" ilth. I marched to and lodged at the widow Jack- 
son. 

"14///. Marched to lodgings" 

The expenses of the Province for these wars were heavy. 
In the year 1753, the tax levied was twenty thousand, seven 
hundred, forty-two pounds. Andover was apportioned eighty- 
one pounds. The warrant received by Mr. John Abbot, 
constable, for its collection, authorized him in case of non- 
payment to " distreyn the Person or persons so refusing or 
neglecting .... by his or their Goods or chattels, to keep 
the Distress or distresses so taken for four days at the cost 
of the owner," and then, if payment were not made, to sell 
them " at an Outcry," for payment, the overplus, after paying 
all charges, to be restored to the owner. " If no sufficient 
Distress can be found, then the Person or Persons were to be 
committed to the Common Goal as the law directs." 

The following list presents the names of the principal 
officers in service in the French War : — 

List of Officers. 

1745-1763- 

Col. Joseph Frye. Capt. Jonathan Poor. 

Lt.-col. James Frye. Capt. Asa Stevens. 

Adjt. Col. Moody Bridges. Capt. James Stevens. 

Surgeon Ward Noyes. Capt. John Wright.^ 

Surgeon Abiel Abbot. Capt. Isaac Osgood. 

Capt. John Farnum. Lieut. John Peabody. 

Capt. Thomas Farrington. Lieut. Nathan Chandler. 

Capt. Abiel Frye. Lieut. Jacob Farrington. 

Capt. Asa Foster. Lieut. Nicholas Holt. 

Capt. Henry Ingalls. Ensign Nathaniel Lovejoy. 

Capt. Peter Parker. Ensign George Abbot. 

Capt. James Parker. Ensign John Foster. 

Capt. Thomas Poor. Ensign William Russ. 

Capt. Thomas Farrington entered the service in the Revo- 
lutionary War,2 and the following testimony to his merit as 

1 Lieutenant at Andover, 1748. 1758 at Georgetown. 

2 He then commanded a company from Groton. 



278 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

an officer is made by James Otis in recommending him with 
others to General Washington as candidate for a commis- 
sion : — 

Council Chamber,^ Nov. 4, 1775. 

" Sir : The Board beg leave to inform your excellency that from 
the best authority it appears that Capt. David Parsons, Thomas 
Farrington & Simon Stevens were employed in the service of their 
country in the late war from the year 1755 to the Reduction of 
Canada, in the course of which time they were advanced by their 
own personal Merit from private to the command of companies, and 
having Signified to the Board their Desire of entering into the 
present service of the United Colonies and considering that many 
vacancies have or may happen by Death and Resignations we 
would therefore recommend them to your excellency as candidates 
to fill such vacancies in the army as your excellency upon exami- 
nation shall find their abilities to deserve. 

" In the name of or by order of y^ council.. 

" His Excellency James Otis. 

" George Washington." 

Captain Farrington submitted with this paper a record of 
his service. 

As the companies, in service in this war, were not usually 
made up from men of the same town, and often the names of 
residence are not given in the muster rolls, it has not been 
thought best to attempt to collect the names of the soldiers 
in service. 

The men of Andover who during this period represented 
its interests, and expressed its sentiments in the General 
Court, may be not inappropriately noticed in this connection. 
They were active in attending to the welfare of the soldiers, 
and, to their exertions was due the success of many of the 
petitions. 

A List of Representatives to the General Court, First Quarter of the 

Town's Second Century, 

1746. Capt. Nathaniel Frye. 1750. Capt. Joseph Fry. 

1747. Capt. Nathaniel Frye. 175 1. Capt. Joseph Fry. 

1748. Capt. Nathaniel Frie. 1752. Capt. Joseph Fry. 

1749. Capt. James Stevens. i753- Capt. Joseph Fry. 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. clxiv., page 176. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 279 

1754. Major Joseph Frye. 1761. Samuel Phillips, Esq. 

1755. Mr. Joshua Frye, 1762. J^^^P^ Fj^' ^^% 
X756. Mr. Joshua Frye. 1763- Samuel Philhps, Esq. 

1757. John Osgood, Esq. 1764. J°^^P'l,^''>'^^',^.„. 

1758. John Osgood, Esq. 1765-1771- Samuel Philhps, 

1759. Samuel Phillips, Esq. Esq. 

1760. Samuel Phillips, Esq. 

justices of the Peace. 

1761. Samuel Phillips, Esq. 1765- Joseph Frye, Esq 
1761. John Osgood, Esq. 1772. Stephen Barker, Esq. 
1764. John Osgood, Jr., Esq. 

A relic of the military service of Rev. Jonathan French, 
in this war, has been found among his papers, in possession 
of his descendants at Andover,— an Almanac which has his 
name and " Castle WiUiam " written on it. It is for the year 
1 76 1 It contains the following verses on the victories ot 
our arms, which, no doubt, thrilled the sensibilities of the 
then Sergeant French : — 

" How shall ray muse in proper lines express 
Our Northern Armies Valour and Success ? 
While I am writing comes the joyful news 
Which cheers my heart anew inspires my muse. 
Our three brave armies at Montreal meet, 
A conquest of New France they three compleat. 
To God we owe the Triumphs of the Day ; 
New France submits to George's gentle sway. 
May Lewis that proud tyrant never more. 
Bear any rule upon this northern shore ! " 

A few notes may here be added respecting the manners 
and customs, and peaceful avocations of the town in this 
period. The marchings hither and thither of so many sol- 
diers made the town more or less active and bustling. There 
are frequent accounts of charges for ferrying soldiers across 
the Merrimack, and bills for their entertainment at the tav- 
erns of Andover. Henry Abbot, innholder, had charges for 
fifty-one meals, of soldiers who belonged to different com- 
panies, one or two of whom at a time seem to have tarried 
at his house on their way to and from their respective com- 
panies. Mr. Daniel Ingalls was also an innholder of this 



28o HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

period (1761), and Capt. James Frye, The traders and re- 
tailers also did a thriving business. Mr. Samuel Phillips, in 
the North Parish, and Mr. Isaac Abbot, in the South Parish, 
have large bills for various articles of merchandise furnished 
for soldiers. A relic of one of the taverns familiar to An- 
dover men, and an illustration of the customs of the time, is 
the following petition : — 

" The Petition ^ of James Kittredge jfr of Tewksbiiry in the county 
of Middlesex^ humbly sheweth — 

*' That his Father James Kittredge of said town kept a Tavern 
for many years in the same, his House being situated on the Coun- 
try Road leading from Andover to Billerica : Travellers have all- 
ways Depended upon being entertained there, but ever since the 
twenty-third day of Jany last people could have none there by rea- 
son at that time your Petr's father was taken away by Death and 
altho' he left considerable of Spirituous Liquors in the House and 
your Petr, living in the same, yet he dare not let travellers have 
any, his father's license being no warrant to him in that case, and 
as its a damage not only to Travellers but to your Petr. to have the 
stock lay Dead on his hands, he therefore himself prays your excel- 
lency-^and hons. would be pleased to Impower the Justices of Gen. 
Sessions of the Peace for the county of Middlesex at their next 
sessions to grant him License to keep a Tavern in s*^ House, that 
those Inconveniences may have a spedy Remedy, and as in Duty 
bound will ever Pray James Kittredge." 

'■'Apr. 21, 1754. It was granted in the House of Representa- 
tives. 

" Granted to empower the Court of Sessions to give a license to 
James Kittredge jr." 

The physicians and surgeons were also kept busy, not only 
those who followed the army into field, but also those at 
home* ; for the wounded and sick soldiers were constantly re- 
turning, for treatment, to their own homes, or tarrying at the 
houses of the surgeons. The case of one who stayed four 
months with Dr. John Kittredge has already been alluded 
to. The following petition is a still fuller illustration of the 
customs of the period, in the surgical practice occasioned by 
the wars : — 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. cxi., p. 299. 



THE FRENCH A AD INDIAN WAR. 28 1 

" These ^ may certify whom it may concern that I, John Kittredge 
of Andover aforesaid, sometime in the month of August last I saw 
Lieut. Simon Wade of Medford at the House of my father in 
Tewksbury which I found in dangerous circumstances by reason of 
a wound (as he enformed he Received at Fort WilHam Henry in 
the Late Expedition to Crown Point). My father enformed me 
that he was doubtful whether he would recover of his wound & to 
all appearance his wounds looked Incurable. About the term of 
three weeks (as my Father enformed me) he continued with him, 
during which time my father enformed me that the canker had 
taken his sore & it eat to a Great Degree & caused his sore to 
Bleed half a pint in one night & that he Despaired of his recovery ; 
sometime in the month of Sepf last Mr. Wade put himself under 
my care (by reason that my father was labouring under bodily In- 
disposition) & from s"^ month of Sept. to the Day of the Date hereof 
s'^ Wade hath been under my care &: for the greatest part of the 
Time his wound was very Bad. I was obliged to take several 
pieces of Bone out of his Leg & even now Judge him to be quite 
Incapable of military Duty. John Kittredge. 

"Essex, Andover, yune 19, 1757." 

" Doctor John Kittredge personally appeared and made oath to 
the above Declaration before me. 

John Osgood, yust. Peace." 

The Vicars seem, therefore, the principal event of the times. 
Physicians, clergymen, all classes, were brought into connec- 
tion with the military affairs. The schools felt the depress- 
ing effects of so much military service, especially when the 
youth, the very flower of the towns, were drafted into the 
king's service, and even school-boys quitted their Latin acci- 
dence for the military manual, the gun, and knapsack. Every 
class of the community, every trade and industry, was more 
or less affected ; so that, notwithstanding all that is said 
about the magnifying of war on the page of history, it is 
impossible that it ever should be magnified there beyond 
the reality which it is in a community on which its baleful 
shadow falls. Perhaps one reason why its incidents are more 
often recited than those of peace, is that besides their more 
dramatic and thrilling interest there have been kept fuller 

^ Mass. Archives, vol. Ixxvi., p. 241. 



282 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

materials for details. Muster-rolls and petitions remain in 
the archives, memoranda of deaths in the town register, com- ' 
mission and letter, and musket and bayonet, among family 
heirlooms, while few traces exist of the peaceful avocations 
of the citizens in the mean time. The same facts are em- 
phatically true in regard to the part which the women of the 
past took in its history. Except in regard to a very few 
exceptional women, wives of ministers or eminent men, or 
women of some very marked individuality, few records exist. 
The names of women petitioners, for friends and relatives 
killed or wounded in the wars, show to some extent what 
their peculiar part was, then (as it has always been, and to 
a great degree will probably always be), — to endure with 
patience and fortitude the inevitable. Some women of this 
time scarcely knew what it was to pass a year without anx- 
ious suspense for the fate of husband or son, brother or 
lover, in the wars. That they bore cheerfully these priva- 
tions, and in some instances even made great sacrifice for 
the sake of the suffering, the scanty records show. 

Witness the following testimony from the selectmen of 
Andover, in regard to an Andover woman's hospitality to a 
stranger soldier : — 

" The Petition ^ of the selectmen of the Town of Andover hereby 
sheweth : That Jeremiah Burnum of Ipswich, who was in the last 
year in His Majesty's service at the westward in the Regiment 
under Col. Joseph Ruggles and company under Capt. Bailey. Upon 
his return from s*^ service he the s** Burnum was taken sick with 
the small-pox in said Andover on the 4th of December last. Being 
utterly unable to Travel any further did then and there cast him- 
self upon the pity and charity of one Mrs. Lidia Tyler, who out of 
pure compassion to a fellow mortal tho' an utter stranger and with 
Great inconvenience & Danger to Herself and Numerous Family 
of small children did Admit said Burnum to her House and after 
making all Necessary provision for His Comfort that was in her 
power, any ways consistent -with Her and children's safety, did 
forthwith apply to your petitioners for Relief under her distressed 
situation. Your petitioners did then take the s** Burnum into their 
care and make the Best provision as to Doctor, Nurses, House 

1 Mass, Archives, Ixxix., p. 456. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 283 

Room, &c., that was in their power, which was attended with con- 
siderable charge & expense, the Particulars whereof are as follows, 
viz," etc. [Total nine pounds.] 
"Andover, Feb. 25, 1761." 

In comparing this period of our towns history with the 
present it is impossible to avoid the conviction that the long 
period of military service, and the consequently varied life 
and many vicissitudes experienced by a large number of citi- 
zens must have contributed to increase the intelligence and 
men'tal activity of the community. Distant places became 
familiar, and many phases of life were known to the Andover 
yeoman, who had roughed it in camp and field from Nova 
Scotia to Ticonderoga, had slept beside the Indian in his 
wi-wam, heard mass from the lips of the Jesuit missionary, 
and been comrade-in-arms of His Majesty King George the 
Second's Regulars. When we reflect that some of the men 
were thus trained who fought the battles of the Revolution, 
we shall not be surprised at the energy and perseverance 
which carried through successfully that hazardous undertak- 
ino- of separating from the British government. 

The everyday life of the pre-Revolutionary period —this 
time of the French War — was quite unlike that of a few years 
later, when " liberty, equality, and fraternity " had changed 
the social customs. 

The early colonial period was of necessity one of simphcity. 
Few families had wealth, and still fewer had luxuries and ele- 
gances But a hundred years had made great changes. In 
1 65 1 the representative to the General Court from Andover, 
dyino- left an inventory of household goods in which not a 
piece of silver was named, and of which everything was hum- 
ble in the extreme. But in the valuations and inventories of 
175 1 to 1 77 1 are mentioned silver plate and chaises and 
slaves ; and there are families which have relics of that period, 
heirlooms of silver and mahogany and tapestry, family por- 
traits and wardrobes which show wealth and refinement, and 
indicate the elegance of apparel and furniture then indulged 
by persons of social rank. The distinctions in style of living 
and dress were great, and the humbler classes, even the well- 



284 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

to-do farmers, had the idea firmly implanted in their minds 
that any attempt to imitate the fashions of the " gentlemen " 
was foolish and wicked. Yet there was thrift and comfort in 
many houses where there was no attempt at " style." The 
following extract, from a will made by one of the rich farmers 
of North Andover (on the Boxford ^ line), in 1771, is an in- 
teresting relic, and illustration of the style of living of the 
rich farmers. The writer of the will was Mr. John Peabody, 
father of Capt. John Peabody, of the Revolutionary service, 
of Lieut. Oliver Peabody, and Rev. Stephen Peabody : — 

" As my well beloved wife Sarah Peabody is so far advanced in 
years as renders her unable to Improve the third part of my Real 
Estate which by Law she will be Intitled to I have thought that 
an Annual Supply of the Necessaries and Comforts of Life will be 
more agreeable to her than the Improvement of a Third of my 
said Estate can possibly be. Therefore It's my Will and I do 
hereby order that my three sons shall annually provide and de- 
liver to Her the following articles, viz. Twenty Bushels of Indian 
Meal, three bushels of wheat meal or Floure equivalent thereto, 
three hundred Pounds of Porke, one hundred pounds of Beef, 
fifty pounds of fresh Meat to be either Lamb or Veal as she shall 
choose, eighty pounds of Butter, one hundred pounds of Cheese, 
as much new milk as she shall have need of for her own use, or in 
lieu of the Butter cheese & milk above mentioned to keep her two 
good milch cows if she shall choose it. Also as much salt & spices 
of every sort as she shall need for her own use. Likewise six bar- 
rels of Cyder, Six gallons of Molasses, four gallons of Rum, fifty six 
pounds of Sugar, two bushels of Malt, twelve pounds of Sheeps 
wool, thirty pounds of flax, & as much fire wood as she shall need 
to be cut fit for her fire and not only brought to her Doore but 
brought into her Dwelling-Room or Rooms as she shall want it. 
Also as many apples (such as she shall choose) in my orchard and 
as many Cabages, Turneps, Potatoes, Carrots, Parnsneps, Beets, 
green & drie Beans & Pease as she shall want for her own Con- 
sumption ; and keep her a good horse, and my chaise in good order 
Ready at her command whenever she may want to ride to Meet- 
ing or elsewhere, and whenever she may be exercised with Sick- 
ness or lameness she shall be provided with a good nurse & able 
Physician as her case may require. 

1 The homestead of the late Daniel R. Gage. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 285 

" I give to my said wife the Improvement of Two Rooms in my 
dwelling house, together with as much liberty in my wash-house as 
she shall have occasion for, .... the use of my Household goods 
of every Denomination .... also she shall have sufficient Room 
in my Pew in the North Meeting-House, in Andover aforesaid, 
whenever she attends the Publick worship of God there." .... 

In some households negro slaves were still kept, and sales 
were occasionally made, although public sentiment was against 
it. The apprentice system of labor prevailed, and young per- 
sons were bound out to trades and to housework.^ The mode 
of travelling had changed largely from the saddle and the pil- 
lion to the more comfortable, though less picturesque, family 
chaise ; or for public conveyance, the stage-coach had been 
introduced. There are among the papers of many families, 
certificates of taxes, paid at this period and later, for the 
chaises kept. The stage-coach did not come into general 
use, except for long routes, as Boston to Portsmouth, until 
somewhat later, during and after the Revolution. 

This pre-Revolutionary and provincial period, when the 
people were all loyal to King George's government, and when, 
to a great degree, the aristocratic ideas and customs of the 
old country prevailed, is a pleasant picture on the page of 
history, and we cannot help lingering a little regretfully be- 
fore turning the leaf which opens upon change and commo- 
tion and bloodshed, and transforms our townsmen from lov- 
ing subjects of the sovereign lord, the King of Great Britain, 
France, and Ireland, to free and independent citizens of the 
United States of America. 

^ See Chapter I. 



CHAPTER V. 

THE PART OF ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 

The French War had hardly come to a close before the mut- 
terings of the Revolutionary storm began to be heard, and at 
no place sooner than at Andover. The town had cheerfully 
contributed men and naoney, so long as these were needed, to 
defend the Province from French aggression, and her propor- 
tion of the taxes which followed she bore patiently. This bur- 
den was not light, for the levy was chiefly on real estate, in 
which the wealth of the town principally consisted. Yet, 
though ready to bear her just part of the common burden, An- 
dover early showed a jealousy of any measure of taxation which 
looked toward an infringement of the rights of individuals or 
involved surrender of important principles. Even though for 
the time the measures might operate to the pecuniary advan- 
tage of the community, it was clearly discerned that the tem- 
porary gain might prove an eventual loss and permanent harm. 

Thus, when the General Court proposed an excise on spir- 
ituous liquors, which would lighten the tax on real estate, and 
the bill was greatly favored by many of the agricultural towns, 
Andover joined her voice to that of Boston and the sea-board 
cities against it. It involved the right of search of private 
houses and conferred powers which were thought to be dan- 
gerous and subversive of liberty. When the British Parlia- 
ment began the series of acts of taxation, and the colonies 
the acts of resistance which culminated in rebellion, Andover 
was one of the most uncompromising foes of the oppressive 
measures. 

The passage of the Stamp Act called forth the following 
declaration of the sentiments of the town, which was given 
as " instructions " to the representative to the General Court, 
Mr. Samuel Phillips, Sen. : — 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 287 

....'* That you do not give your assent to any act of Assem- 
bly that shall signify any willingness in your constituents to sub- 
mit to any internal taxes that are under any color imposed other- 
wise than' by the General Court of this Trovince agreeable to the 
constitution of this Government." 

The resolution also expressed fears : — 

" That by sundry acts, especially by an act commonly called the 
stamp-act, we are in danger of being not only reduced to such in- 
di"-ent circumstances as will render us unable to manifest our loy- 
alty to the crown of Great Britain, as upon all occasions we have 
hitherto done by cheerfully exhibiting our substance for the de- 
fence of the British dominions in this part of the world, but of 
being deprived of some of our most valuable privileges which by 
charter and loyalty we have always thought and still think our- 
selves justly entitled to." 

Furthermore the town charges its representative to strive 
for the repeal of the obnoxious act : — 

. ..." To join in such dutiful remonstrances to the king and 
parliament and other becoming measures as shall carry the great- 
est probability to obtain an alleviation of the embarrassments the 
commercial affairs of this province labor under by the vigorous 
execution of the acts of Parliament respecting the same." 

But, while enjoining this upon their representative, the town 
was careful to express disapproval of the violent measures 
taken in some places, and urged that the representative should 
give his influence against them : — 

" That you would use your best endeavors in conjunction with 
the other members of the General Court to suppress all riotous 
unlawful acts of violence upon the persons and substance of his 
majesty's subjects in this quarter." 

When the excitement increased, and there were hangings- 
in-effigy, tarrings and featherings, destruction of property, 
and danger to life, from the too zealous " sons of liberty," the 
town of Andover did everything possible, to check such un- 
lawful demonstrations ; voting " utter detestation and abhor- 
rence of all such violent and extravagant proceedings," and 
giving orders to the selectmen, the militia ofificers, and the 
magistrates, to cooperate to prevent such disorders ; engaging 



288 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

that the freeholders and other inhabitants should support them 
in maintaining quiet and order. Indeed, so dispassionate was 
the general sentiment of the town that it was voted to in- 
struct their representative to use his influence in the General 
Court to have reparation made to the sufferers in Boston, to- 
ries or loyalists, for the losses sustained by them from the 
violence of the " Sons of Liberty." 

Yet the determination to pursue a course of resistance to 
oppression was strong. The town in 1768 chose a committee 
to consider what measures could be adopted suited to the ex- 
igencies of the time. The members were Samuel Phillips, 
y Esq., Capt. Asa Foster, C a^t. Peter Osg ood, George Abbot, 
Esq., Col. James Fry, Capt. John Foster, and Mr. Joshua 
Holt. They recommended especially " the suppression of 
idleness, extravagance, and vice, and the promoting of in- 
dustry, economy, and good morals, and by all prudent means 
to endeavor to discountenance the importation and use of 
foreign superfluities and to promote and encourage manufact- 
ures in the town." 

This report was primarily designed to promote indepen- 
dence of British manufacturers and imports, in resistance to 
and retaliation for the unjust taxation. 

Then it became fashionable to dress in homespun instead 
of broadcloth and brocade, to practise at the spinning wheel 
and the loom instead of the embroidery frame and the sam- 
pler. Even the students of Harvard College in their patriotic 
ardor voted " to take their degrees in the manufactures of 
the country." 

The students from Andover, Samuel Phillips and David 
Osgood, were among the most forward in helping on the pa- 
triotic or rebellious spirit, as it was variously styled. Samuel 
Phillips, for one of his themes, took the subject " Liberty," 
and wrote his sentiments in regard to British oppression : 
" We should watch against every encroachment and with the 
fortitude of calm, intrepid resolution oppose them. Unborn 
generations will either bless us for our activity and magna- 
nimity, or curse us for our pusillanimity." 

While the youth were writing themes and declaiming pa- 
triotism, their elders were speaking and acting, where words 



AND OVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 289 

and action were more perilous and more important. Their 
action was not, however, always so impetuous as would have 
been acceptable to young and fiery spirits. 

The Convention of Delegates, to which Samuel Phillips 
Esq., was sent, was moderate and conciliatory in tone, declared 
their desire to be peace and order, and drew up a humble 
petition to the King. But before the Convention adjourned, 
two regiments of the King's troops had arrived in Boston, 
September, 1768. Doubtless the representative from An- 
dover saw them march up to the Common. At any rate, his 
son saw them when he came over from Cambridge, as he 
records in his journal, and his indignation kindled at the sight. 
The General Court would not transact business under the 
overawing of British bayonets, and the Governor was obliged 
to adjourn it to Cambridge. The Boston people became irri- 
table and exasperated and finally desperate, with the " red- 
coats" always at hand. The mob taunted the troops, the 
troops fired on the mob. 

The Boston Massacre aroused the whole country. Andover 
voted. May, 1 770, " to sustain Boston in repelling tyranny 
and oppression and establishing those rights which they are 
entitled to as men and as Englishmen." 

The town took a determined stand with regard to any who 
should refuse to join heart and hand in opposing the acts of 
the British Government. No man should be harmed by a 
lawless mob, but all should be punished legally and condignly. 
All persons who refused to sign the non-importation act were 
declared to'be " enemies of the Country, divested of every pub- 
lic virtue and even of humanity itself, regardless of and deaf 
to, the miseries and calamities which threaten the people, pre- 
ferring their own private interest to the liberty and freedom 
of the community, and sordidly endeavoring to counteract 
such benevolent and salutar}'' agreement." 

With such persons, the lovers of liberty voted to have no 
commercial or social connections, directly or indirectly. 
Whoever such persons were, many or few, high or low, they 
seem to have been effectually silenced and subdued. For, 
while in almost alHhe large towns, as Cambridge, for example, 
tories were numerous, no records of any have been found at 

19 



290 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Andover. At the town meetings, every measure was carried 
nemine cojitradicente. Although the representative from 
Andover, Samuel Phillips, Sen., Esq., was conservative and 
cautious, less ardent than some of his constituents, his affilia- 
tions were with the prime movers of the Revolution. May 
28, 1772, occurs the following in the Records of the Gen- 
eral Court : — 

" The Secretary went down to the House of Representatives 
with a message from his Excellency the Governor to desire that 
they would send up John Hancock and Samuel Phillips, Esq., two 
of the members of the House who were chosen yesterday Council- 
lors, that they may take the proper oaths and their seats at the 
Board." 

The representative elected as the successor of Mr. Phillips 
was of a more ardent temperament and fervid oratory. His 
" instructions," not unlikely to have been of his own compos- 
ing, are grandiloquent, and were no doubt inspiring to the 
constituents who heard them read in town meeting : — 

" To Mr. Moody Bridges,^ Representative for the town of An- 
dover, Sir: We cannot but be possessed with thoughts pregnant 
with the deepest sorrow, when on every side we behold the most 
bold innovations made upon our civil rights. Resentments against 
the daring invader and distress of mind for the wound liberty had 
received alternately perplex our anxious hearts, — that liberty 
which we cannot view but it points us to the Dangerous methods 
by which it was purchased. How many of our Distant Relations 
led on by an insatiable thirst for Liberty freely exchanged the crim- 
son stream of Life for her and strictly enjoined it upon Posterity 
to esteem them as inseparable companions. And now by adher- 
ing thereto they have produced ferments and contention. But 
should our Rulers for that reason be left to do what they please 
without control .-' If a Man's house is attacked, he has certainly a 
right to alarm the neighborhood, and if any bad consequences 
should ensue upon it, is he to be blamed for them ? But to whom 
must the excess of this warmth and Resentment be imputed ? To 
those who found themselves under the unhappy necessity of stand- 
ing up courageously in their own Defence or to him who reduced 
them to that disagreeable necessity. Who may most properly be 
said to inflame the Mind of the People, those who opposed an un- 

1 Town Records, 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIOXARY WAR. 291 

natural scheme which they justly apprehended to be big with their 
own destruction, or he who projected and persisted in it till it cre- 
ated tumults that threatened the peace and tranquillity of the Prov- 
ince ? Therefore, \ve advise you, sir, to oppose, not with an indif- 
ferent coolness, but with unremitted resentment everything that 
threatens the peaceful and quiet enjoyment of our Liberties. 

" We already see the subject deprived of his essential rights to a 
tryal of juries ; his house and business exposed to a parcel of 
low-lived officers under the absolute direction of the crown and our 
civil magistrates dependent on the same for their support. We 
have seen a native of this Province invested with Power resembling 
that of a Spanish Inquisition. To be condemned to dig half-starved 
and chilled in Mines where Hope and Daylight never visit the poor 
wretches could not inspire a true Englishman with more resent- 
ment and detestation than this newly invented and alarming Tribu- 
nal in a sister Province. May all that is dear in Nature defend 
us, and not only us but our Domesticities that are possessed of the 
least degree of feeling, from such an Inquisition, To you we pre- 
sent our tender offspring. Upon you their as well as our own hap- 
piness or Misery depend in part, for which you will in future ages 
receive their unbounded gratitude, or most exasperated impreca- 
tions. We further enjoin you to return our sincere thanks to the 
town of Boston for their unwearied exertions in the cause of Lib- 
erty, inform them that although we did not answer their letter per- 
sonally, yet we received it thankfully, perused it, and united in sen- 
timent with it." 

The measures of General Gage, in 1774, were such as to 
justify the strong expressions of these and other similar in- 
structions to the representatives. He collected at Boston 
stores and ordnance, seizing all which he could find in the 
vicinity, fortified Boston Neck, thus cutting off the country 
people from communication with their friends in the city, and 
dissolving the General Court, he governed by a Council wholly 
pliant to his purposes. Thirteen of the councillors elected by 
the General Court he rejected. Among these were two, well 
known at Andover, the Hon. Jedediah Foster and Hon. Wil- 
liam Phillips. Though not residents of the town, they were 
closely connected with its interests, and their rejection by the 
Governor was greatly resented. The people began to talk 
openly of using force, resorting to arms to maintain liberty. 



292 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

The First Provincial Congress met at Salem, September, 
1774. Mr. Moody Bridges was sent from Andover. The 
Congress directed a committee to see about organizing the 
militia to ascertain the quantity of arms, cannon, and gun- 
powder in the Province, and to encourage military discipline. 

Andover had already anticipated this action. In town- 
meeting, June, 1774, the question being put, " Whether the 
town will direct the selectmen to make enquiry into the Town- 
Stock of ammunition and if found deficient to make such ad- 
ditions as the law requires," it passed in the affirmative. This 
meeting also chose a committee of nine to consider what was 
best to be done in the embarrassment and distress of the 
Province, and though, as they say, in view of the approaching 
Congress in whose wisdom and fidelity they place great con- 
fidence they do not wish to commit themselves to any action, 
to go into " any decisive, binding engagement previous to that 
Congress, they desire to assure their brethren through the 
continent of their hearty good wishes to the common cause 
of liberty and our Country." Thus, high and clear, rang out 
the voice of old Andover, among the very first to join, or 
rather to start the chorus that soon swelled strong for liberty 
and independence. 

During the session of the Provincial Congress, the Conti- 
nental Congress was also in session. The latter was upheld 
and sustained by the action of the former, and, as the Conti- 
nental Congress derived encouragement and support from 
the assemblies of the Provinces, so these in turn were urged 
on by the patriotic action of the towns. The little gather- 
ings of freeholders and inhabitants in the meeting-houses of 
Massachusetts, of homespun garb and rustic manners, but of 
sagacity born of generations of intelligent freeholding and 
voting, of sobriety from generations of Bible-reading and 
prayer, and of unfaltering faith in the God of nations, exhib- 
ited a firmness and dispassionateness unparalleled in the his- 
tory of revolutions. 

The action and utterances of Andover were among the 
most determined and dignified. It is impossible to read 
through the records of our town at this period without feel- 
ing pride in the possession of such a heritage. Besides the 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 293 

Sturdy patriotism of the yeomanry, the bone and sinew of the 
town's strength, there was at Andover, more than in most 
country towns, an clement of scholarly culture, a fine sense 
of propriety, a consciousness of influence. 

The town spoke as though her voice was sure to be heard, 
and as though sensible that her words ought to be well con- 
sidered and carefully chosen. In Mr. Samuel Phillips, Jr., 
who, immediately after his graduation, became active in af- 
fairs, the town had a valuable acquisition to its counsels. 
His speeches carried conviction. Says his biographer : ^ 
" For mere rhetorical declamation he had no aptness and no 
taste. His was the practical and solid oratory of a calm, far- 
seeing mind deeply moved yet never swayed by simple emo- 
tion." 

Here, too, was the elder Phillips, inflexible, conservative,^ 
but with his conservatism in the direction of holding to con- 
stitutional rights and charters antecedent to Lord North's 
Parliament and King George the Third, and his inflexibility 
never to yield to oppression. 

Here, too, was Samuel Johnson, the afterward Colonel of 
the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, a man of persuasive 
eloquence and ardent patriotism, and of remarkable personal 
influence ; also preeminent was the Hon. Samuel Osgood, 
whose voice was listened to with respect by councillors ; and 
there was, moreover, the popular oratory of Moody Bridges, 
which thrilled the multitude ; and the off-hand, rough, but 
effective speech of Col. James Frye, who, priding himself on 
being a fighter, and not a maker of phrases, when he had 
anything to say said it with an emphasis, and elicited ap- 
plause. 

There were, too, in Andover many others who would have 
been conspicuous where there were fewer distinguished men, 
of ability above the average of rural towns. A Committee 
of Circumspection, chosen by the town, June, 1774, included 
the following names : " Mr. Moody Bridges, Samuel Phil- 
lips, junior, Samuel Osgood, junr., Capt. John Farnum, Mr. 

1 Life of Judge Phillips, by Rev. John L. Taylor. 

2 It was sometimes said he was not in full sympathy with the Revolution, but 
there is no evidence of his having been ever lacking in patriotism. 



294 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Joshua Holt, Capt. Asa Foster, Mr. Asa Abbot, Mr. Nehe- 
miah Abbot, Lieut. Henry Abbot, Dea. Joseph Abbot, Capt. 
Samuel Johnson, Ensign Josiah Blanchard, Ensign John 
Barker, Col. George' Abbot, Col. James Frye, Lieut. Nathan 
Chandler, Mr. Benjamin Poor, Capt. Isaac Osgood, Doct 
Joseph Osgood, Mr. David Abbot, Lieut. John Ingalls, Mr. 
Barachias Abbot, Ensign Stephen Holt, John Abbot 4th, 
Sergeant John Abbot, Mr. WilHam Foster, Mr. Ebenezer 
Poor, Dea. John Dean, Mr. Benjamin Farnum, Mr. Samuel 
Frye." 

The duty of these was defined to be as follows : — 

, . . . " Till there may be a meeting of the town in consequence 
of the result of the continental congress, to embrace all convenient 
opportunities by precept and by example to inculcate and urge on 
the inhabitants the importance and necessity that each individual 
employ his influence to discountenance every practice that may 
appear unfriendly to the prosperity of the community, and equally 
exert himself to encourage those of a contrary tendency and to give 
them that attention which the nature of their office may require." 

Agreeably to the advice of the Continental Congress, the 
town entered into a " solemn ^ league and covenant to con- 

1 The enemies of their country would have been cordially treated and heartily 
applauded in Andover of the old country, as appears from the following ad- 
dress ^ : — 

" To THE King's most excellent Majesty, the humble Address of the 
Bailiff. Steward, Approved-Men and Burgesses of the Borough of Andevor in 
Common Council assembled Most gracious Sovereign : 

" We your- Majesty' most dutiful subjects, the Bailiff, Steward, Approved- 
Men and Burgesses of your ancient Borough of Andover, beg leave to approach 
your royal person, to testify the abhorrence we have of the rebellious revolt of 
many of your American subjects, under the false pretence of asserting rights 
they never had, but in reality with a design of casting off their allegiance to your 
Majesty, and their dependence in the British Empire of which they are an un- 
doubted part. 

" We have too much reason to fear that the spirit of disobedience now raging 
in this distant part of your Majesty's Dominions with all the madness of arbi- 
trary riot and cruelty hath been worked up to its present alarming crisis, by the 
artful insinuation of some designing leaders, who have themselves other pursuits 
in view than what their deluded followers may perhaps as yet suspect. 

" We trust and do most sincerely hope that this will eventually turn out to be 
the case, and that these unhappy and misguided men will soon see the fatal ten- 
dency of their rash proceedings and return to their duty." 

1 Force's American Archives. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 295 

form to the act for non-importation, non-exportation, and 
non-consumption of British goods." All the persons in town, 
over twenty years of age, who refused to sign this were to be 
published in the "Essex Gazette" as enemies ^ of their coun- 
try, and their names entered on the town records. 

A Committee of Inspection for the town was chosen Janu- 
ary 2, 1775, "to see that the Resolves of the Continental Con- 
gress and Provincial Congress were adhered to — to inspect 
the merchants and traders in this town," and get inventories 
of their merchandise, and see that they complied with the 
orders issued ; also " to inspect the conduct of every person in 
the toxvn touching the aforesaid association." 

" The names of this committee were : Col. James Frye, 
George Abbot, Esq., Col. Samuel Johnson, Ensign Joshua 
Holt, Capt. John Farnum, Mr. Nehemiah Abbot, Mr. Moody 
Bridges, Ensign Stephen Holt, Messrs. Asa Abbot, Samuel 
Frye, and Lieut. John Ingalls. 

In the December previous, a Committee of Safety had been 
chosen to maintain " peace and harmony hitherto so happily 
continued, to suppress all unwarrantable mobs and riots, to 
promote good will and affection toward one another and more 
especially by their life and conversation as well as by their 
prudent and seasonable advice to recommend a reformation 
in life and manners so much to be wished for, and earnestly 
supplicated by all good men." 

The names of this committee were : " Hon. Samuel Phil- 
lips, Esq., Capt. Peter Osgood, Deacon Samuel Barker, Doct. 
Joseph^ Osgood, Col. George Abbot, Capt. John Farnum, 
Capt.'Asa Foster, Col. James Frye, Capt. Henry Ingalls, 
Lieut. Nathan Chandler, Ens. Josiah Blanchard, Ensign 
Joshua Holt, Deacon Joseph Abbot, Mr. Barachias' Abbot, 
Capt. John Abbot, William Abbot." 

Before the year 1775 came in, the military companies had 
been, by vote of the town, ordered to meet every week, and 
the moneys collected by the constable, or collectors, were 
ordered to be withheld from the treasurer under the Gov- 
ernor's control, and to be placed at the disposal of the Re- 
ceiver-general appointed by the Provincial Congress. 

1 No such names are found. 



296 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

So, in vigilance and circumspection, in anxiety and prep- 
aration, the old year went out and the new year began, — the 
year whose close would see the soil of Massachusetts stained 
with brothers' blood, and many homes of Andover desolate ; 
fathers, brothers, and sons doing duty in a distant camp, or 
at rest in a soldier's grave. 

In February, the town records begin to look like work in 
earnest : — 

" Voted, that the enlisted soldiers be furnished with bayonets at 
the expense of the town. Voted, that a committee be chosen to 
collect the bayonets now in the hands of individuals in this Town 
and provide such a number of new ones as will be sufficient to sup- 
ply the minute men. Voted, that the Committee chosen at the last 
meeting to procure bayonets collect as many as they can of those 
belonging to the Province by next Wednesday, two o'clock, p. m., 
that they procure one hundred more to be made as soon as possible 
and supply those firelocks that are effective which belong to the 
minute men with good bayonets as soon as may be." 

What the people did outside of town-meeting, and how the 
enlisted men referred to had been enlisted, we learn from a 
letter in the " Essex Gazette," contributed from Andover. It 
was not then common as now to have correspondence and 
reports from the several towns, and the publication of this 
shows that the action of the town was regarded as exemplary 
and important to be widely known : — 

"Andover, Feb. 2, 1775. 

" Last Tuesday at 2 o'clock p. m. the town foot-companies of the 
4th regiment of Militia in the County of Essex, Inhabitants of the 
North Parish in Andover, being mustered (after attending prayers 
for the direction of the God of armies), Col. Samuel Johnson, lately 
chosen first officer of said regiment, addressed himself to the com- 
panie and with great zeal recommended to them the necessity of 
enlisting themselves into the service of the province and in a short 
time fifty able-bodied effective men, being one quarter part of said 
companies — more than a third part of whom are heads of families 
and men of substance and Probity, willingly offered themselves : 
they were then escorted to an Inn, where they made choice of Capt. 
Thomas Poor, junr, for their captain, Ensign Benjamin Farnum first 
lieutenant, and Samuel Johnson junr. for second lieutenant. They 
then subscribed a covenant obliging them to conform to the Re- 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 297 

solves of the former or any future Congress or General Assembly 
of the Province that hath or may have Relation to their Duty, and 
by said Covenant subjected themselves to martial discipline for the 
term of one year from the time of their enlisting. And this day 
the two companies in the South Parish in this town were mustered 
at two o'clock afternoon, when after attending prayers for direction, 
Col. Johnson enlisted forty-five able-bodied men as aforesaid and 
of the like condition and probity, being one quarter part of said 
companies last mentioned, who immediately proceeded to make 
choice of Capt. Benjamin Ames for their captain, Lieut. David 
Chandler first lieutenant and Isaac Abbot for second lieutenant, 
and subscribed the covenant aforesaid. All being performed with 
great unanimity, seriousness and decorum, and the soldiers seem- 
ing rather to be animated than disheartened by the late disagree- 
able news contained in the king's speech." 

It will be seen from the above that there were at this time 
four militia companies at Andover, containing in all four hun- 
dred men. The two companies, commanded respectively by- 
Captain Poor and Captain Ames, appear, in the muster-rolls \/ 
of the " Lexington Alarm," in the regiment of Col. James Frye. 
They are, doubtless, the same referred to iiere. Although 
Colonel Johnson enlisted the men they were regimented un- 
der Colonel Frye. 

The roll ^ of these companies, the names of the men of 
Andover who first responded to their country's call, is as fol- 
lows : — 

" A Muster Roll of the Minute Men under the Command of Cap- 
tain Thomas Poor of Andover in Colonel jfames Frye's Regiment 
From the Nineteenth of April, lyiS^ ^0 ^^^^ ^5^^^ of sd Month." 

Thomas Poor, Capt. Benjamin Parker, do. William Gordon. 

Benjamin Farnum, Lieut. Neliemiali Abbot, Privet. Joshua Johnson. 

Samuel Johnson, 2 do. John Barker, jun. Phineas Johnson. 

John Chickering, Sergt. John Barker, 3"'. Isaiah Ingalls. 

Cyrus Marble, do. Jacob Barnard. Peter Johnson. 

Philip Farrington, do. Ingalls Bragg. Phineas Ingals. 

William Johnson, do. John Clark. Abiel I.ovejoy. 

Joshua Frye, drummer. Zechariah Chickering. Ephraim Lasey. 

Joshua Long, fifer. Thomas Clark. John Nichols. 

John Parker, corporal. Stephen Farrington. Timothy Noyes, jr. 

Peter Farnum, do. John Farrington. Asa Osgood. 

John Johnson, do. Jonathan Gardner. Abraham Poor. 

1 Secretary's office — State House. 



298 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



Michael Parker. 
Stephen Poor. 
Timothy Poor, jr. 
Enoch Parker. 
Daniel Poor, jr. 
Peter Poor, jr. 
John Parker, jr. 



Jonathan Roberson. 
Jonathan Stevens. 
David Stevens. 
Darius Sessions. 
Amos Stevens. 
James Stevens. 



John Tyler. 
Simon Wardwell. 
James Wiley. 
John Wilson. 
Samuel Carlton. 
Timothy Carlton. 



" Each of the above named persons equipt themselves with fire 
arms and all accoutrements. Thomas Poor, Captain^ -^ 

" A Muster Roll of Capt. Benjamin Afjies^s Company as Minnie 
Men in Col. jfames Frye's Regitttetit From the igth of April, 7775. 



Benjamin Ames, Capt. 
David Chandler, Lieut. 
Isaac Abbot, Lieut. 
Benjamin More, Sergt. 
Joshua Lovejoy, Sergt. 
William Chandler, Sergt. 
Thomas Boynton, Sergt. 
David Blunt, Corporal. 
Bixbe Abbot, Corp. 
Eben'r Holbrook, Corp. 
Moses Boynton, Corp. 
Joshua More, Drummer. 
Caleb Abbot, Rank and 

File. 
Nathaniel Abbot. 
Samuel Blanchard. 
Jonathan Boynton. 
Peter Chandler. 



Jonathan Commins. 
Nathan Chandler. 
William Chamberlin. 
Joseph Chandler. 
William Dane. 
Joseph Dane. 
Amos Durrant. 
Abiel Falkner. 
Theophilus Frye. 
George Holt. 
William Haggit. 
Joshua Holt. 
Jesse Holt. 
Humphrey Holt. 
John Herrick. 
Ephraim Johnson. 
Josiah Johnson. 



Josiah Jones. 
Nathan Lovejoy. 
David Lovejoy. 
Obadiah Lovejoy. 
William Lovejoy. 
Samuel Martain. 
Perley Mclntire. 
Phineas Osgood. 
Joseph Parker. 
Carlton Parker. 
John Stevens. 
Nathaniel Toy. 
James Turner. 
Jeremiah Wardwell-Pem- 

brook. 
Ezekiel Wardwel. 
James Johnson. 

Benj. Ames, Capt""- 



Colonel Johnson was indefatigable in his labors to enlist 
men for the service. On the 22d of February he was at 
Boxford, and there, as the " Gazette " records, " he addressed 
himself with great zeal to the two foot-companies of the Fourth 
Regiment, recommending to them the necessity of enlisting 
themselves into the service of the Province, and in a short 
space of time fifty-three able-bodied and effective men will- 
ingly offered themselves to serve their Province in defence 
of their liberties." 

Other towns, Haverhill, Methuen, Bradford, were visited, 
with the same results. A specimen of Colonel Johnson's 
mode of address to his regiment is given in a manuscript 



1 Lexington Alarm Rolls, vol. xiii., p. 42- 

2 Ibid., vol. xi., p. 189. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 299 

preserved among his papers. It is the first draft of an ad- 
dress or circuiar to the regiment. It is crossed off and re- 
written in some places, and bears no signature, but is per- 
fectly legible, and unmistakably the handwriting of the 
Colonel : — 

" To THE OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS of the Regwietit under my com- 
mand, with my sincere Regards to your person, and as a well-wisher 
to your Interest and Welfare and that also of the whole commu- 
nity, I present to you the following address. 

" Considering ourselves under Indispensable obligations to De- 
fend our lives and Liberties against a Potent, Avaricious, Tyran- 
nical Enemy who are incessantly contriving and Thirstily pursuing 
our utter Ruin, it Becomes us to be diligent in the use of all out- 
ward means for Defence, without which we cannot expect Divine 
Protection ; and I would Recommend to soldiers, as they would pre- 
serve their lives and liberties and everything dear to them, that 
they attend to such orders of their officers as they shall receive, and 
in particular not to fail of Giving their attendance whenever noti- 
fied to muster, which Duty I fear, according to what information I 
have had from some companies in the sd regiment, has been too 
much neglected." 

Nor does the Colonel hesitate, while urging faithfulness, 
to administer needed reproof : — 

" Officers giving way to indulgence for some reasons rather than 
to take such measures as the time points out, fills me with fear that 
Military Authority will soon be brought into contempt, and who 
would not shudder at the thought of the Consequence. I there- 
fore enjoin it upon the officers of my regiment that they see their 
orders punctually obeyed, although they should be obliged to take 
such measures as the law directs. In order hereunto, Military 
preparations are the only Measures wherewith we may expect to 
meet our enemy with safety and success." 

After thus encouraging the hearts of the wavering {if there 
were any who wavered), he goes on to exhort the soldiers to 
be themselves inspirers of their fellow-citizens : — 

" I earnestly call upon all officers in my Regiment to exert them- 
selves in their several places to cultivate a marcial spirit and Dis- 
position and to maintain their sincerity and activity therein by fre- 
quent mustering according as the Legislative Assembly has re- 
quired." 



300 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

The men enlisted, many of them untrained to subordina- 
tion, were, perhaps, somewhat reluctant to the implicit obe- 
dience necessary for military discipline. But their com- 
manding officer knew that he could appeal to their good 
sense, that they would yield to moral motives, and submit of 
their own free will. " Who is the man," he exclaims, " that 
wants the Law to quicken him to his Duty at such a time as 
this ! " He then gives some directions respecting equip- 
ments, and he adds what shows his confidence in the good- 
will of the regiment : " Compliance with the above advice & 
Injunctions will, I trust, tend not only to your Real advan- 
tage, but to the joy and satisfaction of your — [commander]." 

In March came news of the actual invasion of Essex 
County by an armed British force. To seize stores at Dan- 
vers, they were marching by way of Salem, when their pas- 
sage over a bridge was disputed by Colonel Pickering's mi- 
litia. Bloodshed was only averted by the interposition of 
moderate men, who had influence with both of the opposed 
parties. The Rev. Thomas Barnard, the grandson of the for- 
mer minister of Andover, was principal in effecting a com- 
promise. Whether some of the more zealous acquaintances 
at Andover did not think worse of him for his peace-making 
may be questioned ; for the "martial spirit" had been culti- 
vated to good purpose, and the people were ready to have 
things brought to the test of the bayonet. 

April came in ; a remarkably early spring covered the land 
with verdure, bringing tree and flower into blossom, and 
starting the tender grain, — the grass and grain and flowers 
soon to be trampled down by the tread of hurrying troops, and 
drenched with the blood of combatants. The farmers went to 
their labors in the field, as usual, but prepared at a minute's 
notice to quit them. The women did their household duties 
in a spirit of self-abnegation, awaiting the time when the du- 
ties would be unnecessary, the household being broken up. 
Life was real and intense in those days of waiting. At last 
the summons came. Who brought it, — what messenger gal- 
loping through the night, neither history nor tradition tells ; 
but old men remember how their fathers have described the 
ringing of the meeting-house bells in the early morning, 



AND OVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 301 

April 19, 1775, the beat of the alarm-drum, the hurrying 
hither and thither of breathless messengers, — how oxen 
were left standing in the field, ploughs in the furrow, the ham- 
mer dropped on the anvil, the shuttle at the loom, the corn 
left unground at the mill, the food untasted on the table, —r 
how men seized musket and bayonet, and with hardly a good- 
by or a God-bless-you, were off. Col. James Frye's eldest son 
was a farmer living across the Merrimack, in the town of Me- 
thuen. He was ploughing in the field near his house when 
the news came that the minute-men were ordered to march. 
His wife, knowing that he would lose no time, hastened out 
of the house to bid him good-by, but she found only the 
oxen and plough standing there. Hurrying down the road 
toward the town, she could from the top of the hill just descry 
her husband in the distance running at full speed. At her 
loud call he waved his hat, and was soon out of sight.^ From 
Boxford, Lieutenant Peabody, also at his field labors, heard 
the North Andover meeting-house bell, and, bidding a hasty 
farewell, left his family, not to return to them for months. 

The names of the captains who marched in command of 
companies on that day have been variously reported. Those 
given here are made up from the State muster-rolls of the 
" Lexington Alarm Rolls." There is something thrilling in 
the very names of the great folio volumes, which are crowded 
with the lists of the long-forgotten dead. From the silent 
pages sounds out to us through the centuries the cry which 
penetrated not alone to " every Middlesex village and farm," 
but which awoke the echoes of all the adjoining counties and 
towns and summoned their citizens to the conflict. 

Besides Capt. Benjamin Ames's Company and Capt. 
Thomas Poor's, there are rolls of companies acting under 
Capt. Peter Poor, First Lieutenant of Capt.^ James Sawyer's 
Company, ^Capt. Henry Abbot, Capt. Nathaniel Lovejoy's 
Company, under Lieut. John Adams, Capt. Joshua Holt. > 

The following are copies, the particulars of pay, time of 
enlistment, etc., omitted. 

1 Frye Genealogy, MS., by Mr. Theophilus Frye. 
- Not of Andover. 



302 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



'■^Muster Roll of Cotnpany Marched from Andover to Cambridge, 

S5 miles, Apr. ig, 1775:' ^ 



Peter Poor, Lieut. 
Tim" Osgood, Lieut. 
Jedediah Holt, Sergt. 
John Philips, Sergt. 
Andrew Peters, Sergt. 
Phineas Barker, Sergt. 
Benj° Abbot, Drummer. 
John Abbot. 
Spofford Ames. 
John Bridges. 
James Bridges, jr. 
Asa Barker. 
Isaac Barker. 
Benj. Barker. 
Isaac Carlton. 

''Dec. 29, 1775. 
the written roll. 



Saml Chickering. 
David Chadwick, jr. 
Joshua Chadwick. 
Eben Clarke. 
David Chene. 
Thomas Emes. 
William Frye. 
Abijah Fuller. 
Simeon Farnum. 
Jacob Grainger. 
Samuel Holt. 
David How. 
Tim° Johnson. 
Henry Ingals. 
John Kittredge. 



Thomas Kinne. 
Stephen Messer. 
Peter Marston. 
Daniel Osgood. 
Daniel Page. 
Benja. Peters. 
John Poor 3d. 
William Peabody. 
John Stickney. 
Timothy Stevens, jr. 
Jacob Stiles. 
Jacob Tyler, jr. 
Joshua Wilson. 
Obadiah Wood. 
Sam Fowler. 



Capt. Peter Poor made oath to the truth of 
Peter Poor, first Lieut. 



''A True Roll of the Travel and Service of myself and the Men 
under my command who marched in conseque7ice of the alarm niade 



on the jgth of April, A. D. 1773. 



Captain Henry Abbot. 

1. Lieut. William Foster. 

2. Lieut. John Abbot. 
Sergt. Darius Abbot. 
Clerk Moses Abbot. 
Sergt. Samuel Jenkins. 
Sergt. Joseph Holt. 
Sergt. Jonathan Abbot. 
Nathan Abbot. 

Asa Abbot. 
Nathan Abbot, jr. 
John Lovejoy Abbot. 
Samuel Burnap. 
James Burnap. 
Philemon Chandler. 
John Chandler. 
Jonathan Cummings, jr. 
Ebenezer Dale. 
Jacob Foster. 
William Goldsmith. 



Abiel Holt. 
Thomas Holt, junr. 
Zela Holt. 
Jacob Holt. 
Simeon Holt. 
Asa Holt. 
Ezekiel Hardy. 
David Holt. 
Edward Herrick. 
George Holt. 
Dane Holt. 
Timothy Holt, junr. 
Nathaniel Holt. 
Peter Holt. 
Jabez Hayward. 
Humphrey Holt. 
Joel Jenkins. 
Samuel Holt. 
Abijah Ingals. 



Joseph Jackson. 
Jonathan Lovejoy. 
Daniel Lovejoy. 
Joseph Lovejoy. 
Abraham Mooar. 
Thomas Manning. 
Daniel Poor. 
John Patten. 
James Parker. 
Uriah Russel. 
Jedediah Russel. 
James Turner. 
Oliver Whiting. 
Solomon Wardwell. 
Samuel Woodbridge. 
Peter Wardwell. 
Daniel Wardwell, 
Pomp Lovejoy. 
Benjamin Eaton. 



1 Lexington Alarms, vol. xiii., p. 62. 

2 Ibid., vol. xl., p. 193. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIOXARY WAR. 303 

" Capt. Henry Abbot appeared and made oath of the truth of 
the foregoing before me. Samuel Phillips, Jus. Peace. 

"■Feb. 14, 1776." 
"^ Muster Roll of Capt. Nathaniel Lovejofs Company in Col 

Samuel Johnson's Regt. that marched April 19, 1775, wider the 

command of Lieut. John Adams." ^ 



John Adams, Lieut. 
John Frye, Lieut. 
Saml. Earlier, Sergt. 
Nathan Town, Sergt. 
Samuel Farnum, Sergt. 
Josiah Long, Drum. 
Paul Averil. 
David Beverly. 
John Berry. 

Joseph Batchellor, junr. 
Danl Batchellor. 
Uzziel Batchellor. 
Elijah Barker. 
Joshua Barker. 
Christopher Carlton, jr. 
James Fry, junr. 
Benjamin Fry. 



Joseph Faulkner, jr. 
Simeon Foster. 
Benja. Fisk. 
David Fisk. 
Lemuel Holt. 
Daniel Holt. 
David Ingalls, jr. 
Nathan Ingalls. 
Edmund Ingalls. 
Stephen Johnson. 
Danl Kimball. 
Amos Kimball. 
Asa Lovejoy. 
Moses Lovejoy. 
Stephen Long. 
Solomon Martin. 
Peter Stevens. 



Saml Sessions. 
Cyrus Stiles. 
Phineas Tyler. 
Aaron Town. 
Peter Town. 
Moses Town. 
William Wilson. 
Joshua Wood. 
Joshua Wardvvell, jr. 
Ebenr Thompson. 
Danl Carlton, jr. 
Benj. Farrington. 
Benj. Berry, jr. 
Thomas Gray, jr. 
Thomas Farnum. 
Joshua Holt. 



" N, B. The company marched from Andover to Cambridge by 
f way of Billerica. John Adams. 

" In this Role "' is contained the Najnes of those belofiging to the 
fourth foot company of Andover who marched in consequence of the 
alarm on the igth of April A. D. 1775 Under the Command of 
Joshua Holt with an account of Travel from their Alarm Post to 
Cambridge 6^ from Cainbridge to the Place again with the expence 
and service Set in Distinct Colums as follows ; " ^ — 



Capt. Joshua Holt. 
Lieut. Nehem. Abbot. 
Ensign Jonathan Abbot. 
Sergt. Moses Bailey. 
Sergt. Ephraim Abbot. 
Sergt. Jeduthan Abbot. 
Sergt. Benj am. Ames. 
Clerk John Mooar. 
Samuel Phelps. 
Obadiah Foster. 
Shemuel (?) Grififin. 



Ezra Anice (.') 
Obadiah Johnson 
Saml. Frye. 
Philemon Dane. 
Francis Dane. 
Abiel Stevens. 
Jeremiah Lovejoy. 
Josiah Blanchard, jr. 
Josiah Johnson. 
Samuel Lovejoy. 
Thomas Peavey. 



1 Lexington Alarm., vol. xi., p. 188. 

3 The " e.\pence and service " are here omitted. 



Moses Kimball. 
Isaac Osgood. 
Daniel Ordway. 
Nathaniel Sawyer. 
Charles Furbush. 
Jeremiah Blanchard. 
Samuel Bailey, jr. 
Ebenezer Dow. 
Nathan Chandler, jr. 
Joseph Shattuck. 
Joseph Shattuck, jr. 

'^ Ibid., vol. xii., p. 136. 



504 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



Aaron Blanchard. 
Ezra Anice, jr. 
Isaac Chandler. 
Isaac Chandler, jr. 
Joshua Chandler. 
William Blunt. 
Samuel Fealds, jr. 
Daniel Dane. 
Peter Martain. 
Joseph Chandler. 
Kendal Parker. 
Jacob Osgood. 



Zebad'i Abbot. 
John Foster. 
Daniel Blanchard. 
Benj. Buxton. 
Samuel Stevens. 
Samuel Stevens, jr. 
William Clark. 
John Wood. 
Benj. Wood. 
Israel Wood. 
Thomas Haggit, jr. 
Joseph Burt. 



Simon Crosby. 
Zebad^ Chandler. 
Jonathan Buxton. 
Gideon Foster. 
Nathan Bailey. 
James Anice. ; 
Isaac Ingalls. 
James Barnard. 
Thomas Smith. 
Joseph Blanchard. 
Abijah Clark. 
Samuel Kittredge. 



" Jan. 13, 1776, Made oath Joshua Holt before S. Phillips." 

The roll of Capt. Joshua Holt's company has appended to 
it the following statement : — 

" There were also in the aforesaid company a number of aged 
men and some unable to bear arms who rode to Cambridge on the 
day of said alarm and the day following to carry provisions for 
those who stood in need, who humbly ask the same allowance for 
time and travel that is made for others, having made no charge for 
the provisions they carried, their travel to and from Cambridge is 
generally about thirty-six miles. 

Dea. John Dane. 

Thomas Blanchard. 

Joseph Dane. 

Benj. Mooar. 



Saml. Fields. 
James Holt, jr. 
Ebenezer Rand. 
William Dane." 



It has been often written that Benjamin Farnum com- 
manded a company on the 19th of April. But he was then 
Lieutenant of Capt. Thomas Poor's company. In May, he 
was promoted to the rank of captain. 

Two other citizens of Andover were in important service 
at this time, Mr. Bimsley Stevens and Mr. Samuel Osgood. 
Mr. Bimsley Stevens went to Cambridge on the alarm, and 
was invited by General Ward to serve as his adjutant. The 
following is Mr. Stevens's record ^ of the fact : — 

" IVov. 8, 1775. Petition of Bimsley Stevens begs leave to relate 
that on the 19th of April last, having come to Cambridge on the 
alarm occasioned by the Invasion made by the king's troops, Gen- 
eral Ward requested your petitioner to serve the army in the ca- 

1 Lexington Alai-m, vol. xii., p. 136. 

2 Records of General Cotirt, also Mass. Archives, vol. ccvii., p. 174. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 305 

pacity of an adjutant General, in which department he consented to 
subject himself to great labor and peculiar fatigues arising from 
the unsettled confused state of the Regiments and exerted himself 
to render the best service in his power. In this station he con- 
tinued till the 28th of June," etc. [Praying for compensation for 
services.] 

In 1776 Mr. Stevens was adjutant in the Fourth Regiment. 
Mr. Osgood ^ was appointed, April 20, aid-de-camp to Gen- 
eral Ward. He had been a member of the Provincial Con- 
gress, which sat at Concord, and which was dissolved April 
15th. He says (in his autobiography) that on the 19th of 
April he marched to Lexington as captain of a company of 
minute-men, of which he had been some time in command. 
But no record of any such company has been found in the 
rolls. This might be accounted for from the fact that on the 
20th of April he was appointed aid to General Ward. His 
testimony is explicit in regard to his part in the Lexington 
fray : — 

"April 19 the Battle of Lexington took place. He [Mr. Os- 
good] had for some time been a captain of a company of minute 
men. He marched with them on that day about twenty miles to 
Lexington and from thence to Cambridge, about 15 miles more, in 
pursuit of the British troops. The American army immediately 
collected together at Cambridge and the commander-in-chief Gen. 
Ward appointed him one of his aids, in which situation he continued 
till Feb. 1776, when he quitted the army, not having much taste for 
military matters. The offer of the command of a Regiment had no 
effect on his mind. He returned to private life, but the town of 
Andover would not permit him to enjoy it. He was immediately 
sent to the State Congress, who appointed him a member of their 
Board of War." 

Among the private papers of Mr. Osgood are several let- 
ters from a British ofilicer, a prisoner, who had been captured 
April 29th, at Cambridge (on his way to Boston from Can- 
ada). This officer, Major Dunbar, had served in America, 
in the French and Lidian war, and was, at the breaking out 

1 Ward's Register — Appendix. Also Petition for allowance for service of 
Samuel Osgood, as Major of Brigade, from 19th of April. — Records of General 
Court, 



306 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of the Revolution, Mayor of Quebec. . With the desire (as 
he says in one of his letters to Mr. Osgood) to see a part of 
America he was unacquainted with, and to meet some of his 
old friends and acquaintances then brought by the fortune of 
war to Boston, he had set out for General Gage's headquar- 
ters, when he was intercepted at Cambridge. He was placed 
on parole, first at Woburn, afterward at Newbury, and re- 
mained a prisoner some months. He wrote a series of let- 
ters to Mr. Osgood, in all of which, except the last, he mani- 
fested the greatest regard and gratitude for the kindness 
shown him by Mr. Osgood in obtaining mitigation of the 
severities attending his condition as a prisoner. Having, 
however, been at length exchanged, he adopted a more dis- 
tant and dignified address, as perhaps became an " enemy of 
war," although it savors of ingratitude. When he was on his 
way from Woburn to Newbury he took the opportunity to 
pay his respects to the wife of Mr. Osgood, at Andover. Re- 
garding his visit he writes : — 

" On my journey hither I did myself the pleasure to call on Mrs. 
Osgood at Andover, who by her behavior confirmed any good opin- 
ion her husband may have of me. We compared notes together and 
both seemed to be unhappy enough from the present melancholy 
situation of affairs." 

Mrs. Osgood (Miss Martha Brandon) was at this time only 
four months married. She was the niece of Madam Phebe 
Foxcroft Phillips, and had been brought up with that lady 
in the family of her grandmother, Madam Foxcroft, of Cam- 
bridge. She had had all advantages of social culture and 
education, and her letters show that she was remarkably 
gifted in easy and graceful writing. She is said to have been 
a great favorite, the life of the social circle, charming in man- 
ner, and of much personal beauty. Her early death, only 
three years after her marriage, was deeply mourned. Mr. 
Osgood writes of her : — 

" She was of one of the most ancient, respectable, and pious fam- 
ilies in the state. In beauty and merit she was surpassed by none. 
In piety by very few of her age. In Aug. 1778 she received intel- 
ligence that her uncle in Cambridge, in whose family she had been 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 307 

brought up, was very ill. Her affection for him, for she was his 
greatest favorite, would not permit her to hear of his sickness and 
not visit him. She went and never returned. She was seized with 
dysentery and died after a few days' illness, never having had any 
children. Her education was excellent. The softness of her man- 
ners and her sympathetic tenderness insured her the affection of all 
who knew her. Time alone blunted the edge of this almost in- 
supportable affliction." . 

The companies which vs^ent from Andover to Lexington 
marched through Tewksbury and Billerica toward the scene 
of action, but, learning of the fight and the retreat of the 
regulars, they turned and took the road in pursuit. They 
did not, however, overtake the enemy. All they saw was the 
straggling line of the fleeing, the wounded and dying left by 
the road-side, and the burning houses and ravaged farms on 
the track. The march of Captain Poor's company is thus 
described in the Journal of the then Lieutenant Benjamin 
Farnum : — 

^^ April 1^, 1775- This day, the Mittel men of Colonel Frye's 
regiment were Alarmed with the Nuse of the Troops marching 
from Boston to Concord, at which Nuse they marched very quick 
from Andover, and marched within about 5 miles of Concord, 
then meeting with the Nuse of their retreat for Boston again with 
which Nuse we turned our corse in order to catch them. We re- 
treated that Day to Notme [Menotomy] but we could not come up 
with them. The nit coming on, we stopped ; the next day we 
marched to Cambridge." 

From this point to March 28, 1777, the leaves of the Jour- 
nal are missing. Only a few memoranda for May and June 
remain on the inside of the cover, on which also this account 
of the Lexington alarm is written. 

Many legends and traditions are told of the events of that 
day, and the scenes witnessed by various soldiers. Charles 
Furbush,! a private (afterward captain) of Capt. Joshua Holt's 
Company, and another, said to have been Captain Ford, of 

1 Of West Parish, near Wood Hill. A part of Captain Charles Furbush's 
farm, given by him to his son, Simeon Furbush, is now owned and occupied by 
a grandson of the latter, Mr. Simeon Bardwell, whose mother, Rachel Furbush, 
was the wife of Rev. Horatio Bardwell, D. D., one of the first missionaries to 
India. 



308 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Chelmsford, were fired upon by a British officer from a 
house which he was plundering. They rushed in and killed 
the man. They were used to the sight of blood, having 
served in the French war, but though veterans in the horrors 
of war, their souls revolted at some of the dreadful sights of 
that day. They related ^ that our men seemed maddened with 
the sight of British blood, and infuriated to wreak vengeance 
on the wounded and helpless. A fallen grenadier had been 
stabbed again and again by the passers-by, so that the blood 
was flowing from many holes in his waistcoat. Furbush and 
his comrade, cooler and more compassionate from experience 
in regular warfare, and, perhaps, remembering the days when 
they had called these men companions-in-arms, gently lifted 
up the dying soldier and gave him water to drink, for which 
he eagerly begged. 

Another Andover soldier, Thomas Boynton, of Captain 
Ames's company, kept a journal of these days. A leaf of it 
was printed, 1877, in the "Proceedings of the Massachusetts 

Historical Society " : — 

"Andover, April 19, 1775. 
"This morning, being Wednesday, about the sun's rising the 
town was alarmed with the news that the Regulars was on their 
march to Concord. Upon which the town mustered and about 10 
o'clock marched onward for Concord. In Tewksbury news came 
that the Regulars had fired on our men in Lexington, and had 
killed 8. In Bilricke news came that the enemy were killing and 
slaying our men in Concord. Bedford we had the news that the 
enemy had killed 2 of our men and had retreated back ; we shifted 
our course and persued after them as fast as possible, but all in 
vain ; the enemy had the start 3 or 4 miles. It is said that their 
number was about 1500 men. They were persued as far as 
Charlestown that night ; the next day they passed Charles River. 
The loss they sustained as we hear were 500 ; our men about 40. 
To return, after we came into Concord road we saw houses burn- 
ing and others plundered and dead bodies of the enemy lying by 
the way, others taken prisoners. About eight at night our regiment 
came to a halt in notime. The next morning we came into Cam- 
bridge and there abode." 

Still another soldier's journal has been found, that of pri- 

^ The story is told by the grandson of Captain Furbush. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 309 

vate James Stevens, in Capt. Thomas Poor's company. It 
begins April 19, 1775, and continues to June, 1776. From 
it we learn that the news of the march of the British (" that 
the Reglers was gainst Conkerd "), reached Andover at 
seven o'clock in the morning, and that Captain Poor's com- 
pany gathered at the Meeting-house, and marched " through 
Tewkesbury & Billerica." " We stopped to Polerds & eat 
some bisket & Ches on the common." At Lexington, says 
the Journal, they came " to the destruction of the Regelers," 
— the traces of the bloody work made when Major Pitcairn 
ordered the troops to fire : — 

" They killed eight of our men & shot a cannon ball through the 
metin-house. We went along through Lexington & we saw sev- 
eral resrerlers ded on the rod & some of our men & three or fore 
houses was Burnt «& som hoses & hogs are kild, they plundered in 
every house they could get into, they stove in windows & broke in 
tops of desks, we met the men a coming back very fast." 

The march to Boston is described, and the arrival at Cam- 
bridge. The Journal then goes on as follows : — 

" Thursday, y^ 20, this morning we had alarm about day, we im- 
bodied as soon as possible & march into the comon ; we herd that 
the regerlers was gon to Boston, we staid on the comon a spel & 
then we retreted back to the hills & expected them out on us. we 
herd severl small arms & one or two swevels from a tender. We 
staid awhile, ten or aleven a clock, & then come down & got some 
refreshment & men come in very fast." 

The "refreshment " here alluded to may have consisted in 
part of supplies from home, provided by the solicitude of 
friends, for the town records of Andover show that provisions 
and clothing and arms were sent to camp : — 

"To pay Andrew Peters for a Barrel of Pork delivered April 20, 
1775, to send to Cambridge to the militia and minute men of Cam- 
bridge belonging to the town." — " To pay Lieut. John Adams for 
making six pairs of shoes." — " To pay Capt. Wm. Peabody for 
making two bayonets." 

The Journal is thus continued : — 

" May I, Lieut. Farnum come this morning very early & praded 
with us, the image of General Gage was burned on the common. 



310 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

" May 4th. Brag & Roberson & Ben Parker & I w^ent up to the 
upper yard and sarsh a little Pond after some regelers guns, for 
they sed that they threw in som." 

Life in camp was not eventful ; now and then it was varied 
by a visit from friends : — 

^^ Fry day $th. Stephen Barker came and brought us some nus. 
I watched with Osgood — Asa — Saturday I staid with Asa Osgood 
all day — his brother come down to se him. 

" Sunday ye 7, forenoon I went to the meting-house ^ and herd 
the President preach from Matthew the loth & 28th vers.^ In 
the afternoon I went about a mile and a half tords home & herd 
a sermon from numbers the ist (?) 13 vers. 

" Wednesday ye 10. We got our breakfast & then went on the 
pread in the morning & Capt. Poor come out & spok very rash con- 
cerning our chusing a sargent & said that we had no right to, which 
displeased the soldiers very much ; they went up & did no duty that 
Day ; about seven o'clock we praded & Capt. Poor come & said that 
he was misunderstood & the company setled with him by his mak- 
ina: som recantation." 

It was not long after this that Lieutenant Farnum was put 
in command, and Captain Poor was commissioned Major of 
the regiment. The Journal chronicles various other events 
of little general interest, and continues thus : — 

''Thursday 11. It was fast. I went to meeting & herd Mr. 
Adams preach. Afternoon I staid at home to cuk." 

On Monday, the 15th, James Stevens and his comrades 
Wiley and Enoch Parker obtained a pass to go to An- 
dover : — 

" We sot off for horn about a leven a clock ; we got hom about 
eight a clock .... Tuesday I staid at hom this forenoon & mad 
a par of feters for my mare." 

The soldier seems to have spent a good deal of time visit- 
ing, going " to father Peters, to Jedediah Farnums, to Brad- 
ford, to Boxford, to decon hoveys ; " and on Thursday " got 
ready very early to go to the army." He was, doubtless, the 
hero of the hour, and if he talked as fluently as he wrote, 

1 He was a devoted attendant on divine service. 

2 " And fear not them which kill the body," etc. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 3II 

must have entertained his friends with full descriptions of 
his adventures since his departure on the day of the alarm. 

On Saturday, the 27th (?) May, James Stevens was called 
on to show his courage under fire. An alarm came that the 
regulars were landing troops from a vessel of war, and a de- 
tachment of the American forces was ordered to the spot. 
They marched to Chelsea, within a quarter of a mile of the 
ferry : — 

" As soon as the reglers saw our men they fired on them, the fir- 
ing begun on both sides & fired very warm, there com a man & or- 
dered us over a nol rit into the mouths of the cannon, we got onto 
the top of the nol & the grap shot & cannon hauls come so thick 
that we retreated back to the rode & then marchtdown to theferr}'-, 
the regerlers shouted very much, our men got the cannon & plast 
them & gave them two or three good broad sides & the firing sest in 
a measure & there was a terrabel cry amonst the regelers, they fired 
oust in a while all night, about ten o'clock the scooner ran on the 

& stuck fast ; there cum a slup for her relief & they left the 

sconer. 

" Sunday ye 28, this morning about day they com with thare 
barges to bord the sconer. Cornel Putnam com & ordered us 
down to the wharfe & we fired so that they retreted back to the 
sloop our men run down & fired the sconer it burst very fast, the 
slup begun to of in about three quarters of a our after it was sot on 
fire, the magersene Blod up & blod out som plunder, they fired 
from Nodles iland on us about an hour .... we are retren back 
to our packs & go at our Brekfast, the slup drad of to Boston, there 
was of our men wounded fore non cild." 

In another part of the Journal is — 

" A List of the names of the Men belonging to Mager Poor's com- 
pany that was at the taking of the Schooner." 

Jno. chickering. Jacob Tyler. Simon Wardel. 

Wm. Johnson. John Barker. Jno. Turner. 

Peter Farnum. Josh. Wood. Jonath Gardner. 

Jno. Johnson, jr. Daras Sessions. Saml Wiley. 

Josh. Johnson. Tim. Carlton. James Stevens. 
Micah Parker. 

The honorable record of Major Poor's service, and his pro- 
motion to the rank of colonel, are noted in an obituary in 
the " Haverhill Observer," October 2, 1804 : — 



312 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AN DOVER. 

" Died at Methuen/ Sept. 24, Col. Thomas Poor, aged 72. In his 
youth he led a company against the French army in Canada. In 
the war of '76 by his valor and integrity he honored the several 
commissions of Captain, Major, and Colonel." 

" In peace he served his country as a legislator and has ever 
since been a promoter of good order, honor and integrity by his 
life and conversation." 

The list of names of the men, at the taking of the schooner, 
is followed by some verses, which were doubtless familiar as 
an army song to the ears of Andover soldiers : — 

"A SONG. 

" Americans, to arms repair ! 
Honour & glory beat to war ; 
Exert yourselves with force & might 
And show how American Boys can fight 
For to maintain their charter right. 
Huzza, Brave Boys ! 

"Hark, how the Warlike trumpet sounds 
Whare there is Nought but Blood & Wounds : 
The Drums a beating, Colours fliing. 
Cannon roring, tories Dicing, 
These are the noble effects of War ! 
Huzza, Brave Boys ! 

"Ye that Rain masters of the serf 
Shake off your youthful sloth & ese ; 
We '11 make the hauty torys to know 
The torters they must undergo 
When they engage their mortal foe. 
Huzza, Brave Boys ! 

" Display your colours, mount your guns, 
Bater their castels, fier their towns ! 
United sons of American fame 
Let not your courage tame. 
We'll drive the tories back again ! 
Huzza, Brave Boys ! 

1 The residence of Colonel Poor, while he lived at North Andover, is sup- 
posed to have been near the Shawshin, the ancient house now standing on the 
old road to Lawrence, on the east bank of the river. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 313 

" Why then should we be Daunted at all 
Since we are ingaged in such a caus, 
As fiting for our rights & laws ; 
Enduring in so just a cause 
We '11 prove their fulle overthrow ! 
Huzza, Brave Boys ! " 

The anxiety and distress of those who were left at home 
on the day of the Lexington alarm, after the able-bodied cit- 
izens, and not a few of the feeble and decrepit and many of 
the boys, had departed to the scene of conflict, can be read-_ 
ily imagined. Everything had been for a few hours in hurry 
and confusion ; the bells ringing, drums beating, the roads 
alive with the gathering of troops, the houses filled with the 
bustle of preparation and the voices of farewell. Now all 
was still again. But it was not the same stillness as before 
the alarm, — the peace of a spring morning in the country, 
broken only by the cheerful sounds of labor, nor yet the hush 
of the Sabbath, the assembled village at prayer in the sanc- 
tuary or in subdued social converse in the family circle. It 
was the silence of desolation, the stillness that oppresses 
when war or pestilence have swept over happy communities. 
The fortunes and the feelings of those who marched forth 
that day at their country's call have been often described and 
imagined. But the records and the legends of the events 
and scenes in the deserted villages and towns are compara- 
tively few. A lady of North Andover relates that her grand- 
mother told her of a panic in one neighborhood, a rumor that 
the regulars were coming to plunder the town. Valuables 
were packed, and some of the people were about to flee with 
them to the woods near Den Rock, where they thought to 
hide and find shelter, when word came that this was a false 
alarm. 

But we are not limited to imagination and tradition for 
our knowledge of the scenes of distress on that day. The 
following extract! from a letter of Mrs. Winthrop, wife of 
Professor Winthrop, to Mrs. Mercy Warren, puts us in pos- 
session of some of the actual facts. She fled from Cam- 
bridge to Andover with her husband, who was sick : — 

1 Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings^ iSjj-i8-/6. 



314 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

"■ It seemed necessary to retire to a place of safety till the ca- 
lamity was passed. My partner had been a fortnight confined 
by illness. After dinner (19th) we set out not knowing whither 
we went. We were directed to a place called Fresh Pond, about 
a mile from the town, but what a distressed house did we find 
there, filled with women whose husbands were gone forth to 
meet the assailants ; seventy or eighty of these with numbers of 
infant children, crying and agonizing for the fate of their hus- 
bands Another uncomfortable night we passed, some nod- 
ding in their chairs, others resting their weary limbs on the floor. 

.... To stay in this place was impracticable Thus with 

precipitancy were we driven to the town of Andover, following 
some of our acquaintance, five of us to be conveyed by one poor 
tired horse-chaise. Thus we began our pilgrimage, alternately 
walking and riding, the roads filled with frighted women and chil- 
dren, some in carts with their tattered furniture, others on foot flee- 
ing into the woods. But what added greatly to the horror of the 
scene was our passing through the bloody field at Menotomy, which 
was strewed with the mangled bodies. We met one affectionate 
father with a cart looking for his murdered son and picking up his 
neighbors who had fallen in battle, in order for their burial." 

The quiet and repose of Andover's serenity, after these 
scenes of horror, was a benediction to the wanderers. Mrs. 
Winthrop writes : — 

" I should not have chose this town for an asylum, being but 
twenty miles from sea ports where men of war and privateers are 
stationed ; but in being fixed here I see it is not in man to direct 
his steps. As you kindly inquire after our situation, I must tell you 
it is rural and romantically pleasing. Seated in a retired spot, no 
house in sight, within a mile of neighbors thinly settled ; the house 
decent and neat stands under the shade of two venerable elms on 
a gentle rising, one flight of steps with a view of a spacious meadow 
before it, a small rivulet meandering through it, the grassy carpet 
interspersed with a variety of flowering shrubs, several little mounts 
rising in the conic form intersected with fertile spots of waving 
grain, the horizon bounded with a thick wood, as if nature intended 
a barricade against the cannonade of some formidable despot. But 
here all is perfect silence, nothing is heard but the melody of the 
groves and the unintelligible language of the animal creation. 
From the profound stillness and security of this woody region, I 
can almost persuade myself we are the only human inhabitants of 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 315 

creation, and, instead of losing my fondness for society, I shall 
have a higher relish for the pleasures of friendly converse and so- 
cial endearments," etc. 

But, although our town seemed so secure and peaceful, 
rumors were rife of the approach of the regulars from this 
time, and, as has been said, even before this time there had 
been anxiety lest they should make an invasion. 

The utmost vigilance was maintained in the town to de- 
fend it from foes both -within and without. 

May 29th, it was voted in town-meeting that a watch 
should be kept, and sentinels should challenge every person 
abroad after nine o'clock in the evening, and inquire his 
business. If any refused to answer, the sentinel should, 
" with a strong voice," order him to stop, and should forth- 
with have him arrested. 

The town also took action at this meeting on the following 

communication received from the Provincial Congress, then 

just dissolving, to which Samuel Osgood, Esq., had been 

their representative : — 

"Watertown, May 5, 1775. 

"■ Whereas, his Excellency General Gage since his arrival into this 
colony hath conducted as an instrument in the hands of an arbi- 
trary ministry to enslave this people, and a Detachment of the 
troops under his command has of late been by him ordered to the 
Town of Concord to destroy the publick stores deposited in that 
Place for the use of the Colony and the citizens, without any prov- 
ocation given by them, have been illegally, wantonly and inhumanly 
slaughtered by the troops, therefore 

" Resolved, That the said General Gage hath by these and many 
other means utterly disqualified himself to serve the colony as a 
Governor and in every other capacity and that no obedience ought 
in future to be paid by the several towns and Districts in the col- 
ony to his Writs for calling an Assembly or to his Proclamation or 
any other of his acts or Doings, but that otr the other hand he ought 
to be considered and guarded against as an. unnatural and inveter- 
ate enemy to the country. 

" Joseph Warren, President P. T^ 

The action of Andover is thus recorded : — 

"In pursuance of the Within Directions we have called the 
Town together and made choice of Mr. Samuel Phillips, Jr., to Rep- 



3l6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

resent them in Provincial Congress to be held at the meeting house 
in Watertown on Wednesday the thirty-first day of May Inst. 

Asa Abbot, 

Nathan Lovejoy, Selecfmen 
Zebed. Abbot, V of 
John Ingalls, AndoverJ" 

Benj. Stevens, 

Respecting the position which the Andover representative 
took in the Congress, his biographer says ^ : — 

" This memorable Congress held four protracted sessions before 
it was finally dissolved on the loth of May, 1776. During this 
period Mr. Phillips was twice on a committee to confer with Gen- 
eral Washington upon points connected with the war, he was also 
in rapid succession upon committees to countersign the colony notes 
emitted by the Continental Congress and the notes of the Receiver 
General, to direct the mustering and paying of one militia company, 
to muster and pay another, etc., etc. In it all he distinguished 
himself and did honor to the town whose name he represented." 

About the last of May, there arrived in Andover a distin- 
guished visitior, the former citizen, Col. Joseph Frye. He 
had been for five years living at Fryeburg, the township 
granted him for his services and sufferings in the French 
War. He had left his plantation for the purpose of procur- 
ing a supply of ammunition ; the town being apprehensive of 
an attack by the British from Canada. Undoubtedly, too, 
the veteran burned to be nearer the seat of war, and to share 
in the conflict. Not being able to get at any powder in all 
the trading towns, he arrived at length at his old home in 
Andover, Here, says his memorial to the General As- 
sembly, he heard of the expected arrival at Watertown of a 
large supply of gunpowder. 

He " tarried," therefore, at Andover some days, waiting the 
news of its arrival. His visit could hardly fail to be a matter 
of great interest in the town. He had been identified with its 
affairs for many years, and was a universal favorite, the hero of 
military romance as well as the trusted citizen and practical 
man of business. He it was who had presided at those stormy 

1 Life of Judge Phillips, by Rev. John L. Taylor. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 317 

but unanimous town meetings about taxation and the Stamp 
Act ten years before, and now, we may be sure, the people 
flocked around him to get his opinion of the state of the coun- 
try and to tell him of the part which Andover had taken in 
the late alarms and fight. Also there would be much to inquire 
about from Fryeburg, for many Andover men had joined the 
settlers there, and to hear from their relations and friends by 
the voice of their common benefactor would afford to the 
citizens great gratification. 

While Colonel Frye was at Andover, events happened 
which made, for the time being, gunpowder for the remote 
plantation in York appear of secondary importance. No ru- 
mor of any immediate movement in the army seems to have 
reached the town, although it is probable that the representa- 
tive to the Provincial Congress must have known that some- 
thing was on foot. On Saturday, the 17th of June, the boom- 
ing of cannon announced that fighting was begun, and soon 
the news came that Andover companies were in the detach- 
ment engaged, that reenforcements were wanted and provis- 
ions. Then, as on the day of the Lexington alarm, there was 
mounting in hot haste and hurrying to and fro, and pale 
cheeks and trembling hearts. Mustering troops and beat of 
drum blocked and made noisy the highways, and, behind the 
marching line of soldiers, streamed a motley throng of civil- 
ians, hastening to the succor of their townsmen, or to see 
what the day would bring forth. In the houses, women were 
busy cooking provisions, mixing cordials and medicines, ran- 
sacking for stray muskets and ammunition, and, later (as the 
thunder of the cannonade grew louder and more incessant 
and the messengers of bad tidings began to come in), cutting 
up their choice linen into bandages, scraping lint and making 
ready to receive the wounded or the dead. The Andover 
companies detached with the working party which fortified 
Bunker Hill, were Capt. Benjamin Ames's, Captain Farnum's, 
and Captain Furbush's. The first two belonged to Col. James 
Frye's regiment, the latter to Col. Ebenezer Bridge's. A mus- 
ter roll of Captain Ames's company, giving the list of eight 
months' men enlisted from October 6, 1775, marks the names 
of certain soldiers as having been among those " killed on the 



3l8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

lytb of June." It may therefore be presumed that this roll 
presents a pretty correct showing of the men of the company 
who fought at Bunker Hill. It will be noted that this roll 
differs in some names from that of the company on the 19th 
of April. It seems still more probable that this was the 
roll of the company as at Bunker Hill, from the fact that no 
other earlier muster roll is found, and also that the following 
petition indicates the loss of the earlier rolls or their failure 
to reach the proper authorities : — 

'■^ Au^. 31, 1775-^ To THE Honourable the Council and 
House of Representatives of the Colonies of the Massa- 
chusetts Bay in General Court Assembled, — Your Peti- 
tioner, a Captain in Col. James Frye's Regiment, begs leave to re- 
late that the Company which he has the Honor to Command, con- 
sisting of fifty seven non-commissioned officers & soldiers, came 
into Camp at Cambridge on the 19th of April last, that since that 
time said company has regularly done duty, but though they have 
been in the service of this colony above diree months, not one Man 
has received any part of the Forty shillings which a late Congress 
promised should be advanced to them. That these soldiers with 
many of their families have suffered difficulties that are not small 
by reason of this delay. Their necessities have been growing daily 
more urgent, till at length I am able to withstand their Importunity 
no longer. I am therefore constrained most earnestly to entreat of 
this Honble Court that relief to which your humble petitioner pre- 
sumes he has some claim in justice, & your Petitioner as in Duty 
bound shall ever pray. Benj^ Ames. 

" Camp in Cambridge, Aug. 2, 1775." 

The following was the action of the Court : — 

♦'In the House of Representatives, Watertown, Aug. 2, 1775. 

« Ordered that Mr. Samuel Phillips be directed to Muster the 
Company of Capt. Benjamin Ames in Col. Frye's Regiment (if not 
already mustered) and that he be also impowered to draw out of 
the Publick treasury of this colony the sum of forty shillings as 
advanced wages to each of the non commissioned officers & private 
soldiers belonging to the above Company, if they have not been 
paid," etc. 

[Concurred in and assented to.] 

1 Ge7ieral Court Records, also Mass. Archives, vol. ccvi., p. 161. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 319 
Captain Befijamin Ames's Company {presumably) at Bunker Hill} 



Benjamin Ames, Capt. 

David Chandler, Lieut. 

Isaac Abbot, Lieut. 

Benjamin More, Sergt. 

Joshua Lovejoy, Sergt. 

Thomas Boynton, Sergt.\, 

William Chander, Sergt. 

David Blunt, Corporal. 

Bi.xbe Abbot, Corporal. 

Ebenezer Holbrook, Cor- 
poral. 

Moses Boynton, Corpo- 
ral. 

Joshua More, drummer. 

James Chandler, do. 

Caleb Abbot. 

Nathaniel Abbot, dischg. 
Aug. 20. 

Solomon Ames, 

Philip Abbot, killed in 
battle, June 17. 

Samuel Blanchard. 

Jonathan Boynton. 

Peter Chandler. 



Timothy Chandler. 
Jonathan Cununings. 
Nathan Chandler. 
William Chamberlain. 
Joseph Chandler, killed 

in battle June 17. 
Stephen Chandler. 
William Dane. 
Joseph Dane. 
Israel Herrick, Lewiston. 
Amos Durant. 
Simeon Dresser. 
Abiel Faulkner. 
Theophilus Frye. 
George Holt. 
William Haggit, killed in 

battle June 17. 
Joshua Holt. 
Israel Holt. 

Jesse Holt, died June 21. 
Humphrey Holt. 
William Holt. 
John Herrick. 
James Johnson. 



Ephraim Johnson. 

Josiah Jones, London- 
derry. 

Nathan Lovejoy. 

Obadiah Lovejoy. 

David Lovejoy. 

William Lovejoy. 

Samuel ^lartain. 

Peter Martain. 

Perley Mackintire. 

ChristopherOsgood, Blue 
Hill, Me. 

Joseph Parker. 

Carlton Parker. 

Salem Poor. 

John Stevens. 

Jonathan Stevens. 

Nathaniel Toy. 

James Turner. 

Jeremiah Wardwell, Pem- 
brook. 

Ezekiel Wardwell. 

Israel Herrick, Lewis- 
ton. 



Capt. Charles Furbush's Company {presumably) at Bunker Hill} 

" A Muster Roll of the Company under the command of Captain Charles Fur- 
bush in Col. Bridge's Regijnent to the first of August, lyyj." 



Charles Furbush, Capt., Andover. 
Jeremiah Blanchard, Lieut. ,2 Andover. 
James Silver, Lieut., Methuen. 
Joseph Frost, Sgt., Tewksbury. 
Daniel Silver, Sgt., Salem. 
William Smith, St., Salem. 
Hugh Riley, St., Danvers. 
Jeremiah Morrel, Corporal, Andover. 
William Moorland, Corporal, Salem. 
Jacob Amas, Corporal, Andover. 
Thomas Smith, Corporal, Andover. 
Simeon Furbush, drum, Andover. 
Abraham Stickney, fifer, Tewksbury. 



John Baldwin, private, Andover. 
William Bailey, Andover. 
John Craford, Andover. 
Jeremiah Blanchard, Andover. 
David Clough, Dracut. 
London Cittizen, Andover. 
Theodore Emerson, Methuen. 
Samuel Farmer, Tewksbury. 
Isaac Foster, Tewksbury. 
Charles Furbush, Jr., Andover. 
William Gorden, Salem. 
Elijah Hildreth, Dracut. 
Israel Hunt, Tewksbury. 



1 This return was made October 6, 1775, for the purpose of showing the men 
who had been eight months in service, and were, therefore, each to receive a coat 
as bounty. They enlisted February, 1775. See Coat Rolls, " Col. ]zmQS Fry's 
Regiment," p. 10. 

2 Muster Rolls, vol. xiv., p. 95. 



320 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



Keto Hubbard, Tewksbury. 
William Kemp, Billerica. 
John Hancock, Methuen. 
Thomas Hadley, Boston. 
Danl Longren, Andover. 
Thomas Hagget, Andover. 
John Morrison, Boston. 
Josiah Mecom, Boston. 
Isaac Melvin Kidah, Methuen- 
Nehemiah Ridale, Methuen. 
Joseph Petengel, Methuen. 



Danl. Petengel, Methuen. 
Cuff Blanchard, Andover. 
Cesar Porter, Andover. 
Abraham Silver, Methuen. 
Marcus Shedd, Tewksbury. 
David Silver, Salem. 
Nathan Tyler. 
Abiel Upton. 
Benjamin Clark, Reading. 
Samuel Bealy, Andover.^ 
John Boughton, Andover. 



Among the " Coat Rolls " of Col. Ebenezer Bridge's regi- 
ment is a copy of a paper which contains the same names as 
the foregoing, with a few exceptions. Five additional ones 
appear, namely, Ezra Anes, John Loyd, Joshua Ball, David 
Merril, Alexander Silver. 

The paper without the names is as follows : — 



" Camp at Cambridge, Nov. the 21, 1775. 

" To THE Honourable the Committee of Clothing sitting at 
Watertown. Please to deliver to the Bearer Capt. Charles Furbush 
a coat for each one of us the subscribers, being soldiers in Capt. 
Furbush's company in Col. Bridge's Regt." .... 

" These may certify that the soldiers within named belong to my 
company and have not received the coats within mentioned nor the 
money. Charles Furbish, Captain.'^ 

Captain Benjamin Farnnni's CompaJiy {presumably) at Bunker Hillr 



Benjamin Farnum, Capt. 
Saml. Johnson, Lieut. 
Cyrus Marble, Lieut. 
John Chickering, a. 
William Johnson. 
John Parker. 
Saml. Carlton. 
John Barker. 
Joshua Frye. 
Joshua Long. 
Peter Farnham, a. 



John Johnson, a. 
Benjm. Parker. 
Ephraim Lasey. 
Nehemiah Abbot. 
Spofford Ames. 
George Abbot. 
John Barker. 
Ingalls Bragg, a. 
Jacob Barnard. 
Timothy Carlton. 
John Cross. 



Thomas Clark. 
Zachariah Chickering. 
John Dillaway. 
Stephen Farrington- 
John Farrington. 
Samuel Fowler. 
Jonathan Gardner, a. 
William Gordon. 
David How. 
Phineas Johnson, a. 
Peter Johnson. 



1 Killed June 17. 

2 This company was formed of men of Capt. Thomas Poor's, and some other 
companies, in May. They were enlisted in February. See Coat Rolls, " Col. 
James Fry's Regiment." 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 321 

Isaiah Ingalls. Timothy Poor. Ebenezer Thompson. 

Phineas Ingalls. John Parker. John Wilson. 

Samuel Lasey. Stephen Poor. James Wiley. 

Stephen Long. Enoch Parker. Simon Wardwell. 

Thomas Kenney- Jonathan Robinson. Joshua Wood. 

Dudley Messer, Methuen. Jonathan Stephens. Frederick Frye. 

John Nichols. James Stephens, Phineas Parker. 

Timothy Noyes. David Stephens. Cato Negro. 

Asa Osgood- Darius Sessions (taken Amos Stephens. 

Jacob Osgood. captive at Bunker Hill). Philip Farrington. 

Michael Parker, a. John Tyler. Jacob Tyler. 

Danl. Poor. John Turner, Deserted, <z. 

There i.s in a manuscript memorandum of Captain Farnum 
a list of names of men who received pay in his company. It 
differs in some respects from the foregoing roll. The names 
marked a in that roll are absent from it, and the followino- 
additional names ^ appear : — 

William Parker. Peter Poor. Benjamin Abbot. 

William Dilloway. Stephen Messer. 

At sunset, on the night of June i6th, the detachment for 
intrenching at Bunker Hill was ordered to be drawn up on 
Cambridge Common. Whither they were to go, or what duty 
to perform, was a profound secret to the men. They were 
paraded, and then a fervent prayer was offered by the Rev. 
Dr. Langdon, the patriotic President of Harvard College. 
The occasion was impressive, for all felt that some perilous 
enterprise was before them, and that this might be the last 
prayer which some of them would ever hear on earth. 

The night's march and work are familiar to all, but the de- 
scription of it by one of the Andover men will be read with 
interest. Thomas Boynton was Sergeant of Captain Ames's 
company. He writes : ^ — 

^ There were also Andover men in companies from other towns. The place 
of residence is not always given in the rolls, and the rolls, moreover, are only 
partial records, such as chance to have been preserved. Therefore were every 
name of Andover searched out, we should not know all the Revolutionary sol- 
diers of the town. 

The writer has preferred to attempt to show the companies as a whole in their 
more important service. This method, although it repeats some names and 
omits some, is believed to give more graphic and even historic interest; for, by 
it the past is more truly brought before the majority of readers, even thoucrh 
family or individual curiosity in respect to some particular soldier may not be 
gratified. 

- iMass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, 1S77. 

21 



322 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" Three regiments were ordered to peraid at 6 o'clock in the af- 
ternoon, namely : Conl. Fryes, Conl. Bridgs's and Conl, Prescotts, 
after which being done we attended prayers and about 9 at night 
we marched to Charlestown with about a 1000 men and at about 11 
o'clock we began to intrench in sight of Boston and the shiping." 

" It was a warm, still summer night," says Washington Ir- 
ving in his description of the battle, " the stars shone brightly, 
but everything was quiet. Boston was buried in sleep. The 
sentry's cry of 'All's well' could be heard distinctly from the 
shores, together with the drowsy calling of the watch on 
board the ships of war, and then all would relapse into si- 
lence." 

But of the stars, or the stillness, or the sleeping city, the 
poetry of the scene, Sergeant Boynton tells nothing. He 
was, doubtless, too hard at work to watch the heavens, or if 
he glanced above at the stars, while pausing from his labor 
in the trenches, it was to think how these same stars were 
shining down on the homestead at dear old Andover, and to 
wonder if any eyes were there watching them, and what the 
sleeping household at home would think if they could see 
him at his midnight toils. The night was hardly long enough 
to finish the work of intrenchment. As soon as the day 
broke, the British discovered what had been done and began 
their firing. Sergeant Boynton describes it as follows : — 

" At the sun's rising, they began to fire upon us from the shiping, 
the s** or 4"' shot they kild one man, and many others escaped very 
narrowly. At length they ceased their fire. Our work went on 
continually ; they began about 8 or 9 o'clock from Corps Hill and 
continued a hot fire." 

The history of the battle of Bunker Hill is in all the books. 
Nothing needs to be told to add to the knowledge of it, yet a 
description of it, as it appeared to one of our own townsmen,^ is 
too interesting to be omitted. Boynton's journal continues : — 

" About 2 or 3 o'clock the enemy landed and advanced toward us, 
its thot to the number of 2000 men, and soon planted their cannon 
and began the fire and advancing up to our Fort. After they came 
within gun shot we fired, and then ensued a very hot engagement. 

1 An English born citizen of Andover is grandson of a soldier who fought 
at Bunker Hill in the King's service. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 323 

After a number of shots passed, the enemy retreated, and we ceased 
our fire for a few minutes. They advanced again, and we began a 
hot fire for a short time. The enemy scaling our walls and the 
number of our men being few, we was ordered to retreat, at which 
time the enemy were allmost round us, and a continual firing at our 
heals." 

Colonel Frye was not with the working party, or on the 
field, at the beginning of the action, being occupied, it is said, 
with a court martial.^ Learning that the battle was going 
against our forces he, in the midst of the action, galloped to 
the field. Overtaking troops halted on the road, he rode up 
to the officer in command and impetuously demanded why 
there was any halting at such a time. Then cheering on the 
soldiers, he shouted, " This day thirty years I was at the tak- 
ing of Louisburg. This is a fortunate day for America, we 
shall certainly beat the enemy ! " Later in the day, after the 
British had carried the redoubt and our troops were retreat- 
ing, the enemy in pursuit. Colonel Frye was wounded in the 
thigh by a musket ball, which passed through the saddle and 
lodged in the back of his horse. He dismounted, extracted 
the ball, and rode on, with the remark, " The Regulars fire 
damned careless ! " Many other incidents are told of the 
bravery and coolness of Andover men. A private, John 
Barker, seeing his captain and friend, Benjamin Farnuni, 
lying wounded in the path of the retreat, took him upon his 
shoulders, and steadying him by putting his gun across un- 
der his knees, bade him hold fast, and started off on the run, 
calling out, " The Regulars sha'n't have Ben." This is told 
by descendants of Captain Farnum, and by some of the 
neio-hbors. On the other hand it has been the tradition in 
the Abbot family, and the Barker family, that Lieut. Isaac 
Abbot was the man rescued from the " Regulars." Since 
the claim is made for the two, it is undoubtedly true that one 
or the other was carried off. 

There is a tradition in regard to the bravery of a negro 
servant in the battle, which is also confirmed by the State 
records. The story goes that " Salem Poor," a slave, owned 
by Mr. John Poor, shot Lieutenant-colonel Abercrombie. As 

1 MS. pedigree of the Frye family. 



324 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

that officer sprang on the redoubt, while our men were in re- 
treat, and exclaimed, " The day is ours," Salem turned and 
took aim and fired. He saw the officer fall. The record in 
the Archives ^ is as follows : — 

" RECOMMENDATION OF SALEM POOR, A NEGRO, FOR BRAVERY. 
" To THE HONL. GeNL. CoURT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BaY. 

The subscribers begg leave to Report to your Honble House, which 
we do in justice to the Caracter of so Brave a Man that came un- 
der our observation. We declare that a Negro Man called Salem 
Poor, of Col. Frye's Regiment, Capt. Ames' company, in the late 
battle at Charlestown behaved like an experienced ofhcer as well as 
an excellent soldier ; to set forth Perticulars of his conduct would 
be tedious. Wee would only begg leave to say, in the Person of this 
sd. Negro centres a Brave & Gallant soldier. The Reward due to 
so great and Distinguished a Caracter wee submit to the Congress. 
"Cambridge, Z>f<r. 6, 1775. Jona Brewer, Col. 

Thomas Winon, Lt.-col. 

Wm. Prescott, Colo. 

Eph"*' Cary, Lieut. 

Joseph Baker, LietiU 

Joshua Reed, Lieut." 

The descendants of Captain Furbush relate ^ that he was 
disabled at the beginning of the action, and carried to the 
rear, and that Samuel Bailey, the lieutenant, took the com- 
mand, and was rushing forward, cheering the men, when 
he was shot dead by a cannon ball. The first tidings that 
reached Andover were that both Captain Furbush and Sam- 
uel Bailey had been killed. Their wives, who were friends, 

1 Vol. clxxx., p. 241. 

2 See " Revolutionary Reminiscences," Lawrence American, 1S75. The writer 
finds no evidence to show that Samuel Bailey held the rank of lieutenant, al- 
though it is a family tradition that he did, and that he came within one vote of 
being chosen captain. The first roll found of the company has a blank in the 
first lieutenant's place. The roll for October has the name of Jeremiah Blanch- 
ard, lieutenant, and also as private, indicating that he may have been promoted 
after the death of the lieutenant. The name of Samuel Bailey, Jr., is given 
among the privates as "killed June 17, 1775." Samuel Bailey, Jr., was the son 
of Samuel Bailey, who, in 1733, bought a quarter section of land (250 acres) in 
the west part of Andover, near the Merrimack River, and the borders of Tewks- 
bury (first of the name in town). He was great-grandfather of the writer of 
these sketches. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIOiVARY WAR. 325 

had met to mourn together when news came of the Captaui's 
safety. He had the bloody clothes of his comrade-in-arms 
cleansed and sent home. The son of the deceased, a lad of 
sixteen, was on the field and recovered his watch. 

The following action was taken in the General Court, in 
March, 1776, in regard to the petition of representatives of 
the deceased for compensation for his loss of gun, etc. : — 

" On the account of the loss of Samuel Bailey, Jr., deceased, of a 
Gun and sundry other articles in the Battle on Bunker's Hill — 

" Resolved, That there be paid to the Heirs of the said Samuel 
Bailey, Junr., deceased, the sum of seven pounds sixteen shillings 
and eight pence in full of said account." 

Again, in June, further action was taken as follows : — 

'■'' June 14, 1776. Whereas, at the sessions of the last General 
Court of this Colony, an account of losses sustained by Samuel 
Bailey, Junr., at the Battle at Bunker's Hill was exhibited to said 
Court and by a resolve of the said Court of the 15th of March 
last, the sum of seven pounds sixteen shillings and eight pence 
was ordered to be paid to Joseph Bailey in full of said account, 
which resolve passed all branches ; and whereas it appears evident 
that it was through mistake that the sum aforesaid was ordered to 
be paid to the said Joseph and that it ought to have been made 
payable to the administratrix on the estate of said Samuel, there- 
fore it is resolved that the resolve aforesaid be and hereby is de- 
clared null and void, and that the sum of seven pounds sixteen 
shillings and eight pence be paid to Hannah Bayley administratrix 
on the estate of the said Samuel Bailey, junior. Deceased, in full of 
his account for losses at the battle at Bunker Hill." 

[Read and concurred — consented to,] 

It is sometimes supposed by persons unacquainted with 
the facts that accurate and careful records are on file in the 
State Archives in regard to the soldiers who fought in the 
battles of the Revolution ; that the names of the killed and 
wounded in any battle are readily to be found. But such is 
by no means the case, as every one knows who has had occa- 
sion to make search. The rolls were returned mainly for the 
purpose of obtaining the pay due the soldiers, and they are 
often deficient in particulars of residence and in other re- 
spects ; and moreover, they do not cover the entire service, 



326 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

but are fragmentary and imperfect, and, to a great extent, 
without chronological arrangement. 

The only roll found which shows the losses sustained of 
the men at Bunker Hill is one of the company of Captain 
Ames, containing a list of names, and " guns that is lost," 
" coats that is lost," " Blankets that is lost," "great Coats that 
is lost," " Knapsacks that is lost." This indicates the panic 
and haste in which the fleeing men dropped whatever im- 
peded their retreat. 

Boynton's journal says : " We lost William Haggot, Joseph 
Chandler, and Philip Abbot. Wounded, Lieut. Isaac Abbot, 
Sergt. Joshua Lovejoy, James Turner, Jeremiah Wardwell, 
Stephen Chandler, and Israel Holt, of our company." 

An account of moneys paid to Mr. Samuel Phillips for sev- 
eral Andover men for their losses has the following names : ^ — 

Cyrus Marble 
Isaac Abbott 
Stephen Farrington 
Benjamin Farnum 
John Barker ^^ 

To Captain Farnum's ^ family came, on the day of battle, 
the news that he was wounded, and they took measures to 

1 Other names are found {Mass. Archives, vol. cxxxviii., p. 381), on a list from 
Andover and vicinity, the towns not specified. The following seem to belong to 
Andover. 

Timothy Johnson ^i 14 8 

Timothy Carlton 2 16 

Spofford Ames 24 

Jonathan Stevens 2 

Thomas Kenney 
Jacob Osgood 
Simon Wardwell 
Ingalls Bragg 
Eph. La^ey 
Joshua Wood 
Timothy Noyes 
Saml. Carlton 
Tho. Clark 
John Parker 
Jacob Barnard 

2 Resident of North Andover. The estate owned now by Jacob Farnum, in 
the Farnham District. 



£^ 


5 


2 


8 


2 




3 


13 


2 


16 



10 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 327 

have him brought home. A sort of litter was placed on 
poles, and fastened to two chairs, and drawn by horses har- 
nessed tandem. The Captain never wholly recovered from 
this wound, though he served during the whole war, and 
lived to a remarkable age ; the sore made by the bullet con- 
tinued to fester and be painful. Pieces of bone and the bul- 
let that were taken from it were long kept, ghastly trophies 
of his first battle. The following notice of this veteran pa- 
triot appeared in the "Essex Gazette," June, 1829: — 

" Observing in a late Boston Patriot, since the death of Gen. 
Dearborn, that he was the last surviving captain who was at the 
ever memorable battle of the 17"' June 1775 on Bunker Hill, and of 
the only five who were present at the laying of the corner stone of 
the monument in 1825, 1 would state that I am informed that Capt. 
Benjamin Farnum commanded the Andover Infantry Company on 
that memorable day and was on the same spot fifty years afterward, 
and is now also alive and in his eighty-third year. Although some 
infirm and lame from the wounds received in the action by two 
balls in his thigh, one of which has been extracted and he still 
keeps it as a valuable relict of that eventful day's carnage. Capt. 
Farnum still sustains the ofiice of deacon of the North church in 
Andover which he has honorably and respectably filled for nearly 

forty years.-^ 
"Andover North, I'jth June, 1829." 

The day of the Battle of Bunker Hill and the night which 
followed, were full of terrible anxiety and suspense to the 
friends trembling for the fate of their kindred and townsfolk. 
From the high hills they strained their eyes to catch a glimpse 
of coming messengers, and watched the lurid fires of the 
burning city stream up on the horizon, while the incessant 
booming of the cannon made even stout hearts quail and 
all tremble for the fate of friends on the battle-field. 

The next day was the Sabbath ; but who could sit down 
in the meeting-house and listen to sermons, or compose his 
mind for the duty of public prayer, however devout he might 
be ! Concerning the state of things, the pastor of the South 
Church, the Rev. Jonathan French, writes : — 

1 A memorandum in Deacon Farnmn's note-book is as follows : "The First 
Church in Andover to Benj. Farnum, Dr., For Bread and wine to supply the 
Communion table for six sackrements in the year 1791, £.\ y ^d. 



d^V^' o.a: 



328 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" Our houses of public worship were generally shut up. It was 
the case here. When the news of the battle reached us, the anxiety 
and distress of wives and children, of parents, of brothers, sisters, 
and friends was great. It was not known who were among the 
slain or living, the wounded or the well. It was thought justifiable 
for us who could to repair to the camp to know the circumstances, 
to join in the defence of the country and prevent the enemy from 
pushing the advantages they had gained, and to afford comfort and 
relief to our suffering brethren and friends." 

With surgical instruments, for he was a practical surgeon, 
and musket, for he w^as a trained soldier, and Bible, as became 
his profession, the Rev. Dr. French made his Sabbath day's 
journey to the camp, and rendered valuable aid there in min- 
istering to the wounded and the dying. 

There were two other officers at Bunker Hill whom Ando- 
ver might justly claim as among her sons. One of these was 
■ ^x 6- ^ Colonel (afterward General) Enoch Poor, of Exeter, a brother 
, "TuTr^Qf. Major Poor, of Andover. He commanded one of the New 
^^i^ampshire regiments under General Stark. The chaplain 
of one of these regiments was our townsman, the Rev. David 
Osgood. He had been less than a year settled in Medford, 
and from that place (through which marched the New Hamp- 
shire troops) joined the service. The horrors of the day 
made a deep and lasting impression on his mind, and led 
him to deplore war as a great, if sometimes necessary, evil. 
He strongly opposed, in his old age, the War of 18 12. In a 
sermon, written against this war, he thus describes his feel- 
ings during the Revolution : " I have not forgotten, nor can 
I ever forget while consciousness abides with me, my own 
mental sufferings during the period of our former war. 
Through the eight long years, whose slow, lingering pace, 
while hope was deferred and the heart sickened with pain 
and anguish, seemed without end, a burden lay upon my 
spirits, by day and by night, almost too heavy for frail mor- 
tality to sustain. During the hours of repose, visions of 
horror rose in my imagination, and disturbed my rest ; 
through the long-lived day the distresses of my country and 
the dangers and disasters of my friends harassed my thoughts. 
In the meanwhile, the course of nature moved on tranquil 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. - 329 

and serene, without suspension or interruption. The deHght- 
ful vicissitudes of day and night, the cheery rotation of the 
seasons were what they had been before, and what they have 
continued to be since, but to my feeHngs they were not the 
same, and brought not the accustomed pleasure. . . ." 

After relating the course of meditation which filled his 
mind on the strange contrast between the peace and beauty 
of nature and the passions and strife of man, he says : — 

" Thus daily lamenting and praying against the miseries 
of war, I passed through that most gloomy portion of my 
past life, from 1775 till the transporting sound of peace, in 

1783." 

Yet David Osgood was, like his classmates in college, Sam- 
uel Phillips and Jonathan French, a zealous advocate of the 
Revolutionary measures. Respecting his position, in regard 
to this war, he says : " I entertained the sentiment in which 
my fellow-citizens were universally, almost to a man, agreed, 
that on our part it was necessary, and from this conviction I 
composed and preached frequent discourses to animate and 
encourage its prosecution." 

Besides being favored with excellent religious advisers, and 
the sympathizing attendance of their minister, the Andover 
soldiers had also the advantage of the medical service of one 
of their own townsmen. Dr. Thomas_Kittredge was the sur- 
geon of Col. James Frye's regiment. He was in the battle, 
and doubtless did much to alleviate the sufferings of the 
wounded, who were his acquaintances and friends. He was 
remarkably well fitted for his position, by his familiarity 
from childhood with such practice. His father, Dr. John Kit- 
tredge, had been famous in all the country around Andover, 
and had had staying in his house for treatment, soldiers of 
the French War. His grandfather, also Dr. Kittredge, of 
Tewksbury, was a physician of repute, and his great-grand- 
father is said to have been a physician of the Old Country. 
To these advantages of inherited professional talent, Dr. Kit- 
tredge joined ample education. Moreover, he enjoyed excep- 
tional facilities for procuring the supplies needful for alle- 
viating suffering, being not only himself a man of wealth, 
but intimately connected with the most influential officers in 



330 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

camp, and brother-in-law to Maj. Samuel Osgood, who had 
charge of the department of supplies. 

The following letter, found among Dr. Thomas Kittredge's 
papers, is of interest. If the answer to it could be found, it 
would be still more valuable. 

"ROXBURY, June 8, 1818. 
"To Dr. Thomas Kittredge : — 

^^ Sir : Understanding you were in the Battle of Bunker Hill, I 
will thank you to answer the following questions : Where were you 
stationed during the batde and what were the general occurrences 
during the engagement? Did you see Genl. Putnam on the battle 
ground while the action continued? Did you see Genl. Putnam 
during the 17"' of June, 1775 ; if so when was it and what was he 
doing? When the Americans retreated did you see Genl, Putnam 
on foot or on horseback on Bunker Hill or Charlestown Neck ? 
Have you seen Genl. H. Dearborn's account of the Battle of Bunker 
Hill ? If so what is your opinion of it? You will much oblige me 
by returning a letter containing your answer, an account of the 
batde so far as you were acquainted with the circumstances of the 
day. With due respect, 

Your obt servt, 

H. Dearborn." 

The soldiers of few country towns (it is safe to hazard the 
statement) were more influentially represented in the camp 
at Cambridge, in the year 177S, than were those of Andover. 
To recapitulate : there were more or less at camp, besides the 
captains of the companies, Maj. Samuel Osgood, Maj. Thomas 
Poor, Col. James Fry, Gen. Joseph Fry, Adjutant-general 
Bimsley Stevens, Hon. Samuel Phillips, Sen., Samuel Phillips, 
Jun., Esq., Rev. Jonathan French, Dr. Thomas Kittredge, 
Col. Samuel Johnson, with Col. Enoch Poor, of New Hamp- 
shire, Rev. David Osgood, Mr. William Philhps, of Boston, 
all natives of the town. Any of these would have the ability 
and the disposition to befriend a townsman in his country's 
service ; and it is therefore reasonable to believe that Ando- 
ver soldiers suffered less than many others for lack of the 
necessaries and comforts of camp-life. 

In mentioning the surgeon of the First Regiment, it may 
be suitable also to notice briefly the other physicians in prac- 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 331 

tice at Andover in Revolutionary times. Dr. Ward Noyes, 
the surgeon of the French War, lived through the Revolution, 
and did service for soldiers. 

Dr. Joseph Osgood, a trader and apothecary, also prescribed, 
and had a large practice, and was succeeded by his son, Dr. 
George Osgood. To Dr. Osgood, one of the soldiers, James 
Stevens, at home from camp on furlough, applied for medi- 
cal treatment, as he records in his journal. 
^Dr. Abiel. Abbot, too, of French War service, was still in 
practice in Andover. j Also, Dr. Daniel How, son of Dr. 
Israel How, the first physician of Andover (171 8), was in 
practice, especially in treatment of the insane. 

The Provincial Congress, June 14, 1775, passed the follow- 
ing resolve, in regard to Dr. How : — 

"Whereas the committee are informed that Dr. How of Andover 
is prepared to receive insane patients and is well skilled in such 
disorders, resolved that Daniel Adams, a lunatic now at Woburn, 
be carried to the town of Andover and committed to the care of 
Doct. How and the said Dr. How be hereby desired to take proper 
care of the said lunatic at the expense of this colony." 

It is possible that the reputation of this physician may 
have had something to do with the subsequent selection of 
Andover as the place of retreat for the patriot James Otis, 
when his mind became clouded and deranged. 

The Sunday morning following the day of the battle of 
Bunker Hill, Col. Joseph Fry left Andover for the camp at 
Cambridge. He spent the night at Medford, and arrived on 
the 19th in camp. His old friends flocked around him, — 
the officers and soldiers of his former campaigns. They im- 
portuned him to stay and accept a command. He says that, 
"finding his services so generally desired, he consented to 
serve his country accordingly, the distresses of his exposed 
plantation notwithstanding. The Honorable the Congress of 
the Colony were pleased to honor him with a Major General's 
Commission date June 21." However, when the Continen- 
tal Congress adopted the array at Cambridge, and appointed 
the officers, some mistake or delay occurred about Colonel 
Frye's commission. He ultimately received a Brigadier-gen- 
eral's commission, presented to him by Washington in per- 



332 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

son, 5th February, 1776. He stayed in camp during June 
and July of 1775, then returned to Andover and "tarried 
here till November," — then was put in command of a force 
in Cumberland for defence of the sea-coast.'^ His connection 
with Andover, so far as we know, now ceases, his place of 
residence being the town of Fryeburg. 

The Battle of Bunker Hill, and the consequently increased 
discomforts to the patriots of living in Boston, brought some 
other residents to Andover during the summer of 1775. 
Mr. William Phillips, a nephew of the Rev. Samuel Phillips, 
of Andover, was a merchant of Boston. He had married 
Miss Margaret Wendell. Her brother, Mr. Oliver Wendell, 
and his partner, Mr. Nathaniel Appleton, were also in mer- 
cantile business. These gentlemen both left Boston, Mr. 
Wendell going to reside in Newburyport and Mr. Appleton 
coming to live at Andover. These statements will serve to 
explain the allusions in the following letters. Three days 
after the battle, Mr. Appleton writes from Andover to Mr. 
Wendell, whom he addresses as "Brother pilgrim" : — 

" Andover,^ June 21, 1775. 

" This informs you that (Mother Rowlandson like) I have made 
a second remove, have got a very commodious house, considering 
the times, about 2 miles from the grand country road. If you come 
to see me, take your directions of Mr. French, or if you write, direct 
to his care. 

" I have been hoeing my Potatoes and Beans today. You 'd 
say, brother Nat is in good spirits, but be assured he is extremely 
anxious for our public affairs. I went to Cambridge last Friday. 
Father remains poorly, but we removed him to your good sister 
Phillips's that afternoon. Next day, as wife and I were returning 
home through Cambridge, met the express going to Congress in- 
forming the regulars had landed at Charlestown ; we tacked about, 
went through Woburn to Salem, and was constantly presented with 
the melancholy appearance of the fire at Charlestown 

" Late at night, candle going out. Yr. friend." 

Various other letters are written from this time to Novem- 
ber, when Mr. Appleton comunicates good news, the birth 

1 These facts appear in various petitions to tlie General Court found in the 
records and archives. 

2 Hist. Coll. Essex Institute, voh xiii. 



ANDOVER IX THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 333 

to him of a son, and, in patriotic strain, he adds : " The boy 
I named last Sabbath George Washington." 

From another letter, which follows this, it may be inferred 
that this " naming," probably by baptism, of his son for the 
" rebel " leader, was obnoxious to some of Mr. Appleton's 
loyalist acquaintances, and that the British general showed 
his spite by increased severity toward some of Mr. Appleton's 
friends in Boston : — 

" Why you should attribute How's treatment of the Deacon ^ to 

poor little George I can't conceive, as we are all rebels And 

you say they hate me. Who ? Surely amidst the ten thousand of 
Israel little N. A. in Andover woods, can't be of importance enough 
to be inquired after." 

Patriotic christenings were fashionable at Andover, in 1775. 
The " Boston Gazette," Monday, November 27th, records : — 

"The 19th Inst. Mr. Joseph Hall late of Boston but now of 
Andover had a child christened by the Rev. Mr. French of that 
place by the name of Joseph Warren, to perpetuate the memory of 
Major Genl. Joseph Warren who was slain on Bunker Hill in the 
ever memorable battle on the 17th of June, 1775." 

Such " christenings " were no doubt performed with an 
unction by the patriotic parson French. And the fervent 
appeals which he made on such occasions of consecration no 
doubt inspired and strengthened many parents for the dedi- 
cation which they made so cheerfully to their country of the 
children whom God had given them. From the meeting- 
house to the camp, and from the camp to the meeting-house, 
as appears from the diary of our townsman James Stevens, 
our soldiers went, in the true Cromwellian spirit, to " trust in 
God and keep their powder dry." 

Besides the eminent and influential residents of Boston 
who made Andover a place of refuge, there were others less 
known to fame : — 

" Died^ at Andover, the 12th Inst., Mrs. Lydia Smith, aged 64. 
She was formerly a schoolmistress in Boston, but lately drove from 
that unhappy town by the cruel hand of Tyranny. By her life and 

1 Perhaps Mr. Lovell, the business agent left, who was imprisoned. 

2 IVczu England Chronicle, for year 1776. 



334 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

conversation we must draw the conclusion that she is departed to 
that happy Place where the wicked cease from Troubling and the 
weary are at rest." 

Some of the poor of Boston were also assigned to An- 
dover in the distribution made of them among the towns. 

Andover was selected as a place of safety for the library 
of Harvard College. At first the Provincial Congress voted 
to send the whole library here, but afterward it was decided 
to distribute it in various towns. Mr. Samuel Phillips, Jr., 
was packing the books on the day of the battle of Bunker 
Hill, and says he was so busy that he did not hear the 
sound of the battle : — 

" Amid all the terrors of battle I was so busily engaged in Har- 
vard Library that I never even heard of the engagement (I mean 
the siege) till it was completed." 

On the 15th of June, 1775, the Congress had taken the 
following action : ^ — 

'^Resolved, that the Library apparatus and other valuables of 
Harvard College be removed as soon as may be to the town of 
Andover, that Mr. Samuel Phillips, Mr. Daniel Hopkins and 
Dummer Jewett Esq. be a committee to consult with the Revd- 
the President, the Honble Mr. Winthrop, and the Librarian or 
such of them as may be conveniently obtained and with them to 
engage some suitable Person or persons in said town to trans- 
port, receive and take the charge of the above mentioned Ef- 
fects, that said committee join with other gentlemen in employing 
proper persons for packing said Library apparatus and such other 
Articles as they shall judge expedient and take all due care that it 
be done with the greatest safety and despatch and as the Packages 
shall be completed that they give notice to those engaged to re- 
ceive them." 

On the 23d of June, this resolve was reconsidered and it 
was voted to engage some suitable person, in the town of An 
dover and S7icJi other places as they may think best, to receive 
and take the charge, etc. 

The following accounts which are found of the expenses 
of this removal indicate the places where the books were kept 
in Andover : — 

1 Records of General Cotirt. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 335 

" Bill for Carting Books from Cambridge to Andover. 

" Andover, July 22, 1775. 
" Colony of Massachusetts Bay to the following persons, viz. 

" To Josiah Blanch aid, jr. 
"To carting one load of Books belonging to Harvard College 
from Menotomy to Mr. Samuel Osgood's in Andover,^ 20 miles 
^i. o. o Dr. 

(Signed) Josiah Blanchard." 

" Colony aforesaid to John Lovejoy Abbot Dr. 
'' To carting one load of Books from Menotomy to the house of 
George Abbot, Esq.,^ in Andover, 17 miles ^o. 17. Dr. 

" (Signed) John L. Abbot." 

Also there are bills of Benjamin Ames, Jr., and Philemon 
Dane, for carting books the same distance as the first named 
lot, at the same price, namely one pound. This would indi- 
cate that three loads were brought the twenty miles to the 
house of Mr. Samuel Osgood. A receipt follows from Mr. 
Phillips : — 

*' Andover, July 22, 1776. 

" This may certify that the within named Josiah Blanchard, Benj. 
Ames Jr., Philemon Dane, John Lovejoy Abbot did the vi'ithin 
mentioned service by my order. ..." 

"Watertown, May 12, 1776. 

" Received the sum of three pounds seventeen shillings in full of 
the above account. 

" (Signed) Samuel Phillips Jr." 

The journal of James Stevens gives a glimpse of Andover 
on the day of the battle of Bunker Hill and also a picture of 
the camp life of the soldiers about Boston in the first year of 
the war, their journeyings back and forth between Cambridge 
and Andover, and the sort of life they led while on duty. At 
the time of the battle, the writer of the journal was on fur- 
lough for sickness. On the 15 th, he had a pass to go 
home : — 

" I was not abel to do my duty. I went up to farington's & 
there I had his horse, & his wife went with me & Jonathan Gard- 

1 North Andover. 

2 Phillips Street, west of Latin Commons, afterwards occupied by Judge 
Phillips. 



336 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ner. We got horn about ten a clock. I staid all night at broth- 



ers. 



'■'■ Fryeday y^ i6. This morning I went to Docter Osgood's & 
he gave me a puk. I went home & in the afternoon I tuk it. 

"■ Saturday y^ i^. I went after my hors up to I herd 

that our men was gon to bunker hill to intrench and that they 
shot won of our men, won polerd of Bilrica. we saw a lit tords 
Charleston. 

'■'• Sunday / i8. this morning I went to doctor Osgood & 
there was a larum, they said that the regerlers had com out & we 
herd that our men was gon on to bunker hill to intrench & that 
the regelers was com over & had cild a hundred of our men & 
wounded a great many more, in the afternoon I went to Boxford 
meeting ; ^ after meeting I went to town to se what nuse. the men 
was a coming back. 

" Tuesday 20. This morning I went up to Captain Varnum's to 
se him. he was wounded in two places in his leg. 

" Thursday, this morn I started for Cambridge about nine 
a'clock. I met Timothy Carlton at deacon barlerds. he was 
wounded in the nek. I got down to Cambridge about sunset." 

Nothing more of marked interest is chronicled till Satur- 
day, July the 1st, when the arrival of General Washington is 
expected : — 

" We preaded to receive the new general Washington but he did 

not com. 

" Sunday y^ 2. This morning we preaded to receive the new jin- 
eral. it rained & we was dismissed, the jeneral com in about 
nine. There was no meting. In the afternoon I went to the colidge 
6^ heard a sermon." 

The fourth of July, not yet " Independence Day," brings 
visitors to camp, come partly for the sake of seeing the new 
general : — 

" Afternoon. Mr. Stephen Barker & his wife, Sarah & Major 
Poor's wife, & Jonathan Stevens' wife & Phineas Johnson's wife, 
they all come down. 

" Thursday, 13. I went to her prayers.^ Jonathan Gardner 
came from Andover & told us that Cor. Osgood was ded." 

1 Nothing interfered with his observance of his religious duty. 

2 This phrase to " hear prayers " first occurs in the journal after Washington 
took command. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 337 

On Tuesday, August ist, James Stevens has a little variety 
in his round of duty. He is one of a company detailed to 
march to Worcester, as a guard of some thirty prisoners : — 

" About nine we went to Concord & staid all night, we put the 
prisoners into jail, we got our supper & sot a sentry." 

The journal states that they marched through Littleton 
and Lancaster, and at the latter place stayed all night, where 
the " towns peapol stod sentry over " the prisoners and re- 
lieved the soldiers. They arrived safe in Worcester, and 
lodged their prisoners in the jail. These prisoners were 
tories. How they were dealt with for their toryism by the 
zealous sons of liberty, appears from the memoranda of this 
diary : — 

" The toris went with their hats under thar arms & we returned 

them to the prison — the tories wefit in to the dungeons 

" We got some vitels & then sot of for hom." 

James Stevens and his comrades now in camp again, he 
devotes himself to the nursing of a sick friend, Asa Parker, 
and is himself also sick for a time. But as often as Sunday 
comes he goes to meeting. The sermons which he mentions 
as having heard would make a volume. Now it was Presi- 
dent Langdon, and now Dr. Appleton, and then " w^on Mr. 
Emerson," and Mr. Osgood and Mr. Cleveland. 

In September he was at home on a visit, and the 30th 
made "a apel chest for grandfather." 

Sunday, October rst, "I went to Andover meeting & herd 
Mr. Syms." On the 7th of October he was enlisted, under 
Captain Pollard, and at work as a carpenter on the bar- 
racks : — 

^^ Sunday, Dec. 10. Captain Polerd com out & said that our 
wages was cut down to eight pence, the men all Left of worke, in 
the forenoon Cap. Polerd com & said that we was all Dismissed 
there was a great many of the militia coming. 

" Mofiday. This morning Cap. Pollerd com out & said if we 
would go to worke we should have seven pounds ten a month. 

" Wednesday, Dec. 20. I got a man to cuk for me & I set of for 
home. I got to Andover about aleven a clock at night. I went 
to John Barker's to carry some things to uncle John. 

22 



338 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



(< 



Dec. 25. This morning I got up a little afore Day & yoket up 
fore oxen for uncle John & set off for Cambridge. I got to Cam- 
bridge about Dusk & then went to roxbury & got there a little after 
eight." 

A good day's work this was, in the dead of winter, — yok- 
ing up oxen before daylight, and travelling all day over such 
roads as there were a hundred years ago. At the end of the 
month the company were dismissed (their time having ex- 
pired), and their " guns were taken away." 

James Stevens stayed a few days " to work," and on the 
7th of January, at five o'clock in the morning, set off for 
home. It was Sunday, and, true to his principles, he stops 
(within three miles of home) and goes " to Mr. French's meet- 
ing," and, travelling on a piece toward home, in the after- 
noon goes to Mr. Symmes' meeting. The next Sunday he 
was at Cambridge, and for two Sundays he " worked " on 
General Putnam's store. (This was not according to his 
ideas of Sabbath-keeping.) He says, " I was obleaged to 
work at the store." .... "Sunday, March the 11, We did 
not worke. I zvetit to meeting in the forenoon. In the after- 
noon I went on to the hils, & sold my gun for ten Dolers." 
He records a feat of two of his fellow soldiers and its result, 
thus : — 

" There was a man ciled himself a Drinken jin. There 
was two men Drinkt forty-fore glasses — won Died." 

In March he is "at hom." Sunday, the 17th, he goes "to 
meetin to Boxford," and hears "Mr. Holihok." . . . . " Mon- 
day, Mar. 18. This Day I went up to town & got my hair 
Drest, & then went to Deacon Chadwick's to se the Boxford 
ofBcers chose." But although his time was out, he could not 
be easy at home. He has to go to camp to see what is doing. 
He hears of the evacuation of Boston by the British : " They 
told us that our peaple had tuck possession of Boston. The 
regerlers lie in sight." 

He stayed about Cambridge doing duty as a substitute for 
a month, and in April returned to Andover. The journal 
leaves him going to meeting, hearing Mr. Adams preach, or 
Mr. Symmes, on Sundays, and on week-days working at split- 
ting rails, and helping " uncle John work on his hous." 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 339 

In regard to the events in camp at Cambridge, a few other 
relics and traditions of Andover men are preserved. A 
souvenir of the courtesies of General Washington was long 
kept by the descendants of Captain Furbush — an invitation 
to a dinner party. It is thus described by the Captain's 
grandson : — 

"This Invitation is written on figured paper, a strip six inches 
long and three wide folded once lengthwise and then by four 
angles into a square and addressed to Capt. Furbush, Col. Bridge's 
Regiment. The contents are as follows : ' Gen. Washington's 
Compliments to Captain Furbush and requests his company to din- 
ner to-day." 

There is a tradition of an interview of another Andover 
officer with the commander-in-chief, somewhat less agree- 
able, than this dinner-party may be supposed to have been. 
The General was in conference with the field officers, respect- 
ing various important and perplexing questions of organiza- 
tion and discipline, of which there were so many at this time. 
He was rehearsing the difficulties and embarrassments of 
his position, in command of an army undisciplined, poorly 
equipped, and enlisted only for a short period of service. 
With a view, doubtless, to animate the patriotism of the offi- 
cers and to induce them to forego any petty jealousies or per- 
sonal considerations, he dwelt at length on his own sacrifices, 
and emphasized the statement that he had left his comfort- 
able home and come to Cambridge to take command, from 
no motive of ambition, but influenced solely by love of coun- 
try and a desire to serve the public interests. Nettled at 
what he conceived to be an affront to the Provincial officers, 
and conscious of his own singleness of purpose, Col. James 
Frye sprang to his feet, and facing General Washington, in- 
terrupted his discourse, — "Sir, what do you think w^ came 
here for t " 

Notwithstanding the commander's despondency and Col- 
onel Frye's irascibility, the work of reorganizing went on 
successfully. Difficulties were overcome in a manner that 
seems almost miraculous. " Search the vast volumes of his- 
tory through," wrote Washington, " and I much question 



340 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

whether a case similar to ours is to be found, to wit : to main- 
tain a post against the flower of the British troops for six 
months together, without powder, and at the end of them to 
have one army disbanded and another to raise within the same 
distance of a reenforced enemy." Everywhere, however, he 
was sustained. The towns sent in suppHes to the extent of 
their ability, and the work of enlisting went on briskly, al- 
though it seemed often to the anxious officers to be but slowly. 
Andover sent fifty pounds of powder and also another com- 
pany of soldiers. Capt. John Abbot's memorandum, — 
" Perticular Allowance I have Rec'd for my company, since 
we arrived at Head Quarters at Cambridge," shows that the 
company arrived December 9, 1775. The note book has 
various memoranda : as " Draw'd one Day's allowance of 

Bread & Meat Draw'd allowance of Molasses, Sope 

& Candles for 7 days." .... 

The following list of names of the company is made up 
from this note book. 

The other muster roll of Benjamin Farnum's company is 
added to show the changes of officers in the regiment within 
the year. Capt. John Peabody, the roll of whose company 
follows, is sometimes reckoned from Boxford, sometimes from 
Andover. 

Captain Peabody served as adjutant to Col. Isaac Smith 
early in the year, in the army about Boston.^ 

" Captain JoJm Abbot's Co?npa?iy. A Reinforcemmt to the Army at 

Cambridge, Dec. g, 177s" 

Captain John Abbott. Elijah Barker. Simeon Farnum. 

Lieut. John Peabody. Isaac Barker. John Field. 

Lieut. Benj. Poor. Uzziel Batchelder. David Fish. 

Sergt. Stephen Abbot. John Bejom. Joseph Foster. 

Sergt. Daniel Poor. Philip Bejom. Isaac Foster. 

Corporal Philip Abbot. John Blunt. John Frye. 

Corporal Isaac Carlton. Benj. Carlton. Abijah Fuller. 

Ephraim Abbot. Ebenezer Clarke. Jacob Grainger. 

Nathan Abbot. John Chandler. Thomas Gray. 

Nehemiah Abbot. Nathian Coburn. Jeremiah Goldsmith. 

Andrew Allen. Francis Dane. Edward Herrick. 

Benjamin Barker. William Dennice. David Holt. 

1 See Force's American Archives* 
2 See also, Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xxviii., p. 124. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 34I 



Samuel Holt. 
Lemuel Holt. 
Daniel Ingalls. 
Edmoiid Ingalls. 
Henry Ingalls. 
Joel Jenkins. 
Obed Johnson. 
Thomas Kimball. 
Daniel Lovejoy. 
Moses Lovejoy. 



Samuel Lovejoy. 
John Lovejoy. 
Jacob Mackentire. 
James Marshal. 
Saml Marshal. 
Isaac Mooar. 
Aaron Parker. 
John Phillpes. 
Joseph Russel. 
Jedediah Russel. 



David Russel. 
Isaac Russel. 
Jacob Russel. 
Nathaniel Sawyer. 
Phineas Spafford. 
Ephraini Swan. 
Joseph Shattuck. 
Oliver Whiting. 
Josei)h Wilson. 
Benjamin Wood. 



" Roll of Capt. Befijamin Famiinis Company. A Reinforcetnent to 
the Army near Boston, Feb. 1776." 



Benj" Farnum, Capt. 
Eliphalet Hardy, i^' Lieut. 
Ebenezer Peabody, 2"'^ Lt. 
Joshua Chandler, Ensn. 
Stephen Messer, Sergt. 
Andrew Peabody, do. 
Jeduthan Abbot, do. 
William Bacon, do. 
Timothy Carlton, Corpl. 
Elijah Clark, do. 

Jonathan Lovejoy, do. 
Allier Perley, do. i 

Jonathan Buxton, Drum. 
John Wilson, Fifer. 
John Welch. 
Jeremy Robinson. 
Peter Robinson. 
Samuel West. 
Benja. Frye. 
Nathan Ingals. 
Jacob Barnard. 
Jonathan Ballard. 
Abiel Abbot. 
Jacob Stiles. 
Joseph Parker. 
Abijah Ingals. 
John Chandler, jr. 
Joseph Chandler. 
John Farington. 



Time of Service 66 days. 

Timothy Johnson. 
Jonathan Darrow. 
David Dorrant. 
Daniel Blanchard. 
Isaac Smith. 
Phineas Parker. 
David Porter. 
Phineas Mclntire. 
Daniel Ingals. 
Jotham Barrow. 
Joseph Abbot. . 
Jacob Johnson. • 
Isaac Holt. 
Jabez Haywood. 
Israel Farnum. 
Nathaniel Frye. 
David Beverly. 
John Nichols. 
Daniel Kimball. 
William Lovejoy. 
John Poor. 
Daniel Poor. 
James Bridges. 
Spofford Ames. 
Abiel Upton. 
Josiah Hardy. 
John Macloyt. 
Henry Hardy. 
William Marden. 



Free Parker. 
Jabez Gage. 
Aquila Kimball. 
Edmond Herrick. 
Dudley Bixby. 
Edmund Cheney. 
Nathaniel Gritfin. 
Uriah Gage. 
Daniel Cheney. 
Dudley Hardy. 
Amos Bayley. 
Robert Savery. 
Ebenezer Hardy. 
Jonas Hardy. 
David Hale. 
Amos Head. 
Jonathan Woodman. 
Nathaniel Hale. 
Jonathan Porter. 
Thomas Dwinell. 
Ephraim Matthews. 
Samuel Stiles. 
Tyler Porter. 
Amos Hovey. 
Thomas Chadwick. 
Rufus Burnam. 
David Cheney. 
Samuel Lovejoy. 
David Farnum. 



342 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



^' A Pay Roll due to Capt. yohn Feabody's Company iti Col. 
Ehenezer Francis's Regiment, being for travel into camp and home 
again, at one pe?iny per jnile, also for one dafs pay for every 
twenty Miles Travel home from Ca77ip afid their Gun and Blanket 
vioney. The said company being draughted from the Towns of Salis- 
bery, Newburyport, Bradford, Haverhill, Methuen, B oxford, 6^ An- 
dover." 



Capt. John Peabody, Andover. 
Lt. Moses Greenleaf, Newburyport. 
Lt. Reuben Evans, Salisbury. 
Ens. Samuel Hazeltine, Haverhill. 
Sergts. Phil" Lahaman, Boxford. 

Jno. Richardson, Methuen. 

Rich<i Bayley, Haverhill. 

James Chase, Newburyport. 
Corps. Richard Merrill, Bradford. 

Nathan Abbott, Andover. 

Josh Somerby, Newburyport. 

Josh Stevens, Salisbury. 
Drum. Jacob Quhn, Newburyport. 
Fife, Asa Wood, Bradford. 

Dorchester Heights, 1776.1 



Jonathan Noyse, Newburyport. 

[42 names. Newburyport, Brad- 
ford, Haverhill, Methuen.] 
Uzziel Bachelder, Andover. 
Obed Barker, Andover. 
Jonath Ballard, Andover. 
Saml Cogswell, Andover. 
Peter Carlton, Andover. 
Seth Emerson, Andover. 
James Frye, Andover. 
William Hopping, Andover. 
Solomon Wardwell, Andover. 
William Bodwell, Andover. 



The scarcity of gunpowder was one of the greatest sources 
of embarrassment to the military operations. At the close 
of the year, 1775, there seem to have been no mills in Mas- 
sachusetts which were available for the manufacture of pow- 
der, although there were the remains of mills which had been 
erected in early colonial times but had long been disused. It 
became therefore of prime importance to revive this manu- 
facture. Accordingly in November, 1775, the General Court 
voted to build mills, and, after some indecision as to the place 
of location, selected Stoughton, and ordered the work of re- 
pairing and putting in order an old mill there to proceed with 
expedition. Meanwhile Mr. Samuel Phillips, Jr., of Ando- 
ver, with the sagacity which characterized him, foresaw the 
advantages of this manufacture both as a private enterprise 
and a public necessity. He made a proposition to the Court 
that he would, with sufficient encouragement from the State, 



1 Time, two or three days, miles thirty-seven to sixty. Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. 
xxi., p. 195. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 343 

erect a mill at Andover, at his own expense. His proposal 
was accepted. It was agreed to furnish him with saltpetre 
and sulphur at cost for a year, and to pay him at the rate of 
eight pence per pound for all the gunpowder which he should 
manufacture, he agreeing to " keep a good and sufficient Guard 
about the mill at all time to prevent any wicked and design- 
ing persons from destroying the same," and also to cause to 
be published all the discoveries which he shall make relative 
to the construction of said mill and the manufacturing Pow- 
der as aforesaid." 

Mr. Phillips lost no time in beginning operations. On the 
2d of January, he despatched a letter ^ to a builder, one Mr. 
Samuel Cunnable, who has been recommended as " a person 
of Great Integrity and proper to be employed in the under- 
taking." Also he obtained an order from the General Court 
permitting him to employ the master-workman of the powder- 
mill erecting for the colony, at Stoughton, — one Mr. Harl- 
ing. 

Mr. Phillips then called a meeting of the citizens of An- 
dover, placed before them his projects, explained the neces- 
sity of despatch, and engaged large numbers of them to join 
in the work of digging the mill-race, agreeing to pay them 
if the manufacture should pay him. It is said that to stimu- 
late their ambition and hasten the work he himself worked 
with the company. 

By this prompt and energetic action, the mill ^ at Andover 
was completed and in operation in March, nearly three months 
before the one at Stoughton was ready for work. 

Witness the following item from the "Massachusetts Spy," 
May 31, 1776: — 

" Watertown, May 20. 

" The Pu'jlic may rely on it as a fact that there has been made 
at the Powder-mill, at Andover, within these six weeks past about 
one thousand pounds weight of good Gunpowder per week. 

" The powder mill at Stoughton will begin to go in a few 
days." 

1 Some of these letters are found among the private papers of Mr. Phillips, 
and some in the Mass, Archives. 

2 On the Shawshin, north of the Marland Mills, or Andover Mills. 



344 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

This newspaper statement is confirmed by the testimony of 
Professor Winthrop. 

" May 23, 1776. 

" Last week I was at the Powder Mill at Andover. They go 
briskly on and turn out, as they told me, twelve hundred pounds 
per week, and shall soon turn out considerably more." 

Great care was taken and every precaution used to prevent 
the entrance of visitors to the mill who would be careless or 
do damage on the premises. 

The General Court ordered that there should " be placed 
round the mill and every building belonging thereto that 
shall contain any gunpowder, a Pole or Line at the Distance 
of one Rod at least ; And if any person shall enter within 
such bounds as have been herein mentioned at any time be- 
tween sun setting and sunrising and refuse or neglect to de- 
part therefrom, after having been three times called upon au- 
dibly by any Person that may be on guard, by consent of the 
said Phillips, in such case it shall be lawful for the said Guard 
to fire on any person so neglecting or refusing." 

The difficulties of procuring materials were great. The 
supply of saltpetre being very insufficient, it became neces- 
sary to pull up the floors of sheds and buildings, to obtain 
earth from which to extract saltpetre, before facilities were 
afforded for its better manufacture. In this department of 
the work, Mr. Eliphalet Pearson, the afterward preceptor of 
Phillips Academy, by his inventive genius and practical 
knowledge of chemistry, rendered valuable aid. 

The utmost capacity of the mill was not equal to the de- 
mand for powder, although it was run day and night, and on 
Sunday as well as week-days. 

Just as things were going on well, the foreman of the mill, 
Joshua Chandler, was drafted or enlisted to make up a com- 
pany for the reenforcement of the troops at Dorchester ; also 
the next most important man of the mill, Josiah Johnson, was 
summoned to military duty. Mr. Phillips at once petitioned 
the General Court to exempt these men from military service 
and to treat the men in his employ " as though they were in 
publick service as really as those in the continental army." 

Among other considerations he adduces the following rea- 
sons for requesting this favor of the Court : — 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 345 

"When your Petitioner considers the distress this state has suf- 
fered for want of this article of Gunpowder, the danger it is still 
exposed to through the still remaining deficiency, That the anxiety 
of the Assembly on this account was such that they lately requested 
that this mill should be kept employed by night as well as day: 
and not on the week time only, but also on the Sabbath, and at the 
same time reflects how much the manufacturing will be retarded by 
changing hands, and also the difficulty of making Powder of so 
good a Quality, and the Impossibility of improving the stock to so 
much Advantage for the State, he thinks it his Duty in regard to 
the Publick interest as well as his own to make application to the 
Honble Board, as having the first command, that the aforesaid 
Foreman, Joshua Chandler by name, may be discharged from his 
enlistment, and that the men necessarily employed in that manu- 
factory be excused from all military service during their continu- 
ance therein," etc. 

The petition was granted, and it was ordered to discharge 
Joshua Chandler. Everything in the town which could help 
on the work was put into requisition for the mill. Even the 
meeting-house furniture was not spared.^ "Without I can 
have one of those stoves ^ in the meeting-house," writes Mr. 
Phillips to his friend Richard Devens, Esq., Commissary-gen- 
eral, March, 1776, "my Powder works must be retarded. I 
can place another in its stead that may serve that purpose 
as well, tho it wont answer for my use on account of being 
cracked. I would wish for your advice whether it is not best 
to take one without waiting for the leave of the House as I 
have an opportunity tomorrow to convey it, and waiting to 
ask the House will probably retard the whole business at least 

one day and perhaps more " Again, March 29th, Mr. 

Phillips asks for more saltpetre, and says : " All the saltpetre 
is worked up. My pestles must stand still till I receive more." 
Mr. Zebadiah Abbot, a trader of Andover, was chosen by the 
committee of the House to receive and examine saltpetre. 

This experiment of the manufacture of gunpowder, upon 
whose success hung the greatest issues, was watched with 
solicitude by patriots all over the country. 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. cxciv., p. 309. 

2 A letter of Mr. Phillips to Mr. Timothy Pickering also says that the select- 
men of Marblehead have given him the use of their stove. 



34^ HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Mr. Phillips received letters from various men of position 
and influence, congratulating him on his having undertaken 
the work, and expressing hopes for his prosperity in it. 

One of these letters, from Mr. B. W. Paine, dated Philadel- 
phia, September 25, 1776, speaks of the failures to make sat- 
isfactory gunpowder, and says there had been " some misera- 
ble trash turned out for gunpowder," and adds that it would 
be " a most cruel vexation in the day of decision for Liberty 
or Slavery to have the scale turn against us merely through 
the defect of our own powder." 

But, notwithstanding the energy displayed and the pains 
taken, the gunpowder was not wholly satisfactory. Witness 
the following letter ^ from General Washington to General 
Heath, who had complained of the gunpowder made in Mas- 
sachusetts : — 

^^ April %th, 1777. There must certainly be either roguery or 
gross ignorance in your powder-makers, because the powder made 
in the other states is esteemed better than that imported from 

Europe It is a matter of so much importance that it should 

be strictly inquired into." 

In July following, the House of Representatives ordered 
" that as some of the gunpowder made at Andover and 
Stoughton had been found defective, arising from want of 
experience in this new manufacture, all such defective pow- 
der should be received back into the mills and good powder 
furnished the Government instead. An inspector. Colonel 
Burbeck, was also ordered to visit Andover, in June, "for a 
trial of the powder and to make experiments of divers mix- 
tures 2 and ingredients of gunpowder and various methods of 
drying." 

Besides the discouragement from the difficulty of making 
good gunpowder, there was another still more serious and 
distressing, — an explosion, June, 1778, at the mill, the blow- 
ing up of the building and killing three men. This caused 
great excitement and consternation in the town. The Gen- 
eral Court, June lOth, ordered a committee of investigation, 

1 Mass. Hist. Coll., Fifth Series, vol. iv. 

2 General Court Records, vol. xxxvii., p. 136. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 347 

and to consider the expediency of continuing the business. 
This committee reported, June 12th, that the "late misfor- 
tune in blowing up the two buildings at said Andover was 
not owing to any Imprudence in Mr. Phillips but to mear 
accident, also that in their opinion the public service requires 
that Mr. Phillips should still proceed in the manufacturing 
of Gunpowder." 

But there was considerable local feeling about the danger 
of the mill, and for some months operations were suspended. 
In October, the General Court passed a resolve for the en- 
couragement and aid of Mr. Phillips in repairing the mill, 
ordering that if the powder-mill should again suffer damage 
by accident, that half the expense of repairing should be 
refunded by the State. 

Measures were also taken for procuring the service of ex- 
perts in the manufacture. Two French gentlemen, ^ Mons. 
Nicholas Fouquett, and his son, Mons. Mark Fouquett, who 
were " to propagate the art of making powder in these 
States," were ordered to come to Andover to give the neces- 
sary instructions. 

An interesting letter from Mr. Phillips to Colonel Picker- 
ing, gives an account of their visit, and expresses his good 
opinion regarding their ability for the work. " I found he 
very well answered the character you gave of him. His 
method of forming the Morter is very ingenious and of great 
utility and his acquaintance with the manufacture of Gun- 
powder such as well quahfied him for his undertaking." ^ 

Yet although Mr. PhiUips expresses his approval of Mons. 
Fouquett, and his sense of the value of his advice, he seems 
to think that in some respects the Andover powder-makers 
were as competent as their instructor : — 

" I think it must be acknowledged he has done much good, yet 
he promised rather more from his construction of a Mill than it 
would perform. Instead of its answering best to put all the ma- 
terials whole into the mortar, I find my Pestles will not in that way 
make the Sulphur or salt petre fine enough, and that it is necessary 
to reduce both to a powder before the ingredients are mixed." 

1 Private papers of Mr. Phillips. 

2 Pickering Papers — Mass. Historical Society. 



348 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

In this letter Mr. Phillips also mentions the fact that many 
British prisoners of war had been employed in the powder- 
mill, and that the government was now contemplating tak- 
ing them away with a view to exchange. He says this will 
seriously embarrass his work, and further, that he thinks 
these men would prefer to stay in Andover, where " some 
have married, had children, taken the oath of allegiance, paid 
taxes, and become useful members of society." He says one 
man in particular is so trustworthy that the whole charge of 
the powder-mill has been committed to him. 

After the close of the Revolution, and the establishment 
of the Government on an apparently sure foundation, Mr- 
Phillips began to think of giving up the manufacture of gun- 
powder, and turning his attention to the manufacture of pa- 
per, which was in great demand. But he made the change 
gradually, and continued the gunpowder making longer than 
heat first contemplated, — down to about 1797. It seems, 
from letters written to Mr. Phillips, in June, 1789, that the 
work of transforming the powder-mill into a paper-mill had 
even then begun. The paper-makers and the powder-makers 
came into collision, there having been some misunderstand- 
ing, and the foreman of the powder-mill began preparations 
to fill an order for gunpowder, and ordered the engines for 
the paper-making to be removed. So serious was the diffi- 
culty that the superintendent of the paper works threatened 
to leave. Mr. Phillips settled the difficulty, for both manu- 
factures were continued, additional buildings being put up. 
An explosion took place again, in 1796, October 19th, by 
which two men were killed. For a time the manufacture 
was suspended, if it was not at once relinquished. It is 
stated ^ that no more powder was made after the explosion. 
A letter written by Mr. Phillips shows that there was some 
intention (if it was not actually carried out) of continuing, at 
least long enough to use up the stock on hand, after the ex- 
citement had subsided. He says that Mr. Hardy and Mr. 
Holt are both willing to go on, and he thinks it might be 
well, instead of selling the stock of saltpetre, to retain as 
much of it as they have not promised, since the continuance 
of " the war " (in France) would create a demand for powder. 

^ Abbot's History of Atidover. 



AND OVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 349 

The termination of the powder-making may be said to 
have been practically made at the time of the explosion in 
October. 

The following epitaph on a gravestone, in the South Parish 
Burying Ground, is the latest relic remaining, which is evi- 
dently connected with the powder manufactory : — 




In memory of 

Mr. David Hall who 

was killed at the explosion 

of the powder house in 

Andover Oct, 17th 1796 

Aged 32 years & 8 months. 

We mourn thy sudden swift remove, 
From earth and all enjoyments here ; 
When Christ commands, we must obey 
Without a murmur or a tear. 

To return to the military events and condition of things 
in the first winter of the war. The winter of 1775 was a 
time of the deepest anxiety at Andover, as well as through- 
out the country. Aside from other sources of distress, the 
mere absence from home of so many able-bodied men was 
severely felt, perhaps even more so during the winter than it 
had been in the summer and autumn. They had been much 
missed in the planting and the harvest, but when the block- 
ing snows set in, women and children on remote farms were 
in many instances cut off from the comforts and even the 
necessaries of life, and shut in from the sympathy of friends 
and the tidings of the progress of events. 

There are only a few items of information found additional 
to those already noted in the journals quoted, respecting the 
soldiers in camp at Cambridge and Dorchester. In Novem- 



350 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ber, the soldiers who had been in service eight months each 
received a coat, according to a vote of the Congress : — 

" We the subscribers, officers and soldiers in captain Benjamin 
Ames's company, in Col. James Frye's regiment, pray you Gentle- 
men to Deliver to Lieut. David Chandler or Lieut. Isaac Abbott the 
coats we are entitled to by vote of a late congress, and their Re- 
ceipt shall be your discharge for the same. 
." Cambridge, A'iw. 14, 1775." 

" To THE Committee of Clothing at Watertowti. Received 45 
coats for the within mentioned men. David Chandler." 

Captain Farnum's company did not care for the coats, be- 
ing already comfortably provided, and petitioned for money 
in lieu of the coats. 

In January, 1776, the tov\/n and the army sustained a great 
loss in the death of Col. James Frye. Concerning his death 
and funeral rites, nothing more has been learned than the 
record on his gravestone in the North Andover Burying- 
ground : — 

In Memory of 

Colonel James Frye 

who departed this life 

Jany the 8"" 1776 

^tatis 66 

while 

in the continental service 

supporting the Independence 

of the United States 

of America. 

Homofuit. 

Although anticipating, it may here be mentioned, that not 
far from the grave of Colonel Frye sleeps his brother offi- 
cer, Col. Samuel Johnson, who passed through the whole six 
years of the Revolutionary service unscathed, though he was 
in several hot engagements, and did valuable service. He 
died November 12, 1796, aged eighty-four. 

Also, near by these officers' graves is the grave of the good 
captain who did duty under both Colonels, but who so long 
survived their day and generation, and served so faithfully 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 351 

(as is elsewhere related) in peaceful labors that his military- 
title was finally exchanged for that of his ecclesiastical office. 
The epitaph merely states that Dea. Benjamin Farnum died 
December 4, 1833, aged 87. 

The evacuation of Boston by the British, although it was 
cause for general rejoicing, was, in the end, the occasion of 
sorrow to many individuals, for it transferred the soldiers 
from service within easy access of home to distant fields, to 
and from which letters and messengers were necessarily in- 
frequent and irregular. While it was possible in a few hours' 
ride to visit friends in camp, and while influential citizens of 
Andover were in the near neighborhood of the army, there 
seemed less cause of anxiety for the welfare of the soldiers. 

But their beloved Colonel, the sharer of the soldier's for- 
tune and the animator of the soldier's courage at Louisburg 
and Bunker Hill, was asleep in the old Andover Burying- 
ground ; the Andover men who had served under his com- 
mand, with the exception of a few put into Col. Samuel John- 
son's regiment, were under the orders of a stranger, and in 
place of being within calling distance of their representative, 
and within sight of the metropolis, and favored with Sunday 
sermons from the professors of Harvard College, our towns- 
men soon were marching painfully through northern forests, 
afloat on unknown rivers and lakes, garrisoning lonely forts 
which recalled legends of Indian barbarities, French duplic- 
ity, and British negligence. Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and 
all the names of that region known to the veterans of the 
French war, now became familiar to their children, some of 
whom were accompanied in the campaign by their fathers of 
the old-time " service under the king." 

The following is a roll of Colonel Johnson's regiment,^ 
March, 1776 : — 

" Agreeable to the Direction of the Honorable Counsel, We have 
divided and set off the Coinpa7iies in the Fourth Regiment of Militia 
in the County of Essex who have made choice of the several Persons 
hereafter named for their officers, and the Rank of the said companies 
are as followeth : — 

1 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xxxii., p. 269. 



352 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



B 
o 
U 

O JJ 

Pi 


Towns 


Captains. 


First Lieutenant. 


Second Lieutenant. 


I 


Andover. 


John Peabody. 


Samuel Johnson. 


Cyrus Marble. 


2 


Haverhill. 


Nathl. Marsh. 


Israel Bartlett. 


Ebenezer Gage. 


3 


Bradford. 


Nathl. Gage. 


Daniel Kimball. 


Joseph Mulliken. 


4 


Boxford. 


Jacob Gould. 


John Dorman. 


Jedediah Stickney. 


5 


Methuen. 


John Bodwell. 


John Huse. 


Saml. Cross. 


6 


Andover. 


John Abbot, Jr. 


Moses Abbot. 


Saml. Jenkins. 


7 


Haverhill. 


Saml. Merrill. 


Stephen Webster. 


Saml. Crowel. 


8 


Bradford. 


John Savory. 


Thomas Stickney. 


Moses Herriman. 


9 


Andover. 


Nathl. Lovejoy. 


John Adams. 


John Frye. 


lO 


Haverhill. 


Timothy Johnson. 


Ephraim Eliot. 


John Page. 


II 


Andover. 


Joshua Holt. 


William Dean. 


Jonathan Abbot. 


12 


Methuen. 


James Jones. 


Nathaniel Messer. 


Stephen Webster. 


13 


Boxford. 


John Gushing. 


Samuel Runnels. 


Asa Merril. 


14 


Haverhill. 


Joseph Eaton. 


Isaac Snow. 


Samuel Hazeltine. 


15 


Methuen. 


David Whitier. 


James Mallon. 


John Parker, Jr. 



Samuel Johnson, ' 
John Whittier, 
Samuel Bodwell. 



Field officers. 



"Andover, Mar. 26, 1776." 



There are only scanty records of any service of Andover 
men about New York, or in the middle department. Capt. 
Nathaniel Lovejoy's manuscript (quoted in Abbot's " His- 
tory ") mentions that ten men of his company were " in ser- 
vice at New York, 1776." A return, among the rolls, also in- 
dicates such service " on the North Rivour, under General 
Warner," but no names are specified, merely the number, 
" nineteen men from Andover." ^ 

Fuller accounts are found of the Andover men ordered to 
the northwest. June 20, 1776, Capt. Samuel Johnson ^ was 
put in command of seventy-five men (sixty-four of whom 
were from Andover) for the " reinforcement of the Continen- 
tal army." 

2 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xxxii., p . 285. 

3 Ibid., vol. xliii., p. 10 1. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 353 

The company of Capt. Samuel Johnson, in Colonel Wig- 
glesworth's regiment, was sent to the northward, as part of a 
force to defend Ticonderoga against Sir Guy Carleton's ex- 
pected attack ; but that officer's power being broken by Ar- 
nold's vigorous action on Lake Champlain, and the fort no 
longer menaced, the troops were ordered back to Albany to 
spend the winter. Some of those whose time had expired 
returned to Boston to be discharged. The following is the 
roll of Captain Johnson's company ^ : — 



"^ Role of the Travel of Capt. Saml. jfohnson^ s ^ Company in Col. 
Wigelswortli's Regiment from Albany to their Respective Homes — 
i776r 



Capt. Samuel Johnson. 
Lt. Isaac Chandler. 
Lt. John Parker. 
*Ens. James Lunt. 
Sergt. Solomon Ingals. 
Sergt. William Peabody. 
Sergt. David Stevens. 
Sergt. Ebenezer Davis. 
Corp. Isaac Carlton. 
Corp. Jacob Marshal. 
Corp. John Morrel. 
Corp. Nathl. Ingals. 
Drum. Isaiah Ingals. 
Filer William Peabody. 
David Beverly. 
Philip Bagley. 
John Baldwin. 
*Enoch Brown. 
*John Barker. 
William Collens. 
Joshua Chad wick. 
Peter Cummens. 
William Cabley. 
William Chamberlain. 
Jonathan Carlton. 
Timothy Chandler. 



Samuel Currier. 
William Dillaway. 
Charles Danolson [dead]. 
Eliphalet Emery. 
John Ellet. 
Simeon Farnum. 
Abijah Fuller. 
Thomas Fisher. 
Nathaniel Grenough. 
Samuel Hazelton. 
Lemewel Holt. 
Daniel Holt. 
Thomas Abbot. 
Zebediah Holt. 
Zaley [Zelah] Holt. 
Paul Hardey. 
*David Hinkley. 
Phineas Ingals. 
John Johnson. 
Abijah Ingals [dead]. 
Thomas Kimbal. 
*Cornelius Shiff. 
Ezra Annes. 
William Lovejoy. 
Saml. Lovejoy. 
Stephen Messer. 



Peter Marston. 
Jeremiah Morel. 
James Maglathlon. 
*Ruben Nola. 
Andrew Otis. 
David Porter [dead]. 
Joseph Parker. 
*Umphrey Purington. 
*Thomas Pool. 
John Rollins. 
Joshua Shaw [deserted]. 
Jacob Stiles. 
Thomas Stevens. 
Ephraim Swan [dead]. 
Joshua Swan. 
Joseph Shattuck. 
Joseph Sandborn. 
Edward Thomas. 
Abiel Upton. 
*Samuel Neasey. 
John Whitehorn. 
Samuel Woodbridge. 
Robert Williams. 
Isaac Smith. 
William Goodwin. 



Captain Johnson made a memorandum in his note book of 

1 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xx., p. 105. 

2 The distance of travel is given 210 miles, from Andover. The names 
marked * were of men from " Caskobay." They travelled 300 miles. 



354 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the places at which he stopped on this march. Most of the 
writing is now faded and illegible. A fragment is as fol- 
lows : — 

" TiCONDEROGA, Nove7)iher 23d, 1776. 

" This day at three of the aklock we struck our tent, and at Sun- 
set we Barked on Bord the Bote and arived at Skeem-borer, 34 
milds, at twelve aklock at night. — 24 Day. it was Raney So that 
we did not march. — 25. Marched from Skeem to forte an, fortene 
mils. — 26. from forte an to fort Edward, fortene mils. — 27. from 
fort Edward to Saratoga, forteen mils. — 28. from Saratoga to half 
moon, 28 miles. — 29. from half-moon to Albany, 12 miles. — 30. 
Staid in Albaney on night ; it was Raney. — Sunday morning, we 

marched from Albany. — December 2. Loged at Canter hook 

mils, on the 3. Loged in Nobletown, the Last tavern in York Gov- 
ernment Thro Glasko and through Westiield over into 

Springfield ; there loged ; from Springfield to Brookfield." 

While military operations were going forward diligently, 
the great and decisive step was taken that made retrogression 
impossible. Massachusetts had practically anticipated the 
Declaration of Independence when she organized a House of 
Representatives and Council, and gave orders to ignore all 
public documents and orders of the royal governors. When 
the formal Declaration of Independence was under discussion 
by the State, in Andover, in town-meeting, June 12, 1776, 
"the question being put whether, should the Honourable 
Congress declare them independent of the kingdom of Great 
Britain, you will solemnly engage with your lives and fortunes 
to support them in the measure," it passed in the affirmative 
unanimously.^ 

The Declaration of Independence made necessary the 
adoption of a form of government for the provinces, some of 
which, up to this time, were nominally under the rule of the 
officers of the crown. But Massachusetts was in no pressing 
need of a change, having already settled satisfactorily, for the 
time being, the administration of affairs ; the House of Rep- 
resentatives as the legislative, and the Council as the execu- 

1 The Declaration of Independence is copied in full into the Town Records of 
Proceedings. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 355 

tive power, managing with efficiency. Accordingly, many 
prudent men deprecated calling up new questions to compli- 
cate and perhaps retard military operations. 

Yet, when the subject came up, Andover voted, October 
3, 1776, that "it is the consent of the town to intrust the 
matter of framing a constitution to the House of Representa- 
tives, together with the Council." 

There had, however, arisen in some quarters a strong feel- 
ing against committing to the legislative body the framing of 
a constitution. Boston took decided ground against it, and 
advocated a Convention of Delegates for the purpose. 

Most of the towns in the State, however, instructed their 
representatives, with a special view or an implied consent, to 
the framing of a constitution by the House. 

At this juncture, Andover joined her voice to the opposi- 
tion, not, however, advocating so much the Convention of 
Delegates, in distinction from the House of Representatives, 
as opposing all action at this time on the matter of a form of 
government. The town elected as its representative Col. 
Samuel Johnson, and instructed him to oppose any action in 
regard to a constitution, to advocate the vigorous prosecution 
of the war, and the postponement of questions of government 
to a future decision. The reasons alleged are, that " some 
of the ablest men, who have a peculiar right to a voice, are 
absent in the field or at Congress," and further, that it is no 
time when " foes are in the midst of us and an army at our 
Doors to consider how the country shall be governed, but 
rather to provide for its Defence." 

This letter of " instructions " is among Colonel Johnson's 
private papers, and it is not improbable that it expressed 
fully his views, if it was not his own composition. It is an 
interesting paper, but too long for full quotation here. It 
closes by saying : " We, therefore, conclude that to set about 
the forming a New Constitution of Government at this time 
is unnecessary, impolitic, and dangerous ; and it is accordingly 
our direction that you oppose it with those soHd arguments 
of which the subject is so fruitful, and that you do it vigor- 
ously and perseveringly." 

But, notwithstanding the opposition, the House of Repre- 



356 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

sqntatives chose a committee to draft a constitution. This 
draft was submitted to the towns, and they voted ^ against 
accepting it. Therefore, in September, 1779, a Convention 
of Delegates met at Cambridge. The delegates from Ando- 
ver were the following : 2 Samuel Osgood, Esq., Samuel Phil- 
lips, Jun., Esq., Mr. Zebadiah Abbot, Mr. John Farnum, Jr. 
" To this Convention," says Mr. Winthrop, " there were as 
great a number of men of learning, talents, and patriotism as 
had ever been assembled here at any earlier period." Mr. 
Phillips was one of the committee chosen by the Convention 
to draft the constitution. The form drafted was again sub- 
mitted to the towns. In a town-meeting at Andover (May 
I, 1780), of which the Hon. Samuel Phillips, Sen. (then sixty 
years old) was chosen moderator, a committee was chosen 
" to join with the members of the Convention for said town, 
to make such remarks and amendments in the Form of the 
Constitution as they shall think proper, and lay the same be- 
fore the town at the adjournment of this meeting for their 
Consideration." 

This committee consisted of the following : Rev. William 
Symmes, Mr. Jonathan French, the Hon. Samuel Phillips, 
Dea. Joshua Holt, Capt. John Farnum, Mr. Nehemiah Ab- 
bot, Mr. Moody Bridges, Mr. Asa Abbot, Capt. Peter Os- 
go^dr-Mr. Philemon Chandler, Lieut. Oliver Peabody. 

At the adjourned meeting, the town voted to approve the 
constitution, with the exception of certain articles which 
were taken up separately for discussion. Among these was 
the third article of the Bill of Rights, in regard to taxation 
for the support of public worship. 

The town of Andover was in favor of taxing all citizens for 
the support of some form of worship, but allowing each to 
choose to what church his tax should be applied ; and in case 
of his declining to make any choice, the tax should be ap- 
plied to " the support of the Teacher or Teachers of the Par- 
ish or Precinct " in which the moneys are raised. 

The city of Boston was in favor of larger toleration, and 

1 The vote of Andover upon "the late Form of Government" was 33 for, 32 

against. 

2 Colonel Johnson was now engaged in military duty. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 357 

of taxing no man for the support of a form of worship which 
he did not choose to attend, but to appropriate the tax col- 
lected from non-attendants of the prevailing worship to the 
support of the poor, or to objects of public utility. 

Andover was strongly in favor of religious tests in regard 
to candidates for public office. It was voted, i8o affirmative, 
I negative, that "the Governor, Lieutenant-governor, Coun- 
sellors, Senators, and Representatives ought to be of the 
Protestant Religion, and that this restriction should be made." 

To return now to the military affairs of 1776: The siege 
of Boston was vigorously pressed, and some Andover men 
were engaged in the various operations, offensive and defen- 
' sive. 

Capt. Nathaniel Lovejoy's^ MS. notes service of his men^ 
at Prospect Hill and at Dorchester, from February, 1776. 
The occupation of Dorchester Heights, on the 4th of March, 
the suspense of the week when the British were expected to 
storm the fortification, and another Bunker Hill fight was 
feared, the rejoicings when the enemy evacuated Boston and 
our army entered the city, were all, no doubt, fully described 
by tongue and pen of Andover men, eye-witnesses and par- 
ticipants of the events. But no record or tradition has come 
down to the present generation. 

In 1777, the evils arising from the short terms of enlist- 
ment became so great that it was urgently pressed that men 
should enlist for three years or the war. This was difficult 
to secure ; for the men, though willing to fight, if occasion 
required, were averse to pledging themselves for so long a 
time. In addition to the regular pay of the troops, the towns 
offered bounties. The town of Andover was remarkably 
liberal in these bounties, and also in providing for soldiers 
and their families. It has already been seen that when coats 
were given to the soldiers who had been eight months in the 
service, in 1776, one of the Andover companies (Captain 
Farnum's) did not wish to receive them, being well supplied. 
The difficulty of enlisting men led to levies. It is noticeable 

1 Captain Lovejoy of the militia does not appear to have been in active serv- 
ice. 

- See Abbot's History. 



158 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



that, while many towns were deficient, Andover's quota was 
always complete, and sometimes in excess. 

Following are lists of men in the Continental service, 1777- 
1781 : — 

" An exact account of all the men enlisted to serve in the continental 
army for the term of nine 7ttonths, agreeable to a resolve of the Gen- 
eral Court of the 26th of April, who belong to the Fourth Regiment 
of Militia in the County of Essex, of which Samuel jFohtisofi, of An- 
dover, is Colonel. Andover, June 2d, 1778." ^ 



Names. 


Age. 


Complex- 
ion. 


Height. 


Compy. 
Capt. 


Regt. 


Town. 


Frederick Ballard . . 


16 


Dark. 


5-0 


Lovejoy. 


Johnson. 


Andover. 


Daniel Young .... 


30 


do. 


5.10 


do. 


do. 


do. 


William Wilson . , . 


40 


do. 


5-6 


do. 


do. 


do. 


John McCoy .... 


17 


Olive. 


5-5 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Aaron Readington . . 


16 


Sandy. 


5-5 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Samuel Stickney . . . 


43 


Light. 


5.8 


Holt. 


do. 


do. 


Timothy Chandler . . 


40 


do. 


5.10 


do. 


do. 


do. 


John Macoy .... 


20 


do. 


5-8 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Aaron Parker .... 


19 


Dark. 


5-6 


do. 


do. 


do. 


John Montgomery . . 


40 


do. 


5-8 


Johnson. 


do. 


do. 


Alexander Montgouiery 


17 


do. 


5-3 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Aaron Wood .... 


16 


Light. 


5-3 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Nathaniel Frye 




18 


Dark. 


5-3 


do. 


do. 


do. 


James Parker . 




18 


Dark. 


5-3 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Simeon Dresser 




19 


Light. 


5-9 


Holt. 


do. 


do. 


Ephraim Abbot 




19 


do. 


5-7 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Elijah Knight . 




19 


Dark. 


5.8 


:do. 


do. 


do. 


Robert Gray, jun 




17 


Dark. 


5-9 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Carlton Parker 




24 


do. 


5.10 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Dudley Pettengel . . 


25 




5.11 


Bodwell. 


do. 


Methuen. 



The othernames, thirty-eight, are of Methuen, Bradford, Haverhill. 

" A Return of those Men Inlisted into the Contifiental Service for 
the Term of three years or during the War, and Returned for the 
Second Foot company in the Town of Andover?' 



Benj. Wild. 
Silus Blunt. 



Jacob Russel. 
Isaac Russel. 



1 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xxviii., p. 165^. 



Isaac Lovejoy. 
James Turner. 

2 Ibid., vol. xli., p. 64. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 359 



James Turner, jr. 
Thomas Daj'. 
Palfrey Downing. 
Benj. Webb. 
Daniel Holt, jr. 
Edward Herrick. 



Mark Winter. 
George Blunt. 
Cesar Cogswell. 
Cato Foster. 
John Crosby, Boston. 
John Quin, Boston. 



"Andover, Feb. i6, 1778." 



Benj. Eaton. 
John Knights. 
Jonathan Hutchinson. 
Caleb Abbot. 
James Parker. 

John Abbot, Jr., Capt. 



Continental Service., ^779^ 



Names. 


Age. 


Height. 


Complexion. 


Company 
Captain. 


Captain to 
whom de- 
livered. 


Asa Parker 


19 


5-6 


Light. 


Johnson. 


Marshall. 


Eben Clark . . 






26 


5-6 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Asa Town . . 






16 


5-2 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Nathl. Frye . . 






20 


54 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Jacob Dascombe . 






19 


6.1 


do. 


Lovejoy. 


do. 


Michael Carlton 






18 


5-8 


Brown. 


do. 


do. 


Daniel Gray 






18 


57 


Light. 


do. 


do. 


David Stevens . 






18 


5.10 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Wm. Harris 






21 


5" 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Wm. Richardson 






20 


5-3 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Daniel Blanchard 






19 


5-9 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Isaac Blanchard 






16 


54 


do. 


do. 


do. 


Saml. Holt . . 






17 


5-8 


Dark. 


Abbot. 


do. 


Abiel Holt . . 






33 


57 


Light. 


do. 


do. 


John Fry . . . 






24 


5-8 


do. 


do. 


do. 



A Return '^ of Men raised for three 



Jacob Annes. 
John Stevens. 
Jesse Hagget. 
Joseph Armstrong. 
Peter Cummings. 
Amos Blanchard. 
Joseph Blanchard. 
Matthew Lillies. 
Dudley Woodbridge. 
Thomas Abbot. 
Thomas Andrews. 
David Beverly. 
Frederick Frye. 
Isaac Lovejoy. 



Allen Richards. 
William Wilson. 
Scipio Weare. 
Jona Holt. 
Abraham Moore. 
Darius Holt. 
Jacob Jones. 
John Holt. 
March Farrington. 
Cesar Russell. 
Isaac Russell. 
Peter Martin. 
Thos. Smith. 
Zebediah Holt. 



1 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xxix., p. 43. 



years from Dec. 2, lySo. 

David Osgood. 
Jacob Dascome. 
Abiel Wilson. 
Jona Ballard. 
Joseph Pettengel. 
Nathan Osgood. 
Christopher Osgood. 
Joseph Frost. 
William Baxter. 
James Hicks. 
Peter Willis. 
James McFarland. 
Daniel Blanchard. 
William Holt. 

2 Ibid, vol. xxviii., p. iSi. 



36o 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 



"A Return'^ of Men belonging to Town of Andover, jfany, lySi, in 
the CoJitinental Army., for j years or during war J' 



Dudley Messer. 
John Mabury. 
John White, Sergt. 
James Turner. 
Cato Foster, Drum. 
Joseph Wardwell, Sergt. 
Joseph Foster. 



Palfrey Downing, Corpl. Asa Towns. 



Elias Heath. 

Daniel Lindsay. 

Benj. Abbot, Drummer. 

Mark Winter. 

John Cross. 

Ebenezer Johnson. 



Nathaniel Frye. 

Benj. Webb. 

Benj. Berry. 

Cesar Cogswell. 

Asa Osgood, Sergt. Major. 

Joseph Frost. 



A List ^ of Three Years'' Men, from ly/Y to lySo. Enlisted in Essex 
and Middlesex Coutities, belongifig to Andover. 



Abbot, Benjamin. 
Abbot, Caleb. 
Ames, Prince. 
Anice, Jacob. 
Arbunile, Samuel. 
Abor, Thomas. 
Allin, Davis. 
Blunt, Silas. 
Blunt, George. 
Beverly, David. 
Barker, Joshua. 
Barker, Obed. 
Berry, Benjamin. 
Ballard, Jonathan, 
Baldwin, John. 
Boynton, Jonathan. 
Carlton, Timothy. 
Cummings, Peter. 
Day, Thomas. 
Douglas, John. 
Dilavvay, Benjamin. 
Eaton, Benjamin. 
Farnum, Israel. 
Frye, Joshua. 
Frye, Sampson. 
Farington, Thomas. 
Frye, Benjamin. 
Farnum, David. 
Frye, Benjamin. 



Farnum, David. 
Frye, Nathl. 
Feald, John. 
Fisk, Benjamin. 
Frye, Prince. 
Frye, Cato. 
Gordon, William. 
Holt, Daniel, Jr. 
Herrick, Edward. 
Hutchinson, Jonathan. 
Holt, Samuel. 
Holt, Daniel. 
Hagget, Thomas 3<i. 
Holt, Israel. 
Herrick, Edmund. 
Ingals, Daniel. 
Ingals, Moses. 
Johnson, James. 
Knight, John. 
Kittredge, Peter. 
Lovejoy, Isaac, jr. 
Long, Joshua. 
Lerabee, Ezekiel. 
Lindsay, Daniel. 
Lovejoy, Obadiah. 
Lovejoy, John. 
Mark, a negro. 
Mallon, John. 
Martin, Peter. 



McFarland, James. 
McFarland, James, jr. 
Noyes, Timothy. 
Parker, James. 
Parker, Benjamin. 
Parker, William. 
Poor, Salem. 
Phelps, Thomas. 
Pevey, Peter. 
Russel, Jacob. 
Russel, Isaac. 
Stevens, Thomas. 
Stevens, Bimsley. 
Stone, George. 
Salter, Bosenger. 
Savory, Isaac. 
.Shattuck, Joseph, jr. 
Stevens, John, Jr. 
Stiles, Hezekiah. 
Turner, James. 
Turner, James, Jr. 
Tite, a negro. 
Tobey, a negro. 
Weld, Benjamin. 
Webb, Benjamin. 
Winter, Mark. 
White, John. 
Welch, John. 



1 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xxix., p. loi. — Most of the men were enlisted in 1779. 

2 Ibid., vol. xxvii., pp. 109-130. — These are mostly additional to those already 
given. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 36 1 



" Six Months Men ^ in Continental Service, 1780-81^ 



Adams, Nathaniel. 
Annis, John. 
Abbot, Benjamin. 
Ballard, Jona. 
Carlton, Stephen. 
Carlton, John. 
Clough, Daniel. 
Chandler, Samuel. 
Cowan, Isaac. 
Chandler, James. 
Cady, James. 
Davis, James. 
Edes, Thos. 
Foster, Simeon. 
Foster, Danl. 
Farnum, Asa. 
Frost, Joseph, jr. 
Gibson, William. 
Grant, Nathl. 
Harris, John. 



Hazelton, Elijah. 
Holt, Abiel. 
Holt, Daniel. 
Ingals, Eben. 
Jameson, John. 
Kenney, Thomas. 
Kimball, Benjamin. 
Knovvlton, John. 
Knowlton, Nathl. 
Knovvlton, Thos. 
Long, Nathl. 
Lovejoy, Jeremiah. 
'Lovejoy, Peter. 
Lovejoy, Isaac, jr. 
Lovejoy, Joshua. 
Macoy, Barnabas. 
Osgood, David. 
Parker, William. 
Parker, John. 
Parker, James. 



Pembcrton, James. 
Poor, Daniel. 
Porter, Nathl. 
Pemberton, James. 
Parker, John. 
Poland, Asa. 
Quarles, William. 
Russel, Jacob. 
Ramsay, Thomas. 
Shattuck, Abiel. 
Shattuck, Nathl. 
Teague, Nathl. 
Thompson, James. 
Thompson, John. 
Townsend, Dennis. 
Wilson, William. 
Wilson, Thomas. 
Walters, Benjamin. 
Walters, James. 



The military operations of the Massachusetts regiments, 
of the year 1777, were directed mainly toward the reenforce- 
ment of the northwestern department of the army, under 
command of General Schuyler, and its defence against 
any invasion by way of Canada. These operations are fa- 
miliar to the reader from the general histories of the Rev- 
olution. The relation of them to Andover it is our province 
to trace. 

One of the first companies ordered to this service was that 
of Capt. Benjamin Farnum, which was a part of the regiment 
of Colonel Francis. 

The troops were sent to reenforce Fort Ticonderoga. The 
following is a list of the men in this expedition, in Captain 
Farnum's company ; — 



1 Found on Town Record of Bounty, also Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. iv., p. 37 ; 
xxvii., p. 8 ; xxv. p. 220. 



362 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



" Abstract "^ for the Reashans of a Cojnpany of Men whereof Betijamin 
Far?iu7n is Captain^ in the Battalion whereof £be?i'' Francis, Esq''., 
is Colonal, in the service of the United States of America, from there 
l7ilistment till there Arrival at Betinington, allowing them to march 
the 28th Instant.^^ 

Benjamin Farnum, Capt. 
Stephen Abbot, Lieut. 
James Turner, Jr. 
Isaac Lovejoy. 
Isaac Russel. 
Edward Herrick. 
Daniel Holt. 
Cesar Cogswell. 
George Blunt. 
Obadiah Lovejoy. 
John Lovejoy. 
Peter Marten. 
Prince Ames. 
Joseph Shattuck. 
John Fields. 



John Stevens. 

Hezekiah Stiles. 

Thomas Haget. 

John Bauldwin. 

James McFarland. 

James McFarland, Jr. 

John Welch. 

Thomas Smith. 

Thomas Phelps. 

Jona. Hagget, Tewksbury. 

Daniel Linsey. 

Wilm Parker. 

Benja Abbot. 

Jona. Ballard. 

James Wiley. 



John Cross. 
David Farnum. 
Benja. Abbot, Jr. 
David Beverly. 
Joshua Frye. 
Israel Farnum. 
Thomas Day. 
Benj. Webb. 
Palfry Downing. 
Cato Foster. 
Mark Winter. 
Thomas Stevens. 
Nehemiah Carlton, Brad- 
ford. 
Thomas Fuller, Salem. 



It begins the 



Captain Farnum's diary has been preserved 
day when the troops marched : — 

" 2W1 Mar. 1777. This day Lieut. ^ Stephen Abbot, with about 
40 men, marched from Andover in order for Bennington. The 10 
men that marched with me set out." 



They arrived April 25th at Fort Edward. Captain Farnum 
makes the following memorandum : — 

^^ April lb. Set as President on Cort Marshal. , tryed five of 
Capt. McCraken's men, three of which were sentenced to be 
wliipte (two set free, one pardoned by the commanding officer of 
the garrison), the other two Rec'd. 39 Lashes on the bare back. 

" 2%th, Myself with 7 men marched to Fort George. 

" 30///. marched to Ticonderoga & Mt. Independence." 

He stayed at this place till the 2d of May and then crossed 
Lake George and marched back to Fort Edward. The jour- 
nal continues : — 

" May ^th. 28 wagons garded from this garrison to Fort George. 

*' May 6th. A cort Marshall sot on one of the wagners, being 
guilty of stealing Pork out of Dr. Smith's Pot ; found guilty ; sents 
29 lashes on the bare back, which he has rec'd, well put on." 

1 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. ii., p. 35. ^ Commissioned captain in 1778. 



AXDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 363 

Captain Farnum, notwithstanding his apparent relish for 
the chastisement of offenders, and his occupation in the busi- 
ness of courts-martial, had a taste and found time for other 
recreations, as appears from some entries in his journal. We 
may imagine him arrayed in his best military style and quite 
another man from the one who sat on the court-martial and 
sentenced stripes for soldier's backs, when, May 12th, " I Rode 
with Mr. Halle and wife, Lieut. Donne and wife and others 
to the wider Hareses in a wagen." Still more suave, doubt- 
less, was the captain when, May 15th, "Went down the 
River to Esq. Tutels with the wider McNeal and Mis Jeney 
with 3 men to row." 

We may here anticipate events somewhat, to inquire who 
these ladies were with whom the captain was sailing down the 
Hudson in the May days of 'tj. He has another note re- 
garding them, Sunday, July 27 : — 

"Nusj that the Widder McNeal & the young woman that was 
with her at her house ware taken out of the seller & carried of by 
the enemy aboute a Mile and barbarously treated, then kiled and 
skalped." 

These were the ladies whose melancholy fate has formed 
the theme of so many tales of history and romance, and been 
so variously related.^ 

" Mis Jeney," as Captain Farnum calls her, was Miss Jane 
McRea, the daughter of a Scotch Presbyterian clergyman of 
New Jersey. Her father was dead, and she lived with her 
brother on the Hudson River a few miles below Fort Edward. 
Her brother was an ardent patriot ; but Miss McRea was en- 
gaged to be married to a young man, David Jones by name, 
who had taken sides with the Tories, enlisted in the British 
army in Canada, and become a lieutenant in General Eraser's 
division. Between her brother's patriotism and her lover's 
toryism. Miss McRea found her position a trying one. The 
fortunes of war brought Lieutenant Jones back to the neigh- 
borhood of his home and to the near vicinity of his betrothed, 
who was visiting Mrs. O'Neil (" widder McNeal,") a Tory 
sympathizer. The brother of Miss McRea, after the invasion 

1 The version of Washington Irving is here followed. 



364 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of Burgoyne, in July, prepared to remove to Albany and sent 
several imperative messages to his sister to come home from 
her visit that they might be gone before it should be too late. 
But she delayed, loth to leave the neighborhood of her lover's 
encampment and thinking herself safe because of the loyalty 
of Mrs. O'Neil to the British cause. She had, however, re- 
luctantly made ready and was to depart that day on a bateau 
bound down river, when a party of Burgoyne's Indian allies 
marauding broke into and plundered the house and took the 
inmates prisoners. Miss McRea, says tradition, told them 
her relation to Lieutenant Jones and promised them a large 
reward if they would take her safely to him in the British 
camp. This they agreed to do, but on the way they fell into 
a dispute about the reward and, to settle it, one of them in a 
rage killed Miss McRea on the spot. 

" Her scalp, with its long silken tresses," says Irving, " was 
secured by her lover, who brooded over it in anguish and pre- 
served it, — a sad but precious relic. Disgusted with the ser- 
vice, he threw up his commission and 'retired to Canada, 
never marrying, but living to be an old man, taciturn and 
melancholy and haunted by painful recollections. A stone, 
with her name cut on it, still marks the grave of Miss McRea 
near the ruins of Fort Edward, and a tree is pointed out near 
which she was murdered." 

Captain Farnum, after his boat ride with the ladies (so un- 
conscious in their gayety of the dreadful fate before them), 
chronicles nothing of marked interest, merely makes notes of 
journeys to and from Fort Ticonderoga, " making muster 
rolls of my company — writing letters to send to Andover," 
etc. None of his letters have been found, but there are a few 
relics of the correspondence of soldiers of his company. One 
of these written by a mother to her son was received by him 
at Fort Edward, carried through all his campaigns, and 
finally brought back to the home whence it had been sent, 
and where it has been kept till now. The letter is dated An- 
dover, July 5, 1777, and signed : — 

" Your loving father and mother till Death. 

Joseph Shattuck. 
Anna Shattuck." 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 365 

The receiver of the letter was Joseph Shattuck, Jr., corpo- 
ral in Captain Farn urn's company. 

Joseph Shattuck whose name is signed to this letter was 
the son of Joseph Shattuck, who, in 1728, bought a farm in 
West Andover near the Merrimack River. His wife was 
Anna Johnson, daughter of Cornelius Johnson, of Haverhill, 
Her letter shows her to have been a remarkably well educated 
woman for her time, the composition and spelling being 
noticeably correct. Joseph Shattuck, the soldier, after his 
campaigns, settled on a farm on the banks of the Merrimack 
where he lived to be almost ninety years old (dying in 1847), 
a venerable and good man. His first wife was a daughter of 
Joshua Chandler, Esq. She died at the age of twenty, leav- 
ing no children. He married again Phebe Abbot, daughter 
of Capt. Jonathan Abbot. She lived to be almost eighty- 
three years old. The writer remembers this aged couple 
(they spent nearly fifty-eight years together), as they sat at 
the fireside or at the round tea-table (the wife at her husband's 
right hand), " grandsire " with his long white hair neatly 
braided in a queue and tied with a black silk band, " mother," 
with her snowy cap and smoothly folded neckerchief setting 
off to advantage a face benign and (as it seemed to the young 
folks whom she loved to welcome to her hospitable board and 
her well-stored pantry of goodies) beautiful to look upon. 

The eldest son, Capt. Joseph Shattuck, and his only brother, 
Capt. Nathan Shattuck, lived within a mile of each other, the 
former on a part of the ancestral estates. Both were re- 
spected citizens, selectmen many years, and representatives to 
the Legislature. 

Captain Farnum on the seventeenth of June, 1777, stirred 
by the memories of the day, makes a record in his diary : — 

" jfune 17. This day two year I was wounded in the batel at 
bunkers hill." 

" Jime 20. Departed this life, Thomas Hagget, a soldier in my 
company. 

"21. Lieut. Abbot took an inventory belonging to Tiiomas 
Hagget, lately Deceased." 

Sunday, June 22d, Captain Farnum writes : " An officer 



366 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

from Ticonderoga, the 21 — but has no nuse of the enemy." 
Yet at this very time the enemy were close at hand, — Bur- 
goyne with about four thousand British, three thousand Ger- 
mans, two hundred Canadians, four hundred Indians — besides 
artillery, in all nearly eight thousand strong, under command 
of the able officers Generals Frazer, Powel, Hamilton, and 
the Major-general the Baron de Reidesel in command of the 
Germans. 

The commander of the American forces at Ticonderoga, 
General St. Clair, had witten to General Schuyler that he 
could easily hold the fort, but when the enemy appeared he 
changed his mind and sent off dispatches : — 

" There is no prospect of being able to defend Ticonderoga un- 
less militia come in." 

By the time the news of the General's first dispatch had 
reached General Washington the fortress had been surren- 
dered. It is needless to detail particulars, how passes were 
left unguarded, and commanding heights unnoticed, till the 
enemy held them and from Mount Defiance could rake the 
fort. Capt. Farnum puts it all into a half dozen words, this 
work of nights and days, of British energy and victory and 
American negligence and defeat. 

" Sunday, 6 yiily. Nuse of Ticonderoga & Mount In Depen- 
dence being Vequeated. this evening the retreating parte begun 
to come into this Garrison. 

" yiily 9. Myself, with the men belonging to Col. Francis's regt., 
marched to Mr. Gillet's and incamped. Nuse that the body of our 
army that came from Ticonderoga-are coming by white crick & 
are expected here soon. 

" ^uly 10. Nuse that Col. Francis was killed at Hubeton 
(Hubardtown), 22 miles from Tyconderoga in a batel with our rear 
and the enemy. Nuse that Col. Warner & Col. Titcomb are 
wounded in the same batel. 

" y'^^y 14- Nuse that 80 of our wagons are cut off Between 
Fort Edward and Fort George. 

" i6th. Nuse that the enemy Drive a great many catell from 
White Crick. 

" 17M. Fort George Vequated 

" 23c/. Veaquated Fort Edwards after moving all the stores and 
burned the barracks." 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 367 

In the midst of this flight and confusion, Captain Farnum 
receives the sad news of the murder of the ladies of his 
pleasure-boat party. 

He with his company were now on an island in the Hud- 
son River, between Fort Edward and Saratoga. They soon 
broke up camp and shipped their stores down river ; and the 
troops marched to Saratoga. On the third of August they 
were ordered to march to Stillwater. Their arrival is thus 
noted : — 

" Arrived about one o'clock at nite ; lodged on the wet ground. 
In the morning the ground was laid out for each brigade to camp 
in. We got our boards out of the river & made our huts, those 
that had tents pitched them. 

" August I \th. received nuse from my friends at Andover ; ware 
dated the loth of May." 

By the return post, Corporal Shattuck sent a letter which 
confirms the notes of Captain Farnum's diary regarding the 
movements of the army : — 

" Honored father and mother, after my duty to you 'I would in- 
form you that through Divine Goodness I am in Good health at 

this time I would inform you that our armey is Retreten 

and we Dont know where we Shall mak a Stand." 

The retreat was soon arrested by the news of the battle of 
Bennington, followed by further news of the check given to 
Burgoyne's tide of victory by the operations of the Massa- 
chusetts militia sent on as a reenforcement. 

Captain Farnum thus records the battle of Bennington : — 

" x^th. The following is just from Bennington by express : that 
the battel their has turned in our favor, that our army has kiled 
& taken 936, that the loss on our side 20 kiled and 80 wounded. 
4 brs. field Peaces taken from the enemy." 

The surrender of Fort Ticonderoga, although it could not 
have been foreseen by General Schuyler, he incurred the 
blame of, and it completing his disgrace in the eyes of the 
people, he was superseded by the favorite General Gates. 
Captain Farnum notes the event : — 

^^ Aug. 20. This evening the honourable Gen. Gates arrived 
here." 



368 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

As all readers of history know, we are now arrived in this 
narrative at the point of the decisive battle of Stillwater, 
which resulted in the surrender of General Burgoyne. The 
retreating American army, encouraged by the victory of Ben- 
nington and aided by other operations of the reenforcements 
of militia in the North which will be hereafter related, made 
a stand and gained the victory which produced such rejoicing 
throughout America. 

There is only a brief record of the first battle, — "A smart 
batel with the enemy," — as Captain Farnum was then sick in 
Albany. His account of the second battle is as follows : — 

" Oct. ']t/i. This day a batel begun about t'o o'clock in the after- 
noon, which held til dark. Mager Lipko, Adj. Francis, Ensign 
Round, an a number others were wounded, and a number kiled. 
we tuck 8 cannon and a Number of prisoners, about 200. The 
batel was much in our favour. 

" 2,th. This day a constant firing cept by our People on the 
enemy's lines." 

This '• constant firing " referred to by Captain Farnum is 
spoken of by all the historians. It was merciless and ter- 
rible, endangering even the British chaplains engaged in 
burial rites of their dead officers. General Burgoyne said of 
it, in description more graphic than that of our Andover nar- 
rator : — 

"The incessant cannonade during the ceremony^ the steady at- 
titude and unaltered voice with which the chaplain officiated, 
though frequently covered with dust, which the shot threw upon all 
sides of him, the mute but expressive mixture of sensibility and 
indignation upon every countenance, these objects will remain to 
the last of life upon the mind of every man who was present." 

Capt. Farnum's diary goes on describing the surrender : — 

" i^th. Ordered that there be no fireing on the enemy : flags 
exchanged between Genl. Gates and Mr. Burgoyne. 

" 13M, This day the generals are a tryin to settle the terms that 
Burgoyne shall Render himself & army Prisoners of War. 

" 16th. This day the terms agreed on ; the writings drone, & 
signed, seld, and Delivered. 

"17. This morning ordered to strike tents and march; we 

1 For General Frazer's burial. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 369 

marched to Saratoga meeting-house. The army perade and ginl. 
burgoine, with his army, marched out, after grounding their armes, 
& Serender them' Prisoners of war. 

" \Zth October. This morning I wente to see the Lines that the 
enemy lefte. Returned to my tent, eat Bexfast." 

Thus jotting down with equal conciseness the surrender of 
armies and his eating breakfast, the Captain continues his 
diary till he comes to Albany. There he wrote a letter home 
on the 22d, and on the 24th, " received a letter from my wife." 
26th, "attended divine service," 28th, "Rote a letter to my 
daughter." He notes that Colonel Tupper took command 
of the regiment the 27th. 

The brief season of rest in a pleasant city among the peace- 
ful habitations of men, after the forest life and lonely garrison, 
was, no doubt, a great refreshment, but it was soon over : — 

"30///. Strike tents and march down to the wharf, went abord 
the ships, sailed down 12 miles, landed and camped without tents 
that nite." 

The weather was cold and snow had already fallen. The 
hard marches and exposure told upon the soldiers. 

" Nov. \th. This day Corporal Shattuck, with a number of other 
sick men, were sent to Albany." 

On the fifth of November the captain performed an agree- 
able duty: "Drew 13 pairs of Breaches, 73 pear of shus, 4 
shirts .... in part of clothing for my company." 

Soon the company are sailing down river "all nite" forty 
miles from Albany past forts Constitution and Montgomery, 
and on the nth of November they land at King's Ferry. 
They are on their way to join the army of General Washing- 
ton near Philadelphia. 

" 20th Nov. Cross the ferry, then pitch tents in Penselvenea. 

" 2 \st. March through Crucked Billet,^ & march within 5 miles 
of ginl Wa-hington's head-quarters. 

" 22d. March to Whitemarsh, near headquarters, and in camp 
nuse that Red bank forts is veaqueated. 

" 2Zth. Thomas Stevens sent to Plumton (?) among the sick of 

the regiment. 

1 " Crooked Billet," a town near Philadelphia, so named from the sign of an 
ancient inn. 

24 



370 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

"29//? Nov. Died, Mr. Thomas Stevens; he was nine miles 
from camp. 

'■'■Dec. 2. Corporal Cross went after Mr. Stevenses cloaths. 

"3</ Dec. This morning we was a Larmed at Day break. 
Marched to the alarme post but saw no enemy. 

" 5M. Larmed at two o'clock. We tuck our alarme poste ; 
the enemy came out to Germantown ; the scouts had some scur- 
mishing j all ower bageg sente to 24 mile ston. 

" (ith. Parade at Day Breake ; lay on our Larm poste til 4 
o'clock ; the enemy lay on Chestnut hill, within 2 miles, but no 
attack this Day. 

" Sunday, 'jih. Parade at 6 o'clock, lay on the lines all day ; at 
2 o'clock, scurmishing begun by small parties held til Dark. 

"8//;. The enemy retreated to Phalled'-a [Philadelphia]; our 
Scouts and Rifelmen followed their Rear. Col. Tupper's regiment 
ordered to march no further than head quarters by hearing that the 
enemy had got into the Site [city]." 

Soon our journalist is getting ready for the winter encamp- 
ment at Valley Forge, that winter of suffering, and sorrow, 
and discouragement, when Washington, censured by his coun- 
trymen for inactivity, beheld his men dying around him for 
lack of shelter from the cold and of food to keep them from 
starving. There were about eleven thousand soldiers in 
camp in huts of wood, fourteen men in each hut. Captain 
Farnum writes : — 

'■'■Dec. 22. Lay out the camping ground. 25//?, cutting timber 
for the huts. 29, 30, & 31, at work building a hut. yan. i, 1778. 
This day moved into our hute. 3^, built cabens in our hut. Sun- 
day, rote letters home." 

Such life was hard, and it is no wonder some poor fellows 
were homesick and tempted to get away from such a wretched 
place — where the snow was marked with the blood of the 
soldiers' sore and frozen feet, and groans and curses too often 
made the huts unendurable. But the penalty for desertion 
from even such quarters was death, and death not as became 
a soldier, but by hanging : — 

" jfan. gt/i. This morning at 10 o'clock, 4 men from each Brig- 
ade wore Praded to see a Deserter shote. He was reprieved for 
one day. 



AND OVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 37 1 

" \oth. This da}' at ii o'clock, John Rilee was hanged for De- 
sershon. 

" wth. A snow storm. ..... 

"23^/. Went to the Paste House & tuck the Small Pocks 
with Col. Litel, Dr. Parker, & others. 

" 2\th. Tuck fisick. Sunday, 25//;. Made out Returns of my 
company & Capt. Greenleaf's, to send to the cort of M T B. 

*'26//5. Tuck fisick in preparation for the S' Px. 

"27///. On fatege at the Lefte Radout. 

" 2W1. Tuck fisick. 

"31J/. Went out of the campe on wa . . . [illegible] with the 
small pox." 

This closes the captain's diary. 

The camp at Valley Forge is thus described by Hil- 
dreth : — 

" Such was the destitution of shoes that all the late marches had 
been tracked in blood. For want of blankets many of the men 
were obliged to sit up all night before the camp fires. More than 
one quarter part of the troops were reported unfit for duty, because 
they were barefoot and otherwise naked." 

In this deplorable condition of things Massachusetts took 
measures to relieve the soldiers from this State. Returns of 
the state of each company were ordered. 

The return of Captain Farnum's company is here given. 
It shows ^ much less destitution than existed in other com- 
panies. Undoubtedly the town of Andover and individual 
friends of the soldiers provided for their necessities : — 

" A Return " of the State of a Company commanded by Capt. Ben- 
jamin Farnum, in a Regt. Raised in the State of Massachusetts Bay, 
for the Defence of the United States of America, Commanded by Col. 
BenJ. Tapper, Jan. 24, 1778.'' 

Benjamin Farnum, Capt. David Beverly, (?) Coipl. Jonathan Ballard.* 

Stephen Abbot, Lieut. John Cross, Corporal.'' Benj. Barry.'' 

David Farnum, Sergt. Benj. Abbot, Drummer. Nehemiah Carlton,^ Brad- 

Obadiah Lovejoy, Sergt. Joshua Long,^ Fifer. ford. 

Joshua Frie, Sergt. Benj. Abbot, Private. Cesar Cogswell.'' 

James Wille}-, Sergt. Prince Ame.s. Thomas Day. 

Joseph Shattuck, Corpl." George Blunt.'' Palfrey Downing. 

Asa Osgood, Corporal. John Baldwin. Thomas Fuller, Salem. 

1 The articles lacking are specified with the names. 

2 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xi., p. 76. 



372 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Israel Farnum." John Lovejoy. Hezekiah Stiles. 

John Fealds." Daniel Linsey.* Thomas Smith.'' 

Cato Foster.'' Peter Martin. Bimsley Stevens.'^' 

Samson Frye. James McFarling.'' Thomas Stevens.-^ 

Daniel Holt." James McFarling, jr.'' James Turner.'' 

Edward Herrick. Thomas Phelps.'' James Turner, jr.'' 

Thomas Haggit..^ William Parker.* Mark Winter.'' 

Jonathan Haggit,«Tewks- Peter Pevey. John Welch, 

bury. Isaac Russel. Benj. Webb.'' 

James Johnson. John Stevens. Titus Chickren.^ 
Isaac Lovejoy.'' 

" Sick at Albany. '' Not fit for duty for want of shoes. c Discharged. '^ Unfit for 
duty for want of clothes. ^ Sick at Morristown. / Dead. S Lame at Crucked Billet. 
'' On I'urlough. 

Accompanying the returns of his regiment is a letter from 
Colonel Tupper, appealing to the State for relief, and saying 
he would rather leave the service than be the witness of such 
sufferings as the soldiers at Valley Forge were then undergo- 



ing. 



Leaving now the camp at Valley Forge and Captain Far- 
num sick with his taking of the small pox, we return to trace 
other events which were prior to the surrender of General 
Burgoyne and contributed to hasten it, and in which one of 
our Andover officers acted a distinguished part. 

Immediately upon the news of the fall of Ticonderoga, re- 
enforcements had marched from Massachusetts to join the 
troops under the command of General Lincoln. A part of 
the force was commanded by Col. Samuel Johnson of An- 
dover. There were some five hundred men from different 
regiments under his command. 

Following are rolls of the regiment of Colonel Johnson, 
and of companies which were in service during the whole 
or a part of the time from August 14 to the last of Novem- 
ber : — 

" A Pay RoW^ of the Field and Staff officers of Col SaitiL Johnson's 
Regiment of Massachusetts Bay Militia.'^ 

Establishment 
per Month. 

Saml. Johnson, Col £■2.2 lo s 

Ralph Cross, Lt.-col i8 o 

Eleazer Crafts, Major 15° 

1 Date of years not given, but from dates of months and time of travel evi- 
dently that of the reenforcement of 1777, for the Northern Army. 



AND OVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 373 



Bimsley Stevens, Adjt. 
Caleb Gushing, Q Master 
~ William Bacheler, Surgeon 
George Osgood, Sur. Mate 



£12 OS 

8 50 
18 o 

9 o 



" A Pay RoW^ of Bounty Granted by the Great and General Court 
of the State of Massachusetts Bay to the Non Cofnmissioned officers 
and Soldiers of Capt. John Adams's cofnpany in Col. Sa?niu'l John- 
son's Regiment of Militia, commanded by Maj" Gage, to Reinforce 
the Northern army. According to a Resolution of the said Court of 
the twenty-second of Sept. Last." 



Solomon Ingals, Sart. 

Majr. 
William Johnson, Sargt. 
John Barker, do. 

Peter Farnum, do. 

John Barker, Junior, do. 
John Poor, Corpl. 
Timothy Carlton, Corp]. 
Daniel Poor, do. 

Daniel Granger, Drum. 
Daniel Poor, jr., Fifer. 
Asa Barker, Private. 
Jacob Barnard. 



John Barnard, jr. 
John Carlton. 
Daniel Carlton. 
Benjamin Carlton. 
Michael Carlton. 
Samuel Chickering. 
Jonathan Downing. 
James Davis. 
William Foster. 
Timothy Farnum, 
John Frye, junr. 
Daniel Poor, jr. 
John Frye, 3d. 



Zebadiah Holt. 
Daniel Ingalls. 
Francis Ingals, jr. 
Ebenezer Ingals, jr. 
John Ingals, jr. 
Solomon Martin. 
Timothy Poor, jr. 
Benjamin Poor, jr. 
Timothy Stevens. 
Abiel Wilson. 
Cesar Barker. 
Nehemiah Abbot. 
Saml. Spofford. 



"^ Pay Roll^ of Bounty Granted by the Great and General Court 
of the State of Massachusetts Bay to the Non-Commissioned officers 
and soldiers of Capt. John Abbot's company in Maj'' Gage's Reg- 
iment of Militia, according to a Resolution of the said Court of the 
Twenty-second af Sept. last." ^ 



John Abbot. 
Moses Bailey, Sargt. 
David Blunt, do. 
John Russell, do. 
Abiel Stevens, do. 
John Wood, Corpl. 
John Mooar, do. 

Robert Day, do. 

Daniel Chandler, do. 
Abiel Chandler, Fifer. 
John Abbot.' 
Nathan Abbot. 
Ebenezer Abbot. 



John Blunt. 
John Bailey. 
Saml. Blanchard. 
Daniel Blanchard. 
Josiah Chandler. 
Zebadiah Chandler. 
Nathan Chandler. 
Simon Crosby. 
Simeon Dresser. 
Francis Dane. 
Jeremiah Goldsmith. 
Robert Gray. 
Saml. Holt. 



Ebenezer Jones. 
Isaac Lovejoy. 
Thomas Merrill. 
Saml. Marshall. 
Isaac Mooar. 
Joses Ordway. 
Jonathan Russel. 
William Shelden. 
Nathan Shattuck. 
Abiel Shattuck. 
Saml. Stevens. 
Abiel Upton. 
Dudley Woodbridge. 



1 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xvii., p. 13. 

2 Ibid., vol. xvi., p. 84. 

^ The time of service in the roll was from September 30, 1777, to November 
6, 1777. Service "in Northern Army." 



374 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



"^ Pay RoW^ of Capt. Samuel Johnson's company, in Col. 
Johnson's Regiment of Militia, Belonging to the State of Massachu- 
setts, being in the army to the Northward, Nov. JO, 1777" 

Samuel Johnson, Capt. 
James Mallon, Lieut. 
John Fry, 2 Lieut. 
Jeduthan Abbot, Sergt. 
Solomon Jennes, Sergt. 



Phineas Carlton. 
Ezra Chandler. 
William Cross. 
Abijah Cross. 
Asa Colburn. 



William Chandler, Sergt. 
Joseph Bachelder, Sergt. 
John Richardson, Corp. 
Zebediah Barker, Corp. 
Daniel Mors, Corp. 
Joseph Dean, Corp. 
James Chandler, Fifer. 
Thadeus Ladd, Drum"". 
Spofford Ames. 
Ephraim Abbot. 
Samuel Austin. 
Solomon Austin. 
Frederick Ballard. 
James Baley. 
Peter Barker. 
William Burbank. 
Isaac Barker. 
Moses Bienlan [Brentun]. 
Asa Cummins. 
Jonathan Cummens. 



William Davis. 
Jacob Deskum. 
James Darrunt. 
Jonathan Evans. 
Simeon Farnum. 
Nathaniel Frye. 
Joseph Foster. 
Phineas Goodhew. 
Jacob Granger. 
Thomas Gray. 
Zelah Holt. 
Isaac Ingals. 
Mical Ladd. 
William Lovejoy. 
Nathaniel Lovejoy. 
Nathaniel Ladd. 
Jacob Makentire. 
James Messer. 
Joseph Merrel. 
Obediah More. 



Nathaniel Marshal. 
John Nichols. 
Daniel Osgood. 
John Parker. 
Asa Parker. 
James Parker. 
William Parker. 
Andrew Richardson, 
/peter Roberson. 
Moody Spofford. 
Jonathan Stevens. 
Ebenezer Serjant. 
William Swan. 
William Wilson. 
Benjamin Wood. 
Benjamin Webber. 
Joshua Wardwell. 
Joseph Wardwell. 
Elisha Webber. 
James Williams. 
William Harris. 
Simeon Stevens. 
Jonathan Pettengel. 
Joshua Stevens. 
Nehemiah Abbot. 



" Andover, Jan. 15, 1778. Continental Pay Roll." 

The date of engagement, August 14, 1777. The date of dis- 
charge, last day of November, 1777. 

The troops marched by way of Bennington and stopped 
there. The recent victory of Colonel Stark had animated the 
courage of the people of that vicinity and the officers of the 
Massachusetts Militia caught the enthusiasm. It was de- 
termined that before marching to join the retreating army, 
whose course we have just followed, they should strike a 
blow and attempt to retake Fort Ticonderoga ^ and Mount 
Independence. The enterprise was intrusted by General 
Lincoln to Colonels Brown and Johnson.^ It was a very 

1 Private manuscript. Pay Rolls nearly corresponding with this are found in 
the State Rolls, vol. xx., p. 130 ; also, vol. xx., p. 102. 

2 These were directly opposite each other. 

8 Colonel Johnson calls it a "private expedition." 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 375 

bold and even desperate undertaking, for the fort was almost 
impregnable and strongly garrisoned. But by the conduct 
and courage of the officers it proved, although not wholly 
successful so far as taking the fort, a great advantage and 
victory. Large supplies and stores of the enemy were cap- 
tured and their communication cut off so that General 13ur- 
goyne was impeded in his operations and pushed to his final 
surrender. The details of the expedition are somewhat va- 
riously related in the histories. Colonel Johnson wrote a full 
narrative of the movements of the troops under his command 
in letters to his family at Andover. From it the following 
is compiled. He says: "There were fifteen hundred men 
in three parties, Col. Brown with five hundred to attack Ti- 
conderoga, myself with five hundred to attempt Mt. Inde- 
pendence, and Col. Woodbridge with the same number 
stopped at Skenesboro to cover Col. Brown's retreat." 

Skenesboro was the place at whi'ch St. Clair's fleeing army 
had halted when he abandoned Ticonderoga ; indeed Colonel 
Johnson's march all the way was through the very places 
where our retreating troops had passed a few weeks before. 
Traces of the battles and the flight were all along their 
route : — 

" Marched the thirteenth day of September ; arrived at Castle- 
ton, waited there one day for Col. Brown to get forward, then 
marched to Hubbardton." 

The last named town was where the gallant Colonel Francis 
had fallen, July 7th, and the place also where Major Ackland, 
a British grenadier, was wounded, and whither his heroic wife 
and her friend, the Baroness de Reidesel, came to join the 
British army. But in respect to all these facts the letters of 
Colonel Johnson are silent. He simply gives the details of 
his own expedition : — 

" At Hubbardton I formed my detachment into three divisions. 
Col. Safford commanded the first, Col. Barret the second, Major 
Cross the third." 

The letter goes on to say that marching all day they ar- 
rived about eight o'clock in the evening (September i6th) 
within two miles of Mount Independence (which was just 



376 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

across the narrows of the lake from Fort Ticonderoga), that 
soon after their arrival Colonel Johnson was waited upon by- 
two messengers, who had swum the lake bringing letters from 
Colonel Brown. This officer had arrived and encamped be- 
fore Ticonderoga. The letters arranged for a united attack 
on the fort just before day. But about one o'clock Colonel 
Warner arriving at the camp of Colonel Johnson, it was de- 
termined in a council of war that it would not be best for 
them to attempt to force the enemy's lines, but, rather, to 
make a feint in order to draw attention from Colonel Brown. 
This was, therefore, done, and it seems to have succeeded in 
the object intended. Colonel Johnson says : "We surprised 
the enemy at break of day, driving in their piquet guard, and 
immediately ensued a considerable fire from their shipping 
and lines, and we continued to return their fire the chief of 
that day" (September 17th). Meanwhile Colonel Brown (at- 
tention thus being diverted from his movements) " attacked 
the Landing at Lake George, the mills, and mount Defiance, 
also the French lines, and carried them ; " he relieved, says 
Colonel Johnson's letter, nearly a " hundred American pris- 
oners, took twelve British officers, and 143 non-commissioned 
officers and privates, 119 Canadians, and 14 artificers, sev- 
eral hundred stands of armes, besides a great quantity of 
baggage, with the loss of only two killed and three or four 
wounded." 

Being obliged to send a considerable number of his force 
to guard the prisoners, and get off the baggage and stores 
taken, Colonel Brown called on Colonel Johnson for two 
hundred men to reenforce him. Deciding^ that it was not 
best to storm the Fort (as they had learned from a deserter 
of its great strength), he made haste to secure what stores 
he could, and retire before he should be attacked, intend- 
ing to proceed up the lake and surprise Fort George (for- 
merly Fort William Henry). He collected a large number of 
bateaux, seventeen gun-boats, and one armed sloop, and em- 
barked his men. In command of men on one of these boats 
was Capt. Samuel Johnson — probably being one of the two 
hundred sent as a reenforcement by Colonel Johnson. 

1 Hildreth's History says there was a four days' siege, but it seems otherwise 
from this letter. 



AND OVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 2>77 

But the garrison at Fort George had been apprised by a 
tory of their approach, and immediately on their arrival at 
Diamond Island, September 23d, opened fire upon them 
" with such effect," says the letter of Colonel Johnson, that 
every boat was shot through, except the one which Captain 
Johnson commanded. 

Destroying the boats and stores, Colonel Brown then has- 
tily retreated from Fort George and marched to Skenes- 
borough. There Colonel Johnson joined him, having marched 
from Mount Independence. 

The next morning they started for Pawlet, where, says 
Colonel Johnson, we "arrived the 27th, and still remain." 

The letter of Colonel Johnson and with it Colonel Brown's 
letter, and probably many other letters, were sent to Andover. 
One letter from a private of Capt. Samuel Johnson's com- 
pany has been preserved : — 

"Pawlet, October y« i", 1777. 

"Loving sister, — These will inform you that I am very" well 
at present, and have been so ever since I came from home, and I 
hope you and all my friends enjoy the same state of health. 

"We have been up to Ticonderoga and took almost four hun- 
dred prisoners of the British army, and relieved one hundred of our 
men that were prisoners there. 

" Our army have come from Ticonderoga down as far as Pawlet, 
about sixty miles, and expect to march to Stillwater very soon. 

" So no more at present. I remain 

" Your Loving brother, 

"Jonathan Stevens. 
" To THE Widow Lydia Peters in Andover." 

Although this expedition had not, as was hoped, succeeded 
in capturing Fort Ticonderoga, and Colonel Johnson in his 
letter makes no claim to a brilliant achievement, the news of 
It spread joy through the American army on the Hudson, 
and struck dismay to the heart of Burgoyne : — 

"On the 2i'V' says Irving, " the British general heard shouts in 

the American camp, and in a little while their cannon thundered a 

feu dejoie. News had been received from General Lincoln that a 

detachment of New England troops under Colonel Brown ^ had sur- 

1 Hildreth says " and Colonel Johnson." 



378 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

prised the carrying place, mills, and French lines at Ticonderoga, 
captured an armed sloop, gun-boats, and bateaux; made three hun- 
dred prisoners, besides releasing one hundred American captives, 
and laying siege to Fort Independence." 

The siege of Fort Independence, as we have seen, alone 
enabled Colonel Brown to achieve his exploits, and Colonel 
Johnson's prompt reenforcement helped him in effecting the 
removal of the stores and prisoners. Colonel Johnson's la- 
bors were incessant. " I have not had my clothes off this 
fifteen days," he writes. His cheerfulness and courage were 
unfailing. "Through the goodness of God I have enjoyed 
my health as well as ever, although the fatigue of the army 
is hard to undergo, yet do not doubt that through the good- 
ness of God we shall be able to surmount all the hardships 
we shall have to pass through." 

In his letter, too, the Colonel takes pains to give informa- 
tion regarding the Andover soldiers, which he thinks will be 
cheering to their friends. The troops marched from Pawlet 
to Stillwater, and were there in time to share in the battle on 
the 7th of October. 

The name of a soldier on the roll of Captain Johnson's 
company is found in connection with a petition ^ to the Gen- 
eral Court. He was at the time a resident of Methuen : — 

" The Humble Petition of William Parker, of Methuen, in the 
county of Essex in said state, humbly sheweth : That your petitioner 
was an Inlisted soldier in Capt. Saml. Johnson's Company, in Col. 
Samuel Johnson's regiment. That your petitioner was in the Bat- 
tle near Stillwater on the seventh of October Last, and was there 
Badly Wounded with a Musquet Ball from the Enemy ; Shot 
through one of the s*^ William's Hips ; Was carried out of y^ Battle 
by some of his Friends, his life much Despaired of. That after 
Carefull Dressing of his Wounds In the Army he so far Recovered 
in about one month as to be Conveyed, at his own Expense, In a 
shay carriage, home to Methuen, which is about Two Hundred 
Miles. That I then Bore my own Expense for myselfe & assist- 
ance in my journey home, and my Horse hire & carriage, & have 
borne the expense of Doctors & Nursing about six months. That 
I am capable of Doing some Labour, but remain a Cripple, and 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. clx.xxiv., p. 236. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. Z79 

greatly fear I always shall. That when I fell with my wound I 
lost my firelock, which was an exceedingly valuable one. That I 
lost my hat, which was then almost new, & what was called a Good 
fur hat, wh. firelock & hat was not lost through carelessness or neg- 
ligence, but by our being at that time forced from the ground where 
I was wounded, & the enemy Immediately took possession of y" 
same. 

"Wherefore your humble petitioner most humbly prays that this 
honorable Court in your wonted justice, clemency, & Goodness 
will take your petitioner's grievances under your wise considera- 
tion, and so grant and Direct therein that he may be allowed for 
his loss of Time, for his Doctors & nursing, for his Reasonable & 
Necessary Expenses In his being conveyed Home, & for the Loss 
of his Firelock & hat, «& such further allowance for his being at 
present, and according to all human probability likely to remain a 
cripple for the Future. That he may in some measure be Consid- 
ered in the number of Pensioners who have jeoparded their Lives 
& Lost their Limbs in the Defence of their Country under such 
Limitation & Restriction as in your wisdom & justice you shall 
think fit, & your petitioner, as in duty bound, shall ever pray. 

William Parker. 

" Methuen, 6"^/ i6'*, 1778." 

" This may certifye to the Honble Cort that William Parker, as 
above mentioned, was wounded at Stillwater with a Musquet Ball 
threw one of his hips ; was Brought home to methuen in a carig, as 
soon as he was abel to Ride, at his own expense, after he came 
home he applied to me as surgeon to cure his wound and Lame- 
ness, which I attended till his wound healed up ; But his Lame- 
ness remained for a Long while Before he was fit for any Labour; 
But he still remains lame, and I fear never will outgrow His Lame- 
ness, By reason of Sum Nerves Being wounded. Therefore I think 
he ort to be considered Saml. Hildreth." 

" Andover, Sept. 14, 1778. 
" This may certifie that William Parker befor menshioned was 
an inlisted soldier in my company, and that sd Parker was in the 
Battel as before mentioned, and Did Loos his firelock and other 
things by Reason of his being wounded. 

" Saml. Johnson, Capi." 

Notwithstanding this accumulation of arguments, and the 
petitioner's confident belief in the justice of the court, he 
was left unaided. 



38o HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

" The committee report that the petitioner have leave to with- 
draw." 

The honorable 'part of Colonel Johnson in the battle is 
borne vi^itness to in an obituary notice, 1796 : — 

"In 1777 he commanded a regiment detached from the county 
of Essex, and led them to victory and glory in the memorable ac- 
tion on the 7th of October, where his firmness and courage was 
particularly distinguished. His regiment was a part of that re- 
spectable yeomanry whom General Burgoyne honored as the own- 
ers of the soil, men determined to conquer or die. This was the 
Fourth Massachusetts Regiment which Col. Johnson commanded 
through the war, and with promptness and punctuality answered 
the requisitions of Government in a manner highly satisfactory to 
the several corps which composed the regiment." 

It would not be proper to pass by the battle of Stillwater, 
of October 7th, without allusion to one of the most promi- 
nent and gallant of the American officers on the field, Gen. 
Enoch Poor, who commanded the New Hampshire regiments. 
General Poor was an Andover man, a brother of Col. Thomas 
Poor. About ten years before the war he had removed to 
Exeter, where he became an influential citizen. A brief 
sketch of his life and services in the Revolution is given in 
a historical sketch of Exeter.^ Although it interrupts some- 
what this narrative of events, it is of sufficient interest to be 
here introduced : — 

" Enoch Poor was one of the most active business men of Exeter 
when the war began. He had come here some ten years before 
from Andover, Massachusetts, his native town, and had engaged in 
trade and ship-building. He showed himself to be decided ' bold ' 
and fitted for command, and ' as he was an ardent friend of liberty ' 
he was regarded at an early period as a leader in organizing resist- 
ance to the British authority He was at once made colonel 

of the second regiment of New Hampshire troops, and thencefor- 
ward until his death he shared the fortunes of tlie American army. 
He was in command of his regiment in the Canada expedition, and 
was appointed a Brigadier-general in 1777, in which capacity he 
did excellent service in Gates's army in the battles which resulted 
in the capture of Burgoyne. He was at Valley Forge and in the 

1 Exeter in 1776, by Charles H. Bell. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 38 1 

battle of Monmouth 3 won distinction by his efforts in retrieving 
the fortunes of the day, at first imperilled by Lee's ill-timed retreat. 
In 1780 he was in command of a brigade of light infantry under 

Lafayette, who had a high opinion of him Washington 

wrote of him in high terms of commendation." 

Lafayette, on his visit to America, paid a tribute to his 
memory by giving as a sentiment on public occasions : " The 
memory of Light Infantry Poor and Yorktown Scammel." 

There is a likeness of General Poor which is said to have 
been drawn by the Polish engineer, Thaddeus Kosciusko, 
upon the fly-leaf of a hymn-book in church. It represents 
him in the Continental uniform. 

He died, after a short illness, in New Jersey, September 
8, 1780. There was a rumor that he was killed in a duel with 
a French officer, and that this was kept secret to prevent 
exciting ill-feeling against our allies, the French. But the 
story is not credited by the best authorities. 

Before the expedition to the northward, some of the Ando- 
ver men had done service in Rhode Island. An expedition 
had been planned to drive the enemy from Newport.^ The 
Massachusetts militia were ordered to march to reenforce 
the troops commanded by General Spencer, of Connecticut.^ 
Three hundred and twenty-six men were drafted out of the 
Essex brigade. The men from Andover, Haverhill, Box- 
ford, were put under command of Capt. Samuel Johnson.^ 
The following is the pay-roll of the company : — 

"i'ay Roll ^ for Capt. Johnsoji's Company, in Col. Titco7nb's Regi- 
ment of Militia, from the State of Massachusetts Bay to State of 
Rhode Island, for two months set-vice from their arrival at Provi- 
dence in sd State, with addition of Days' Travel from their several 
towns to the place of Destination and the Return home to the several 
towns whence they come, of the State Bounty Due to sd company. 

Saml. Johnson, Capt. a. Jonathan Barker, Sargt. Benjamin Ordway, Sargt. 
James Mallon, Lieut. Andrew Peabody, do. Caleb Cushon, " 

Saml. Crowell, Lieut. Jabesh Gage, " Nathan Ingals, Corp. a. 

1 Barry's History of Massachusetts. 

2 Letter of Michael Farley, Mass. Archives. 
8 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. ii., p. 35. 

* Men of Andover, Haverhill, Methuen, Bradford, Boxford. Those marked a 
of Andover. Mass. Riv. Rolls, vol. ii., p. 139. 



382 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



Isaach Chandler, Corp. 
Aquiller Kimball, Corp. 
Joshua Rhay, do. 

James Chandler, Fifer, a. 
John Chandler, Drum, a. 
Peter Poor, Private, a. 
Simeon Farnum, a. 
Joshua Johnson, a. 
Samuel Philips, a. 
Abiel Wilson, a. 
Samuel Chickren, a. 
Francis Ingals, a. 
Benjamin Carlton, «. 
James Davis, a. 
Robert Davis, a. 
William Lovejoy, a. 
Jonathan Baxter, a. 
Andrew Richardson, a. 
Tobe Abbot, a. 
Asa French, a. 



Isaac How, a. 
Simeon Dresser, a. 
John Alley. 
James Kimball. 
Joshua Kimball. 
Daniel Adams. 
William Sergeant. 
Daniel Mitchal. 
Joseph Ayrs. 
Jonathan Hayns. 
Samuel Bradbury. 
Samuel Lecount. 
Thomas Sergant. 
David Crowell. 
Simon Hereman. 
Robert Hunkens. 
William Bradley. 
Solomon Smith. 
Joseph Uron. 



James Barker. 
Day Michel. 
David Hale. 
Zechariah Baker. 
Jonathan Cross. 
James Williams. 
Nathaniel Smith Messer. 
Ebenezer Barker. 
David Barker. 
Solomon Austen. 
Elisha Parker. 
James Parker. 
William Swan. 
Samuel Perley. 
John Welds. 
Seth Burnum. 
Stephen Tyler. 
Samuel Stiles- 
Ephraim Matthews. 



Timothy Hayes. 
"Bristol, Jime 27, 1777." 

The expedition was unsuccessful. The British continued 
through the year and during the spring of 1778 in the vicin- 
ity of Newport and made frequent incursions into the coun- 
try around. An expedition was formed to drive them out, 
and Colonel Johnson in July received orders to hurry his 
men to Tiverton. " Fail not as you would avoid the censure 
of your country," wrote General Titcomb in his dispatches, 
which are among Colonel Johnson's papers. Thus from place 
to place, North — South — far and near, the men were kept 
on the move, some of them scarcely stationary a month at a 
time. A few relics of their marchings and place of service 
are found. One is " A Pay Roll of Lieut. Jeremiah Blan- 
chard's company in Col. Thomas Poor's reg. of the Mass. 
Bay Militia in the service of the United States of America, 
for the Term of eight months from the time of their arrival 
at Peekskill for the additional pay of forty shillings per month 
agreeable to a Resolve of the General Assembly lately passed 
Apr. 20, 1778." The men were of several towns, Andover 
included. 

Of the movements of Colonel Poor's regiment the follow- 
ing ^ affords a glimpse : — 

1 Worcester and Mixed Rolls, vol. ii. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 383 

" William Adams, of Chelmsford, in the County of Middlesex 
and commonwealth of Mass., in the 79th year of my age, do testify 
.... that in the first part of the summer of 1778 I enlisted and 
went to West Point, the company that I belonged to was Capt. 
Asa Lawrence's Company, of Groton. the regiment was com- 
manded by Col. Poor, of Andover or Methuen. Some part of our 
service was rendered at White Plains and Peekskill. this was an 
eight months' service. We received our discharge Feb. 1779." 

Although the frequent calls upon the militia of Massachu- 
setts were for the most part cheerfully responded to, yet at 
the close of the Northern campaign it was felt in many quar- 
ters that the demand had been too great for the military ser- 
vice of the soldiers outside of the State. As we have seen, 
some of the Andover companies had scarcely returned from 
the Rhode Island service before they were called to march to 
Ticonderoga. The people of Essex County were aroused by 
a sense of injustice when after the surrender of General Bur- 
goyne the militia were not dismissed but were summoned to 
guard the prisoners of war and march to Boston. A petition 
was made to General Titcomb and subsequently to the Coun- 
cil, stating the feelings of the community and of the ofificers 
of the Fourth Regiment of militia of Massachusetts. 

Captain Lovejoy, of Andover, in a forcible letter ^ set forth 
their grievances and said the ordering of fresh military ser- 
vice he regarded "dishonorable, unreasonable, unjust and 
highly injurious." 

There seems to have been at Andover during the year 1777, 
some apprehension or suspicion of treason in the town, or at 
least, of what was regarded as treason, a spirit of opposition 
to the military measures. Possibly it was from the British 
prisoners who had become naturalized from motives of pru- 
dence, but would not be likely always to feel full sympathy 
with the ardor of the native American citizen, 

" Captain Joshua Holt was chosen to procure and lay before the 
Court any evidence that may be had of the Inimical disposition to 
this or any of the United States of any Inhabitant or Inhabitants 
of this town who shall be charged by the Freeholders or other In- 
habitants of sd Town as being a Person whose residence in this 
State is dangerous to the publick Peace and Safety." 

1 Alass. Archives, vol. clxxv. 



384 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

The closing years of the war were perhaps attended with 
even more suffering than the beginning. There were fewer 
alarms, but there was constant distress, especially among the 
middle classes, — the " respectable yeomanry " whom Gene- 
ral Burgoyne complimented. More than one good farm went 
to ruin ; its lands untilled, its buildings decayed, its flocks 
and herds dwindled away to contribute to or pay for the sup- 
port of the owner's family. What was worse, more than one 
"steady" man, who had been a good provider and kind hus- 
band and father before the war, came home with unsettled 
habits and took to spending his time and his money at taverns 
and grog-shops ; and what with these evils and the deprecia- 
tion of the currency and the heavy taxes, many once happy 
households were plunged into misery and disgrace. On the 
other hand, there were a few who made great fortunes by the 
war. Some traders did not scruple to charge extortionate 
prices for merchandise and necessaries of life, and to make 
gains which could not be justified by any system of ethics. 
If there were any such " unjust men extortioners " at Andover 
they got plain doctrine as to their conduct from Parson 
French. In a sermon which so gratified the majority of his 
congregation that they requested its publication, he describes 
one of these men who are making money out of the sufferings 
of their brethren. He imagines the extortioner's prayer : — 

"Let his professions be what they may, to be consistent with 
himself, his prayers, if he ever does pray, must be something like 
this : — 

" O thou Sovran Lord of the Universe, accept of a tribute of 
thanks from thy professing worthy servant, who rejoices that thou 
hast permitted those public calamities which have given so happy 
an opportunity for the exercise of my unbounded avaricious lusts. 
I congratulate myself at what I have already accumulated by ex- 
torting from others. May my merchandise still prosper, or my 
husbandly increase, but may scarcity and want still be the fate of 
my country, and more and more abound. May the time speedily 
come, when I shall be able to buy the poor for silver, and the needy 
for a pair of shoes. May all my countrymen be brought low and I 
be made Lord over them. O satiate my ambitious avaricious de- 
sires, which are all as unbounded as the ocean, and give me, if 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 385 

possible, to live always; but if this may not be granted, though I 
cannot bear the thoughts of ever dying, and deprecate the horrible 
idea of parting with my possessions, yet when I can enjoy my 
earthly paradise no longer, then give me the largest portion in the 
paradise above," 

The town did all that was possible to provide for the neces- 
sities of the soldiers' families, to insure the payment of the 
soldiers' wages and provide for their better equipment and 
comfortable clothing. 

In 1779 they voted to authorize the committee for supply, 
ing the families of the soldiers in the Continental army "to 
hire money upon the Town's credit, and immediately procure 
the necessaries of life for the use of the aforesaid families." 

Also a committee was chosen to consult on measures to 
restore the credit of the currency and reduce the price of 
necessaries. 

The town also published a price list for " Innkeepers, La- 
bour, Teaming, and manufactures," and voted that " those 
who infringed should be considered enemies of the country, 
and dealt with accordingly." 

In July, 1779, it was voted *' that the town highly approves 
the attempts making to relieve the community of the embar- 
rassments from depreciation of the currency," and they au- 
thorize one or two of the Committee of Correspondence and 
Safety to meet with others in a convention at Concord. 

In July, 1780, it was voted in town meeting, of which Col. 
Samuel Johnson was moderator, "to provide for the three 
months enlisted soldiers, give obligations for their State pay^ 
& hire money on the town's credit." 

In December, 1780, it was recommended by the committee 
that " the Town do hereby engage to every able-bodied, effect- 
ive man that shall Inlist, that in case the monthly pay of 
forty shillings engaged by Congress, to be paid in money of 
the new emission, shall depreciate from its present value, 
which is to be considered as now equal to tjf of the same 
sum in coined silver, then the Town will fully make up such 
Depreciation at the expiration of each year's service. This 
was passed in the affirmative, unan." 

Tne records of the military service of 1779 and 1780 ar^ 



386 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



iew. They are mostly of duty near West Point. Capt. 
Stephen Abbot, in the nth Massachusetts Regiment, was 
at West Point, August, 1779, and then petitioned for sup- 
plies of clothing for soldiers. In the latter part of the year 
1780, after Arnold's treason, Capt. John Abbot's company 
were at West Point. They must have heard many a tale told 
at the camp-fires those autumn evenings about the traitor 
Arnold, and the unfortunate Andre. Following is a roll of 
Captain Abbot's company : — 

" A pay role of Capt. John Abbot's company., in Col. Nathaniel 
Wade's Regiment of Militia, for three months'" service ^ at West Point, 
agreeable to a resolve of the Great arid General Court of the Common- 
wealth, passed June 22, ij8o, lastJ' ^ 



John Abbot, Capt. 
Cyrus Marble, Lieut. 
Ephraim Clarke, Lieut. 
Ezekiel Wardwell, Sergt. 
John Johnson, 2 Sergt. 
WilliamWhitaker, 3 Sergt. 
Josiah Abbot, 4 Sergt. 
Peter Carlton, Corporal. 
Benj. Carlton, Corporal. 
Timothy Carlton, Corpl. 
Timothy Chales, C?) Corpl. 
Daniel Morse, Corporal. 
Daniel Granger, Drummer. 
Joseph Morse, Fifer. 
Abial Abbott. 
Ephraim Abbot. 
Nathl. Barker. 
Thomas Barker. 
John Blake. 
Daniel Blanchard. 



Thomas Blanchard. 
Jesse Barker. 
Toney Ballard. 
Thomas Clark. 
Israel Carlton. 
Simon Crosby. 
Jacob Descomb. 
John Fry. 
Peter Foster. 
Cesar Freeman. 
Wilm. Freeman. 
Asa French. 
March Farrington. 
Zebediah Holt. 
Jon". Holt. 
Simon Ingalls. 
Flecher Ingalls. 
"William Lovejoy. 
John Morrill. 
Abraham Moor. 



Alex'i''. Montgomery. 
Ebenezer Messer. 
John Nichols. 
Joseph Osgood. 
John Proctor. 
Elisha Parker. 
Stephen Parker. 
Aaron Parker. 
Jacob Russell. 
Zacher*^. Stevens. 
Caleb Styrdevan. 
Benj. Sargent. 
Jeremiah Stevens. 
Simeon Stevens. 
Simeon Towns. 
Abiel Wilson. 
Aaron Wood. 
James Williams. 
Willm. Webster. 
Eldad Prindale. (?) 



The following are some names of militia officers commis- 
sioned, which may be of interest, as they do not appear else- 
where on the rolls in the rank specified : — 

"May 13, 1778. Thomas Poor, Colonel to one of y*' Regiments 
destined for Peekskill.^ 

''Oct. 7, 1779. Timothy Abbot, 2"'^ Lieut.; John Frye, 2""^ 
Lieut. ; William Johnson, 2"*^ Lieut.* 

1 Time of service, three months, eleven days, from October 11, 1780 ; number 
of miles 220. 

2 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xvii., p. i. ^ Ibid., vol. xxviii., p. 40. 
* Jbid., vol. xxviii., p. 42. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 387 

" y///)' 3, 1780. William Johnson, i"' Lieut. 14I'' Company 4"' 
Regt." 1 

One of the memorable events of the year 1780, although 
not of a military character, may here be mentioned, for it was 
popularly believed to be a portent of military import, and 
even some of those who were not prone to vulgar supersti- 
tion almost believed that this might have some connection 
with the prophetic " last days," when there should be " wars 
and rumors of wars," distress and perplexity of nations. 

The "dark day," May 19th, was long remembered, and has 
been often described. The following description is compiled 
from the account of the Rev. Mr. French, of Andover : — 

On the morning of this dark day, at nine o'clock, the 
heavens were as dark as they are wont to be at the same 
hour of the evening. Candles were lighted, the brute crea- 
tion made ready for a new night's repose, apparently uncon- 
scious of the brief time since their last awaking, chickens 
went to roost, cattle came home from pasture, frogs peeped, 
night birds took the place of the songsters of day. A sort 
of superstitious horror brooded over the community. " The 
clouds put on a strange kind of brassy copper-color, and 
everything conspired to make the appearance exceedingly 
gloomy." Toward the latter part of the afternoon the dark- 
ness lifted somewhat, but it deepened with the night, and 
the evening was totally black, although this was at the full of 
the moon. " Concern and terror," says the Rev. Mr. French, 
"sat upon the faces of the people." But the gloom passed 
away with the night, and the business of life went on as 
usual. 

As after the gloom and oppression of the dark day, the 
sunlight came thrice welcome and beautiful, so after the long 
night of war broke the dawn of peace. Its harbinger, the 
glorious day of Yorktown, October 19, 1781, and the joy 
which hailed it, are described by an Andover young man, 
then a student in Harvard College, John Abbot (the son of 
Capt. John Abbot), subsequently Professor in Bowdoin Col- 
lege. In a letter to his younger brother, Ezra Abbot, at 

^ Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xxviii., p. 42. 



388 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Andover, dated Cambridge, November lo, 1781, he says, 
after speaking of the high prices and hard times, and the 
money which his winter supply of wood has cost him : — 

" We have had pretty general rejoicing here this week for the 
capture of Cornwallis. Last Monday morning 1 was awaked just 
at break of day by the ringing of all the bells. I sprang up, sup- 
posing that a fire had broke out, and after slipping on my clothes 
as soon as possible hastened down to assist the distressed, but was 
soon informed by those I inquired of that it was only a public re- 
joicing. They discharged 14 guns in the morning, 13 for the 
United States and i for the King of France ; the same number at 
noon and at night. 

" The town House and Braddishes were illuminated, a fire built 
upon the common, and double the above number of cannon were 
fired." 

No doubt the letter which answered this told of similar 
demonstrations at Andover. 

The service, during the remaining years of the war, of An- 
dover men was for the most part under captains not of their 
own townsmen. The soldiers were scattered about, as they 
were needed in different companies and regiments. Not a 
few slaves were sent into the service by their masters in the 
later years of the war. The following are some of the certif- 
icates of masters : — 

" This may certify that I, the subscriber, have sent a servant be- 
longing to me into the three years' service, named Peter Wallis, 
mustered by Colo. Samuel Johnson on the 22"'^ day of February 
last, being a soldier, to serve said term for class no. i in the North 
District in the Town of Andover, in Consideration of the sum of 
one hundred pounds Lawful money, to be paid me. 

Samuel Phillips." 
"Andover, June 17, 1781." 

"Andover, Apr.g, 1782. 

"Received of the class No. 5, in sd. Town, of which class No. 
5 in sd. Town Capt. Henry Abbot is appointed Chairman, the sum 
of Ninety Pounds for the service of my servant Boy, named Peter, 
who has engaged in the service of the United States of America 
for the term of three years, unless sooner discharged. 

Joshua Lovejoy." 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 389 

Also minors' wages were received by their fathers. The 
following is a curious receipt for pay of one young man's ser- 
vice : — 

" I, the Subscriber, have received of Mr. Samuel Herrick the 
sum of uine hundred and eighty dollars, fifty eight silver dollars, a 
noat containin one hundred & eighty-six dolers, and a Pare of sil- 
ver Bockels, which is in Full for my son, Richard Frost's hire for 
serven in the continental army for the said Samuel Herrick's class 
during the Present war Between the United States of America and 
Great Britain. per me Joseph Frost." 

"Andover, July 16, 1781. 

" Attest : Saml. Downing, 

Stephen Abbot." ^ 

The proclamation of peace, and the joy which it brought, 
are thus described by John Abbot, the Harvard student : — 

" Mollis Hall, May 29, 17S3. 
"Dear Brother, — Last Monday was kept by the town of 
Cambridge as a day of public rejoicing. The morning was ushered 
in by a discharge of cannon. An excellent oration was delivered 
by Mr. Thacher, & an anthem performed by the college choir. 
Large donations were given to prepare a public entertainment by 
several gentlemen in Town, particularly an ox at Mr. Fairweather's 
& an equal donation by Mr. Tom. Lee, which I supposed mounted 
to 70 or 80 dollars. In the evening there was a very curious col- 
lection of fire works of different kinds of construction. But with 
all these circumstances of parade & shew I could not but be heart- 
ily glad when it- was over, for such public days are always attended 
with jargon, noise, and confusion, which are always disagreeable 
&: disgustful to me." 

Amidst the rejoicings at the return of peace, an event oc- 
curred which was of melancholy interest throughout the 
country and especially at Andover, the scene of its occurrence- 
This was the sudden death of the patriot, James Otis, from a 
stroke of lightning. Mr. Otis had been for nearly two years 
a resident of Andover, living on the homestead of Mr. Jacob 
Osgood ^ in the West Parish of the town. He was suffering 
from a mental disturbance caused by a blow on the head in- 

1 Mass. Rev. Rolls, vol. xxxii., p. 425. 

- The early home of Rev. David Osgood, D. D. 



390 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

flicted by a political opponent, which forbade any violent ex- 
citement and made seclusion a necessity. He thought himself, 
at one time, to be quite restored, and wrote in his journal on 
Sunday : " I have this day attended divine service and heard 
a sensible discourse, and thanks be to God I now enjoy the 
greatest of all blessings mens sana in corpore sano!' But a 
visit to Boston and a dinner party at Governor Hancock's 
brought a return of his malady. After his return to Andover 
he expressed a foreboding of approaching death, although he 
was then in excellent physical health. He pointed out a spot 
under a clump of trees, where he would like to be buried, and 
said ^ with a little touch of humor that shone forth like a 
bright gleam in a tempestuous sky, " You know my grave 
would overlook all your fields and I could have an eye upon 
the boys and see if they minded their work." 

Six weeks after this, May 23, 1783, came his summons. 
A sudden shower had arisen and the family were within doors, 
gathered in the sitting-room watching the clouds and waiting 
for the rain to cease. Mr. Otis with his cane in one hand, 
stood leaning against the door which opened into the entry. 
He was in the act of telling a story when an explosion took 
place which seemed to shake the solid earth, and he fell, with- 
out a struggle or an exclamation, instantaneously dead. Mr. 
Osgood sprang forward and caught him as he fell. This flash 
was the only remarkable one. No other person was injured. 
The lightning did some damage to the house ; but " no mark 
of any kind could be found on Otis, nor was there the slight- 
est change or convulsion in his features." 

He had often expressed a wish that he might be struck by 
lightning. His death called forth many eulogies, orations, 
and poems. His biographer quotes some lines by the Hon, 
Thomas Dawes, " On the death of James Otis, killed by 
Lightning, at Andover, soon after the Peace of 1783." The 
following are the closing lines : — 

" Hark, the deep thunders echo round the skies. 
On wings of flame the eternal errand flies : 
One chosen charitable bolt is sped, 
And Otis mingles with the glorious dead." 

1 Life of James Otis, by William Tudor, 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 391 



Following are lists of the military and the civil officers of 
Andover in this period : — 

Alilitary Officers hi Set-vice in the Revolutionary War. 

Brigadier-general Joseph Captain Benjamin Ames. Captain Joshua Holt. 

Frye. Captain Henry Abbot. 

Colonel James Frye. Captain John Abbot. 

Colonel Samuel Johnson. Captain Stephen Abbot. 

Colonel Thomas Poor.i Captain John Adams. 

Major Samuel Osgood. Captain Benjamin Farnum. 

Adjutant-general Bimsley Captain Charles Furbush. 

Stevens. 



Captain Samuel Johnson. 
Captain John Peabody. 

Surgeon of ist Regt., Dr. 
Thomas Kittredge. 



Capt. Nathaniel Lovejoy's men were in service. No record 
of his being in field or camp has been found. 

A List of the Civil Officers of the Revolutionary Period. 

Second Quarter of the Towit's Second Century. 



REPRESENTATIVES TO THE GENERAL COURT. 



I77I 

1772 

1773 
1774 

1775 
1776 



1777- 
1778. 

1779- 
1780. 



Samuel Phillips, Esq. 
Samuel Phillips, Esq. 
Mr. Moody Bridges. 
Capt. Moody Bridges.^ 
Mr. Samuel Phillips, jr.^ 
Mr. Samuel Phillips. 
Capt. Joshua Holt. 
Samuel Osgood, Esq. 
Mr. Nehemiah Abbot. 
Col. Samuel Johnson. 
Col. Samuel Johnson. 
Mr. Samuel Phillips. 
Mr. Samuel Phillips, jr. 
Samuel Osgood, Esq. 
Col. Samuel Johnson. 
Capt. Joshua Holt. 



1781. 

1782 

1783 
17S4 
1785 
1786 
17S7 
178S 
1789 
1790 
1791 
1792 

1793 

to 

1800 



Capt. Peter Osgood. 
Capt. Joshua Holt. 
Capt. Joshua Holt. 
Joshua Holt, Esq. 
Hon. Samuel Osgood, Esq. 
Joshua Holt, Esq. 
Joshua Holt, Esq. 
Mr. Peter Osgood, junr. 
Capt. Peter Osgood. 
Capt. Peter Osgood. ^ 
Capt. Peter Osgood. 
Capt. Peter Osgood. 
Capt. Peter Osgood. 

> Joshua Holt, Esq. 



1780. Samuel Osgood, Esq. 

1781-1801. Samuel Phillips, jr., Esq. 



Senators. 



1 78 1. Hon. Samuel Osgood, Representative to Congress. 

1801. Samuel Phillips, Esq., Lieutenant-governor. 

1781-1798. Samuel Phillips, Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. 

1770. Thomas Bragg, Deputy Sheriff. 

1 Of Methuen in the latter part of his service. 

2 Provincial Congress, October, 1774. — March, 1775. Samuel Osgood. 

3 Provincial Congress, May, 1775. General Court, July. 



392 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AN DOVER. 

The heavy taxes and the drain upon pubhc and private re- 
sources in raising and equipping the soldiers made the hard- 
ships and embarrassments very great after the close of the 
war. But, notwithstanding all these, and the popular clamor 
in many quarters, the town of Andover stood iirm in opposi- 
tion to all temporary expedients and make-shifts for tiding 
over difficulties. Far-seeing and prudent, determined to en- 
dure all present evils in order to establish the government on 
a sure foundation, the town expressed in strong language its 
dissent from the views put forth by the more timid and time- 
serving : — 

" 1785, Oct. 17. Whereas it has been said that a neighboring 
town has lately, by a public vote, expressed a disposition for a 
Paper currency. 

" Voted, that Joshua Holt, Esq., be and he is hereby instructed 
in case any motion shall be made in the General Court for intro- 
ducing a paper medium, vigorously and perseveringly to oppose 
the same as being a measure calculated, in our opinion, to promote 
idleness, dissipation, and dishonesty, and by destroying the morals 
of the people to bring on the ruin of the Commonwealth." 

In December, 1786, the disaffection which had been spread- 
ing through the community broke out in Western Massachu- 
setts in an armed insurrection. This found sympathizers and 
abettors in individual towns in the more eastern sections of 
the State. But although the town of Andover recognized the 
causes of complaint, and that there were " grievances " that 
demanded attention and encroachments that all good citizens 
ought to guard against, they declared it to be their opinion 
that these should be met in a regular and constitutional way. 
They accordingly chose (September, 1786), a committee to 
report on proper measures " to promote the general welfare 
and state what upon due deliberation appear to be grievances." 

This committee consisted of Hon. Samuel Phillips, Esq., 
Capt. Nehemiah Abbot, Capt. Peter Osgood, Mr. Moody 
Bridges, Mr. Philemon Chandler, Mr. Nehemiah Abbot, Capt, 
Moses Abbot, Capt. John Abbot, Jr., Mr. Samuel Chickering, 
Jr., Lieut. Benjamin Poor, Capt. Jonathan Abbot, Lieut. Oli- 
ver Peabody, Lieut. John Ingalls, and Col. Samuel Johnson. 
The report of this committee specified among the grievances 
and causes of complaint : — 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 393 

"The method commonly practised in our Courts of Common 
Pleas for recovering debts, it being needlessly expensive." 

" The method of paying the Representatives out of the public 
treasury lays an unequal burden on many parts of the State, which 
might be alleviated by each town paying their own Representa- 
tives." 

They also recommend a " thorough looking into " the sal- 
aries of public officers, and express their belief that the re- 
moval of the General Court out of the town of Boston would 
greatly lessen the expense of the government. They further- 
more state that " we conceive it matter of just complaint that 
the accounts of the United States with the Commonwealth 
are not adjusted." 

Still, whatever may be the " grievous acts of the Legisla- 
ture," and however the town may deem it " the duty of a free 
and virtuous people at all times to keep a watchful eye against 
all encroachments upon their dear-bought rights, they depre- 
cate all contentions and unconstitutional opposition to Gov- 
ernment." They make the following dignified and yet deter- 
mined utterance : — 

"We esteem it our duty, at the present da)^ to bear our explicit 
testimony against all riotous and illegal proceedings and against all 
hostile attempts and menaces against law, justice, and good gov- 
ernment, and to declare our readiness to exert ourselves in support 
of Government and the excellent Constitution of this Common- 
wealth. But at the same time we suppose there are many things 
complained of which ought to be remedied ; and it is our desire 
that every grievance may be in a constitutional way redressed." 

Then follows the statement of grievances as above quoted. 

" Voted, that the foregoing report be accepted by the town and 
transmitted to Joshua Holt, Esq., as the sentiment of the town, re- 
questing his influence in the General Court that the same may be 
remedied." 

Subsequently, in January, 1787, the town voted that the 
account rendered by the General Court to the people of the 
expenditure of the public money was " explicit, full, and sat- 
isfactory." Meanwhile, the militia of the eastern counties, 
under General Lincoln, was called for to suppress Shays's 
Rebellion, and Andover soldiers were again mustered into 



394 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

service. It is not necessary to attempt a detailed account of 
the military operations and the part of Andover. The fol- 
lowing incidental minutes are found in the town records : — 

" 17S7, May 3. An order to pay Capt. Samuel Johnson in part 
for his slay going to Worcester to carry provisions for the men that 
were detailed to suppress the insurgents." 

" To pay Timothy Johnson for his slay going to Worcester." 
" To pay Joseph Stevens for sundries delivered to the town for 
the use of the soldiers detailed under Genl. Lincoln to suppress 
the Insurrection in the western counties in the year 1787." 

Although the insurrection was suppressed, there was still 
a strong sympathy with the discontent which had led to it, 
in many quarters, and not a few of the country towns ex- 
pressed great dissatisfaction with the administration of the 
State government. The evils complained of were principally, 
says Hildreth, the "extortions of the lawyers, the aristocratic 
character of the Senate, the high salary of the governor, the 
sessions of the General Court in Boston, the refusal to issue 
paper money, and especially the recent grant .... conceded 
to Congress as a means of paying the interest on the federal 
debt." A convention of delegates of thirty-seven towns had 
discussed these grievances before the resort to arms. With 
this spirit of rebellion, Andover, as has been before said, had 
no sympathy. Prominent for his moderation and just coun- 
sels was the Hon. Samuel Phillips, Jr., President of the 
Senate, and his action and counsels were always acceptable to 
his constituents at Andover. The mind of the town was 
expressed in the following instructions to their representative 
to the General Court : — 

" yune 4, 1787. To Mr. Peter Osgood, Junr., Representative 
for the Town of Andover. 

'''■Sir: — The Town by choosing you for their Representative 
have expressed that confidence in your abihty & Integrity which 
supersede the necessity of any particular directions in conducting 
the common and ordinary concerns of Government, but they have 
thought in compliance with your desire to give you Instructions on 
certain subjects of principal Importance. 

"In the first place you will exert your influence to retrieve and 
preserve the public credit, and bearing in mind that this is the 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 395 

foundation of a people's reputation & prosperity and safety. The 
evils which arise from the stagnation of a circulating medium will 
claim your serious attention, and as this is the most probable 
means to remove them, you will endeavor that the minds of the 
people be freed from all apprehensions of a probability of a paper 
medium, as an emission of such a medium would powerfully tend 
to encourage Idleness, Dissipation e^ Extravagance, Overreaching, 
Uneasiness, Jealousies, Contentions, and would in its consequences 
endanger the peace and safety of the commonwealth," etc. 

He is instructed to favor the removal of the General Court 
from Boston, "but not into any County where there has been 
an open Insurrection," and to favor clothing the Federal Gov- 
ernment with greater power. 

Concerning the true character of the insurrection and the 
temper of the insurgents, the town of Andover had means of 
accurate knowledge. Judge Phillips had, as one of the com- 
mission to treat with the disaffected, spent a month in the 
discontented counties, and gained full information respecting 
the aims and plans of the chief conspirators. It was not, 
however, without obloquy that our distinguished townsman 
performed this duty. ' The feeling created by his service as 
Commissioner^ caused his losing the nomination as one of 
the Senatorial candidates for the year 1787. But the decline 
of popularity was only temporary. The following year he 
was reinstated as President of the Senate. The anxiety felt 
by his fellow-citizens and by his family for his success in the 
hazardous duty of Commissioner was great. A letter of 
Madam Phillips to him breathes the spirit of patriotism which 
animated the people, the women as well as the men, of An- 
dover, at the trying time : — 

"■ April 2), 1787." I feel exceedingly for you, judging you must 
be anxious on account of the aspect of public affairs, which is 
truly alarming, but I trust you will not suffer your thoughts to make 
long visits to your family. I wish you to exert every faculty for the 
public good. I sincerely wish the Divine blessing may attend your 
consultations. I am very willing to make any sacrifice, might tran- 
quillity be restored to our deluded States. Heaven only knows 
when it will end." 

1 Taylor's Life of Judge Phillips. 2 /^;V/. 



396 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

The town of Andover had expressed the opinion " that the 
Federal Government ought to be clothed with more power." 
This was the conclusion to which the logic of events had 
been pushing thoughtful minds. Public attention had been 
for some time directed to the consideration of measures 
which would at least confer power upon the Federal Gov- 
ernment sufficient for self-preservation. 

In May, 1787, a convention of delegates met at Phila- 
delphia to revise the Articles of Confederation, and they drew 
up a form of Constitution, which was to be submitted to the 
States for their adoption or rejection. A convention was 
called by the Legislature of Massachusetts, to meet in Bos- 
ton, January 9, 1788. The history of this Convention, and 
the important part taken in it by one of the delegates from 
Andover, has been written in a memorial^ tribute to the 
first lawyer of Andover by the oldest lawyer of the town 
now living. To this eloquent tribute and accurate history 
nothing need here be added. From it the following facts 
are mainly compiled. The town of Andover chose to rep- 
resent it in the Convention three delegates. Dr. Thomas 
Kittredge, Peter Osgood, Jr., and William Symmes, Esq. 
The sentiment of the town, like that of all the delegates, was 
opposed to the form of the Constitution. Among the papers^ 
of Mr. William Symmes is a copy of a letter from him to 
Capt. Peter Osgood, giving his "reasons for objecting to 
the F'ederal Constitution." It is dated November 15, 1787, 
within sixty days after the adoption of the report of the Con- 
stitution at Philadelphia, and was, says Mr. Hazen, " prob- 
ably the earliest review made of the entire instrument." This 
letter of considerable length discusses the objectionable parts 
of the Constitution, but, nevertheless, exhibits a candid spirit, 
and free from prejudice, and concludes with an exhortation 
to " equally shun a hasty acceptance or a precipitate rejec- 
tion." 

Indeed it is true that some of the most conscientious and 
careful thinkers were in doubt as to the wisest action, while 

1 Memorial Discourse on William Symmes, Esq., by Nathan W. Hazen. 
— Historical Collections of the Essex Institute, i860. 
^ See Me7norial of William Sy?nmes, Esq. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 397 

some, on the other hand, were clear and decided in their con- 
victions. After Hstening to the debates, Mr. Symmes be- 
came convinced that the Constitution ought to be adopted, 
and, although he had at first given his voice against it, he 
spol<e a second time strongly in its favor. In his first speech 
he made the following statement : — 

" Sir, — I will not dishonor my constituents by supposing that 
they expect me to resist that which is irresistible — the force of 
reason. No, sir, my constituents wish for a firm, efficient conti- 
nental government ; but fear the operation of this which is now 
proposed. Let them be convinced that their fears are groundless, 
and I venture to promise in their name that no town in the Com- 
monwealth will sooner approve the form or be better subjects un- 
der it." 

This speech was made on the 22d of January. The sub- 
ject was warmly and ably discussed, Mr. Theophilus Par- 
sons and Colonel Varnum replying to Mr. Symmes, On the 
30th, Mr. Parsons moved that the Convention do assent to 
and ratify the Constitution. The vote was, however, deferred. 
Governor Hancock expressed himself in favor of the adoption, 
moving some amendments, and several members who had at 
first opposed the adoption, gradually changed their opinion. 
At Andover, January 31st, a town meeting was held "for 
the purpose of expressing the sentiments of the inhabitants 
on the subject of the Federal Constitution." It is not im- 
probable that the town had received information of the change 
of sentiment in the Convention, and that Mr. Symmes now 
favored the adoption of the Constitution. The question be- 
ing put to vote, " Whether it is the opinion of the town that 
it be expedient, all circumstances considered, that the Fed- 
eral Constitution now under the consideration of the Con- 
vention, sitting at Boston for the purpose of considering the 
same, be adopted as it now stands." One hundred and fif- 
teen voted in the affirmative, one hundred and twenty-four 
in the negative. This vote showed a decided change in the 
sentiment of the town. There was, however, a unanimous 
vote not to give any instructions to the delegates. 

On the 6th of February Mr. Symmes, in a speech to the 
Convention, avowed his change of conviction, made a strong 



398 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

argument in favor of the adoption, concluding with an asser- 
tion of his conscientiousness in the change of sentiment : — 

" In so doing I stand acquitted to my own conscience. I hope 
and trust I shall to my constituents, and know I shall before 
God." 

The vote of the members from Essex County was 38 yeas 
and 6 nays, the largest vote, in favor of the constitution, of 
any county, both numerically and in proportion to the whole 
number of votes. The vote of the Convention was : yeas, 
187 ; nays, 168. 

Mr. Symmes's biographer has no doubt that this majority 
of the Convention was largely due to the moral effect of his 
fearless avowal of his change of conviction. 

Whatever the effect of Mr. Symmes's action, there can be 
no doubt as to its motives. He yielded to the force of argu- 
ment, and dared to take a stand which he knew would expose 
him to the censures, if not to the suspicion of some of his 
townsmen. Says Mr. Hazen : " He knew that the majority 
of those who sent him there had recorded his condemnation 
in advance. It does not appear that he expected or concili- 
ated favor from their minority. It is certain that he received 
none ; he could receive none. If he had had from them a 
popular nomination, an appointment, or even professional 
patronage, it might have brought suspicion upon his integ- 
rity. But the sacrifice was complete. For the time he lost 

all and gained nothing He now stands before us 

a patriot above suspicion, — a great man, who in the ardor of 
youth, full of abilities, with a capacity proved fitted for the 
highest posts, yet repelling at once the counsellings of self- 
ishness and the promptings of ambition, surrendering his 
chosen prospects in life, the hope to acquire wealth and 
honor in his native town, for the sake of the people, the 
whole people, and expecting for it all no reward but in his 
own consciousness and in the approval and gratitude of who- 
ever should stand where we do witnesses of the entire suc- 
cess of the Union and Constitution then formed." 

We may accord with the estimate of Mr. Symmes's char- 
acter and yet see how his townsmen, and especially his col- 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 399 

leagues, the delegates to the Convention, would regard him 
with suspicion. He had taken side with the winning party, 
and his motives would, as a matter of course, be impugned. 
He had dissented, being a young man, from opinions held by 
his colleagues, old and tried counsellors of the community, 
and his opinions had triumphed. It could not be possible 
that he should at once regain their confidence. He was 
keenly sensitive and the more so, doubtless, that he knew 
the purity of his motives. At any rate he found his position 
in the town so uncomfortable that he removed and settled in 
Portland, where he rose to high rank among the lawyers of 
the Cumberland bar. 

The ratification of the Constitution by the other States, the 
election of General Washington as President, and the events 
of his admin istration,! are familiar to all readers. Under 
this administration Mr. Samuel Osgood was appointed Post- 
master-general. He had held for the four years previous 
the office of " Commissioner of the Treasury." In regard 
to his selection by the President as Postmaster-general he 
writes in his autobiographical memoranda: — 

" It was not expected that he should have had any office offered 
him, he having been opposed for a time to an uncjualified adoption 
of the new Constitution. Parties being highly exasperated, those 
who had exerted themselves in procuring the adoption of the new 
Constitution were to be rewarded ^ with all the offices. But Gen- 
eral Washington had been well acquainted with him from the com- 
mencement of the war, and offered him the Postmaster General's 
department, which he accepted and held for about two years at a sal- 
ary of $1500 a year. He had been encouraged to believe that this 
would be increased, but seeing no prospect of it he resigned, and 
continued in private life till the year 1800." .... 

Before his appointment as Postmaster-general, Mr. Os- 
good had removed to the city of New York, and his history ^ 

1 It is not intended to include in this chapter the enterprises of his adminis- 
tration, but merely to conclude those of the Revolutionary period. 

2 This indicates the feeling towards Mr. Symmes. 

3 Mr. Osgood had no children by his first wife. By his second wife, Martha 
Franklin, he had four daughters and a son, Walter Franklin Osgood. One of 
the daughters was married to the Hon. Mr. Genet, French Minister at Wash- 
ington. 



400 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

henceforth ceases to be intimately connected with that of 
Andover. 

An interesting relic ^ of this period, and one which shows 
some of the practical difificulties in the workings of the new 
government, is found in a letter of Thomas Houghton (the 
partner of Mr. Phillips in paper-making), 1792, in regard to 
his son's bearing arms in the State militia. Mr. Hough- 
ton was an Englishman, of Quaker bringing-up, and there- 
fore had special objection to military service. He came to 
America in 1789. 

" Sir, — The present is to request the favor of you to return me 
the paper I put into your hands containing some reasons for not 
letting my son carry arms in the militia of the state. I some time 
ago had some talk with Cap. Poor on the subject. He assured me 
that he acted in that affair exactly agreeable both to the Militia 
Laws of the State, and also what had been constantly practised to- 
wards all foreigners ; on my expressing very great surprise, he 
asked if I had seen the Militia Laws. I replied no ; neither did I 
wish to see them, for if they were such as he represented them they 
took away the Rights of Man which the Americans so much boasted 
of; and I further remarked that if the militia laws of this state 
gave the militia officers such power as he conceived, and had at- 
tempted to enforce, it was a disgrace to the country, for the Mas- 
sachusetts boasted that on the late enumerations it had not any 
slaves in it, yet the fact was not truly stated, for every foreigner 
compelled to carry arms contrary to his inclination, and perhaps 
forced to use them against his native country, was a slave in the 
very worst of situations that human nature could be placed in, even 
worse than what the negros experience in the West Indies, however 
the Americans might pride themselves on the full liberty said by 
them to be enjoyed by. every resident inhabitant in their happy 
country. Its true the negroes suffer great hardships in their bodies, 
but then their minds are free, but here on a foreigner's being forced 
to perform military duty his mind must be continually on the rack 
by not knowing the service he may be forced to act in. Perhaps 
it may be against his nearest and dearest relatives ; if so, what sig- 
nifies the pain of the body to what a sensitive mind must feel at 
such a period ! " etc. 

Shortly after General Washington's inauguration, he made 

1 Phillips Papers. 




_ . . ^ ^■<^sidiM 



MANSION HOUSE OF JUDGE PHILLIPS- 




ABBOT'S TAVERN, 
lll'/ifre Gciie7-al Washinglon breakfasted yovemher ^^ ijSqA 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 4OI 

a tour of the Eastern States, visiting Andover on his return 
from New Hampshire, on his way from Haverhill to Lexing- 
ton. His visit to Andover is thus described by the biogra- 
pher of Judge Phillips : "Thursday morning (November 5th) 
he drove early to Andover, and breakfasted at Deacon Isaac 
Abbot's tavern, in the house now owned ^ by Hon. Amos 
Abbot. Here, as he stood in front of the house, some of our 
most aged citizens remember to have seen him. 

" While tarrying here, he asked the little daughter of Dea- 
con Abbot to mend his riding-glove for him ; and when she 
had done it, took her upon his knee and gave her a kiss, 
which so elated Miss Priscilla that she would not allow her 
face to be washed again for a week." 

General Washington was the guest of Judge Phillips at the 
mansion-house, where he met some of the principal citizens. 
He received the salutations of the people, as he sat on horse- 
back on the common, near the mansion-house. 

From Andover he went to Lexington by way of Billerica. 

This visit to Andover, General Washington himself briefly 
described 2 in his journal : — 

" Thursday, ^th November, 1789. About sunrise I set out, cross- 
ing the Merrimack river at the town over to the township of Brad- 
ford, and in nine miles came to Abbot's tavern, Andover, where we 
breakfasted and met with much attention from Mr. Phillips, Presi- 
dent of the Senate of Massachusetts, who accompanied us through 
Billarike to Lexington, where I dined and viewed the spot on 
which the first blood was spilt in the dispute with Great Britain on 
the igth of April, 1775." • • • • 

General Washington remarked on the beautiful scenery 
and fine cultivation of the country. 

Another distinguished tourist, the Marquis de Chastellux, 
who visited Andover some years before (1782 -1783), also 
bore witness to the beauty of its scenery and its cultivated 
farms : — 

" Nous ^ traversames South & North Andover. North Parish 

1 This house is now owned by Mr. Samuel Locke. 

2 Waskitigton's Private Diaries, Lossing. 

3 " We passed through South and North Andover (or, if you prefer to call it 
so, North Parish). North Andover is a charming place. Here are seen beautiful 

26 



402 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ou, s'il on vent, North Andover est un endroit charmant. On y voit 
de ties jolies maisons & en grande quantite, beaucoup de prairies 
& des bestieaux de la plus belle espece." 

An interesting description of Andover at this period is 
given in letters of the Englishman, Thomas Houghton, who 
came here to engage in the business of paper-making with 
Mr. Phillips. Although this, in a measure, anticipates and 
trenches upon the topics assigned to a future chapter on the 
history of the town's industries, it may be introduced at this 
point to give a general view of the state of things at the close 
of the Revolutionary period : — 

" Andover, April 21, 1789. 

"I am now at Andover, about 22 miles nearly east from Boston. 
I am at the house of the Hon'''^ Saml. Phillip, junior, Esq., pres. 
of the Senate, one of the Judges in this State, a creditable well 
regulated family, and here I purpose staying some time, having 
agreed with this Gentleman to go into partnership in manufactur- 
ing of paper." ^ 

After many statistics in regard to the country, its indus- 
tries, etc., he speaks of the spirit of equality that prevails : — 

" I must confess freedom is carried to what I think is too great 
a pitch. Here is very little subordination. All hold themselves 
equal in nature, & to call a Man or woman a Servant is deemed a 
very great affront. Even Judge Phillips addresses his servant men 
by the appellation of Mr. such a one, & ' pray Mr. Such a one do 
so & so, or don't you think it best to do so & so." The reply in 
general is, ' Yes, sir, I conceive it is.' You must move y'' Hatt to 
every one you meet and have any acquaintance with, and take them 
by the hand & ask how they do, also enquire after the family. 
Women are addressed in a style pretty equal to the men. One 
thing I must observe which I think wants rectifying, that is their 
pluming pride when adjoined to apparent poverty, no uncommon 
case." 

Speaking of the comparative population in America and 
England, he says : — 

" The country, all where I have been, is well settled, & I think 
as thick of inhabitants as Lincoln in England, in general good 

houses, and in great numbers, many fields and cattle of the finest kind." — 
Voyage en Amerique. 
1 Statements as to the mill, etc., reserved for the chapter on Manufactures. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 403 

houses. Here is two places of worship in this Town. Such places 
are called chapels : those at this place, much larger than Raisin 
Church, are generally well filled with genteel people, who dress 
entirely after the English fashion. They are very sensible of the 
impropriety of wearing & using European commodities, but cus- 
tom and habit are bad to get over all at once ; however the Rich 
& great strive by example to convince the populace of their error 
by growing their own Flax, having some one in the family to dress 
it, & all the females spin, several weave & Bleach the Linen. They 
also grow their own beef, pork & mutton, consequently their own 
wool, which they also get spun, weaved, & dyed, & both the Gen- 
tleman I am with & his father, who is a Justice of Peace, generally 
appear in their own manufacture in imitation of the British." . . , .' 

As to the laborious habits and general appearance of the 
farmers, he says : — 

" I assure you they don't appear to me to work hard, but I am 
told they live well ; however they appear very civil, decent, well 
instructed people, possest with a spirit of Religion. On Sundays 
they keep very close, except when at publick worship, which is 
forenoon and afternoon, and perhaps in the evening, at home read- 
ing to one another when not called to family prayers, in singing of 
Watts' Psalms & Hymns. I am told a publickan would have his 
license taken from him & be also fined if he was to suffer tippling 
on the Lord's day. These are regulations worthy of example, but 
I don't by any means intend to insinuate that the people are per- 
fect here any more than in England, only it appears to me they 
shew fewer public vices. As to property it seems so well secured 
from principle in the people that here is not such use of Locks & 
Bolts as in England. Even where I am we have five out Doors & 
sixty-two Sash windows ; yet all the barage on the doors is a wood 
catch on the door snek. At the time of fruit being ready I am told 
there is no occasion to rob orchards, for here is plenty of apple 
trees by the road-side whose branches hang into the road & in a 
manner invite the traveler to taste." 

There are many statistics of the progress of the country, 
its industries and resources, and the writer thus comments 
on the loss to England of such colonies : — 

" O what a country has Britain lost by her folly ; but this is too 
large a field to dwell on in a letter, the subject from even poor me 
would easily draw forth a volume. Suffice it is that even now 



404 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

though they glory in their independence, & speak of the cruelties 
inflicted on them with the utmost freedom & even abhorrence, yet 
the name of an Old England man softens them instantly, but the 
accounts of cruelty that I have been made acquainted with were 
enough to shake the allegiance of any people, possest as they were 
of an extensive country full of resources to enable the inhabitants 
to be their own Legislators. They have obtained it, and past in- 
juries keep up the present spirit of the nation, but they are already 
so clogged with taxes that thousands sigh on remembering the 
times they enjoyed formerly under the British government at the 
time of the peace of Paris. They have now a federal Constitution. 
The members are at this time sitting at New York, and have al- 
most converted the Constitution into a monarchy, having their 
president, upper house, & lower house, with the speakers, &c. The 
populace expects redress of every grievance, & their Spirit will be 
greatly hurt when they find by experience their expectations dis- 
appointed ; and disappointed they must be for some time, for this 
Country labors under evils that will require great wisdom to re- 
move, the principal of which I conceive arises from a want of spe- 
cie. The war brought them plenty of Cash & introduced foreign 
luxuries ; the cash is gone to pay for such luxuries, and they have 
not a surplus of exports to bring in either cash or goods equal to 
the demand that such luxuries call for, & yet the Rage for finery 
of every kind seems almost as great as ever. I believe the popu- 
lace think Congress can call down Gold out of the clouds to en- 
able them to answer every demand." 

Allusion has been made to the use of home manufactures 
for clothing. The town had taken action on the matter in 
1787, and voted to encourage home manufactures as one 
means of alleviating the distress then prevailing, and light- 
ening the burdens of taxation. Every one familiar with the 
portraits of the period knows that great elegance in dress 
had prevailed among the wealthier classes after the Revolu- 
tion. One need not go out of Andover to find pictures and 
actual relics also of these rich but quaint costumes, — three- 
cornered hats, flowered satin waistcoats, velvet coats, silken 
hose, silver knee-buckles, ruffled shirt bosoms ; and in 
women's attire, brocades and laces, spangled slippers, huge 
tortoise-shell combs. From the gilded frames in the ancient 
mansions and libraries, the calm, beautiful faces of the women, 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 405 

and the grave, dignified men, by the painter's art, glorified 
into their noblest selves, look down upon us, and show the 
present generation what their ancestors were when only the 
rich and great had likenesses taken, and when few artists 
except masters were thought competent to the work of por- 
trait-painting. Then the few had Stuarts and Copleys. 
The popular likeness of those times was the profile, the black 
silhouette. These are familiar to all the visitors at old coun- 
try homesteads, the grandfather's queue and the grand- 
mother's high, rufifled cap effectively displayed in companion- 
frames, facing each other over the mantel, in the " best 
parlor " or " spare chamber." 

Not to dwell too long upon the customs of this period, we 
must pass, but not without allusion, to one of its characteris- 
tic institutions, the public house, or tavern, and the stage- 
coach. 

Travelling had undergone essential changes in the century. 
People, in 1789, were no doubt wont to look back a hundred 
years, and regarding the primitive modes of journeying of 
their ancestors, on horseback or in lumbering cart, or tum- 
bril, congratulate themselves on the wonderful progress of 
the century which had substituted for the saddle and the pil- 
lion for long journeys the wonderful modern convenience of 
the stage-coach. It is true that there had been for a long 
time in use chaises and " chariots " for private journeying ; 
but the great public stage was a comparatively new invention 
in the Revolutionary period. In 1781, a stage ran from Bos- 
ton to Portsmouth. In 1776, a stage had long run ^ past Mr. 
Isaac Abbot's house at Andover, though to and from what 
places has not been ascertained. 

Mr. Abbot petitioned the General Court at that time to be 
allowed to keep a house of public entertainment, since the 
house near him had been closed and he had been subjected 
to no small inconvenience from applications of passengers 
for refreshment, his house being " near the old stage " road. 

This petition also speaks of the " extraordinary travel 
which is rendered necessary by means of the army before 
Boston," 

1 Mass. Archives, vol. ccviii., p. 180. 



406 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

This gives us a hint of what was then the condition of 
things, as it had been during the old French War : journeys 
hither and thither of troops, the quiet of the country village 
and tavern suddenly broken by the arrival of militia, or Conti- 
nental troops, hungry mouths to be fed, tired bodies to be re- 
freshed, or wounded and sick to be soothed and cared for, 
jaded horses to be rubbed down and fed with the best the 
stable afforded ; General and Colonel and Captain to be 
served in the best room and subordinates at the kitchen fire ; 
great demands upon the stores of wine and strong liquors, 
and clouds of tobacco smoke ; and wonderful stories and ad- 
ventures related to the astonishment of village rustics. There 
was at Andover, moreover, the arrival of visitors to the new 
school, the eminent men of the time, coming to place here 
their sons to be educated for the great responsibilities to fall 
upon them as citizens of the new Republic. The ancient 
stage-coach that lumbered up to Andover houses of enter- 
tainment and rolled off once or twice a week would, if its his- 
tory were traced from the beginning and all the visitors it 
brought and carried away were chronicled, make a volume of 
no common interest. 

" Who, in these days when all things go by steam, 
Recalls the stage-coach with its four-horse team ? 
Its sturdy driver, — who remembers him ? 
Or the old landlord, saturnine and grim, 
Who left our hill-top for a new abode 
And reared his sign-post farther down the road ? " ^ 

During the Revolutionary period there were public houses 
{besides that of Isaac Abbot), of Col. James Frye, Isaac Blunt, 
Hezekiah Ballard, Capt. Asa Foster, and later those of Benja- 
min Ames, Bimsley Stevens, and Ebenezer Poor. The opinion 
of the Marquis de Chastellux was not flattering in respect to 
the inn at which he stayed : " Une mauvaise auberge tenue 
par un homme nomme Foster : nous nous contentames de 
faire repaitre nos chevaux dans ce mauvais cabaret." ^ 

The post rider at this time was a person of no small con- 
sequence in public estimation and his own. He rode on 

1 The School Boy, O. W. Holmes. 

2 "A wretched inn kept by a man named Foster. We were glad to do no 
more than feed our horses in this miserable ,tavern." 



AN DOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 407 

horseback "post-haste" equipped with saddle-bags and a 
horn which announced his approach. Letters were often 
sent by private conveyance. Many have been found in An- 
dover thus sent with the names of the bearers, who did the 
favor or "honored" them "in conveyance," as distinguished 
travellers on business to the city did not scorn to do for hum- 
ble friends. In 1775, a post rider was established between 
Boston and Haverhill and a post office at the latter place. 
Letters for Andover people were often advertised in the post 
office at Haverhill. In 1780 Samuel Bean, a post rider, car- 
ried the " Independent Chronicle " from Boston to London- 
derry. Doubtless he came through Andover, then, as he did 
ten years later. His advertisement in the " Chronicle " of 
February 17, 1780, is a curious illustration of the customs of 
the time : — 

" Samuel Bean, Post Rider from Boston to Londonderry, informs 
his customers that the time for which he engaged to ride expires 
the last week in this month. He purposes to ride another Quar- 
ter, which will begin the first week in March. The Price will be 16 
dollars in Cash or half a bushel of Rye or three Pecks of Indian 
Corn for three months, which is as cheap as they were before the 
war. As there are about a Hundred, exclusive of those who agreed 
to pay him in Grain who had the paper the last quarter^ and have 
not yet paid him, he hopes they will settle the same immediately. 
He would also inform them that if they are not more punctual in 
Payment he must quit riding at the end of the ensuing Quarter. 
As it is uncertain what Number of Papers to engage for with the 
Printer, he hopes all who intend to become Subscribers will imme- 
diately give in their names. 

" P. S. If the weather should be bad or anything shall happen so 
as to prevent his riding the first week, he intends on the second 
week to carry two weeks' papers, and the Quarter to begin from the 
first week in order that his subscribers may receive the whole of 
Col. Allen's narrative." 

Another relic of the travel in Andover, in 1780, is found 
in an advertisement of the " Independent Chronicle " of Feb- 
ruary 10 : — 

" Lost on the 28th ult., between Mr. Abbot's and Deacon Bal- 
lard's taverns, in Andover, a Pinch-Beck WATCH with two cases, 
^ Several copies are found in Andover. 



408 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the outside case, Tortois-shell, with a braded worsted string in lieu 
of a chain. Whoever has found said watch and will leave it at 
either of the above taverns shall have Fifty Dollars Reward. 
" Hampstead, Feb. 3, 1780." MoSES JOHNSON." 

There v^ere, during this period, several stores at Andover, 
the principal one being that of Judge Phillips, in the South 
Parish, near his mansion house ; also one of Mr. Zebadiah 
Abbot. The only manufactories were those owned by Mr. 
Phillips, the powder mill and paper mill, at the present site 
of the "Andover Mills "^ on the Shawshin. 

The Phillips Academy was established in 1778, and the 
town Grammar and District Schools were kept up with more 
or less regularity. The two churches were crowded on Sun- 
days and weekly lecture-days. There was a social library in 
the North Parish, and, on the whole, the town of Andover 
was as flourishing as any inland town of the Commonwealth. 
The civil and municipal history, after the adoption of the 
Federal Constitution, it is not our present purpose to con- 
sider. This summary will serve to outline the general aspect 
of things from the beginning of the Revolution to the dawn 
of the new era of the United States Government. 

The death of General Washington (in December, 1799) 
caused a profound sensation at Andover, where he was per- 
sonally known and revered by so many citizens. The anni- 
versary of his birth-day, the following February 22d, was se- 
lected as a fitting time to pronounce a eulogy. The follow- 
ing indicates the action of the town : — 

" yan. 22, 1800. Warrant for a town meeting to see what 
method the town will adopt for the purpose recommended by the 
people of the United States by the President in his Proclamation 
upon the Resolve of the Congress of the said United States of 
the 6"^ day of January, and in publickly testifying their Grief for 
the Death of General George Washington by suitable Eulogies, 
Orations, or Discourses, or by publick prayers on the 22"*^ day of 
February next 

^"^ Voted, to assemble together as a Town on Saturday, the 22"'* 
day of February next for the purpose recommended. To meet at 
the North meeting-House. To choose a committee of arrange- 

1 Marland Mills. 



ANDOVER IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 409 

merits. Mr. William Symmes. the Rev. Jonathan French, Mr. Ne- 
hemiah Abbot, Mr. John Phillips, Nathan Lovejoy, Doc*^ Thomas 
Kittredo^e, Captain Henry Abbot, Deacon Benjamin Farnum, Mr. 
Mark Newman, Major Samuel Johnson, Cap. Zebadiah Holt, to 
make arrangements upon this melancholy occasion." 

On the 22d the militia, with badges of mourning on their 
arms, marched to the beat of muffled drum to the meeting- 
house, where an eloquent eulogy was pronounced by the Hon. 
John Phillips, of North Andover. 

In this connection it is perhaps not unsuitable to record 
another funeral solemnity of scarcely less interest in the 
town, and, indeed, of more real grief to many individuals 
than that of the First President, General Washington. 

This was on the occasion of the death of the then Lieuten- 
ant-governor, " Judge Phillips," as he was known by his towns- 
men. He died Thursday, February 10, 1802. Funeral 
services were held at Boston and at Andover. The burial 
was at Andover, in the South Church Burying-ground. The 
Rev. Dr. Tappan preached a sermon in the South Meeting- 
house. The Rev. Mr. French made a prayer, and an appro- 
priate anthem was sung. The procession formed at the 
mansion-house, and walked to the burial-ground. First in 
the procession marched the students of Phillips Academy 
(present and past members), next the Trustees of the Phillips 
Academies at Andover and at Exeter, then came the bier. 
The pall-bearers were his Excellency the Governor, three of 
the Council, the President of the Senate, and Speaker of the 
House of Representatives. Then followed the family and 
relatives of the deceased, " and a very long train of mourning 
fellow-citizens." ^ 

Respecting these solemnities the biographer of Judge Phil- 
lips says : — 

" The immense concourse, the presence of so many distinguished 
civilians, the universal sensibility, and the impressive exercises with 
which her favorite son was then laid in his tomb made this a- most 
memorable day to Andover ; such as she had never seen before 
and will never see again." 

1 Compiled from contemporary accounts. 



CHAPTER VI. 

CHURCHES AND MINISTERS. CHURCH-YARDS, OR BURYING- 

GROUNDS. 

Of all the institutions of our forefathers, perhaps the most 
important, certainly the most characteristic, was the church. 
To its upbuilding they gave their best energies. Whatever 
else might thrive or perish, that must prosper, its work must 
go on. Whether the people lived in log-cabin or frame 
house, whether they built school-house or mill, whether they 
were few and feeble, or numerous and powerful, they failed 
not to build the house of God, and to meet regularly and 
often for the service of the sanctuary. They did not, indeed, 
expend time and money in church architecture, for the more 
these were absent, reasoned the Puritan, the more would the 
Holy Spirit be present to make his abode in the truer temple 
of the heart. Accordingly, the house of worship was simply 
the meeting-house, a convenient place for the people to as- 
semble, whether to hear sermons or transact town business. 

The first meeting-house of Andover is supposed to have 
stood near the " Old North Burying-ground ; " the English 
Church custom of gathering the graves of the dead about the 
place of prayer being retained by the colonists for at least 
forty years. When the meeting-house was built is unknown, 
but there is reason to believe that it was among the very 
first works of the town : — 

"At a lawful Town meeting the 3'^ of ffebruary, 1661, itt is or- 
dered ' that all first comers of inhabitants that have been at the 
charges of purchasing the plantation and building the minister's 
house, the mill and meeting house, For and in consideration thereof 
are allowed an acre and a halfe to every acre houselott of Low and 
Swamp land, and every other inhabitant that have been at the 
charges of building the meeting-house and mill is to be allowed 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 411 

one acre to every acre house lott, and this land to be apportioned 
to the lots.' " 

This first meeting-house was a temporary one, and stood 
only till about 1669, and then a second one was built : — 

" ist Feb., 1669. It is agreed and voated that the selectmen, with 
three men joyned to them, that is, Nathan Parker and George 
Abbot, senior, and John Lovejoy, shall, and are hereby Impowered 
to make sale of certain parsells of land as they in their discretion 
shall see meet, not exceeding a hundred pounds, for the defraieing 
the charges about the new meeting-house." 

That this " new meeting-house " was not the first which the 
town had had, and that this was not the same house as the 
one alluded to in the vote of February, 1661, is implied in 
two earlier votes, one in 1662, the other in 1664, in neither of 
which is the meeting-house then in use spoken of as " new." 

In regard to the size and construction of this " new meet- 
ing-house " of 1669, nothing further is known than that it 
had " upper and lower galleries " built either at the first or at 
some later period. In 1692 it was "granted to Mr. Andrew 
Peters to build a seat in y" east gallery, and to Joseph Will- 
son to build a seat over by y" north stairs." In 1696, " up- 
per and lower " galleries are specified. The pulpit was cush- 
ioned, as appears from a vote to give George Abbot the use 
of a part of the parsonage lands for his services in repairing 
the meeting-house, he agreeing to " mend y*' pulpit cushings, 
and to gett y® lock on y® meeting-house mended." 

The first legislation found, in regard to the new meeting- 
house after 1669, stands recorded as follows : — 

"3 ffi^^- 1672. It is ordered that whatsoever doggs be in the 
meeting-house on the Sabbath-day, the owners thereof shall pay 
six pence for every time being there, and George Abbot, junior, is 
appointed to take notice thereof, and to have the pay for his ser- 
vices and to gather it up." 

Also George Abbot, in 1675, was to be paid "for sweeping 
ye meeting house and ringynge y® bell, thirty shillings per 
annum." To his Sunday duties were subsequently added 
daily, or, rather, nightly, services as follows : — 

• "At a meeting of the Selectmen of Andover, y'' 16 of y* i month, 



412 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

167 B^V' we have agreed with Georg Abbot/ drummer,^ to Ring y* 
bell at nine of the clock at night, as also to give notice by y* tovvl- 
ing of the bell every night of y* day of the month, and his time of 
Ringing to begin the time of y* instant march, which he is to doe, 
and to be payd for his labour thirty shillings by the yeare." 

This is the beginning of the record in Andover history of 
that important functionary, the sexton. The line of succes- 
sion of sextons to the First Church is not continuously trace- 
able, but in 1688 George Abbot's name appears again, then 
Nehemiah Abbot, then, October, 1689, John Abbot.^ 

The next incumbent to the office was a woman : — 

" Agreed with widdowe Rebekah Johnson, this loth of Novem- 
ber, 1690, to sweep y* meeting-house and ring y^ bell, as is exprst 
in y^ agreement above made with John Abbot, only her yeare is to 
begin y*^ ist of Dec. next, and y" towne to allowe her 405-. in pay for 
her pains." 

The widow, Rebekah Johnson, served for at least eight 
years. 

After the building of a meeting-house, the arrangement of 
the congregation in the pews was a matter of no small im- 
portance and difficulty. This was not left to be determined 
by the choice of the persons to be seated. A committee 
chosen by the town ranked the seats according to their eligi- 
bility. This was called "dignifying" the pews. The pews 
of highest rank were then assigned by a committee to those 
members of the congregation who were regarded as occupy- 
ing the highest positions of social or ecclesiastical eminence. 
This was called in technical phrase, " seating the meeting- 
house." 

The seating and ranking was a fruitful source of jealousies 
and hard feeling. Some of the committee would gladly have 
been excused from this disagreeable task ; but excuses were 
not allowed. It is recorded that Capt. Dudley Bradstreet 
" protested against being compelled to serve in seating the 
meeting-house." 

The conduct of the congregation, as well as the seats which 

1 George Abbot is the one "of Rowley," not "George Abbot, Senr." 

2 The person who beat the drum for the signal for service and for daily labor. 
5 Sons of George Abbot. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 413 

they occupied, came under the jurisdiction of the town offi- 
cers. The records bear witness to a great deal of legislating 
of the selectmen in regard to "young persons." Then, as 
now, these appear to have been irrepressible : — 

" Y" 16 of y^ I month, 1679-80 We have ordered Thomas 

Osgood and John Bridges to have inspection over the boys in the 
galleries on the Sabbath, that they might be contained in order in 
time of publick exercise." 

"■ \\th March, 169^. And whereas there is greivous complaints 
of great prophaneness of y^ Sabbath, both in y'' time of exercise, 
att noon time, to y'' great dishonor of god, scandall of religion, & 
y* grief of many serious christians, by young persons, we order & 
require y^ tything men & constables to tak care to p'vent such 
great & shameful miscarriages, which are soe much observed and 
complained of." 

The tything men were chosen either by the town or by 
the selectmen. It was their duty not only to inspect the 
conduct of the church-goers, but also to take note of ab- 
sentees, and report the cause of absence to the authorities. 
Incorrigible " Sabbath-breakers " were amenable not only to 
the town but also to the laws of the General Court. In 1677, 
when Col. Dudley Bradstreet was deputy to the General 
Court, an act was passed authorizing a cage to be set up in 
Boston to confine Sabbath-breakers. 

Those at Andover, whose behavior during divine service 
was regarded by the tything men as reprehensible, were lia- 
ble to be " called forth " and reproved by the minister, and 
brought before a justice of the peace, as appears from an 
order of the selectmen that they shall be "punished for such 
crimes as y*' law directs." 

Any one chosen to the office of tything man, and refusing 
to serve, was liable to a heavy fine. These officers were also 
obliged to see that young persons were not abroad late 
Saturday nights. 

Thus, by pains and penalties, if devotion could not be pro- 
duced, decorum was secured, and a reverence for the exter- 
nals of religion maintained, which, in the opinion of many, 
went far toward creating the inward grace, but which in the 
estimation of others tended chiefly to hypocrisy and cant. 



414 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

The latter was the view taken by the Quakers, Antinomians, 
Anabaptists, and other "heretics" who cried out upon the 
Puritan works of righteousness as offensive to heaven. Al- 
though no such disturbers of the peace troubled Andover 
church (so far as can be now ascertained), yet some of the 
Andover church members were prominent in the Quaker 
persecutions, especially Mr. Simon Bradstreet, who, in Court 
at Ipswich, and in the ministerial councils at Newbury, was 
zealous against offenders. His zeal, no doubt, highly com- 
mended him to his brethren at Andover, but it is severely 
stigmatized by the Quaker historians. Although it may be 
in a sense a digression to turn here to the consideration of 
the Quaker persecutions, it is, perhaps, as pertinent to the 
present subject as to any other department of the town's his- 
tory. It was not only as a magistrate, but as a church mem- 
ber in fulfilment of his supposed obligations to covenant 
vows, that the Puritan dealt anathemas and visited penalties 
upon heretics. The epithets which the heretic historians 
and sympathizers heap upon their persecutors, and, on the 
other hand, the satisfaction which the Puritan writers show 
in what they think just and deserved penalties upon the en- 
emies of sound doctrine and good order, attest the impossi- 
bihty of dispassionate judgment in regard to such acts of 
religious zeal, and the danger of extremes in any coercion in 
matters of conscience. 

The author of " New England Judged by the Spirit of the 
Lord," George Bishop, says, regarding the Andover magis- 
trate and his coadjutors : " Your high priest, John Norton, 
and Simon Bradstreet, one of your magistrates .... were 
deeply concerned in the Blood of the Innocents, and their 
cruel sufferings, the one as advising, the other as acting." 
Ag-ain. he writes: "Simon Bradstreet, a man hardened in 
Blood and a cruel persecutor." 

After detailing the sufferings of Nicholas Phelps (whose 
chief offence was absenting himself from the established Pu- 
ritan worship, and wearing his hat in presence of the court), 
describing how, " with a three-fold corded whip with knots," 
he was scourged again and again, and also how a woman 
was bound to the whipping-post in Ipswich, in presence of 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 415 

the magistrates, and most barbarously lacerated, Bishop 
says : — 

" And in this cruelty your Major General Daniel Denison bore 

the greatest sway Simon Bradstreet and William Hathorn 

aforesaid were Assistant to Denison in these executions, whose 
Names I Record to Rot and Stink as of you all to all Generations, 
unto whom this shall be left as a perpetual Record of your Ever- 
lasting Shame." 

Neither Mr. Bradstreet nor any of the persecutors of the 
Quakers ever seem to have experienced remorse of conscience 
for their acts, as did some of those concerned in the appre- 
hensions and condemnations for witchcraft. The Old North 
Meeting-house witnessed no confessions of cruelty to here- 
tics ; but, on the contrary, it, no doubt, heard many expres- 
sions of righteous indignation at their impieties, and many 
congratulations to the " worshipful Mr." Simon Bradstreet 
for his conduct as a magistrate so creditable to the zeal for 
truth of the Andover " First Church." 

In regard to some of the disturbances and transgressions 
of the heretics, it must be admitted that they outraged de- 
cency, and required legal interference ; but, as it seems now, 
in the light of history and science, the interference of pity 
and humanity, such as should be bestowed upon derange- 
ment of reason and excitement of imagination, and not the 
harsh penalties of pillory and whipping-post. 

The only indication which has been found that any citizen 
of Andover was a troubler of the peace, or a dissenter from 
the prevailing views about the righteousness of the Puritan 
penalties, is in a presentment before the County Court, March, 
1656: — 

" We p'sent William Young ^ for abusive speeches, for wishing 
theme hanged that made that order of whipping ; Then he was de- 
sired to consider what he said : Then he, the sayd Young, an- 
swered that he thought they had bin a company of rude, deboyst 
fellows that made it. Witnessed by William Ballard, 

Andrew Allen." 

So far as can now be ascertained, the church at Andover 

1 His name disappears after this from the Andover records. 



4l6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

parsed its first half century in happy immunity from "all 
false doctrine, heresy, and schism," according to Puritan 
definition of these words. The following rhymed address to 
the church of Andover occurs in the " Wonder-working Prov- 
idence of Zion's Saviour," published 1654. It may, in the 
light of the subsequent theological history of the town, re- 
ceive a prophetic interpretation : — 

"to the first church at andover. 

" Thou Sister young, Christ is to thee a wall 

Of flaming fire ; to hurt thee none may come. 
In Slippery path and darke wayes shall they fall ; 

His angel's might Shall chase their countless Sum ; 
Thy Shepherd, with full cups and table Spread, 

Before thy foes in wilderness thee feeds ; 
Increasing fhy young lambs in bosom bred 

Of churches by his wonder-working deeds, 
To countless number must Christ's churches reach. 

The Day 's at hand both Jew and Gentile shall 
Come crowding in his churches Christ to preach. 

And last for aye, none can cause them to fall." 

"The Church at Andover"^ was organized October 24, 
1645. The names of the ten members freeholders (required 
by law to constitute a church) were Mr. John Woodbridge, 
teacher, John Osgood, Robert Barnard, John Frye, Nicholas 
Holt, Richard Barker, Joseph Parker, Nathan Parker, Rich- 
ard Blake, Edmond Faulkner. 

A year before this time (September, 1644), a council had 
assembled at Rowley to organize this church, and also a 
church in Haverhill.^ The reason assigned for the meeting 
of the council at Rowley was, that there would not be sufB- 
cient accommodation at Andover or at Haverhill for the 
guests who would assemble. 

The churches ^ were not organized because the members 
refused to make " confession of faith and repentance," having 
done this at their admission into other churches. Therefore, 
nothing was effected ; but the following year, October, 1645, 
the council meeting again, satisfactory conclusions were 

i North Andover. 

2 Hubbard's History of N'ew England. 

3 Winthrop's Journal. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 417 

arrived at, and Mr. John Woodbridge ^ was ordained minister 
of Andover, and Mr. John Ward minister of Haverhill. The 
Rev. William Symmes, of Andover, in a historical sermon, 
states that "Mr. John Woodbridge was the first, strictly 
speaking, that was ordained a minister of the gospel in this 
County, and the second in New England." Immediately 
previous to his coming to Andover, he was master of the 
Boston Latin School.^ His seeking ministerial ordination is 
said to have been due to the influence of his father-in-law, 
Gov. Thomas Dudley, who " stirred him up to seek advance- 
ment as a minister." He was not only a scholar, but was 
also versed in practical affairs. He was, as has been said, 
chief in negotiating the purchase of the Andover plantation 
from Cutshamakin. He was a man well suited to share the 
fortunes of a new settlement, — versatile in expedients, ready 
to' lend a helping hand to every enterprise, and accurate and 
methodical in whatever he undertook. To these qualities 
his ofificial documents and records, as magistrate for the town 
of Newbury, bear witness. His residence after he left Ando- 
ver was chiefly (except some years in England) in that town 
(in which he had lived on his first coming from England to 
America). Cotton Mather, in the " Magnalia," in his " Lives 
of those Persons who have been the Minysters of the Gospel 
that fed the Flocks in the Wildernesse," gives a biography 
of Mr. Woodbridae. 



'&^ 



" Classis Second — Of young scholars whose education for their 
designed Ministry not being finished, yet came over from Englatid 
with their Friends and had their Education perfected ifi the Country, 
before the College was come into Maturity, enough to bestow its Lau- 
rels. 14, Mr. John Woodbridge, of Newbury." 

This biography is not exceeded in fulness or in interest 
by any subsequent ones. No apology is needed for present- 
ing it here, verbatim : — 

" But he that brings up the Rear is Mr. John Woodbridge, of 
whom we are able to speak a little more particularly. He was 

'^ HuhhaxA's History of A'eiu Efigland. . . 

- Catalogue of the Latin School, based on a record of the town of Boston, 1644, 
that "Mr. Woodbridge" was master (presumably Mr, John Woodbridge). 

27 



41 8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

born at Stanton, in Highworth, in Wiltshire, about the year 1613, 
of which Parish his father was Minister, and a Minister so able and 
Faithful as to obtain an high esteem among those that at all knew 
the Invaluable worth of such a Minister. His mother was daughter 
to Mr. Robert Parker, and a daughter who did so virtuously that 
her own Personal character would have made her highly esteemed, 
if a Relation to such a Father had not farther added unto the Lus- 
tre of her character. 

" Our John was by his Worthy Parents trained up in the way that 
he should go and sent unto Oxford, where his education and Pro 
ficiency at school had ripened him for the University, and kept at 
Oxford until the Oath of Conformity came to be required of him, 
which neither his Father nor his Conscience approving, he re- 
moved from thence unto a Course of more Private Studies. The 
Rigorous enforcing of the Unhappy ceremonies then causing many 
that understood and regarded the Second Commandment in the 
Laws of Heaven to seek a. peaceable Recess for the pure worship- of 
the Lord Jesus Christ in an American Desart, Our young Wood- 
bridge, with the consent of his Parents, undertook a voyage to New 
England about the year 1634, and the company and assistance of 
his worthy uncle, Mr. Thomas Parker, was not the least Encourage- 
ment of his voyage. He had not been long in the country before 
Newberry began to be planted, where he accordingly took up 
lands and so seated himself that he comfortably and Industriously 
Studied on, until the Advice of his Father's death obliged him to 
return to England, where, having settled his affairs, he returned 
again into New England, bringing with him his two brothers, where- 
of one died on the way. He had married the daughter of the 
Honble Thomas Dudley, Esq., and the town of Andover then first 
peeping into the world, he was by the hands of Mr. Wilson & Mr. 
Worcester, Sep. 16, 1644, ordained the teacher of a Congregation 
There. There he continued with good Reputation discharging the 
Duties of the Ministry until upon the Invitation of Friends he went 
once more to England." 

The vicissitudes of Mr. Woodbridge's fortunes were many. 
From being deputy to the General Court (1641), surveyor of 
arms, justice of the peace, schoolmaster, trader with Indians, 
religious teacher in an " American Desart," he became famil- 
iar with camp and court, — so far as there was " court," when 
royalty was in enforced exile. He was chaplain of the Com- 
missioners who treated with the banished monarch Charles 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 419 

I., at the Isle of Wight, and was afterward settled over a 
parish in Andover, Hampshire County. But when the resto- 
ration of the old regime came, Mr. Woodbridge for his non- 
conformity lost his living, and for the same offence was ejected 
from a school of which he became master at Newbury, It 
is noticeable that the two towns of his abode in Old Endand 
were of the same name as those in which he lived in New 
England. Dr. Calamy, in his account of the ejected minis- 
ters, names with respect Mr. John Woodbridge. 

After thus losing his prospect of comfortable abode in the 
old country, he, in 1663, come over again to the colony and 
settled in Newbury, becoming the assistant in the ministry 
of his uncle, the Rev, Thomas Parker. His biography is 
thus continued by Cotton Mather : — 

"The Church of Newbury solicited him to become an Assistant 
unto his Aged uncle, Mr. Parker, and in answer to their solicita- 
tions he bestowed his constant, Learned, and Holy Labours upon 
them. At last there arose little Differences between him and some 
of the People upon Certain points of Church Discipline, wherein 
his Largeness and their Straitness might perhaps better have met 
in a Temper ; and these Differences ended not without his putting 
anend unto his own Ministry among them." 

These "differences" of the church with him and his col- 
league were on the ground of their having too little sympathy 
with the Congregational Church government,^ and holding 
high ideas of the minister's prerogative and powers akin to 
those of the English Church. 

Mather goes on to say that Mr, Woodbridge continued to 
live in Newbury, was greatly respected, was " chosen Magis- 
trate, and afterward Justice of the Peace." He thus sums up 
Mr. Woodbridge's Christian virtues : — 

" A Person he was of truly an Excellent Spirit ; a Pious Dispo- 
sition accompanied him from his early childhood, and as he grew 
in years he grew in the Proofs and Fruits of his having been Sanc- 
tified from his infancy. He spent much of his Time in Holy Medi- 
tations, by which the Foretastes of Heaven were Continually Feed- 
ing of his Devout Soul, and he abounded in all other Devotions of 

^ Coffin's Newbury, 



420 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Serious, Heavenly, Experimental Christianity. He was by Nature 
wonderfully composed, Patient, and Pleasant ; and he was by grace 
much more so. He had a great Command of his Passions, and 
could and wonld and did forgive Injuries at a rate that hardly can 
be imitated. 

" It was rarely or never observed that Worldly Disappointment 

made any Grievous Impressions upon his Mind Only he 

was observedly overwhelmed by the Death of his most Religious, 
Prudent, and Faithful Consort when she was, July i, 1691, Fifty 
years after his first marriage unto her, torn away from the Desire 
of his Eyes. His value for the whole world was after a manner 
extinguished in the Loss of what was to him the best part of it, and 
he sometimes declared himself desirous to begone whenever the 
Lord of Heaven should please to call him thither." 

Mr. Woodbridge died 1695, "and (says his biographer) he 
who had been a Great Reader, a Great Scholar, a Great Chris- 
tian, and a Pattern of Goodnesse in all the successive stations 
wherein the Lord of Hosts had placed him, on March 17, the 
Day of the Christian Sabbath, after much Pain, went unto 
his Everlasting Rest, having a few minutes before it refused 
a Glass of offered wine, saying, * I am going zvhere I shall 
have better! " 

Mr. Woodbridge was eighty-two years old. His compan- 
ion for fifty years, the wife whom he so deeply mourned, 
was Mercy Dudley, the daughter of Gov. Thomas Dudley, 
and sister of Mrs. Anne [Dudley] Bradstreet. She was the 
mother of twelve children, "whereof," says Mather, "eleven 
lived unto the age of Men and Women. He [Mr. Wood- 
bridge] had the consolation of seeing Three sons with two 
sons in Law Improved in the ministry of the Gospel and 
Four Grandsons happily advancing there unto." One of 
these children, Lucy Woodbridge, who lived at Andover 
when about three years old,^ was married to her cousin, the 
Rev. Simon Bradstreet, minister of New London. The eld- 
est son of Mr. Woodbridge, the Rev. John Woodbridge, of 
Killingworth, Conn., is thought by some to have been born 
at Andover, Mass.^ 

The Rev. Francis Dane, the second minister of Andover, 

' She was born 1642. 2 Jifass. Hist. Coll., Fifth Series, vol. v. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 42 1 

is also named by Cotton Mather among the young men who 
finished their studies in the colony before the college con- 
ferred degrees. His name is found among the early resi- 
dents of Ipswich, 164.1. "He removed to Andover, 1648," 
says Felt's " History of Ipswich." He was son of John 
Dane, settler in Ipswich and Roxbury. No contemporary 
biography of him has been found. His name does not occur 
in Sprague's " Annals of the American Pulpit," although he 
had an important part in the colonial history. He was pastor 
at Andover over forty-eight years (1649 to 1697). No church 
records of his ministry are preserved. The history of his 
pastorate is chiefly gathered from the town, county, and col- 
ony records, and, therefore, pertains rather to his secular 
than to his spiritual influence and interests, but his note- 
book recently brought to light has some fragments of inter- 
est, among them a creed evidently of his own composition, 
or rather compilation. It is, though moderate in doctrine, in 
substantial agreement with the creeds accepted in New Eng- 
land. One clause is as follows : — 

" I believe y* y* Catholic or universall church consists of all those 
throughout the world that doe profess ye trew Religion, together 
with their children, and in ye Kingdom of y'' Lord Jesus, and ye 
house and family of God, out of which there is no ordinary possi- 
bility of obtaining Salvation." 

In reference to the pastoral relations of Mr. Dane, Abbot's 
" History of Andover " says : " From the town books it ap- 
pears that he was respected, that harmony prevailed, that the 
worship and ordinances of religion were well attended." This 
is true. The town books show no evidence that this " har- 
mony " was ever interrupted. But it is a noticeable feature 
of our town records that everything like record of controversy 
seems excluded, and, indeed, almost everything of human in- 
terest ; land grants, perambulations of bounds and privileges 
of occupation being the chief subjects noted. Accordingly, 
the reader, from the records of Mr. Dane's ministry, is led 
to conclude that forty-eight years of uninterrupted peace be- 
tween pastor and people were spent in the old Andover 
church, an inference not only incorrect but disheartening as 



422 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

a commentary on the fruits of two hundred years of gospel 
preaching. To learn, in these days of feuds and divisions of 
churches, that the old times had also their dissensions is not 
without value. The happy sequel of the first known church 
controversy of Andover, — the parties reconciled, the pastor 
spending an honored old age in the community of his youth- 
ful choice, and defending it at personal risk from injurious 
aspersions, is honorable to pastor and people, and suggestive 
to their posterity of valuable lessons in the settling of church 
dissensions. 

The full account is found in the " Records of the General 
Court." The summary of it is as follows, omitting some 
minor details : — 

The General Court having been applied to by the Andover 
church, sent a committee to Andover and " convened the 
people of the church and town together, with their pastor," 
and proceeded to hear their "several plans, pretensions, and 
allegations as to the matter of their difference." The sub- 
stance of these was that, Mr. Dane being infirm and needing 
a colleague, they had " invited and procured a young man to 
be helpfull to them," and were not willing to pay the older 
pastor " his wonted maintenance." They thought as he was 
in comfortable circumstances he might " subsist without be- 
ing burdensome to them." 

But the General Court, in consideration of the fact that the 
pastor " hath for a long time been an officer among them," 
advised the Andover church to pay him, at least, thirty pounds 
per annum, and " if his necessity should require a fuller sup- 
ply," they express hope that the people will " not be wanting 
to testify their respects to him upon that account." 

They advise Mr. Dane to " improve his utmost diligence 
to carry on the public worship of God," and to encourage the 
young man, his colleague, by his aid. And further, they ad- 
vise him " to carry it to his people with that tender love and 
respect (forgetting all former disgusts) as becomes a minister 
of the gospell." 

The young man referred to was the Rev. Thomas Barnard, 
of Hadley, a graduate of Harvard College, 1679. In January, 
168 1-2, the town voted to give him a call, and to " pay for 
his diet so long as he shall remain a Single man among us." 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 423 

There are few records of the joint labors of the colleagues 
in the pastoral office. It was finally voted to pay 1 Mr. Bar- 
nard fifty pounds, one quarter of it in money, the use of the 
parsonage and his firewood, so long as Mr. Dane " should 
carry on a part of the work," and whenever Mr. Dane should 
cease to aid him he should receive eighty pounds per annum. 

Andover had great reason to be thankful for the adjust- 
ment of the difficulties with their pastor. Mr. Dane " forgot 
his disgusts " according to the advice of the Court, and de- 
voted himself to the interests of his people, so far as the in- 
firmities of age permitted. When the community was fren- 
zied with the witchcraft delusion, Mr. Dane was one of the 
few men whose judgment remained unshaken, and whose 
courage was not daunted by fear of personal danger. " The 
Rev. Francis Dane deserves," says Upham, "to be recog- 
nized preeminent, and for a time almost alone, in bold de- 
nunciation and courageous resistance of the execrable pro- 
ceedings of that dark day." 

Every record goes to prove Mr. Dane to have been a man 
of strong sense, fearless courage, and withal of Christian 
fortitude. Out of his manifold afflictions in the witchcraft 
time, when almost every member of his family was under ar- 
rest or suspicion, he said, " The Lord give us all submissive 
will, and let the Lord do with me and mine what seems good 
in his eyes." 

Mr. Dane died February 17, 1697, aged eighty-one years. 
He was married three times : to Elizabeth Ingals, before 
1645, who died 1676 ; to Mary Thomas, 1677,^ who died 
1689 ; to Hannah Abbot, widow of George Abbot, 1690 ; she 
died 171 1. He had two sons, Nathaniel and Francis, and 
four daughters, Elizabeth (Johnson), Hannah (Goodhue), 
Phebe (Robinson), Abigail (Faulkner). He willed his house 
to his son Nathaniel, and also gave him a silver cup. His 
son, Lieut. Francis Dane, was one of the original members 

1 Some men of Haverhill and Boxford were tax-payers. Quartermaster 
Moses Tyler and John Chadwick, of Boxford, had been allowed " to set up a 
house for their convenience, for families and horse, on Sabbath days," and paid 
three shillings rate per annum. 

2 By Mr. Danforth. — Town Records. 



424 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of the South Church. He died 1738, aged eighty-two. The 
grandson of Lieut. Francis Dane, John Dane, was deacon of 
the South Church thirty-nine years, 1755 to 1794, and a 
member till his death, 1801, at the age of eighty-four. He 
used to read the psalm line by line for the congregation to 
sing. Rev. John Dane, son of Daniel Dane, was a graduate 
of Dartmouth College, and ordained minister of Newfield, 
Me.. 1801. 

There is no trace of the minister's grave, nor any ser- 
mon or memorial of his ministry, except a manuscript record 
book, and an autograph letter or petition regarding the witch- 
craft. 

The record book contains a rhymed account of his difficul- 
ties and perplexities in search of a second wife : — 

". . . . Long have I looked about 
But could not I ye Matron yet find out 
But some objections crosst my purpose so 
As yet I sayd I know not \vt to doe .... 
I sometimes heere and sometimes there have sought 
To see if I the thing could bring about 
That might best suite mee in my pilgrimage. 
And match to one who's sober, chaste, and sage, 
That's Loving, meeke, no Tatler, not unruly 
That loveth goodness & yt hath a mind 
To Conjugal subjection inclined ; 
In such a blessing may I have a share 
For other things I need not much a whit to care. 
A vertuous wife's her husband's crowne & shee 

( crowned ) 
With immortality shall ( cloathed ) bee. 
Who doth her find hath gret cause to confesse 
The Ld's free favour & his name to bless. 
Let every Xhian ply ye throne of Grace 
That with a meete help hee may run his Race. 
I bow my knee & humbly do implore 
God's tenderness towards mee therefore." 

Before proceeding to consider the life and ministry of the 
third minister of Andover, we may turn attention for a little 
to the young men of the First Church of Andover who dur- 
ing the time of these three pastorates were prepared for and 
ordained to the ministry. There were not many, but perhaps 
in proportion to the town's population they were as many as 
there have been at any time since. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 4^5 

Rev. John Woodhridge, Jun., son of the first minister of An- 
dover, graduated at Harvard College 1664, settled in Killingworth, 
Conn., removed thence to Weathersfield, 1679, and was pastor there 
till his death, 1690. 

Rev. Simon Bradstreet, son of Gov. Simon Bradstreet, was 
born at Ipswich, graduated at Harvard College, 1660, was ordained 
minister of New London, Conn., 1670. He married his cousin, 
Lucy Woodbridge, daughter of the Andover minister. He died 
1683. 

Rev. Simon Bradstreet, son of Rev. Simon Bradstreet, born 
1671, lived, probably after his father's death, at Andover, for he 
became a member of the church here. He graduated at Harvard 
College 1693. When he was called to be pastor of the church in 
Charlestown some of the Boston ministers did not approve, be- 
cause they thought him of heterodox belief and they doubted his 
regular standing in the church at Andover. " It is unknown to us 
how far or in what way he became a member of the church there- 
in." Other ministers, however, expressed opinion that he was "or- 
derly dismissed or Recommended from the church of Christ in An- 
dover." 

Mr. Bradstreet was ordained October 26, 1698, and served forty 
3'ears in Charlestown with acceptance, although he was suspected 
by some of a leaning to Arminianism ; and his admiration of Arch- 
bishop Tillotson's sermons was a grief to the more rigid Puritans. 
He was a man of some eccentricities, but a great scholar. " Here 
is a man who can whistle Greek." said Lieutenant-governor Tay- 
ler, in introducing Mr. Bradstreet to Governor Burnet. 

Rev. Joseph Stevens, son of Deacon Joseph Stevens, of An- 
dover, in the twenty-fifth year of the Rev. Simon Bradstreet's pas- 
torate at Charlestown, was ordained his colleague. 

This ordination deserves to receive special mention. The posi- 
tion and character of the young pastor made it of general interest 
at the time, and the sundering of its ties after a brief period by 
the sudden and distressing death of the pastor and nearly all his 
household has served to give to this ministry a prominent and a 
sad interest in the early church history. 

Of all the young ministers who had connection, either by birth 
or residence, with Andover in the Colonial days, there was none 
who could be so fully claimed as an Andover man as Joseph 
Stevens. The Bradstreets had received more or less of their ed- 
ucation in other towns, and the family was so widely connected in 
various parts of the colony, that scarcely one of its members is ex- 



426 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

clusively identified with Andover during his youth. But Joseph 
Stevens was born and brought up at [North] Andover. His father, 
Deacon Joseph Stevens, was a native of the town, and his grand- 
father, John Stevens, a first settler. So far as is known both these 
ancestors of the Rev. Joseph Stevens lived entirely in Andover 
[North] during their citizenship, not being called by private or by 
public business to much association outside of their own commu- 
nity. What Andover could produce of physical, mental, and moral 
development is therefore seen exemplified in the person and char- 
acter of this young man. In regard to him, wrote the Rev. Dr. 
Colman in a biographical sketch (prefixed to a sermon by Mr. 
Stevens), published not long after his death : " We scarce ever saw 
a more beauteous mind and body united than in the Person of Mr. 
Stevens. A fulness of Life and vigour, with all the soft charms of 
goodness and sweetness, met in his grave and florid countenance, 
and commanded respect and Love. Humility and meekness 
guarded and adorned his bright and fervent conversation, and 
modesty gave a very singular grace to that superior air which was 
natural to him." 

Joseph Stevens was born in 1682, June 20, during the minis- 
try of the Rev. Francis Dane and the Rev, Thomas Barnard, whose 
religious and whose classical teaching he doubtless enjoyed. He 
graduated at Harvard College at the age of twenty-one, in the class 
of 1703, and afterward was a tutor in the college. 

Respecting him as a preacher Dr. Colman says : " But it was in 
the Desk that he eminently shone, where his eyes as well as tongue 
were wont to speak with a majesty and solemnity that very much 
commanded the ears and hearts of the audience. In short, the 
Gentleman, the Scholar, and the Christian met in him, and as they 
formed a very accomplished Divine, so would they as well a judge 
for the bench or a commander for the field had Providence so 
called him." 

He was ordained October 13, 17 13. Fifty pounds were appro- 
priated to defray the expenses of the day, more money than som- 
ministers of repute received for a year's salary. The estimation in 
which the candidate for the sacred office was held is seen by the 
rank of the ministers selected to officiate. The Rev. Increase 
Mather, then seventy-four years old, gave the charge, and his son, 
the Rev. Cotton Mather, the right hand of fellowship. 

The ministry thus auspiciously begun was cut short after the, as 
it was then considered, brief term of eight years. Mr. Stevens was 
suddenly smitten down with the small pox which raged in Boston 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. AV 

and vicinity with violence. Himself, his wife, son, and daughter 
died in one month. 

Only one of the household survived, an infant son seven months 
old. This babe was carried, with its nurse, to Andover. The child 
grew and throve, and, nurtured amid the same influences which 
had developed his father's character, proved a son worthy of such 
a parent, and became one of the most eminent ministers of his 
time. The Rev. Benjamin Stevens graduated at the age of nine- 
teen at Harvard College, 1740. He was at one time candidate for 
the Presidency of the college. He had rare scholarship, elegant 
manners, and was, says Chief Justice Parsons, " a man of whom 
one may say everything good." In his parish at Kittery, Maine, 
he preached to Sir William Pepperell, and was an honored guest in 
the old Province families of that region. 

Rev. Dudley Bradstreet, son of Col. Dudley Bradstreet, grad- 
uated at Harvard College 1698, taught the Andover Grammar 
School two or three years, was ordained minister of Groton 1708. 
He was a thorough classical scholar. He resigned his ministry at 
Groton after a few years, went over to England and took orders in 
the Established Church. He died 17 14. 

Rev. John Barnard, graduated at Harvard College 1709. [See 
page 432.] 

When the Rev. Thomas Barnard, who was ordained with 
Mr. Dane, 1682, had by the death of his colleague, in 1697, 
become the sole pastor, the church, or rather the town of An- 
dover, began to make provision for his increased comfort and 
dignity. It was voted in town meeting to " build a leantoe 
to the parsonage house," and " inlarge the minister's wive's 
pew the breadth of the alley," and finally in October, 1705, 
to " build a new meeting-house as sufficient and Convenient 
for the whole town as may be." In May, 1707, it was voted 
to build a " meeting-house for ye inhabitants of Andover of 
these following dimensions, viz: of sixty-foot long, and forty- 
foot wide and twenty-foot studd and with a flatt roofe." 

The location of this new meeting-house gave rise to much 
voting and altercation. 

Many letters and petitions passed back and forth which 
need not here be cited. One of them, signed by Mr. Samuel 
Osgood and Mr. Jame§ Bridges, suggested that the General 
Court order the town to build one meeting house for the 



428 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

whole town for ten years and to allow them after that time 
to have two houses of worship. 

In vain it was sought to come to an agreement or compro- 
mise between the contending factions. The town a second 
time voted, October 12, 1708, to build in the place first de- 
cided on. This was quite remote from the residence of the 
minister, which was now in the house which had been the 
house of Col. Dudley Bradstreet ^ (deceased). 

A vote in October, 1708, in regard to the new meeting- 
house, although it differed not from the former as to location 
made some changes of dimensions and construction, — " fifty- 
six foot long, fifty foot wide, and twenty-two foot studd and 
with a square roofe without dormans with two Lucoms on 
each side." 

What sort of a meeting-house "roofe" was suggested to 
the worthy clerk who recorded the vote we may imagine by 
translating his orthography into "dormer" and " Luthern ;" 
and perhaps from this incidental record it is safe to form an 
idea of the third Andover meeting-house, which, built in 1709, 
stood till 1733. This was not, however, built by or for the 
whole town, nor according to the former vote. The General 
Court, after finding that the inhabitants of Andover refused 
to come to any agreement or compromise, complied with the 
petition of the south part of the town, divided it into pre- 
cincts (January, 1709), ordered each precinct to support a 
minister and have a meeting-house, and gave to Mr. Barnard 
his choice of precincts. The South precinct forthwith began 
to build a meeting-house " at ^ ye Rock on the West side of 
Roger's brook." This was used for worship in January, 1710. 
As late as November 7, 1710, the Rev. Mr. Barnard had not 
signified which precinct he would live in and minister to, and 
the South precinct petitioned the General Court to direct him 

^ The parsonage had recently been destroyed by fire, as appears from the fol- 
lowing votes : — 

" 26 May, 1707, Voted and passed that there be a committee on Rev. Mr. Bar- 
nard's settlement in some convenient house till a house can be built for him. — 
5 July, 1707, — that there be some convenient fortification made with bords and 
timber about the house where the Rev. Mr. Barnard is for the present shrouded, 
and that some of the bricks from his house that was burnt be taken." 

2 East of the present site of the South Church. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 429 

to make choice. This was done and he was requested to de- 
cide before the eleventh of December, and, if he should not 
then have decided, the South Precinct were ordered to pro- 
vide for themselves. On the tenth of December, the South 
Precinct unanimously voted " that Mr. Samuel Phillip" shall 
be our pastor." By the division, the North Parish lost eighty 
freeholders and thirty-five members of the church. It was a 
trying time for the Rev. Mr. Barnard, who, while the matter 
was pending, had been cut off from his salary, the factions 
refusing to pay the minister's rates. Moreover, he lost some 
who preferred to stay in the North Parish, and pay taxes 
there. In this diflficulty he addressed a letter to the Governor, 
which is in the State Archives now.^ It is too long for in- 
sertion here, but is of considerable interest, not only as being 
an autograph composition of an Andover minister, from 
whose pen there are no known printed compositions, but 
also because it gives a statement of the grievances of the 
North Precinct, in the division. " The north part of the town 
that was the first settlement," he says, " are dissatisfied that 
they are made the lesse part ; " and also that in these circum- 
stances, the General Court orders them to " perform obliga- 
tion of the whole town " (that is, pay full salary to their min- 
ister). And further he says, it is peculiarly unjust because 
some families which would prefer to pay taxes for his church 
are compelled to belong to the South Parish, and be rated 
there. 

These families, John Stevens and John Lovejoy, were at last 
allowed to remain in the North Parish, and about I7ii,a 
final and satisfactory settlement was made. 

The South Parish voted " to pay their minister sixty pounds 
in money while he is an unmarried state and ten pounds more 
when he shall see reason to marry." The North Precinct, 
though reduced in numbers more than one half, voted to pay 
their minister " forty-two pounds in money and to build a 
new meeting house." This although the General Court had 
advised them " to take the present meeting-house and repair 
it and add to it." 

The salary paid was in accordance with a proposition of 

1 Vol. li., p. 183. 



430 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Mr. Barnard, that he would receive forty-two pounds in 
money, instead of sixty in corn. 

Though their number was diminished, the North Parish 
made their meeting-house nearly as large and as costly as 
that voted in 1708 for the accommodation of the whole town. 

" Voted, that the meeting-house be of the following Dimentions, 
viz : Fifty foot long, Forty-five foot wide, and Twenty-four foot be- 
tween Joyntes, and with a Roofe like Salem-village meeting-house 
. . . . y*" model of ye seats to be like Bradford meeting-house 
seats." 

They were not, however, regardless of expense, for they 
voted that " y^ old pulpit in the North Precinct shall be set in 
our new meeting-house." 

The question of the site of the meeting-house of the North 
Precinct occasioned again considerable " voating." One vote 
was to set it " at y® oack by Capt. Benjamin Stevens, his 
barn ;" but afterward this was declared " nuled and void," and 
the final vote was, "that the new meeting-house be set up at 
the apel tree ^ in Joseph Parker senior his land whear the 
Bulk of the Timber lyeth for sd meeting-house." 

So, in the forest shades the foundation was laid, and the 
woodman began to fell the strong and beautiful trees which, 
to our ancestors, were simply " timber " and " woods," valuable 
for meeting-houses and fuel. 

Before the edifice was raised and finished and seated, there 
was much voting and nulling and making void ; but finally 
all was done, and the new house occupied, to the delight of 
the parish. 

During the controversy, the Rev. Mr. Barnard bore him- 
self with dignity and discretion. He gave a cordial welcome 
to the minister selected by the South Parish, and these 
brother-ministers lived always on terms of friendship. After 
the death of Mr. Barnard, Mr. Phillips said in a sermon : — 

" I have always esteemed it a favor of Providence that my lot was 

cast in the same town with that holy man of God, who was pleased 

to express the kindness of a father to me, and where I had for 

some years the advantage of his guidance and example. He was 

1 Near the site of the present Unitarian Church, North Andover. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 43 1 

really one of the best of ministers, had the tongue of the learned, 
was a sound and eminent divine, delivered excellent sermons, and 
had the spirit as well as the gift of prayer, was gentle as a father, 
yet maintaining government and discipline in the church, very 
obliging towards all men, and always studied the things that make 
for peace." .... 

If anything were needed to corroborate the truth of such a 
statement from so eminent a minister, it would be enough to 
add, to show the character of the Rev. Thomas Barnard, that 
he reared a son who succeeded him in the same parish, and 
ministered to the church thirty-eight years ; the father and 
son governing the affairs of the North Parish of Andover 
during seventy five years. The death of Mr. Thomas Bar- 
nard was sudden, — on the 13th of October, 1718. The af- 
flicted Parish set apart a day of " fasting and prayer to alL 
mytie God that the Lat and afull Strok in Taking away 
their Reverend Pastuer by so sudden a death [might] be 
sanctified to His flock Left Destitute of a Teacher." 

The parish appropriated twenty-four pounds to pay the 
funeral expenses. This large sum, near half a year's salary, 
shows that the burial must have been with considerable 
pomp. The gravestone is unpretentious. An upright slab 
bare of ornament and without even a " holy text " to illustrate 
the virtues or suggest the rewards of the faithful minister. 
Several facts go to indicate that this absence of eulogistic 
inscription was due to the wishes and taste of Mr. Barnard 
himself. It characterizes all the memorial tablets of his 
family. 

Mr. Barnard married three times : Mrs. Elizabeth Price, 
1686 ; Mrs. Abigail Bull, 1696; Mrs. Lydia Goffe, 1704. 

He had three sons. The eldest died before him without 
children, the second was the Rev. John Barnard, his successor 
in the North Church pastorate ; the third, Mr. Theodore 
Barnard, whose daughter Elizabeth became the wife of the 
Rev. Mr. Phillips's son, Hon. Samuel Phillips, of North An- 
dover, the founder of Phillips Academy. 

Thus the town's controversy about the meeting-house re- 
sulted ultimately in a union of the families of the two pastors, 
which conferred on the town signal and lasting benefits. The 



432 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

son of Elizabeth Barnard and Samuel Phillips, Sen., was 
Lieutenant-governor ("Judge") Samuel Phillips, whose name 
is so widely known. 

The Barnard name was continued in the west part of the 
town by descendants of Theodore Barnard, but never has 
been prominent in the town history. 

The fourth pastor settled in Andover was the Rev. Mr. 
Phillips, of the South Parish ; but as his ministry outlasted 
that of Mr. Barnard's successor, its history is deferred until 
after that of the First Church minister. 

The Rev. John Barnard, the son of the late pastor of the 
North Parish, was invited to fill his father's place, December, 
171 8. He was then twenty-eight years old. He was born 
at Andover, 1690, graduated at Harvard College, 1709. He 
was for some time master of the North Grammar School in 
Boston, and of the Andover Grammar School. He was or- 
dained pastor of the First Church of Andover, 1719. He 
records his ordination in the church records : — 

" I was ordained Pastor of the first church of Christ in Andover, 
April y'' 8th, 17 19- The Rev. Mr. Capen, of Topsfield, gave me 
my charge, and the Rev. Mr. Stevens, of Charlestown, gave me the 
Right hand of fellowship. The Revd. Mr. Thos. Symmes preached 
a sermon. The Rev. Mr. Rogers and the Rev*^. Mr. Phillips assisted 
in Prayer." 

The meeting-house was undoubtedly filled to its utmost 
capacity on this occasion, on which w^ere gathered the learned 
and pious ministers of the neighborhood to take part in the 
exercises. Such a stir was seldom seen in town as that caused 
by the ordination days. The concourse of vehicles and 
horses made no small bustle of itself alone. Not then, as 
now, did public conveyances deposit travellers and move on. 
Whatever conveyance brought the visitors to town stayed 
also till the visit was over. " Entertainment for both man 
and beast" must, therefore, be had. To provide bountifully 
for guests was ordination etiquette. The inns or public 
houses were all open wide with abundance of good cheer of 
food and drink. The great houses of the town, the dwellings 
of the local aristocracy, were filled with invited guests, minis- 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 433 

ters, magistrates, and dignitaries. The dinner for the clergy 
was no slight solicitude to housewives, as well as to their 
husbands, whose best produce of farm and garden, flock and 
herd, had been put under contribution ; kitchen fires blazed 
high, spits turned, unnamable decoctions simmered while 
the prayers and sermons were going on in the meeting-house, 
silver-chest and linen-press yielded up their treasures, and 
the hospitable board shone resplendent in delft and damask, 
tankard and punch-bowl, when the throng, issuing from the 
house of God, dispersed and repaired to the various places 
appointed for these concluding festivities. 

Nor need we think these details trivial. They present to 
us an aspect of the Puritan life, as much a part of it as its 
graver and more commonly described occasions. The Puri- 
tans had their relaxations ^ of this sort much more than we 
are wont to think. In reading the diaries of the great men 
of colonial days, one cannot help remarking the frequency of 
their festivities, in which abundant good cheer and religious 
devotion were mingled. Enjoying the good gifts of God, 
eating and drinking in company of friends, praying, singing 
psalms, thinking of the entertainment of the Celestial City and 
the bliss of Paradise, our ancestors blended with their grav- 
ity and solemnity a practical cordiality and good-fellowship 

1 The following are selected from Judge Sewall's diary (italics not in orig- 
inal) : "Nov. 4, 1690. Had a j-z<w////(?//.f feast. — Dec. 1690. Z>///t'</ with me at 
the Royal Exchange, Sir William Phipps, Mr. Sami Willard .... twelve in 
all. — Dec, 1691. Went to the house of Joshua Gardener .... had a very 
good Dinner. Mr. Walter craved a blessing .... The Lord fit me for his 
Entertainment 'w\ Heaven. — Nov. 15, 1692, Mr. Cook keeps a Day of Thanks- 
giving, for his safe arrival, Mr. Bradstreet and Lady, Maj. Richards and wife 

[twenty in all]. Mr. Allen preached Sung after Diner. — Nov. i^ invited 

his Excellency to drink a Glas of Brandy which was pleased to doe with Capt. 
Greenough, etc. — Dec. 27. Got to W'atertown meeting house about eleven 
aclock. Spent several hours in Debate .... about settling a minister. After 
this went to Nevisons and took a very good dinner provided for us by the select- 
men. May 20, 1695, Rode to Newbury I treat Mr. Danforth — h.c.,with salmon 
at Capt. Serjeants. — Aug. 27, 1695, Went to Dorchester Lecture .... with 
whom sat dotun to dinner. Several young Gentleioometi sat down a/tencard .... 
Sept. 1695, Gov. Bradstreet drank a. glass 01 two of wine, eat some fruit, took 
a pipe of Tobacco, in the New Hall, luished me joy of the house and desired 
our prayers .... Sept. 18, Mr. Terry and his wife, Mr. Willard and his wife 
and Cous. Quinsey dine with its ... . was much pleased with our painted 
shutters ; in pleasancy said he thought he had been got into Paradise." 

28 



434 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

which relieved the sombreness and relaxed the intensity that 
would otherwise have been insupportable. This mingling of 
the social and the serious elements was especially manifest 
at ordinations. 

The Rev. John Barnard's ministry was a period of stirring 
events in the religious world and in the provincial history, and 
yet this would not appear from the church and parish records. 
Then, notwithstanding the prominent part of members of 
the parish in the Indian and French wars, and the connection 
of the pastor with the controversy in regard to the Rev. 
George Whitefield and the Great Awakening, nothing more 
exciting appears on record than building and seating the 
meeting-house, buying silver for the communion service, and 
clock and bell for the meeting-house. Mr. Barnard was not 
in sympathy with Mr. Whitefield. He did not believe in 
itinerancy, he was no enthusiast, but had a supreme regard for 
propriety. He was himself regarded by some of the clergy 
as belonging to the party of doubtful orthodoxy.^ But, what- 
ever his theology, he disapproved the fanaticism, as he thought 
it, and abhorred what he regarded as the irreverence and im- 
piety of the great evangelist, who denounced the dignitaries 
of the commonwealth and hurled anathemas at its ancient 
and venerable seats of learning. Harvard College and her 
younger, but also honored, sister, Yale College. Nor could 
Mr. Barnard, like some of his brother ministers, overlook the 
evil and find the good in the movement. His name, there- 
fore, heads the list of one of the two Neighboring Associa- 
tions of Ministers in the county who addressed a letter to the 
Associated Ministers of Boston and Charlestown, remonstrat- 
ing on the admission of Mr. Whitefield into their pulpits. 

The North Church prospered in Mr. Barnard's hands. 
Five hundred new members were added, and there were 
twelve hundred baptisms during his ministry. 

In 1753 the North Parish built another new meeting-house. 
Pews sold, January i, 1754, for ^667 \^s. S d. Silver was 
procured for the Communion service, and the pewter "plate" 
formerly used was given to the church in Methuen.^ The 

1 South Church Manual, p. 98. 

2 Parish Records. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC 435 

word plate refers, probably, not to the drinking vessels, for 
before this time the church had silver. ^ 

A new bell was obtained 1755. "Abbot's History " says 
it was presented to the parish by Capt. Nathaniel Frye. The 
Parish records have a vote of thanks to Mr. William Phillips 
of Boston " for his bounty in giving them the purchase of a 
bell." 

The church records are carefully kept during the pastorates 
of the Rev. Mr. Thomas and Mr. John Barnard. They are 
for the most part of little interest for the present generation, 
and yet, to run over their pages is not without instruction. 
They show what careful scrutiny of conduct was kept up as 
a part of Church discipline, how common it was for members 
in good standing to be publicly admonished. To come before 
the church and confess moral obliquities was an every day 
occurrence. At almost every meeting some offender was 
dealt with. To omit all mention of these facts would be to 
give a partial view of the life of the past, to create an erro- 
neous and a discouraging impression of the superior excel- 
lence of the former times as compared with the later days. 
The biographies of eminent men and women present them 
for the most part on state occasions, and their unflawed per- 
fection strikes us as impossible. It is beneficial, therefore to 
get a glimpse of the masses of men and women, church mem- 
bers, in their every day life when they are beset and often 
overcome by temptation, and to see how their frailties and 
falls were dealt with by their brethren. A few selections 
have therefore been made to illustrate the earlier church dis- 
cipline. The grosser and more revolting memoranda, some 
of which the ministers have thought fit to put on record in 
the Latin, rather than in plain English, it has not been thought 
necessary to present. But for truth's sake it must be said 

1 The silver is massive and elegant. It consists of eleven tankards with covers, 
and two flagons. The oldest tankard was given by Mrs. Sarah Martyn, of Bos- 
ton, 1724. The others were the gifts respectively of Benjamin Stevens, Esq., 
1728; Mrs. Mary Aslebe, 1739; Ebenezer Osgood, 1745; Peter Osgood, 1754, 
in fulfilment of the desire of his grandfather, Timothy Osgood ; widow Elizabeth 
Abbot, 1756 ; Capt. Timothy Johnson, 1761. There are three inscribed " For the 
Use of the First Church of Christ in Andover, a. d. 1728," one " 1729." The 
two flagons were given, one by Benjamin Barker, 1765, the other in 1801, by 
Capt. Peter Osgood. 



436 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

they are not a few. But bearing in mind that the church 
to some extent exercised the functions of a local court and 
police, and that offences then received harsher names than 
they now receive, we may correct our possibly too severe 
judgment of the morals of the church in the early part of the 
eighteenth century. 

Another matter of surprise in reading the record of these 
times, in regard to the church discipline, is the indiscriminate 
way in which the censure of trifles is mixed up with that of 
flagrant offences ; a harsh criticism of a minister or a church 
officer, or an indolent disposition, subjecting a member to as 
severe treatment as some outrage of the moralities of so- 
ciety : — 

" Voted (1729), that Lawrence shall make a Publick con- 
fession for his neglect of the Publick worship, and for the Idle, 
lazy life he has lived for these many years." 

The above-named offender was repeatedly admonished; he 
confessed again and again, with promises of amendment, but 
at last was " suspended for neglecting to labour and y* pub- 
lick worship." 

" Voted [1731], that I [the pastor] dispense admonition in the 

name of the church, to the wife of Joseph , who has for 

some years been under suspension for her intemperance. " 

This case was several times brought up, and " essay made 
to bring her to the sight of her sins that her excommunica- 
tion may be prevented.". It is noticeable that the step of ex- 
communication was rarely and reluctantly taken, except for 
heresy or long absence from divine worship. Something of 
the spirit of the ancient church seemed to linger even in the 
Puritan colonies, which invested excommunication with a 
peculiar solemnity, and made them hesitate to pronounce a 
sentence which might be far-reaching in its consequences. 
Drunkenness was a crying sin of the time. Men and women 
were alike guilty, and often discipHned : — 

''Feb., 1746. The church voted on the case of William 's 

wife, accused of being distempered with drhik on the last Thanks- 
giving Day, Suspended from communion till publick satisfaction 
be made." 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 437 

It is to be observed that the grossest sins were treated as 
atoned for by confession : — 

" Elizabeth and Hannah confessed .... in Pub- 

Hck, upon which y" church restored them to church privileges." 

" Voted, that be allowed to make a confession for unlaw- 
ful and filthy conversation Voted, the confession to be full 

and satisfactory. 

" Voted, that communicants who have fallen into scandalous 
transgressions shall forbear coming to y* sacrament for some time 
after their confession. 

" made her confession for scandals. The church accepted 

her confession. Voted, that the two above-mentioned shall have 
liberty to come to y* Lord's table." 

Of many offenders, one severely dealt with and held up to 
reprobation by the pastor's memorandum was Timothy . 

" Voted, that Timothy , jr., make a publick confession for 

his false and uncharitable reflexion upon me [Mr. Barnard] in a 
complaint, and for sinful passion and expressing himself prophanely 
and uncharitably." 

Such an offence as an " uncharitable reflexion " upon the 
minister was deemed deserving of grave treatment. Three 
ministers from neighboring churches were called in, with a 
brother from each church. After a great deal of voting and 
admonishing, the offender made confession and was " restored 
to full communion." 

A passer of counterfeit money was less severely dealt 
with : — 

"1739* Joseph is suspended for Feloniously uttering 

two 5 pound Bills counterfeit of the Colony of Rhoad Island. 

1743, acceptance of acknowledgment of Joseph and voted 

restoration to his former church Privileges." 

One of the methods of visiting the sins of the fathers upon 
the children seems (considering the prevalent doctrine that 
the unbaptized had no promise of salvation), to savor of in- 
justice and cruelty to the innocent : — 

" Voted (1731), that Saml. for abusing Nathan Parker at 

the Tavern shall be deprived of the Priviledge of bringing his chil- 
dren to Baptism. — i735« The above satisfied the church, and was 
admitted to bring a child to baptism." 



438 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Some of the members of the North Parish of Andover 
were, in 1740, set off to the North Parish in Boxford, and 
permitted to pay their parish rates there, but to do this they 
were obliged first to get the sanction of the General Court, 
so intimate was the connection of church and state, even 
down to a comparatively recent date. The members who 
petitioned to go to the Boxford church were Ephraim Fos- 
ter, Joseph Robinson, John Foster, David Foster, Moses Fos- 
ter, Joseph Robinson, Jr., Timothy Sessions, also, in 1746, 
John Barker, Sen., John Barker, Jr., Nathan Barker, Widow 
Lacy. 

The Rev. John Barnard ministered thirty-eight years in 
the North Parish of Andover. He died suddenly, June 14, 
1757, aged sixty-seven years. The parish appropriated twenty 
pounds to defray his funeral expenses. 

Mr. Barnard was married, 1725, to Miss Sarah Osgood, by 
Mr. Samuel Phillips. At the time of his death he had two 
sons settled in the ministry : Mr. Thomas Barnard, the eldest, 
had been seventeen years before ordained pastor of the 
church in Newbury, and in 1755 had settled as pastor of the 
First Church in Salem. Mr. Edward Barnard had been fif- 
teen years pastor of the First Church in Haverhill. Both 
these sons of the Rev. John Barnard, of Andover, were 
among the eminent preachers of their day. The son of the 
Rev. Thomas Barnard, of the First Church of Salem, of the 
same name as his father, also settled as a minister in Salem, 
over the North Church, where he lived till 18 14. Thus from 
the Rev. Thomas Barnard, the first, of Andover, 1682, to the 
Rev. Thomas Barnard who died at Salem, 18 14, there was 
an unbroken line of ministerial succession in Essex County 
of one hundred and thirty-two years. The Rev. John Bar- 
nard had one daughter, wife of the Rev. Dr. Tucker, of New- 
bury, also a son, John Barnard, who died while a student in 
Harvard College. 

The gravestone of Mr. John Barnard is as devoid of fune- 
ral eulogium as was that of his father. But though the par- 
ish and the family of the pastor, either by his request or 
their own choice, refrained from monumental inscriptions of 
praise, they have not left their minister without a memorial. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 439 

The book of " Records for y" North Precinct of y^ Tovvne of 
Andover" has a memorandum in the clear, beautiful hand- 
writing of the then parish clerk, Dea. (the Hon.) Samuel 
Phillips : — 

" The Character of y" Revd. Mr. Jno. Barnard, Deed. Takefi 
from y" Publick Prints, viz. : 

"Andover, y/tne 20, 1757. 
"Last Sanday, being y^ 14th Instant, Dec'd here of a Violent 
Fever, of a few days' continuance, the Revd. John Barnard, Pas- 
tor of y^ first church & Congregation in this Town in y* 68"' year 
of his age and 39th of his Ministry. He was second son of the 
Revd. Tho'. Barnard, whom he succeeded in y* pastoral office. 
He was a man of strict piety towards God, which shone in a pe- 
culiar manner, as it was attended with every social virtue, — Benev- 
olence, Friendship, & Hospitality in an Eminent Degree. He was 
a sound Divine, Laborious in every part of his sacred office. Nor 
was his usefulness confined to the Ministerial work. But being a 
thoro" classic schoUar he was in his youth for divers years Master 
of the North Grammar School in Boston, and thro' y* Greater part 
of his life educated members for y*" College : So that he formed 
many for Service who now make a Conspicuous figure in y" church 
and Commonwealth. The Bereaved Flock are Hearty and Sincere 
Mourners. The flock who for seventy years, during his Father's 
ministry and his own, have Enjoyed a Series of Peace & Love, per- 
haps beyond what is common. He has left a sorrowful Widow and 
Three children, and had y* comfort to see his offspring agreeably 
settled before his Departure." 

The friendship between the Rev. Samuel Phillips of the 
South Parish and Mr. Barnard was cordial. When, on the 
death of a young man of promise, Mr. Barnard preached, and 
subsequently printed, a funeral sermon, the Rev. Mr. Phillips 
prefaced it with some remarks upon the author, and his own 
relations to him, expressing his opinion that the son made 
good the place of the father, as far as any man could. 

The printed discourses of the Rev. John Barnard were, 
besides the one on the death of Mr. Abiel Abbot, one at the 
ordination of the Rev. Timothy Walker, of Concord, N. H., 
and an election sermon, 1746. 

During the pastorate of Mr, John Barnard, several young 
men were ordained to the ministry. Following are brief 
memoranda of their life and ministry. 



440 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" Chaplain Jonathan Frye, son of Capt. James Frye, graduated 
at Harvard College, 1723. His tragic fate, being wounded in 
Lovewell's fight with the Indians, and dying alone in the woods, 
has been described in a previous chapter. 

Rev. Andrew Peters, son of Samuel Peters, graduated (H. U.) 
1723. He was teacher of the Grammar School at Andover, or- 
dained the first minister of Middleton, October, 1729. He died 
1756. He was a large muscular man, and sometimes enforced his 
preaching by action. Once, being roused by an assault on his 
negro servant, he threw off his coat and proceeded to inflict con- 
dign punishment on the assailant, exclaiming, " Lie there, Divinity, 
while I chastise this rascal." 

Rev. John Blunt, son of William Blunt (South Parish), gradu- 
ate of Harvard University, 1727, was ordained minister of New- 
castle, N. H., 1732. He was honored in his parish, and continued 
his ministry with them until his death, which occurred in 1748, 
when he was forty-two years old. 

Rev. James Chandler, son of Thomas Chandler, graduate of 
Harvard College, 1728, was ordained minister of the second parish 
of Rowley (Georgetown), 1732. He was minister of this parish 
more than fifty-six years, and lived to the age of eighty-three years; 

Rev. Thomas Barnard, son of the Rev. John Barnard, grad- 
uated at Harvard College, 1732, was ordained pastor of the Second 
Church, Newbury, 1738, and afterward of the First Church in 
Salem. He had some difficulties in his first pastorate on account 
of doctrinal opinions, and gave up preaching. He then studied 
law and practised for a time, but returned to the ministry, and in 
1755 accepted the call to Salem, where he was greatly beloved and 
respected. His son. Rev. Thomas Barnard, became minister of 
the North Church, Salem. 

Rev. Phineas Stevens, son of Ebenezer Stevens, was a grad- 
uate of Harvard College, 1734. He was ordained minister of 
Boscawen, N. H., 1740. 

Hon. John Phillips, graduate of Harvard College 1735, foun- 
der of Phillips Academies, Exeter and Andover ; preached for a 
time, but was not ordained. His relinquishing his design of be- 
ing a minister is said to have been due in part to distrust of his 
ability to perform the duties of the office after he had heard them 
described by the evangelist, George Whitefield. But he devoted 
his money to founding religious and educational institutions for 
training youth in piety and virtue. 

Rev. Samuel Chandler, son of Josiah Chandler, graduated at 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC 44 1 

Harvard College, 1735, was ordained pastor of the Second Church, 
York, Me., 1742, and in 1751 colleague pastor of the First 
Church in Gloucester, of which he became sole pastor 1760. He 
died 1775. 

Rev. Edward Barnard, son of the Rev. John Barnard, grad- 
uated at Harvard College, 1736, was ordained in Haverhill, 1743. 
He also suffered some reproach for his doctrinal beliefs, but was 
sustained by the majority of his parish. "The good scholar, the 
great divine, the exemplary Christian and minister, eminently a 
man of prayer, as a preacher equalled by few, excelled by none," is 
the epitaph which describes his character. He died 1774, aged 53, 

Mr. Abiel Abbot, son of Dea. John Abbot, of the South 
Church, a student of Divinity, was a graduate of Harvard College, 
1737. He died 1739. The sermon preached on his death is the 
first printed memorial discourse found in the town. It was preached 
by the Rev. John Barnard, with a preface to the printed discourse 
by the Rev. Samuel Phillips. It pays a high tribute to the charac- 
ter of the deceased. 

Rev. John Chandler, son of Thomas Chandler, graduate of 
Harvard College, 1743, was ordained minister of Billerica 1747. 

Mr. Abiel Foster, son of Capt. Asa Foster, was a graduate 
of Harvard College, 1756, ordained minister of Canterbury, N. H- 
After a time he relinquished the charge of a parish, and became 
prominent in civil affairs in his adopted State, being successively 
representative to the Legislature, State Senator, and member of 
Congress. 

Nathan Holt, son of Nicholas Holt, graduated, 1757, at Har- 
vard College, was ordained minister of the Second Church at Dan- 
vers 1759, Mr, Phillips preaching the sermon. 

Jacob Emery, a graduate of Harvard College, 1761, was or- 
dained at Pembroke, N. H., 1768. 

Moses Holt, a son of Jonathan Holt, graduated at Harvard 
College, 17673 preached a short time; entered into business at 
Portland. 

We turn now to the pastorate of the first minister of the 
South Church, the Rev. Samuel Phillips. While the North, the 
First Church of Andover, was prospering and increasing, the 
South or Second Church ^ was likewise in a flourishing con- 
dition. Its history ^ having been already written by one of 

1 First church in the present town of Andover. 

2 Manual of the South Church, by Rev. George Mooar. 



442 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

its pastors, himself a native of Andover, to enter into minute 
details here would be needless. Indeed, the growth of one 
of the early churches is similar to the growth of all. Many 
of the facts of this sketch are taken from the " South Church 
Manual," while some are derived directly from the parish 
records, which are remarkably clear and accurate. 

The first meeting-house was occupied for worship January, 
1 710. It was built at a cost of ;!^io8. " No account of its 
size and style is preserved in the parish records," says the 
" Church Manual " ; but it has seemed to the writer of these 
sketches that inference may be made in regard to the style 
of the meeting-house from the vote in the town records. 
The style and size of the meeting-house had been decided 
on before the division of the parishes ; the only difference of 
opinion, then, being as to the location. Therefore, the meet- 
ing-house was probably built as the vote had been for its 
construction before the dispute began, namely : " fifty-six 
foot long, fifty foot wide, and twenty-two foot stud, and with a 
square roof without dormans with two Lucoms on each side." 

This meeting-house stood till 1734. Then a second house 
was built, " after the same form and fashion as the old, fifty- 
six feet long, forty-four feet wide, thirty feet between plate 
and sill." 

The same amount of voting and seating attended the build- 
ing of this meeting-house that has been described in connec- 
tion with the North Parish. The meeting-house was dedica- 
ted May 19, 1734, It was occupied for worship unti 1787. 
It was preeminently a historic meeting-house. When, by 
the growth of the parish, the establishment of institutions 
of learning, and the distinguished part taken in public affairs 
by the sons of its minister and their descendants, Andover 
became a name of note in the Commonwealth, the South 
Meeting-house welcomed to its pews many an occasional vis- 
itor of distinction and many regular attendants of learning, 
piety, and patriotism. To name the men who occasionally 
sat in its pulpit or pews would be to make a list of professors 
of Harvard College, governors of the Commonwealth, judges, 
theologians, patriots, and officers of the Revolution. There 
is scarcely one of the prominent Massachusetts men, actors 




OLD SOUTH "MINISTRY HOUSE" 
\Hame of Reii Samuel Phillips nu:i Rev. Jonathan French.] 




ABBOT ACADEMY. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 443 

in the Revolution, who might not, without violating proba- 
bility, be imagined at some time to have stood within the 
South Meeting-house. And of eminent men, prospective, 
there were many in the troops of boys and youth who occu- 
pied the " three back seats " in the lower front gallery, — 
students of Phillips Academy. 

One of these students, the Hon. Josiah Quincy, President 
of Harvard College, has given a graphic description ^ of the 
meeting-house, as he remembered it at the time when he 
wrote, after the lapse of a half century. He describes the 
people trooping to church in great crowds, the " innumera- 
ble " horse-blofks around the meeting-house, where the 
women dismounted from their seats on the pillion behind 
their male escort ; and then the meeting-house itself, a three- 
story building which, to the child's mind, seemed a vast and 
mighty structure, its two tiers of galleries and their occu- 
pants, the tything-man with his long pole, or rod of office, 
with which he would rap on the wall ever and anon, to the 
terror of mischievous boys and sleeping elders, — all the Sab- 
bath-day scenes of those ancient times at Andover are vividly 
delineated by the pen of a master. 

At the time of the erection of the meeting-house, a par- 
sonage was also built (the gambrel-roofed house southeast of 
the church), forty-three feet long, twenty feet wide, and four- 
teen feet stud. It is no longer used as a parsonage, but oc- 
cupied as a private residence. Its quaint construction and 
its pleasant situation, the beautiful lawn and arching elm 
trees, as well as its historic associations, make this one of 
the most interesting places in Andover. 

The parsonage lands — fifty-four acres — were sold after 
the death of the second pastor, and by the sale the " Minis- 
terial Fund " was obtained. 

The Rev. Samuel Phillips, the first minister of the 
South Parish, was son of Samuel Phillips, goldsmith, of Sa- 
lem, grandson of Rev. Samuel Phillips, of Rowley, and great- 
grandson of Rev. George Phillips, who came to the colony 
in 1630, and was the first minister of Watertown. He grad- 
uated at Harvard College, 1708, and was for a time a teacher. 

^ See South Church Manual. 



444 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

He preached for a year before he was settled. In 171 1, Oc- 
tober 7th, he was ordained, and the church organized. It 
consisted of thirty-five members, all but three of whom were 
from the First Church and Parish. There were fourteen 
male members. Rev. Samuel Phillips (the pastor), Christo- 
pher Osgood, Dea. John Abbot, George Abbot, Dea. William 
Lovejoy, Francis Dane, John Russ, William Johnson, Ralph 
Farnum, Thomas Chandler, Nehemiah Abbot, John Johnson, 
William Foster, William Chandler. 

During the ministry of Mr. Phillips, fifty-nine years, 574 
communicants were added to the church, and 2,143 bap- 
tized. 

The same remarks which have been made in regard to the 
discipline of the North Church are generally true of the 
South Church. Says the author of the " South Church Man- 
ual " in regard to this subject : " The chief causes for disci- 
pline for one hundred and twenty-five years were fornication 
and drunkenness. He who investigates the records of this 
or any other church for the same period will be astonished 
at the comparative prevalence of those vices as compared 
with the present time. Numerous confessions of these sins 
are preserved. Many of them, especially of the former class, 
are from those who belonged at least to the middle class of 
the community For many years after the organiza- 
tion of the church a case of final exclusion seldom occurred." 

One " sin," as Mr. Phillips named it, he preached against, 
which seldom at the present day receives such rebuke as he 
thought necessary to administer, but which is now of much 
more frequent occurrence, — the day (whether for good or 
for ill) having gone by when an Andover audience would 
listen to with approval, and request the publication of, such 
a discourse as that in 1767 upon the death of one of their 
townsmen: "His name," says his pastor, "as many think, 
had best to be buryd in oblivion," for " he yielded to the 
temptation of the enemy of souls, kept the devil's counsel 
concealed, nor did any person suspect that he was under the 
said temptation, until, being missed, he was found hanging in 
his own barn." 

The deceased was one of the most respected citizens of 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 445 

the town, a member of the church, a man of unblemished 
character, and a remarkably gentle and sensitive nature, and 
not infrequently, as such persons are apt to be, inclined to 
despondency. 

He had some difficulties and perplexities in regard to his 
lands and estate, and had fallen into a melancholy state of 
mind, but not enough so to create apprehension, or even to 
attract special attention until after the sad event of his 
death. 

This was the first instance, Mr. Phillips said in his ser- 
mon, of such an occurrence during his ministry. "An oc- 
casion qtiite new as well as very atvfiil, such as, I think, has 
not occurred among us till now, since I came into this place, 
and I pray God that we may never see the like again." ^ 

Mr. Phillips's sermon, printed with a ghastly title-page, 
headed with skull and cross-bones, and bordered with black, 
although terrible to the friends of the deceased, was, perhaps, 
in some respects salutary for the reflection of the community. 
In other respects its effects were permanently harmful, and 
did an injury to the family of the deceased which their pas- 
tor was the last man to have wished ; for he himself cau- 
tioned his hearers against any such result, begging them to 
be careful of wounding the feelings of the bereaved. Yet 
such was the sentiment of the community, pastor and people, 
that the deceased was not permitted to be buried with the 
family in the burying-yard of the South Church, but was laid 
in a lonely grave on the farm under an oak tree ; and such a 
horror of the deed brooded over the household that the name 
of the father was no more mentioned, and his son's son, born 
and brought up on the ancestral homestead, never heard the 
name of his grandfather, or allusion made to him, by the 
family, and only learned the story of the solitary grave from 
an old servant. 

Mr. Phillips did not hesitate to address his hearers, after 
the fashion of the time, upon the subject of their behavior in 
church. In a sermon delivered after the great earthquake in 

1 A few years afterward, one of the principal citizens of the North Parish, a 
former representative to the General Court, committed suicide in despair in 
regard to his eternal salvation. 



446 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

1755 he admonished the congregation upon the duty of watch- 
fuhiess, and of being ready to meet the summons of the Lord ; 
and he especially rebuked some for their inattentive manners 
in the House of God : " Sleeping away great part of sermon- 
time. But," he says, since the " Glorious Lord of the Sab- 
bath " has " given them sjicJi a sJiaking of late," he hopes to 
see no more sleepers in meeting-time. 

Among his private papers is one that shows his determina- 
tion to have good order. It is a warrant signed by the jus- 
tice, Peter Fry, at Salem, 1769, for the arrest of a youth who 
in time of divine service " sported and played, and by inde- 
cent Gestures and Wry faces, caused laughter and misbe- 
havior in the Beholders, and thereby greatly disturbed the 
Congregation." 

The pastor of the South Church was, says the Rev, Dr. 
Mooar, a " decided and zealous Calvinist, in strictest confor- 
mity to the Westminster Catechism, .... yet with these 
strong doctrinal opinions, he was able to unite his own peo- 
ple, and to maintain fellowship with the neighboring clergy- 
men of a looser and dangerous creed." He was very just, 
and demanded justice from his people in their dealings with 
him, instructing them when they were delinquent in pay- 
ment of his salary, that it was no excuse for their delinquency 
that he was not absolutely dependent on it for support, — as 
he says, " that through the mercy of God I have some small 
means of my own." He was rigidly economical in his house- 
hold. It is said that he blew out the candle when he began 
his evening prayer, and relighted it at the conclusion, which, 
no doubt, in the course of a year would amount to a consid- 
erable length of time saved in the burning. 

He married Miss Hannah White, daughter of the Hon. 
John White, of Haverhill. She was a lady of dignity and 
shared with her husband his parochial charge, going with 
him to make annual visits, riding on a pillion on the same 
horse. Madam Phillips was for almost sixty years her hus- 
band's companion, and outlived him two years, dying 1773, 
aged eighty-one years. When they went to meeting on Sun- 
day Madam Phillips walked, leaning on her husband's arm, 
from the parsonage to the meeting-house, Mr. Phillips hav- 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 447 

ing his negro man-servant at his right hand, and Madam 
Phillips her negro maid-servant on her left hand. The fam- 
ily followed them in procession, according to age. The male 
members of the congregation who had been standing out- 
side, as soon as the minister's family appeared hastened into 
the meeting-house, and when the pastor entered, the congre- 
gation arose and remained standing till he reached the pulpit 
and took his seat. Also at the close of service the congre- 
gation stood until the pastor and family had passed out. 

The Rev. Samuel Phillips died June 5, 1771. He was 
buried in the South Burying-ground. The ancient tomb- 
stone has been replaced by a modern one. Six ministers 
were pall-bearers. They received presents of rings and 
gloves. 

Mr. Phillips had three sons and two daughters : — 

The daughters: Mary, born 17 12; married to Mr. Samuel 
Appleton, of Haverhill. Lydia, born 17 17; married to Parker 
Clark, M, D., of Andover. 

The sons : Hon. Samuel Phillips, born 1715, died 1790. Hon. 
John Phillips, LL. D., born 17 19, died 1795. Hon. William Phil- 
lips, born 1722, died 1804. 

Mr. Phillips's published discourses were more than all those 
of his predecessors and contemporaries, — some ^ twenty or 
more sermons and tracts. 

Nearly thirteen years before the death of the Rev. Mr. 
Phillips the fifth minister of the North Church was settled. 
Mr. Phillips thus being the contemporary and friend of three 
successive ministers of the North Parish. 

The Rev. William Symmes, D. D., the fifth minister of 
the First Church, stands out a conspicuous figure on the 
background of the past. His long pastorate of nearly a half 
century, covering almost the entire period of the French and 
Indian war and the Revolution ; his prudence and modera- 
tion during the heated feeling, and often injudicious action, 
of his brother ministers of those trying times ; his patience 
under the privations that resulted to him personally from the 
depreciation of the Continental currency in which his salary 

^ See South Church Manual. 



448 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

was paid ; his patriarchal rule of mingled dignity and sim- 
plicity ; his honorable descent, and his distinguished poster- 
ity, make his name one of the most memorable in the eccle- 
siastical annals of the Parish. 

Dr. Symmes was son of William Symmes, of Charlestown, 
and great-grandson of the Rev. Zechariah Symmes, the 
first minister of Charlestown. He was nephew to the Rev. 
Thomas Symmes, minister of Boxford and of Bradford (1702- 
1725). He was born 1728, graduated at Harvard College 
1750, and received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from this 
college, being the first minister of Andover on whom it was 
conferred. 

He was tutor of Harvard College three years before his 
settlement at Andover. He was married 1758, November i. 

A copy of the sermon preached at his ordination, and 
printed in Boston, has been preserved in the Parish. It is 
marked with the name of a citizen who, doubtless, heard it 
preached, "Timothy Noyes, His Book, 1759." The preacher 
was the Rev. Mr. Cooke, pastor of the Second Church, Cam- 
bridge. 

The Parish voted to pay Mr. Symmes seventy pounds sal- 
ary, to be increased to eighty after ten years' service ; also 
wood and use of parsonage lands. After the depreciation of 
the currency they voted to make an appropriation to reim- 
burse him for his losses, but he relinquished a large part of it. 

The theological tenets of Mr. Symmes were even less of 
the Calvinistic school than those of his predecessors. He, 
it was said, inclined to Arianism, yet he maintained friendly 
relations with ministers who disagreed with him in some 
points of doctrine, and rarely engaged in controversy. He 
and the Rev. Mr. French, of the South Church, exchanged 
pulpits monthly for a course of lectures. 

The printed discourses of Dr. Symmes are : " A Lecture 
on Psalmody," a Thanksgiving sermon, the Election Sermon, 
1785. 

All Dr. Symmes's manuscripts were, by his order, destroyed 
before his death. He died May 3, 1807. The funeral sermon 
was preached by Dr. Cummings, of Billerica. 

The tombstone or monument of Dr. Symmes is in the Old 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 449 

North Burying-Ground. It was erected by his son-in-law, 
Mr. Isaac Cazeneau, and was similar in style to the monu- 
ment of the Hon. Samuel Phillips, an oblong pile of masonry 
surmounted by a transverse stone slab, bearing an inscription 
in memory of the pastor, also of his " Relict," Mrs. Susanna 
Symmes. 

Mrs. Susanna Symmes,^ 
Relict of the late Rev. William Symmes, D. D., 
Who departed this life 
July 26'^ 1807, 
aged 79 years. 

Dr. Symnies married for his first wife {1759), Anna, daugh- 
ter of the Rev. Joshua Gee, of Boston. She died 1772, aged 
thirty-three. She was the mother of nine children, all but 
two of whom died before the death of their father. Four are 
buried beside her : Convers, aged one month and eleven 
days, died September 4, 1770; Lydia and Charlotte, twins, 
born December 29, 1771, died the next day ; and Miss Eliza- 
beth Symmes, aged nineteen years, died August 13, 1784. 
William Symmes, Esq., the eldest son, was born 1760. He 
was a graduate of Harvard College, 1780, and was counsellor 
at law, Andover, the first lawyer in practice in the town. He 
removed to Portland, and died 1807, January 14, four months 
before the death of his father. 

Dr. Joshua Gee Symmes, Surgeon of the U. S. SXooy) Ports- 
mouth, died at sea 179^, and was buried on the Island of To- 
bago. 

Dr. Theodore Symmes was a physician at Falmouth and 
New Gloucester. 

Anna, Mrs. Isaac Cazeneau, lived in Andover. She died 
1849. 

Daniel Symmes removed about 1791 to Pendleton, South 
Carolina. His son. Dr. Frederick William Symmes, was ed- 
itor and proprietor of the " Pendleton Messenger." 

A son of the latter is Whitner Symmes, Esq., Greenville, 
S. C, who was an officer with the rank of Major in the Con- 
federate service. 

Not a few aged persons now living remember " Parson 

^ Susanna Powell. 
29 



450 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Symmes," as he looked in the later years of his ministry, his 
corpulent figure, his white bush-wig, his stately bearing, as 
he stood in the pulpit under the great sounding board, and 
surveyed the congregation like a venerable parent, looking 
down benignantly upon his children. Many are the anec- 
dotes told of his somewhat austere rule of his household, and 
the devices of the young folks to carry out their plans of 
party-going without their father's suspecting what was on 
foot ; for Parson Symmes, though counted lax in doctrine, 
was fully up to the Puritan standard in regard to amusements 
and festivities, especially for ministers' sons and daughters. 

A story of one of Dr. Symmes's wedding services is re- 
lated on the authority of a clergyman, whose father, a med- 
ical student with Dr. Thomas Kittredge, heard it from the 
family. 

A colored servant in the household, Cato (the narrator 
thinks this was the name, but whether Cato, or Cassar, or 
any other namesake of the ancient Romans does not affect 
the story), was about to be married. Dr. Symmes had been 
asked to perform the ceremony, and the whole family and 
other guests were there to grace the occasion. Cato had 
been presented by his master with a suit of small-clothes, 
and a piece of money for the wedding fee, a half crown. Im- 
pressed with the responsibility of the money, and not know- 
ing just when and where the fee was to come in, Cato kept 
eyes and ears open for the minister's every word and action. 
" Let us pray," said Dr. Symmes, stretching out his hand as 
he spoke, as is a manner of some ministers. " Let us pay " 
heard the nervous bridegroom, and thrusting his hand into 
his pocket he brought out the half crown and placed it in the 
minister's outspread palm, before the voice of supplication 
awoke him to the consciousness that the summons was not 
to paying but to praying. 

The Parish Records during Dr. Symmes's pastorate con- 
tain little that is essentially different from the customs and 
methods of the preceding pastorates. 

In 1766 it was voted that "All the English women in the 
Parish who marry or associate with Negro or Melatto-men 
be seated in the Meeting-House with the Negro-women." 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 45 I 

In 1769 a grave matter occupied the parish mind, namely 
(as it is indexed on the records), " Womens Hats : " — 

" Being put to vote whether the parish Disapprove of the Female 
Sex seting with their Hats on in the Meeting-house, in the Time 
of Divine Service, as being Indecent. It passed in the affirma- 
tive." 

In 1 77 1 the parish voted their thanks to "Mr. Nathan 
Barker and Mr. John Pearson, for their good services as 
Quiristers for many years past, and Messrs. John Peabody, 
John Willson, John Abbot, 3^ Thos. Spafford, John Adams, 
John Ingalls, Jacob Stevens, and James Bridges, Junr., were 
chosen to lead in singing for ye future." 

In 1798, "chose a committe to consult the Rev. Mr. 
Symmes about having a vial in the meeting-house on' days 
of public worship," and the committee report " Jie 's 110 objec- 
tion'^ 

Dr. Symmes preached a sermon, or lecture, on " Church 
Psalmody," and during his ministry the old singing-books of 
Brady and Tate, which had succeeded Sternhold and Hop- 
kins, were superseded by Belknap's. 

The old meeting-house, although it stood long after Dr. 
Symmes's day (till 1835), was really a relic of the ancient 
time. Its demolition may, therefore, be fitly mentioned in 
connection with the minister, who, for almost fifty years, oc- 
cupied its pulpit. The description is from an anonymously 
published pamphlet, " The Old Parish Church : " — 

" It chanced that on a summer's day 
We youngsters left our work or play 
And sallied out to help the people 
Pull down the good old Parish Steeple. 
The house unto its bones was stripped, — 
The tower-braces were out-ripped, 
And many a stout foundation-stone 
From underneath its feet was gone, — 
And tower and spire now stood alone. 
We pulled and shouted — but no fall ; 
The tower would shake, but that was all. 
At last a bold mechanic pried 
The last sustaining stone aside : 
A thrill went up from base to spire ; 
Was it of horror or of ire ? 
Slowly the spire forsook its trust, 



452 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Then head-long plunged against the plain, 
Dashing to chaos and to dust : 
While we who long had watched the vane, 
A large gilt Rooster, rushed to see, 
Soon as the dust could blow away, 
"Where his carcase huge might be. 
Perhaps deep down in mother clay ! 
For we had oft and oft been told 
By the town's ancient men and wise 
That an ox-wagon scarce could hold 
The bird, so monstrous was his size. 
Well, after search, we found him out, 
But then no grand triumphant shout 
Went up to verify our tale. 



We found his roostership to be 
Like many fallen from high degree, 
But little less than vanity." 

This ancient edifice of the First Church was the longest 
lived of any of the old Andover meeting-houses. More than 
four-score years its walls stood. Its bell rang the day of His 
Majesty George the Third's ascension of the throne, sum- 
moned the minute-men to oppose the tyrannical officers ; 
pealed the Declaration of Independence, and the election of 
the first President of the United States and of seven suc- 
cessive presidents, and still the ancient building showed no 
signs of decay, but was only out of date. " If they had let 
it stand," said an old man to the writer, " it would have been 
better than the one they have now." Its porch removed to 
the manufacturing village near the Merrimack, and fitted up 
for a part of a dwelling-house, is still doing service. The 
pew walls (which were carved at the top into rounds like 
some ancient chair-backs) made a good and unique fence for 
the front yard of a neighboring house, west of the Common. 
They have now disappeared. One of the high-backed chairs 
is still kept in a house near the church. 

Contemporary with the latter part of Mr. Symmes's minis- 
try was that of the Rev. Jonathan French, in the South 
Parish, 1772 to 1809. Mr. French was born at Braintree, 
January 30, 1740. He was of the Pilgrim stock, his mother 
being a great-granddaughter of John Alden. Bred on a farm, 
he at seventeen enlisted as a private in the French War, and 
was sent to Fort Edward. Thence, after a few months, he 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 453 

came back to Boston on account of ill health, but not with- 
out having done some valorous deeds in Indian fighting. He 
was stationed at Castle William, with the rank of Sergeant. 
Fond of books, he took to studying medicine here and prac- 
tised surgery, but finally, by advice of friends who discovered 
his talent, he resolved to enter the ministry, and to that end 
set about fitting for college while still doing military duty. 
This he accomplished, and delivered up his sword only on 
the day when he entered a Freshman at Harvard. He was 
then twenty-seven years old. He graduated at the age of 
thirty-one. He had intended to be a missionary to the In- 
dians (perhaps from compunctions derived from his experi- 
ence and observation in the Indian fighting by Christians), 
but his plans were changed by his receiving a call to supply 
the pulpit of the South Church at Andover. This was given 
through the influence of Samuel Phillips, Jr., Esq., a class- 
mate in college of Mr. French, with whom he had formed a 
warm friendship. At the age of thirty-two Mr. French be- 
gan his pastorate, which continued thirty-seven years. He 
was an acceptable preacher in the parish. Less nice than 
his predecessor had been about fine points of doctrine, he 
sought rather to exercise his people in practical virtues than 
in subtleties of speculation, or than to ground them in doc- 
trine. He was, therefore, by some suspected of being not 
quite sound in the faith. He, however, was a diligent cate- 
chist of the children, and visited the schools often to see that 
the duty of learning the catechism was not neglected. 

An active participant in town affairs, a zealous patriot, and 
a promoter of every proper measure of Revolutionary ten- 
dency, he showed even in his peaceful profession his military 
training and ardor. In this respect he differed from the 
minister of the North Parish, who was " conservative " (to 
a fault, some people thought), but who, after the struggle 
fairly began, seems to have been a patriot in his sympathies, 
although he regarded it as not a necessary part of a minis- 
ter's duty to take interest in political matters. But Parson 
French could not be inactive. On Sunday morning, when 
news of the battle of Bunker Hill came, he took no scrupu- 
lous counsel concerning Sabbat^"" -breaking, but started for 



454 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the battle-field with his musket in hand, and his case of sur- 
geon's implements and medicines, and, no doubt, as became 
a minister, with his Bible also. He rendered valuable aid 
that day, caring for the wounded and administering comfort 
and consolation, physical and spiritual. 

Mr. French, like the other clergy of his day, had almost 
always in his family some young men as students, both those 
who were in the Academy and others who were preparing 
for the ministry. The charming pictures of an aged clergy- 
man's friendship for a boy, drawn by the author of " Wens- 
ley," are, doubtless, derived from the reminiscences and tra- 
ditions of the Hon. Josiah Quincy, told in his family regarding 
Parson French. 

Mr. French's home was noted for its hospitality, although 
frugal, as was necessary in the " hard times," into which the 
country was brought after the war, 

Mr. French married Abigail Richards, daughter of Dr. 
Benjamin Richards, of Weymouth. An incident of their 
courtship has been related to the writer by a granddaughter 
of Mr. French. 

When he decided to study for the ministry, he was en- 
gaged to Miss Richards ; but, taking into consideration the 
long time which would elapse before his studies were finished 
and the changes that time might make, etc., they mutually 
released each other from their promise for seven years (so 
the tradition goes), but they agreed that if, at the expiration 
of that time, eitehr wished to renew the engagement, he or 
she should communicate with the other. The years rolled 
round. Mr. French remained of the same mind, and wrote 
a letter to that effect to Miss Richards. He entrusted the 
letter to the captain of a coasting vessel to carry to Wey- 
mouth. It chanced that the captain was either a rejected 
suitor of Miss Richards or at the time an aspirant for her 
favor. A letter from the young minister to*her was too 
much for his jealousy and curiosity. He broke the seal, 
read the letter, and threw it into the ocean. A brother of 
Miss Richards, while that day bathing in the surf, saw a 
paper floating on the water, secured it, and, to his amaze- 
ment, found it to be addressed to his sister. Thus the lover's 
letter reached its destination. The sequel we know. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 455 

In his household, Mr. French was often subjected to no 
small inconvenience by the neglect of the people to pay his 
salary, — he not having, as had the former pastor, means of 
his own. He was obliged, again and again, to expostulate 
with the parish in regard to their delinquency, and in doing 
this he sometimes showed no little shrewdness. It was cus- 
tomary to pay him partly in firewood, or rather to supply him 
with firewood. On the Sunday when he had read the proc- 
lamation for Thanksgiving, he remarked : " My brethren, 
you perceive that his Excellency has appointed next Thurs- 
day as the day of Thanksgiving, and, according to custom, it 
is my purpose to prepare two discourses for that occasion, 
provided I ca7i zvrite them without a fire." He was ena- 
bled to write the sermons the next day. 

The published discourses of Mr. French were nine ^ ser- 
mons and lectures. 

Mr. French had one son, the Rev. Jonathan French, D. D., 
born August i6, 1777, minister of North Hampton, N. H. 
A son of the latter (Jonathan French) and daughter (Mrs. 
Sereno T. Abbot) live in Andover. 

Mr. French had two daughters: Abigail, born 1776, wife 
of Rev. Samuel Stearns, Bedford ; Mary, born 1784, wife of 
Rev. Ebenezer P. Sperry, Wenham. 

During the pastorate of Mr. French, 1788, a new meeting- 
house was built. The pews were square, there were seats 
near the pulpit for the deacons and the old people. A sound- 
ing-board over the pulpit was inscribed : " Holiness becometh 
thine house, O Lord, forever." This house stood till 1833, 
without any essential changes ; then it was remodelled, and 
the square pews were taken out. Stoves ^ were put in for 
heating the house, in 1821. There was also a building 
called the " noon-house," where the members of the Parish 

1 See South Church Manual. 

2 During the Revolutionary War, Mr. Phillips asked to have the " stoi'es " 
from the meeting-house to use in his powder-works, because his stove was 
cracked. He also wrote to Colonel Pickering that the selectmen of Marblehead 
had consented to his using their stove, and will send a team to " bring the stove, 
if it can be got over to Salem." What these "stoves " were has not been as- 
certained ; but it would seem that they were more than mere small tin foot- 
stoves, such as were used later. 



456 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

who came from a distance ate their luncheon, and in win- 
ter warmed themselves and filled their foot-stoves for af- 
ternoon service in the cold meeting-house, with live coals 
from the great wood-fires kept blazing at both ends of the 
house. In order to avoid the danger of too much gossip 
and waste of time, a plan of reading was devised for the in- 
termission. Some layman of dignity and learning was se- 
lected to read aloud a sermon or devotional exercise. So 
valuable was this custom of reading thought to be by Judge 
Phillips that, at his death, he gave a silver flagon to the 
church as a memorial of his sincere affection and esteem, 
and of his earnest request that " the latidable pi'actice of read- 
ing in the house of public worship between services may be 
continued so long as even a small number shall be disposed 
to attend the exercise." 

Samuel Abbot, Esq., also presented a flagon as a token of 
his appreciation and encouragement of this practice of read- 
ing. 

It is hardly necessary to say that, next to the minister, 
Judge Phillips was the principal spiritual as well as secular 
director of the South Church. His grandfather had been 
the pastor, his influence had placed his class-mate, the Rev. 
Jonathan French, in the South Church pulpit, and though the 
minister never compromised his manliness and official dig- 
nity by undue deference to his distinguished parishioner, it 
was his pleasure and advantage to be largely influenced by 
a man who was preeminently suited to advise in church 
matters. 

Samuel Abbot, Esq., also one of the founders of the Theo- 
logical Institution, was a leading member of the South Church 
for fifty-nine years (175 3-1 8 12). His labors for its welfare 
were great, and his gifts numerous. He gave, besides the 
flagon, to encourage reading, a silver tankard, a bell, a clock, 
large sums for the benefit of the poor of the parish, money 
to lengthen the district schools of the South Parish, and 
thousands of dollars to young men fitting for the ministry. 
But he gave besides, that which makes his other gifts pre- 
eminently significant and valuable, the example of a noble 
life. To quote the expressive words of Dr. Woods in the fu- 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC 4S7 

neral sermon, May 3, 1812 : "A man of God has been among 
you, and by divine grace shown you how to use this world, 
how to live and how to die." 

Mr. Abbot was eighty years old when he died. The im- 
provement of time had been one of the special aims of his 
long life. In presenting a clock to the South Church he 
wrote : " May it prove a convenience to you and your chil- 
dren in the business of life, and a salutary ..monitor of a care- 
ful improvement of that time which is continually passing 
away and can never be recalled." 

Another member of the South Church, who exercised a 
controlling influence during the ministry of Mr. French, was 
Samuel Farrar, Esq. He was one of the committee ap- 
pointed by the pastor's request to assist the deacons and sup- 
plement their office. Mr. Farrar united with the church of 
the Theological Seminary at its establishment in 18 16, he be- 
ing treasurer of the Board of Trustees. His philanthropic 
labors were chiefly in connection with the educational in- 
stitutions, to which he was a generous benefactor. He con- 
tinued through life to cherish a deep interest in the South 
Church, and the last time he attended divine service was 
at the South Meeting-house, on Fast Day, 1864. He was 
ninety-one years old when he died, and had lived in Andover 
sixty-seven years. His influence as a Christian gentleman 
was hardly second to that of any man in Andover. 

In the pastorates of the three contemporary ministers of 
Andover, Dr. Symmes, Mr. Phillips, and Mr. French, sev- 
eral young men ^ were trained for the ministry who exerted 
a marked influence in their time, and have left a permanent 
name in the ecclesiastical annals of the Commonwealth. Fol- 
lowing are some memoranda of their life and ministry : — 

Rev. Stephen Peabody, son of Capt. John Peabody, graduated 
at Harvard College 1769, was ordained at Atkinson, N. H., 1772. 
He was pastor there forty-seven years, till his death, 1819. 

His name is famous in all the ecclesiastical traditions of the re- 
gion about Atkinson. His connection with Atkinson Academy and 
his patriotic stand during the war of the Revolution are alluded to 

1 The names of Jacob Emery and Moses Holt (page 441) strictly belong to 
this period. 



458 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

in other chapters of this history. As a preacher and pastor he was 
greatly revered, and his word in the parish was law. He was ma- 
jestic yet kindly in manner, and though he exacted the deference 
due to his ministerial rank, he was condescending and sympathetic. 
He is generally believed to have been an Arminian in creed, but 
there are different opinions among his biographers in regard to 
this point, as there were also among his contemporary ministers, 
and as there always are in regard to men who take middle ground 
on questions of doctrine. 

Parson or " Sir " Peabody, as he was called, was remarkable for 
his musical ability; he had a rich voice which he used to exercise 
in singing (as he rode on horseback through the woods) snatches 
from oratorios of Handel, and the old anthems then in vogue. 
He also taught his dog to make musical sounds with him, and it 
is said that one Sunday the dog, having followed his master to 
church, joined in the singing, to the great mortification of the 
pastor. 

Rev. David Osgood, D. D., graduate of Harvard College in 1771, 
was for forty-eight years pastor of the church in Medford. He 
went to college at the same time with Lieut. -gov. Samuel Phillips. 
The two young men were put to room together, as young Phillips 
wrote home, in chamber No. 26, Hollis Hall. The advantages for 
college preparation of the two class-mates had been very different. 
Everything that wealth and family connection could do for the one 
had been done, to place him with the best masters and to ensure 
his standing in the college. The other had his own way to make. 
His father was a plain though intelligent farmer, who lived in a re- 
mote district in the west part of the town, far from schools and 
means of culture. But the desire of the lad finally triumphed over 
obstacles. The daughter of the Rev, David Osgood thus writes ^ 
regarding her father's efforts to gain his preparation for col- 
lege : — 

" Upon a Saturday night, as he has often told us, he at length won 
his father's reluctant consent to his proposal, and at break of day on the 
following Monday morning he walked three or four miles in pursuit of 
a young schoolmaster with whom he was slightly acquainted, that he 
might consult him in regard to the books which it would be necessary 
for him to procure and study. From him he heard for the lirst time of 
the Latin Accidence, and obtained the loan of it. This he mastered in 
a short time, and in a few weeks placed himself under the care of the 
Rev. Mr. Emerson, of Hollis, who was in the habit of receiving youths 
into his family." 

1 Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 459 

In sixteen months this earnest student was fitted for college. 
Dr. Osgood was one of the ablest ministers of his time. He took 
an active interest in all the stirring political events, was an ardent 
patriot, a volunteer chaplain at the battle of Bunker Hill, in Col- 
onel Stark's regiment, which was quartered at Medford. Yet he 
abhorred war in itself, and spoke fearlessly his sentiments against 
the war with England in 1812. 

He was a good writer, and his eloquence in the pulpit and ex- 
temporaneous speaking was remarkable. He was catholic in his 
doctrinal creed, and was blamed by some zealots for being too Cal- 
vinistic and by others for being too much an Arminian. He was a 
firm believer in the right of freedom of thought. He died 1822, 
aged seventy-five. 

Prof. John Abbot, son of Capt. John Abbot, was another 
scholar of fine culture. He was a graduate of Harvard College 
1784 ; instructor in Phillips Academy and tutor in Harvard Col- 
lege five years. He studied divinity, but on account of the state 
of his health was unable to preach. He was Professor of Latin 
and Greek in Bowdoin College fourteen years. His health and 
strength, physical and mental, becoming seriously impaired, he re- 
tired from his profession, and was under medical treatment for 
some time. Shortly before his death, he returned to Andover, to 
the home of his childhood and the abode of his ancestors of six 
generations, where he found solace and rest. He died in 1843, 
aged eighty-four, — a scholar, a gentleman, and a Christian. He 
was honored and beloved by a large circle of acquaintance, and 
his memory is tenderly cherished in the institutions in which he 
Avas instructor, and in the community of his birth and death. 

Rev, Jonathan French, D. D,, son of the pastor of the South 
Church, at the age of twenty-two preached his first sermon in the 
South Church pulpit. He graduated at Harvard College 1798, 
was a teacher in Phillips Academy, ordained minister of North 
Hampton, N. H., 1801. He was a respected preacher for more 
than fifty years. He died 1856, aged seventy-eight. 

Rev. Abiel Abbot, D. D., son of Capt. John Abbot, brother of 
Prof. John Abbot, was a minister greatly esteemed throughout Essex 
County. He was eight years pastor of the First Church in Haver- 
hill, and twenty-four years pastor of the First Church, Beverly. He 
graduated at Harvard College 1792. He was teacher in Phillips 
Academy, and was offered the Principalship, but preferred to enter 
the ministry. He was a man of simple, unostentatious manners, 
free from cant or bigotry, yet of a deeply religious spirit. He was 



460 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

unwearied in his labors for his people. His parish was one of 
those which, in the separation of the Congregational body took the 
Unitarian name. Of Dr. Abbot's creed his brother minister and 
kinsman, Rev. Abiel Abbot, D. D., of Coventry, says : " He called 
no man master. He belonged to no sect but that of good men ; 
to no school but that of Jesus Christ ; and he was liberal in the 
best sense of the term. He never thought himself called upon to 
denounce the opinions of others, and rarely to obtrude his own, 
upon the controverted points of the day." 

Rev. Abiel Abbot, D. D., minister of Coventry and Peter- 
borough, and author of the " History of Andover " (1829), was 
descended from the first settler, George Abbot, of Andover. He 
was cousin of Prof. John Abbot and Rev. Dr. Abbot, of Beverly, 
and married their sister. He was a native of Wilton, N. H., grad- 
uated at Harvard College 1787, taught in Phillips Academy, and 
during the intervals of his pastorates was a resident on the old 
Abbot Homestead, and in the ancient house. He often said that 
its domestic and historic associations awakened his interest in 
studying and writing the town history. He was ordained pastor of 
a church in Coventry, Conn., 1795, t>ut after a time the theological 
bitterness of the day caused disturbance of his pleasant relations 
with his people. For "heretical" doctrines he was deposed in 181 1. 
Through this trying ordeal he bore himself with dignity and char- 
ity. After his withdrawal from Coventry he took charge of Byfield 
Academy. In 18 19 he came to Andover, where he spent some 
years. In 1827 he was installed minister in Peterborough, N. H., 
where he continued till the infirmities of age compelled him to re- 
sign his charge. He outlived all the members of his class in col- 
lege, being ninety-four years old at his death, February 4, 1859. 
He died at West Cambridge, where he was living with his grand- 
son. Rev. S. A. Smith. 

Rev. Thomas Merrill, D. D., son of Deacon Thomas Merrill, 
was a native of Andover, but removed at the age of six years with 
his parents to Deering, N. H. He was a graduate of Dartmouth 
College 1801, pastor of a church in Middlebury, Vt., and Treasurer 
of Middlebury College. 

Rev. Robert Gray, son of Robert Gray, graduated at Harvard 
College 1786; was ordained minister of Dover, N. PL, February, 
1787; dismissed May, 1806 ; died 1822, aged sixty-four years. 

Rev, Peter Holt, son of Joshua Holt, Esq., graduated at Har- 
vard College, 1790; was minister of Epping, N. H., and Peter- 
borough. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 46 1 

Rev. John Lovejoy Abbot was a graduate of Harvard College 
1805, librarian of the college, and in 18 13 ordained pastor of the 
First Church, Boston. He died after a year's pastorate, October 
14, 1 81 4, aged thirty-one. 

There were some who studied for the ministry, but entered into 
business or professions. The names are in the chronological list 
at the end of this chapter. 

Thus we see that from the beginning Andover furnished 
ministers for the important churches of New England. The 
ancient parishes of Charlestown, Salem, Boston, found talent 
in this inland plantation equal to the demands of city pulpits ; 
and the other venerable and influential towns of the Common- 
wealth, — Groton, Haverhill, Beverly, Medford, — and others 
more remote, as York, Me., New London, Conn., received 
from Andover, before the establishment of the Theological 
Seminary, ministers whose names adorn their ecclesiastical 
annals. 

The contemporary pastors in Andover, of the territorial 
parishes in the next half century were, in the North Parish, 
Rev. Bailey Loring (18 10-1850), in the South Parish, Rev. 
Justin Edwards, D. D. (18 12-1827), Rev. Milton Badger 
(1828-1835), Rev. Lorenzo L. Langstroth (1836-1839), 
Rev. John L. Taylor, D. D. (1839-1852) ; in the West Par- 
ish, its first minister, the Rev. Samuel C. Jackson, D. D. 
(1827-1850). 

The above names represent the three recognized " par- 
ishes" of Andover, whose territorial lines of demarcation 
regulated the church attendance and taxation of their resi- 
dents. At the beginning, such attendance and taxation 
within the prescribed limits were rigidly enforced. No per- 
sons could, without peril, assemble for worship anywhere ex- 
cept in the regular parish meeting-house, or under the sanc- 
tion of the town or parish pastor. And even after other 
forms of Christian worship were legalized, the public senti- 
ment, in some places, was so strong against any but the pre- 
vailing faith that persons of other creeds were in some 
towns subject to great annoyance and were not infrequently 
compelled by the local officers to contribute ^ to the support 

1 This seems to have been the case in Andover. The South Parish, in 1791, 



462 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of the parish churches, or to resort to tedious processes of 
law to obtain redress of grievances. But, in the progress of 
things, all these restrictions were taken off. The parish lines 
ceased to have any necessary connection with the church and 
denominational lines, and persons were taxed only for the 
support of such worship as they voluntarily contributed to. 
Hence it came to pass that Andover, from having at first one 
minister supported by the whole town, had, in 17 10, two pas- 
tors whose rates were gathered by the two respective consta- 
bles of the North and the South Parishes, and, in 1826, three 
ministers, each limited in his jurisdiction (this word, then, 
not incorrectly represented the pastor's official relation), to 
the part of the town marked off and designated by the lot- 
layers and perambulators. At this time, no other rivals dis- 
puted the territory with the three clergymen of Andover. 
The Church of the Theological Seminary, formed in 18 16, 
and having no pastors aside from the Professors in that insti- 
tution, was not intended in any way to infringe on the regu- 
lar parochial rights and duties of the parish ministers. It, 
however, in the end, came to be one of the chief church organ- 
izations of the town, and to number among its members many 
of the residents not directly connected with the Seminary 
and Academy. The organization of this church was unique 
and anomalous. It is a somewhat curious fact, that a church 
of just such a character should have grown up in Andover, 
and especially that the first movement in the direction of 
breaking down the ancient system of parishes should have 
come from the Theological Seminary. The Seminary Church 
[the account is compiled, mostly quoted, from a Memorial 
Discourse, by a Professor ^ of the Seminary, also once a 
pastor of the South Church], was at first " an anomaly, in its 
structure, neither properly Congregational nor Presbyterian, 
but partly both." It was not organized by an ecclesiastical 
council, but under a vote of the Trustees in accordance with 

voted to "dismiss " the 14th article in the warrant, which was " to see if the par- 
ish will relinquish the tax that has been assessed on Sam' Flint, and others, 
since the time of their severally joining a Baptist Society, and exempt them from 
all future assessments in s'^ Parish so long as they shall continue members of 
s"^ Baptist Society." 

1 A Memorial Discourse, by Prof. John L. Taylor, October i, 1876. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 463 

the report of a committee of the board appointed the year 
before. The church could neither elect nor remove its pastor, 
could pass no censure on its pastor or on any Professor in its 
membership, without the previous approbation and sanction 
of the Trustees. The members of the Board of Trustees, 
who were also members of the church, were ex officio ruling 
elders in its discipline, each Professor being also ex officio 
pastor. 

The members of the church were at the outset seventeen 
only, but they were names of distinction : Ebenezer Porter, 
Leonard Woods, Moses Stuart, John Adams, Samuel Farrar, 
Samuel C. Aiken, Joel Hawes, Willard Holbrook, Edward W. 
Hooker, Jonathan McGee, John L. Parkhurst, Levi Parsons, 
Ebenezer B. Wright, Amzi Benedict, Alvan Bond, David L. 
Ogden, Levi Spaulding. 

The Seminary Church continued according to its first 
organization for fifty years. " When it reached this crisis," 
to quote the Memorial, " the record of its half century of life 
shows a total of eight hundred and eighty-six names on its 
roll ; and zuhat names do we here find, by scores and fifties, 
of men whom the church has loved and honored at home and 
abroad, a very large percentage of the list being preachers of 
the gospel, and of these not a few eminent as missionaries." 

This church, in its anomalous ecclesiastical organization, 
seemed unsuited to the progress of ideas in a Congregational 
theological seminary. On the ist November, 1865, it was 
set aside, and a properly Congregational Church of seventy 
members was duly organized by a council to take its place. 
"But by the terms of its chronic decease" (says the Memo- 
rial), "the old church will not be extinct till the unrecorded 
date of the death or dismission of its last solitary member." 

Through the munificence of one of the founders, the Hon. 
William Bartlet, a chapel for worship was erected. It was 
dedicated September 22, 18 18. The dedication was an event 
of general interest ; the schools throughout the town being 
closed, and crowds of people attending the exercises. The 
chapel,^ which has not in late years been regarded as a model 
of architecture, was described by a newspaper of the time as 
1 It has been recently modernized by adding a tower. 



464 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" vieing in elegance with any in the United States." The 
present chapel was built in 1876. It is in the Gothic style of 
architecture, of stone from West Andover, with trimmings 
of Connecticut red sandstone and Ohio stone. It was dedi- 
cated October 2, 1876; sermon by Prof. Egbert C. Smyth. 

The establishment of the church of the Theological Semi- 
nary seemed to pave the way for a series of churches and 
societies. The first was connected with a new parish proper. 
In 1826, a third territorial parish was marked off and the 
bounds perambulated, and although this was the last topo- 
graphical division made under ecclesiastical sanction, there 
soon began to spring up other religious societies, until from 
one there were, before the division of the town of Andover in 
1855, some dozen or more churches. We are, therefore, en- 
tering on a period of the ecclesiastical history, when a change 
began, and a new and different order of things was gradually 
established. Manifestly, this later condition of affairs gives 
a very different relative importance to the clergy and the 
churches of the old and of the new time, so far as they are 
connected with the town history. When the principal busi- 
ness of the town meeting was to vote in regard to the minis- 
ter's salary and the assessment of the rates for the church's 
support, the history of the church was, in a sense, the history 
of the town. And, even after these days were gone, and the 
parishes transacted business each for itself, the ministers 
were much more prominent and directing in town affairs than 
they are now. Therefore, the earlier churches properly claim 
fuller notice than those of modern date. 

Beginning the transition period with the First or North 
Church, the Rev. Dr. Symmes may be regarded as the last 
of the old-time ministers, although many oE the old customs 
continued to a later day. When, after the death of Dr. 
Symmes, the parish came together to ordain the minister 
whom they had called, the Rev. Samuel Gay, it proved that 
the views of Christian doctrine which he expressed were not 
satisfactory to all the officers of the church and parish, being 
more rigidly Calvinistic than they approved. The ordination 
services were, therefore, broken off. Some delay ensued 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 465 

before the parish could agree upon another candidate. Sev- 
eral eminent men preached here at the time as candidates, 
among them the Rev. Timothy Alden and the Rev. Samuel 
Osgood, D. D., of Springfield. The parish were about to 
extend a call to Mr. Osgood, when he received and accepted 
a call to Springfield, although, as he wrote, he "was strongly 
prepossessed in favor of the church at Andover." The Rev. 
Timothy Alden received, but declined, the call. 

The parish, finally, by a vote of loi to 3, extended a call 
to the Rev. Bailey Loring, who accepted it, and was ordained 
September 19, 18 10. 

Mr. Loring was born in Duxbury, Mass., December 10, 
1786, son of WilKam and Alithea (Alden) Loring. His 
mother was a great-granddaughter of the pilgrim John Alden. 
He was a graduate of Brown University, 1807. He studied 
divinity with Dr. Allyn, of Duxbury. He was twenty-three 
years old when he received the call to North Andover. He 
was a resident of the parish fifty years, pastor almost forty 
years. His resignation took effect February 27, 1850. 

It is noticeable as showing how this pastorate was a link 
between the old times and the new that, of the committee to 
consider the preliminaries of his settlement, four had been 
officers in the Revolutionary War : Dr. Thomas Kittredge, 
Surgeon, Maj. (Capt.) Samuel Johnson, Capt. Benjamin Far- 
num, Capt. (Lieut.) William Johnson. 

Mr. Loring was not a Calvinist. His theological educa- 
tion had been under the Arminian school of belief. But, 
like his predecessors, he was catholic in his sympathies, and 
maintained throughout his ministry friendly relations with 
his brethren of various creeds. He continued to exchange 
pulpits with those of similar tolerant principles, even after 
the partition walls had been built up between the two divis- 
ions of the Congregational order, and when this breaking 
through was censured by the more dogmatic of both parties. 
For twenty years the harmony of the church and the unity 
of the parish were preserved ; but, as in process of time the 
public sentiment tended more and more to sharp distinctions 
and precise definitions, it became impossible to hold together 
the various elements to mutual profit. Accordingly, in 1834, 

30 



466 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

a few members ^ of the church withdrew, and, uniting with 
fourteen members from the South Church, formed "The 
EvangeUcal Church in North Andover," and estabhshed 
religious worship in a meeting-house which had been built 
by subscriptions of the EvangeUcal churches of Essex 
County. 

Immediately after the dedication of the meeting-house of 
this new society, the First Church and Parish took action in 
regard to a new meeting-house, and voted to appropriate 
$7,000 to build. The house was finished and dedicated 
June I, 1836. The entire cost of building was $11,500. 
The old meeting-house, as has been before said, was taken 
down. The ancient clock was, however, kept and put in re- 
pair ; the society, on account of the associations connected 
with it, deciding to repair it at considerable cost : — 

" Resolved, That whereas, in 1762, Mr, Benjamin Barker, a worthy 
citizen in the North Parish in Andover, did present to the said Par- 
ish a clock for the meeting-house : in grateful Remembrance of the 
said Benjamin Barker, the Inhabitants of said parish, for the pur- 
pose of keeping in repair the said clock, have expended three hun- 
dred dollars upon the same, under the direcdon of Mr. Simon Wil- 
lard, clock-maker, in Boston." 

The parish also returned thanks, through the Rev. Wilkes 
Allen, to Dr. Rufus Wyman (father-in-law of Mr. Allen) for 
the " gift of a very elegant Bible, for the pulpit of the new 
meeting-house." 

During the ministry of Mr. Loring, the First Church of 
Andover became distinctly recognized as among the Unita- 
rian Congregational churches, and maintained honorable emi- 
nence in the denomination. A preacher of no mean ability, 
more than ordinarily gifted in the expression of tender and 
chastened feeling, of uncommon sweetness and seriousness 
of manner, Mr. Loring both convinced the judgment and 
moved the hearts of his hearers. His preaching was not in 
the technical sense doctrinal, yet his opinions were decided 
and outspoken, and they identified him unmistakably with 

1 Seven members (one male and six female), also ten or less, who were com- 
municants and residents, but had not removed their connection from other 
churches in former places of residence. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 467 

the Unitarians of his time, though, in his later years, with 
the more conservative school of thought. He was an accep- 
table exchange in the leading pulpits of the denomination 
and during his ministry the First Church heard many a dis- 
course of the finest culture of New England. 

At his resignation, the parish passed resolutions expressive 
of regret at the separation, and when he died, the following 
action was taken to honor his memory : — 

''^Resolved, ist, That the members of this ReHgious Society are 
deeply sensible of the loss they have sustained by the death of the 
Revd. Bailey Loring, who for nearly forty years was their Spiritual 
Instructor and Guide, and for nearly a half century an esteemed and 
respected citizen of the town. 

" 2d, That during the long period in which he officiated as our 
minister he displayed in an eminent degree all the virtues and 
graces that belong to and adorn the character of a Christian Di- 
vine. That as a preacher he was always found faithful to the 
cause of his Master, in expounding the doctrine and enforcing the 
precepts of his Holy Word, reproving and rebuking sin wherever 
it was to be found, and inciting his hearers, by the most alluring 
and weighty considerations, to the love and practice of the Chris- 
tian virtues. That as a pastor he was ' instant in season and out 
of season' in visiting the sick and relieving the distressed, so that 
every member of his society was sure of finding at all times and 
under all circumstances of life a friend, adviser, and comforter in 
his minister ; and that by his death the cause of education, morals, 
and religion in this society and community has lost one of its 
strongest advocates and most sincere suj^porters. 

" 3d, That the interest he manifested in the welfare of this 
church and society after his official connection with it was dis- 
solved, and especially his regard for the intellectual improvement 
of his successors in the ministerial office by the donation of his 
theological library for their use and benefit will always be remem- 
bered by us with the most lively emotions of gratitude. 

" 4th, That these resolutions be placed upon the parish records 
and communicated to the family of the deceased." 

The published discourses of Mr. Loring, so far as has been 
ascertained, were only two sermons, bound in one pamphlet, 
1829. The subjects : " Gratitude," a Thanksgiving discourse, 
and " Profanity." They were published, by special request of 



468 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the North Parish Association for Mutual Improvement. Mr. 
Loring was averse to having his sermons printed, and he 
did not approve of preaching funeral and memorial dis- 
courses. 

Mr. Loring married, 1816, Miss Sally Pickman Osgood, a 
daughter of Isaac Osgood, Esq., a lady of rare social and in- 
tellectual endowments. She died 1835, leaving four sons, 
between the ages of eighteen and eleven years. 

These are : Hon. George B. Loring, of Salem ; Isaac O. 
Loring (deceased), of North Andover; Gayton P. Loring, 
apothecary, of Boston ; John A. Loring, Esq., counsellor-at- 
law, Boston. 

The succession of the ministers of the First Church and 
Parish, all of whom are now living, is as follows : — 

The seventh minister was the Rev. Francis C. Williams. 
He was ordained February 27, 1850, and continued in office 
to May 27, 1856. He resigned to accept a call to Brattle- 
borough, Vt. He left many warm friends in the parish. 

The eighth minister was the Rev. Charles C. Vinal, or- 
dained May 6, 1857. He continued in office thirteen years, 
to March, 1870. During his pastorate a parsonage was built, 
the parish having received for that purpose a testamentary 
bequest of $6,000 from the late William Johnson, Esq. 

In accepting this donation the following resolutions were 
passed, expressive of respect and gratitude to the memory of 
the donor : — 

" Resolved, that by the death of the late Hon. William Johnson, 
this Christian Society has lost one of its most valuable, efficient, 
and devoted members ; that the community is deprived of a man 
and a citizen who performed all the duties of life with integrity and 
honor ; who by his affable manners and dignified deportment se- 
cured universal esteem and respect ; and that we shall long cherish 
the memory of his many virtues, his excellent qualities, and his 
useful abilities." 

Mr. Vinal, in 1870, accepted a call to the Unitarian Church 
in Kennebunk, Maine, where he is now pastor. His resigna- 
tion was received with regret, and he is kindly remembered 
in the parish. 

The parsonage was destroyed by fire while it was unoc- 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 469 

cupied, in 1870, and the parish library and the later Church 
Records were burned. The new parsonage was built in 
1871. 

The ninth and present pastor, Rev. John H. Clifford, 
was ordained August 29, 1871. He and the two preceding 
pastors were graduates of the Cambridge Divinity School. 

The deacons of the First Church, during the one hundred 
and eighty-nine years in which it was the only church in the 
North Parish, and who sat in a special seat in front of the 

pulpit, were the following : John Frye (elected i .?), John 

Barker (1693), Joseph Stevens (1694), John Osgood (1719), 
John Farnum (1727), Samuel Barker (1736), Samuel Phillips 
(1748), Joseph Osgood (1763), Joseph Barker (1766), Benja- 
min Farnum~{i790), John Adams (1797), George Osgood 
1797), Joshua Wilson (1813), Jedidiah Farnham (1824), Wil- 
liam Frost (1824). 

There are few memorials of the church work, or religious 
character of the members of the North Church and Parish, 
its ministers, for the most part, not having made it a practice 
to preach memorial discourses. 

The veil of reserve which the pastors have chosen to keep 
drawn over the motives and purposes of the members of this 
religious society, which included many of the most honored 
citizens of North Andover, it is not for other hands to at- 
tempt to put aside. There is much to be said in favor of the 
reserve, as also much in favor of giving to the community 
the inspiration and help which come from the contemplation 
of noble lives. 

Within the present pastorate of the First Church there 
have terminated three lives of such exceptional interest as 
to have won by common consent the tribute of special com- 
memoration. They were of the young man in the prime of 
manhood ; the matron in the crown of nearly fourscore years 
and four and the blessing of many children ; and the single 
woman, in the self-abnegation and devotion to others of a 
life also extended beyond the period pronounced to be " la 
bor and sorrow." 

Horace N. Stevens died at North Andover, May i, 1876, 
at the age of thirty-eight. 



470 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

He was the youngest son of Capt. Nathaniel Stevens, and 
junior partner of the manufacturing firm of Moses T. Stevens 
and Brothers, From a memorial address by the Rev. John 
H. Clifford, the following extracts are selected : — 

" There is indeed much concerning him that belongs to us all, to 
this religious Society, to these Masonic orders, to the whole com- 
munity .... a priceless legacy He was of the very flower 

of our best manhood. He united a delicacy and strength, a force 
and gentleness which made him, although his life among us was so 

quiet and humble, a person of rare influence in our midst 

What he was to this religious society you all know by longer ac- 
quaintance than I have had. If we have pillars to our church, he 
was surely one, not merely resting upon material foundations, but 
still more truly a spiritual pillar planted firmly in the solid ground 

of character That a man so young, scarcely entered upon 

middle life, and of so private and withal so modest a habit of liv- 
ing, should have all unconsciously (for I believe he was utterly un- 
aware of it) drawn to himself the fond reverence of people of every 
sort and condition, this is enough were anything wanting to justify 
all that I have said of him, and to prove how far short I have fallen 
of his deserts. Society has sore need of such men to-day — as 
when has it not ? Such as he, quietly faithful in private spheres, 
are the world's truest helpers and reformers." 

Mrs. Hannah Hodges Kittredge died July i, 1877, aged 
eighty-three years. She was the widow of Dr. Joseph Kit- 
tredge, Sen., and mother of Dr. Joseph Kittredge, Jr., whose 
lamented death followed within a year oFher own. Her life 
was filled with active usefulness in the domestic circle and 
in the parish. She was for many years President of the 
Ladies' Benevolent Society, and her house was a centre of 
radiation of unobtrusive charities. A tribute to her memory 
by her pastor are the following lines : — 

MRS. H. KITTREDGE. 
Died July ist, iSyy ; Aged 8j Years. 

" O Mother ! who hast bravely pass'd 
Thy bound of four-score years ; 
We greet thee, in thy freedom vast, 
Through mist of grateful tears. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 4/1 

" Thy path of life was nobly trod ; 
With trust we follow on ; 
And plainer grows the road to God, 
Since thou the way hast gone. 

" For, when the earth no longer gave 
Thy soul its vital breath, 
And, thine immortal flame to save, 
Appeared God's servant. Death ; 

''We saw the beauty of thy life 
Diviner beauty crown, 
As, calmly, thou renounc'dst the strife. 
And laidst thy burden down. 

' Sweet burden ! sweetly raised and borne : 
Faith, Sacrifice, and Love ! 
Its earthly weight no longer worn, 
That thou mightst rise above ! 

" To us the Comforter is come, 
And in the house abides : 
O'er all the sanctities of Home 
The Mother still presides." 

Miss Susan Osgood died November 12, 1878, aged eighty- 
four. The following is an extract from an unprinted memo- 
rial by her pastor : — 

" A life such as that which during fourscore years and more has 
filled so remarkably both its unusual measure of years and its rare 
allotment of duty, though it has been largely withdrawn from pub- 
lic view, yet has an important part in the generations almost three, 

through which its pure influegce has run It is said that the 

loveliest flowers bloom on mountains, and the sweetest honey comes 
from hilly countries, and so it sometimes seems that the most beau- 
tiful characters and the gentlest spirits are nurtured among the 
rugged heights of solitary devotion, to which but few are called, 
and for which fewer still are the chosen of Nature, fitted by a tem- 
per of calmness, a love of self-abnegation and sacrifice to bear the 
cross of duty without claiming the crown of reward. She was so 
blithe of spirit, so elastic of body, so bright and cheery, beyond 
even many yet in the bloom of youth and unacquainted with sor- 



472 HISIORTLAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

row, that we never called her old And yet, although we saw 

not the usual appearance of it, we rejoice in the fact that she did 
live to be old ; that she came to her grave in a full age as a shock 
of corn cometh in in its season ! We are glad because she lifted 
up her face without spot ; because she was steadfast and did not 
fear ; because her age was clearer than the noonday ; because she 
shined forth and was ever as the morning. And though she scarcely 
wore the hoary head,^ yet how perfectly was she entitled to its 
honors as a crown of glory when it is found (as in her case it could 
never have otherwise been) in the way of righteousness." 

Having now traced the history of the First Church, from 
1645 to the present time, we return to take up that of the 
Second, or South Church at the point to which we have car- 
ried it, the beginning of the present century. 

The third minister of the South Parish, the Rev. Justin 
Edwards, was a strictly Calvinistic preacher. His theologi- 
cal behef was the result of the teaching of Andover Theo- 
logical Seminary in its early days. He had been reared 
among the traditions and influences set in motion by the 
eminent divine of Northampton, and derived his early relig- 
ious impressions from persons who had listened to the living 
words of the Rev. Jonathan Edwards. In regard to his set- 
tlement over the South Church, his biographer ^ says : " The 
church in Andover, to which the venerable Rev, Samuel Phil- 
lips had ministered almost sixty years from its formation, in 
171 1, and then the Rev. Jonathan French almost thirty-seven 
years, had now been nearly three years' destitute of a pastor. 
.... A somewhat serious division was existing in the con- 
gregation, turning on the vital points of evangelical truth. 
Mr, Abbot ^ and others were alarmed for the interests of the 
congregation, and after becoming satisfied of the qualifica- 
tions of Mr. Edwards (then a student in the Seminary), the 
wish was expressed to him that he should leave the Semi- 

^ Miss Osgood, in the later years of her life, was almost totally deaf. With 
her lived her sister, seventy-four years old, totally blind. The death of the 
younger followed that of the elder within a few months. 

These two sisters, daughters of Capt. Timothy Osgood, were the last of the 
many generations of the name who have lived on the ancient homestead. 

2 Memoir by Rev. William A. Halleck. 

8 Samuel Abbot, Esq., one of the founders of the Theological Seminary. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 473 

nary, though scarcely half through the regular course, assume 
the charge of a congregation of not far from two thousand 
souls scattered over a large territory, attempt to heal their 
divisions, and all with the expectation that his revered in- 
structors and his fellow students would be among his con- 
stant hearers." 

After considerable hesitation he accepted the proposal, al- 
though he at first declined on the ground that he was as yet 
" a mere child in theology." 

He entered on a most laborious course of pastoral duty, 
often visiting ten or fifteen families in a day, reading the Bible 
and conducting family prayer, and taking the names of all 
the children, so that he might supply them with religious 
books and tracts. He also formed a society (1814) called the 
" Andover South Parish Society for the Reformation of Mor- 
als." This had in view the prevention of profanity, Sabbath 
breaking, and intemperance. Of the latter evil in the town 
of Andover Dr. Edwards's report of the year's work gives a 
graphic description : — 

" As to intemperance, although some individuals are still reeling 
to and fro, and some families clothed in woe by this iniquity, yet 
the evil has been greatly lessened. A few years ago $15,000 were 
expended in this town for ardent spirits in a j^ear, $8,000 more than 
was paid for the support of the gospel, and of all the schools, high- 
ways, Slate and county taxes, and all other town expenses. The 
people the last year did not probably expend one third of that sum. 
Ardent spirits, in the respectable part of the community, are be- 
coming unfashionable, and dispensed with in social visits. Many 
workmen are employed on condition of refraining from ardent 
spirits, and it is found that better men are secured, and that they 
do more business, and in a better manner than before. The prac- 
tice of taking wine at funerals is almost abolished, and it begins to 
be understood that ardent spirits, except in special cases, as a med- 
icine, are not only entirely useless, but ruinous to the bodies and 
the souls of men." 

Besides his efforts for the reformation of the adults of the 
parish. Dr. Edwards took systematic measures for the relig- 
ious training of the children. He established a sort of circu- 
lating library of " small books " (as they are called in his 



474 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

record) in each of the district schools of the South Parish, 
giving books as rewards to the children who learned the larg- 
est number of Scripture texts and answers in the Catechism. 
The account of the method pursued in the distribution of 
these books, which were all of such religious and doctrinal 
teaching as Dr. Edwards believed correct, shows how truly 
parochial the public schools of the South Parish then were, 
according to the theory and practice of Dr. Edwards. No 
parish priest of the old country was more completely guar- 
dian and director of the day-schools than was the pastor of 
the South Church of Andover fifty years ago. 

Besides these labors, Dr. Edwards was active in philan- 
thropic work extending far beyond the bounds of his parish, 
embracing in its scope the world. He undertook, in 1821, 
the office of Corresponding Secretary of the New England 
Tract Society, with which three members of his parish were 
connected, Mr. Blanchard as treasurer, and Messrs. Flagg and 
Gould, printers and business agents. He was also connected 
with other missionary societies during his pastorate. He 
continued in charge of the South Church till 1827. Then, 
after a brief pastorate over the Salem Street Church in Bos- 
ton, he engaged in active labors as General Agent and Secre- 
tary of the American Temperance Society. He visited pris- 
ons, hospitals, and private houses, exhorting and helping the 
unhappy inebriates. Six years of such self-denying labors 
he spent, an exile from his home and family, and a wanderer 
from place to place. 

In 1836 Dr. Edwards was elected president of the Theolog- 
ical Seminary, in which office he continued six years. He 
was in this office the same indefatigable worker that he had 
been as a pastor, especially in the direction of promoting mis- 
sionary organizations. 

In 1842 he resigned his connection with the Seminary and 
undertook missionary labor, as agent of the American and 
Foreign Christian Union. In this he continued seven years. 
His latest years were devoted to writing a commentary on the 
Bible. His published works were numerous, chiefly tracts 
and sermons. His arduous labors undermined his constitu- 
tion, and at sixty-six years of age, July 23, 1853, he died of 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 475 

inflammation of the brain. He was travelling in Virginia at 
the time of his death, with his daughter. The mournful jour- 
ney home was accomplished August ist, and on the following 
day the tired body was laid to rest in the burying ground of 
the Theological Seminary. 

Dr. Edwards married, September 17, 1817, Miss Lydia 
Bigelow, daughter of Asa Bigelow, Esq., of Colchester, Conn. 
They had six children. The second son. Rev. Jonathan Ed- 
wards, was ordained minister of Woburn, September 7, 1848. 
The youngest daughter was married to the Rev. Thomas H. 
Haskell. 

West Parish. 

We now turn to the contemporary ministers of the Third 
Parish of Andover, which was created in 1826, In 1771, 
when there was talk of building a new meeting-house in the 
South Parish, some members were desirous to be set off to 
form a new parish. They represented that they were five or 
six miles from the meeting-house, and were unwilling to be 
taxed to pay for the building of a new house of worship, un- 
less it could be located so as to accommodate them better. 
This division, at a time when a new minister (the Rev. Mr. 
French) was about to be settled, would be very inopportune. 
Accordingly, the idea "of a new house was abandoned, and, to 
preserve harmony, it was agreed to defer it for ten years. 
When the subject came up again it was attended with great 
discussion and division of feeling. The inhabitants of the 
west part of the town were persistent to have the meeting- 
house placed more conveniently for them, or else to be set off. 
Mr. Isaac Osgood and others of the west part of the town, 
in 1788, petitioned the General Court for a division of the 
parish, and the setting off of a certain part, under the name 
of the Third Parish in Andover. The parish chose a com- 
mittee, Mr. Samuel Phillips and others, to go before the Gen- 
eral Court to oppose the granting of the petition. The com- 
mittee's report, in the Parish Records, is that " the House 
had concurred with the Senate in allowing Isaac Osgood and 
others to withdraw their petition." 

The parish afterward voted, in order to satisfy the disaf- 



476 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

fected and preserve the harmony as well as the unity of the 
parish, to discharge them from all obligations and taxes for 
the building of the new meeting-house, and yet to allow them 
the privilege of seats, provided they shall " surcease all oppo- 
sition to the measures of the Parish for building the meeting 
House, and shall continue their union and harmony with the 
Parish, as it subsisted before the measures taken by them for 
building a meeting-house." 

At last, in 1826, a division was peaceably effected and the 
parish lines defined and marked off. The West Parish in- 
cluded ^ 158 families: adults 544; children 326; inhabitants 
870. The church was organized in November, 1826. A 
meeting-house of granite was built, — the " Stone Meeting- 
House." It is the oldest house of worship now standing in 
the limits of ancient Andover (North and South), except the 
chapel of the Theological Seminary, and is a substantial and 
really beautiful edifice for a country parish. It was dedicated 
and a sermon preached by Dr. Edwards, December 26, 1826. 

The first pastor of the West Parish, the Rev. Samuel C. 
Jackson, D. D., was ordained June 6, 1827, being then twenty- 
five years old. He resigned his charge September 25, 1850, 
on account of infirm health, which made pastoral duties too 
onerous. He then became Assistant Secretary of the Massa- 
chusetts Board of Education and acting State Librarian. 
Before his formal dismissal from his parish he had entered 
(1849) o'"* the duties of these offices of the Commonwealth. 
He discharged them with marked ability until within a short 
time before his death. This occurred July 26, 1878. He was 
seventy-six years old, having been born March 13, 1802. He 
was a native of Dorset, Vt, a graduate of Middlebury Col- 
lege and of Andover Theological Seminary. He received 
the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Middlebury College. 
He had been invited {1839) ^o accept the presidency of the 
college. Before Dr. Jackson decided to make the ministry 
his profession, he had spent two years in the study of law. 
This legal study gave him a wider range of interest and 
knowledge than is usually enjoyed by the strictly and techni- 
cally instructed clergyman. In regard to this, says Professor 
' Historical Discourse, 1827, by Rev. Samuel C. Jackson. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 477 

Park, in a Memorial of Dr. Jackson: "These two years of 
legal study and office-work had a visible effect on his subse- 
quent life. They gave a kind of manliness to his methods of 
discourse. Some of his speeches in the town meetings of 
Andover, and before committees of the legislature at Boston, 
elicited a common remark that he was born to be a lawyer. 
His counsels on civil affairs, given at Andover and at the 
State House in Boston, have produced a visible effect, the 
value of which will not soon be forgotten." 

Respecting Dr. Jackson's official labors in Boston the then 
Secretary of the Board of Education, Rev. Barnas Sears, 
LL. D., writes : " Few men in the State House were more 
consulted or more trusted than he. His personal influence 
was felt far beyond the line of his official duties. Men com- 
ing to Boston in the interest of colleges and other institu- 
tions, or of humane and Christian enterprises, would rarely 
fail to consult with him. His sound judgment, strict integ. 
rity, and interest in everything pertaining to the public wel- 
fare, gave him, in a high degree, the confidence of wise and 
good men." 

During his life Dr. Jackson retained his residence in An- 
dover. The services which he rendered to the town durino" 
the half-century that he was a citizen, are as inestimable as 
they were unostentatious. In his own parish his work was 
faithfully and well done. He built up a church on solid foun- 
dations and trained a community of exceptional sobriety and 
good sense. While he never lost relish for or influence in 
scholarly circles of theologic culture, he adapted himself with 
ease to the wants and peculiarities of a country parish, mould- 
ing and shaping it as few men have the skill to do, and keep- 
ing it alike from harmful conservatism and the dangers of 
instability and love of change. 

Dr. Jackson was deeply interested in the educational insti- 
tutions of Andover. He gave his time freely, while he was 
a pastor, to visiting the district schools. He was thirty years 
a trustee of the Theological Seminary and Phillips Academy, 
and fifty years trustee of Abbot Academy. 

In his social and domestic life he was cheerful and genial 
as well as sincere and true. He had a playful humor and 



478 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

keen wit, but in indulging them never overstepped the 
bounds of ministerial dignity and decorum. 

Dr. Jackson married (1829) Miss Caroline True, of Boston, 
a lady of fine culture and remarkable intellectual strength, 
peculiarly qualified to preside as the " minister's wife " in the 
parish of their common interest and charge. They had five 
children, two sons and three daughters. 

The younger son, Mr. William Jackson, is in mercantile 
business in Boston. 

The elder son, Samuel Charles Jackson, a young man of 
great promise and fine culture, died in 1869, at the age of 
twenty-eight. A memorial of his life (published for private 
distribution) was written by his sister, Susanna E. Jackson. 
Dr. Jackson's eldest daughter, Caroline R. Jackson, assisted 
him in the State Library, and during his failing health, and 
after his death, took a very prominent and responsible charge. 

Miss Susanna E. Jackson was formerly teacher and some- 
time acting principal of Abbot Academy ; also, preceptress 
in the Providence High School. 

Miss Mary A. Jackson is married to the Rev. William H. 
Warren, Springfield, Ohio. 

Among the more influential members of the West Church, 
in its early days, were the brothers Messrs. John and Peter 
Smith, and their partner in business, Mr. John Dove. Mr. 
Peter Smith is still ^ one of the deacons, having held the office 
forty-eight years. Deacon Solomon Holt has been in office 
forty-nine years, having succeeded his father. Deacon Solo- 
mon Holt, who died after three years' service. Deacon Jacob 
Dascomb was in office nearly forty-two years. Deacon Na- 
than Mooar has served twenty-nine years. 

The Rev. George Mooar, D. D., pastor of the South 
Church, was reared under the ministry of Dr. Jackson, and 
was for a time an inmate of his household. 

In the later years of his life, after his resignation of his 
parish, Dr. Jackson was a resident of the South Parish and 
a member of the Chapel Church. His grave ^ is in the bury- 
ing ground of the Theological Seminary. 

1 Died July 6, 1880. 

2 A monument has been erected by the bequest of the late Mr. Hiram French, 
a former parishioner and member of the West Church. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 479 

The successor of Dr. Jackson, the second minister of the 
West Parish, was Rev. Charles H. Peirce, a graduate of 
the Theological Seminary, 1850. He was ordained soon after 
his graduation. His ministry continued five years. He left 
many friends, when he resigned to go to a western State. He 
died, 1865, in Milbury, Mass., being then pastor of a church 
in that town. 

The West Church is noticeable as still retaining the good 
old custom of long pastorates. Dr. Jackson was pastor 
twenty-three years (and except for infirm health his connec- 
tion with the parish would not then have terminated), and the 
present 1 minister, the Rev. James H. Merrill, has been also 
twenty-three years in office. There is something, in these 
days of change, pecuHarly pleasant in such country parishes, 
where the minister grows old with his people, honored and 
beloved, known in every house of his parish by years of at- 
tendance on occasions of joy or sorrow (marriage, birth, and 
death), the counsellor of the young, the friend of those in 
middle life, and the consoler of the aged and feeble ; his chil- 
dren growing up, going out from and coming back to the 
places of their early associations, welcome guests and happy 
visitors. 

The three sons of Mr. Merrill received their preparatory 
education in the schools of Andover, and graduated at Am- 
herst College. 

Rev. James G. Merrill is pastor of a Congregational church 
at Davenport, Iowa. 

Mr. William F. Merrill is Superintendent of the Toledo, 
Peoria, & Warsaw Railway. 

Mr. George C. Merrill is Instructor in Natural Sciences, 
Phillips Academy, Andover. 

1 During the writing of the above the Rev. Mr. Merrill resigned his charge 
(December i, 1879), on account of feeble health and the burden of so large a 
parish. The parish, in accepting his resignation, expressed deep regret at its 
necessity. Although Mr. Merrill has been forty years in the ministry, he is 
only sixty-five years old; after temporary rest it is hoped he will be able to 
resume in a measure pastoral labors. His loss will be deeply felt not only by his 
parish, but in the educational institutions of the town, especially in the Board of 
Trustees of the Punchard School. He has been longer in office than any other 
clergyman of the Board. 

Rev. Austin H. Burr was installed April 29, 1S80. 



480 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Miss Sarah E. Merrill, formerly a teacher in the Punchard 
High School, was married November, 1879, to the Rev. Jo- 
seph D. Wilson, Rector of St. John's Reformed Episcopal 
Church, Chicago. 

Miss Lucia G. Merrill is a teacher in Straight University, 
New Orleans. 

The Rev. Mr. Merrill married, 1839, Miss Lucia W. Gris- 
wold, daughter of Dr. Oliver Griswold, Fryeburg, Me. This 
lady's influence and her helpfulness in the social life of the 
parish were invaluable. 

Having thus traced the history of the origin and progress 
of the West (or Third) Parish, of Andover, we now return to 
the point whence we digressed, — the South Church, in 1826, 
at the time of the creation of the new parish, and the close 
of Dr. Edwards's pastorate. 

The successor of Dr. Edwards was the Rev. Milton 
Badger, D. D. He was ordained January 3, 1828. He 
was a native of Coventry, Conn, (the parish now called An- 
dover), and was born May 6, 1800. He was the youngest of 
twelve children of Enoch and Mary Badger. He graduated 
at Yale College, 1823, studied at Andover Theological Sem- 
inary and at Yale Divinity School, while also performing the 
duties of tutor. Immediately upon his completing the course 
of study, he received the call to the vacant pulpit at Andover. 
Ordained January 3, 1828, he continued his pastorate until, 
in 1835, he accepted the office of Associate Secretary of the 
American Home Missionary Society. He was reluctant to 
resign his pastoral office, but was strongly urged to do so by 
the friends of the Missionary Society, who regarded him as 
remarkably fitted for this work. His success in this field of 
labor justified the expectations formed. A sketch ^ of his 
life and labors, published soon after his death, gives a graphic 
account of the changes which were wrought during the years 
of his missionary labor, 1835 to 1869, in the churches of the 
Western States and Territories, and his unremitting labors 
in his office. The sketch also quotes letters from several 

1 Sketch of Rev. Milton Badger, D. D., by Rev. David B. Coe, D. D., Con- 
gregational Quarterly, January, 1875. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 48 1 

eminent men, acquaintances of Mr. Badger, while he was 
pastor at Andover. Rev. Asa D. Smith, D. D., says : — 

" Dr. Badger's name awakens in me a host of touching recollec- 
tions. When I entered Andover Theological Seminary he was 
pastor of the old church in what was then the South Parish. I 
soon became intimately acquainted with him, and I noted with 
deep interest the singleness of purpose, directness, and earnestness 
with which he gave himself to his work. That was a time of re- 
markable revivals in religion, and he entered into them with all his 
heart. Protracted meetings, as they were called, were held in 
many places. I recall one held in his parish, the remembrance of 
which I shall carry to my grave — I trust, to heaven." 

Rev. Leverett Griggs, D. D., says : — 

" There was never greater prosperity in the Old South Church 
than when Milton Badger was its pastor. Students at Andover in 
1 83 1 will never forget the protracted meeting at which Beecher 
and Wisner preached, and the 'Judgment Anthem' was sung. It 
was in Dr. Badger's pulpit that Charles G. Finney was introduced 
to New England." 

The Rev. George Mooar says in the " South Church Man- 
ual," that this ministry was a continuous revival ; during the 
seven and a half years of its continuance, three hundred and 
thirty persons were added to the church, nearly all of whom 
joined by profession. " The memories of the pastor under 
whom these results were reached are still fresh and very 
precious in many families." 

Dr. Badger died in Madison, Conn., March i, 1873. 

The wife of Dr. Badger, Mrs. Clarissa Munger Badger, of 
Madison, is still living, and is an occasional visitor to the 
place of her husband's only pastorate. Besides her labors as 
a minister's wife, Mrs. Badger did much in Andover to 
awaken and cultivate aesthetic and literary taste among the 
young people. She painted with much feeling and delicacy 
the wild flowers which are so abundant in Andover, and ar- 
ranged her paintings in a volume, with appropriate poetical 
selections. Some of her books, given as souvenirs, are among 
the most highly prized volumes in the parish. At the age of 
seventy-five she still continues this pleasant employment. 

Of Dr. Badger's five children only two lived to manhood. 
31 



482 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

These were sons, both of whom entered the medical profes- 
sion, — Dr. George Badger died at Panama; Dr. William 
Badger lives at Flushing, Long Island. 

The fifth minister of the South Church, Rev. Lorenzo L. 
Langstroth, was ordained May 1 1, 1836. After three years' 
service, finding his health insufficient for the discharge of 
parochial duties, he resigned and severed his connection with 
the church March 30, 1839. 

He was born in Philadelphia, December 25, 1810, graduated 
at Yale College, 1831, studied theology at New Haven. After 
his dismission from the South Church, he was Principal, for 
a year, of Abbot Academy. He then removed from An- 
dover. He now lives in Oxford, Ohio, where he has been 
engaged in raising bees. He has written some treatises on 
this branch of industry. 

The sixth pastor of the South Church, Rev. John L. Tay- 
lor, D. D., was installed July 18, 1839. He has been a 
resident of Andover forty years, having, since his resignation 
of his charge of the church, 1852, .been connected with the 
Theological Seminary, first as treasurer of the Board of 
Trustees, and, since 1868,^ Smith Professor and Lecturer on 
Pastoral Theology. 

Dr. Taylor has taken a deep interest in the educational 
institutions of Andover, and made some valuable contribu- 
tions to their history. He prepared the " Memorial of the 
Semi-Centennial Celebration of the Founding of the Theo- 
logical Seminary" (1858), also delivered a "Memorial Dis- 
course at the last Sabbath Afternoon Service in Bartlet 
Chapel," October i, 1876, which was published by request of 
the Board of Trustees. But the work by which he is most 
widely known, and which takes rank among the standard 
works of American biography, is the " Life of Judge Phillips," 
or " A Memoir of his Honor Samuel Phillips, LL. D." 

Dr. Taylor married Miss Caroline Lord Phelps, daughter 
of Col. Epaphras Lord Phelps, of East Windsor, Conn. She 
died April 3, 1868. 

Mrs. Taylor's cordial interest and helpful service to the 

1 On account of feeble health, Dr. Taylor recently resigned his active connec- 
tion with the Seminary, but is still retained as Professor Emeritus. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 483 

members of the parish were continued after the official con- 
nection of Dr. Taylor as pastor had ceased, and many mourned 
at her death the loss of a true friend and counsellor. 

Three of the five children of Dr. and Mrs. Taylor died in 
childhood. The youngest son, Frederic H. Taylor, died at 
twenty-one. He had graduated at Phillips Academy and 
entered into mercantile business, having become a partner 
in the firm of Maxwell, Pratt & Co., New York, before he 
was twenty years of age. He left his entire property to the 
Theological Seminary toward the founding of a professorship, 
which is to bear his name. Dr. Taylor's eldest son, the Rev. 
John Phelps Taylor, is pastor of the Second Congregational 
Church in New London, Conn. 

The seventh pastor of the South Church, Rev, Charles 
Smith, was installed October 26, 1852. 

After a year's service he accepted a call to the Shawmut 
Church, in Boston, but, in 1861, returned to Andover, and 
was again installed as pastor of the South Church. He 
continued his second pastorate for fifteen years with accept- 
ance, until impaired health compelled him to relinquish pas- 
toral labor and seek recuperation in a European tour. He 
now resides in Andover. He was a native of Hatfield, Mass., 
graduate of Amherst College, 1842, of Andover Theological 
Seminary, 1845. His first ordination was at Warren, Octo- 
ber 12, 1847. 

Mr. Smith married Miss Caroline L. Sprague, daughter of 
Mr. Joseph E. Sprague, of Salem (High Sheriff of Essex 
County). 

Their eldest son, Edwin Bartlett Smith, is in mercantile 
business in Boston. 

The second son, Charles Sprague Smith, is pursuing a 
course of study in one of the universities of Germany. 

The Rev. George Mooar, D. D., pastor of the South 
Church six years only, and then obliged to seek a more favor- 
able climate, ought, nevertheless, to be named among the 
ministers of long residence, for there is probably none whose 
interests and sympathies are more completely identified with 
those of Andover. He was a native of the West Parish of 
Andover, trained under the ministry of its first pastor, Rev. 



484 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Dr. Jackson, who discovered and encouraged his taste for 
study, and gave him advice and aid in obtaining a liberal 
education and fitting for the gospel ministry. 

Appreciating the honor of being called to the largest 
church in the town of his nativity (the second instance of 
such a call in the town in two hundred years), and inspired 
by the historic associations of the ancient parish, Mr. Mooar 
undertook, in addition to his onerous pastoral duties, the task 
of preparing a manual of the church, which should gather to- 
gether and preserve the valuable information, fast sinking 
into oblivion on decaying gravestones, in musty manuscripts, 
and in the failing memories and traditions of members of the 
parish. This manual contains a history of the parish and of 
the church, lists of officers and members, more than two 
thousand names, with the dates of their reception and dis- 
mission, — the whole forming a lasting memorial of the 
church, and of the pastor who performed this labor of love. 

Dr. Mooar was ordained October 10, 1855, dismissed March 
27, 1861. He was fitted for college at Phillips Academy; 
graduated at Williams College, 185 i ; at Andover Theological 
Seminary, 1855. He is now pastor of the Congregational 
Church, Oakland, Cal., and Professor in the Pacific Theologi- 
cal Seminary. 

During Dr. Mooar's pastorate of the South Church, and 
largely owing to his unremitting exertions, a new meeting- 
house was built (i860), the one now in use. It is one hundred 
and nine feet long, seventy-one feet wide ; has pews in the 
body of the house for seven hundred persons, in the gallery 
for two hundred persons. The cost was about ^20,000. 

The pastorate of Mr. Mooar intervened between the two 
pastorates of the Rev. Mr. Smith, which have been already 
sketched. 

The successor of Mr. Smith, the present pastor, Rev. James 
H. Laird, was ordained May 10, 1877. He is a native of 
Milton, Penn. He graduated, i860, at Oberlin College, where 
he also studied theology. 

The deacons of the South Church, during the one hundred 
and fifteen years in which it was the only church in the south 
part of the town (except that of the Theological Seminary), 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 485 

were John Abbot (elected 1711), William Lovejoy (1711), 
Nehemiah Abbot (1720), John Abbot, Jr. (1720), Isaac Abbot 
(1744), Joseph Abbot, Jr. (1744), John Dane, Jr. (1755), Hez- 
ekiah Ballard (1755), Joshua Holt (1766), Zebadiah Abbot 
(1785), Daniel Poor (1794), Isaac Abbot (1794), Nathan Ab- 
bot (r794), Abiel Pearson (1801), Mark Newman (181 1), Zeb- 
adiah Abbot, Jr. (18 1 3), Amos Blanchard (1825). Deacon 
Amos Abbot {1826), and Deacon Paschal Abbot (1827), were 
elected to take the place of those set off to the West Parish. 

The historical sketches of the three territorial parishes of 
Andover are now completed. We have seen that the limits 
of the First Parish were coextensive with those of the town, 
that the town was taxed for the support of " The Church of 
Christ," until 1709, when two precincts were formed by topo- 
graphical boundaries, and then each precinct or parish held 
its meetings and assessed its taxes for the support of its 
church. From 1710 to 1826 there were but two parish 
churches (North and South), and, in 1826, the West Parish 
was set off from the South Parish by topographical bounds. 
Also, some of the residents of the east part of Andover were, 
in 1740, by vote of the North Parish, and act of the General 
Court, " set off to the North Parish in Boxford, to all intents 
and purposes," paying their parish charges in that town, and 
relinquishing their rights and privileges in the North Parish 
of Andover. 

The inhabitants of the town of Andover, as thus marked 
off, must attend divine worship at their respective meeting- 
houses ; and if, as in time was allowed, any chose to go else- 
where " to meeting," they must still be assessed for the sup- 
port of the Congregational church in the parish where they 
lived. This state of things was, as every reader of the church 
history of New England knows, far from satisfactory to many. 
Petition after petition was presented to the General Court and 
to the National Congress, by persons and religious bodies who 
were not in favor of such an established church ; but although 
at times temporary relief was afforded, there was no real lib- 
erty, until, in 1833, the third article in the Bill of Rights was 
so amended that church and state were separated. 



486 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Since that time a great change has taken place. Parishes 
are no longer defined by surveyors with rod and chain. Gen- 
eral Courts give themselves no concern vs^ho shall be assessed 
Mrith the North, or vi^ho with the South Parish, Constables 
no longer carry men and women to jail for declining to pay 
their rates in support of the parish church, and holding wor- 
ship in their own houses under the ministrations of a Separ- 
atist preacher. The lines of demarcation are now purely 
social and sectarian, and " Societies " have taken the place of 
" parishes." 

The first intruder upon the charmed circle of the Andover 
parishes {after the Theological Seminary Church), was the 
Methodist Episcopal Church and Society, 1829. A meeting- 
house was built in the South Parish, and worship sustained 
for about ten years. Tiie church was supplied with preachers 
by the New England Conference ; not having, during a large 
part of the time, a resident pastor. It had a feeble and strug- 
gling existence, and about 1840 was disbanded. The list of 
ministers is given in the tabular statement at the close of this 
chapter. 

The next religious society was of the Baptist denomina- 
tion. During the ministry of the first pastor of the South 
Parish, a citizen had made a vain attempt to secure exemption 
from taxation, in order to attend a Baptist meeting in a neigh- 
boring town, but without success. It was chiefly owing to 
the persistency of the Baptists, upheld first by the Episcopa- 
lians, and afterward by the Unitarian Congregationalists, that 
full liberty of conscience and worship had been secured, and 
the Bill of Rights had been amended so as to remove taxa- 
tion, except voluntary, for the support of religious teachers 
and churches. The Baptists, therefore, made haste to avail 
themselves of their privileges, and to establish their houses 
of worship in the very centres of the Congregational Par- 
ishes, sometimes when their small numbers and limited means 
made the support of a minister difficult. 

The Baptists at Andover formed a church in 1832, and, 
aided by their brethren elsewhere, built a meeting-house, the 
same now standing. They continued to sustain pastors and 
regular worship for about fifteen years. There was then only 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 487 

interrupted and infrequent service until 1857. At that time 
the scattered church members gathered together and united 
with the Baptist Church in Lawrence, under the charge of 
the Rev. Frank Remington, who held a series of revival meet- 
ings at Andover, and largely added to the membership of the 
church. In July, 1858, the church was reorganized, and the 
Rev. William S. McKenzie was installed as pastor. Since 
the resignation of this pastor there have been various sup- 
plies, and some settled pastors. The last pastor resident in 
Andover was Rev. H. R. Wilbur, 1876. A list of the pastors 
is given in the tabular statement at the end of this chapter. 

The "Evangelical Church of North Andover," 1834, was 
the next religious organization made in the town. The estab- 
lishment of the Theological Seminary had tended to bring 
questions of creed more prominently before the churches, and 
to emphasize the importance of doctrinal distinctions. The 
churches and individuals more and more came to consider it 
a duty to define their position, and to range themselves con- 
spicuously on one side or the other of the denominational 
lines which, about the beginning of the present century, be- 
gan to be sharply drawn. The questions which finally ended 
in the division of the Congregational body into Unitarian and 
Trinitarian were discussed with more and more earnestness 
and acrimony. The North Church, from the beginning, had 
been more Arminian than Calvinistic in tendency, although 
its pastors had associated in cordial fellowship with their 
brother clergy of Calvinistic creed, and even in the later time 
the names of Dr. Symmes and Mr. Loring were on the 
" Andover Association " (now of the Calvinistic and Trini- 
tarian Congregational order). But a strong feeling had grown 
up in the town, that the First Church was not of the true 
faith, or supporting an Evangelical ministry, and that another 
church ought to be organized in the North Parish for the 
accommodation of individuals of the First Church who were 
not in sympathy with its prevailing tone, and for persons of 
Calvinistic faith who had become residents of the parish but 
had not removed their connection from the churches in the 
respective towns of their former residence. 



488 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

The South and West churches, and the church of the The- 
ological Seminary favored this movement, and aid was pledged 
by the Home Missionary Society. Subscriptions were ob- 
tained among the churches of the county, and a meeting- 
house was erected at North Andover, a little east of the North 
Meeting-house. This house of worship was dedicated Septem- 
ber 3, 1834, ^rid on the same day the "Evangelical Church" 
was organized. It consisted of thirty-one members. Seven 
(one male and six females) members were from the First 
Church, fourteen from the South Parish ; the others were 
from churches in various towns, but probably nearly all resi- 
dents of North Andover. The names of the male members 
were : Jedidiah Farnham (deacon of the First Church), Jesse 
Pierce, Joseph Cummings, Aaron Henry, Albert Hervey, 
David Gray, Jr., Timothy Stacy. 

The church was supplied with preachers for some months by 
the neighboring churches. In 1835, September 9th, the first 
minister was installed, — the Rev. Jesse Page.^ For several 
years the church received aid from the Home Missionary So- 
ciety. Deacon Farnham was also a generous contributor, 
and about 1840 his son-in-law, Mr. George H. Gilbert, who 
had begun the manufacturing of machinery on the Cochich- 
awick, afforded material aid to the Society. Subsequently, 
the Hon. George L. Davis, and successive members of the 
firm of Gilbert, Gleason & Davis, and Davis, Wiley & Stone, 
became liberal supporters of the church. 

In 1865, the original house of worship at the centre of the 
town was abandoned, and a new and commodious church 
edifice was built in the machine-shop village. To this, Mr- 
George L. Davis contributed ^10,000, Mr. John A. Wiley 
$5,000, and Mr. Joseph M. Stone, $5,000. 

The Evangelical Church has had six pastors, all of whom 
have been able and godly ministers, influential not only in 
their own church and society, but an acquisition to the com- 
munity. 

The names of the ministers are as follows : Rev. Jesse Page, 
graduate of Dartmouth College, 183 1, of Andover Theological 
Seminary, 1835, ordained at North Andover September 9, 

^ Now living in Atkinson, N. H. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 489 

1835 ; Rev. William T. Briggs, graduate of Oberlin Institute, 
1844, ordained at North Andover November 4, 1846; Rev. 
Levi H, Cobb, graduate of Dartmouth College, 1854, Andover 
Theological Seminary, 1857, ordained at North Andover Oc- 
tober 28, 1857; Rev. Benjamin F. Hamilton, graduate of 
Amherst College, 1 861, Andover Theological Seminary, 1864, 
ordained at North Andover June 28, 1865 ; Rev. Rufus C. 
Flagg, graduate of Middlebury College, Vt, installed at North 
Andover September 26, 1872 ; Rev. George Pierce, graduate 
of Dartmouth College, 1863, installed at North Andover Oc- 
tober 16, 1878. 

In the year 1835, a new ecclesiastical element was intro- 
duced into Andover South Parish, and the anomaly of a 
" parish " within a parish created. This was the establish- 
ment of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and the formation 
of Christ Church and Parish, The name " Parish," borrowed 
from the English Church, where the parish system was like 
that which the New England Puritans adopted, had in this 
instance no significance of topographical bounds. The ad- 
vent of the Methodists and the Baptists into the community 
where for nearly two hundred years the Congregational had 
been the sole church, had made some stir ; but these bodies 
were small and of little influence compared with the other 
religious societies. The occasion was, however, one of con- 
siderable interest and importance when, on a Sunday in 1835, 
the Right Reverend B. B. Smith, of the Diocese of Kentucky, 
conducted a liturgical service in Andover. The establish- 
ment of this church was due to the efforts of Mr. Abraham 
Marland, the founder of the Marland Manufacturing Com- 
pany. He was a native of Ashton Parish, Lancashire, Eng- 
land, and a zealous and conscientious adherent of the estab- 
lished church. In his youth, he had risked the disapproval 
of his employers and the opposition of his comrades, who 
were of a dissenting congregation, in order to obey his con- 
viction of the duty of confirmation. After he was settled 
in business at Andover, he resolved, as he said, that there 
should be an Episcopal church in this village, "even if the 
whole cost of it were borne by himself alone." 



490 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

In August, 1835, i'^ compliance with a petition of twenty- 
three persons, a warrant was issued by a Justice for calling a 
Parish Meeting of the Protestant Episcopal Society of An- 
dover. Subsequently, stock was subscribed to the amount of 
;^6,000, in sixty shares. 

Abraham Marland and Benjamin H. Punchard subscribed 
each ten shares. 

Hobart Clark, John Marland, William S. Marland, and 
John Derby, each five shares. 

Samuel S. Valpey, G. K, W. Gallishan, three shares. 

John Flint, Samuel Gray, Nathan Frye, William P. Millett, 
Garret Wilson, were other subscribers at Andover. There 
were also some from Boston and vicinity. 

Messrs. Abraham Marland, Samuel Merrill, Esq., and Sam- 
uel Gray, were chosen a committee to make arrangements for 
public worship, which was held in the Bank Hall, until the 
church was built. The church was consecrated October 31, 
1837, and the first rector of the parish, Rev. Samuel Fuller, 
D. D., was instituted November i, 1837. At the services 
were present not only the clergy of the Episcopal Church, 
but those of the town generally, and the professors in the 
Theological Seminary, among them the venerable Dr. Woods. 
President Justin Edwards, being detained at home by illness, 
wrote to the rector a letter ^ of regret, closing with the fol- 
lowing expression of Christian sympathy : — 

" Hoping that the Lord will be with you and grant you his pres- 
ence, that he will fill your House with his Glory, and the hearts of 
all who worship in it with his love, I am truly yours." 

Dr. Fuller resigned his charge in June, 1843, to accept a 
professorship in the Theological Seminary of the diocese of 
Ohio. In July, 1849, he was again invited to resume his 
charge. He remained rector of the parish till October, 1859, 
a total of sixteen years. He was one of the first trustees of 
the Punchard Free School, which was founded by the liberal- 
ity of a member of his parish. 

The church was supplied for a time by the Rev. George 
Packard, D. D., subsequently rector of Grace Church, Law- 
rence. In 1845 Rev. Henry Waterman, D. D., entered on 

1 See A Historical Sketch of Christ Church, by the Rev. Samuel Fuller, D. D. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 49 1 

the office of rector, and continued till 1849. The successor 
of the Rev. Dr. Fuller, in his second rectorship, was Rev. 
Benjamin N. Babbit {i860), followed by Rev. James Thomp- 
son (1869). The present rector, Rev. Malcolm Douglass, 
D. D., has served since April, 1875. 

All the rectors of Christ Church have been gentlemen of 
scholarly culture and marked ability ; and this church and 
parish has included some of the most honored and influen- 
tial names of Andover, — citizens who have not only con- 
tributed to build up their own religious society, but have 
made large donations to the institutions of the town, as well 
as taken a prominent part in its business enterprises and 
among its professional men. 

Mr. Abraham Marland, who has been called the father of 
this church, died February 20, 1849, aged seventy-seven 
years. The funeral services took place on the following Fri- 
day in the presence of a large congregation. The rector de- 
livered a memorial address, which was subsequently printed. 
The particulars of Mr. Marland's business career will be 
noted in a future chapter. Respecting his Christian charac- 
ter and the termination of his long and useful life, his rector 
said, " It is quite unnecessary to make his Christian virtues, 
or his Christian deeds, the theme of a lengthened public 
eulogy. Our aged friend died where he had long lived and 
labored, and where his social and moral excellences had long 
commanded the respect and good will of all around him, .... 
and when the hour of his dissolution drew on, it was an hour 
of sweet, tranquil, childlike waiting for the summons to go- 
After a very gradual and lingering decay he sank gently and 
serenely to his final rest." 

The Christ Church parsonage lot, and the rectory and the 
burial-ground, were the gifts of Mr. Marland and his son, 
Mr. John Marland. 

Mr. Benjamin H. Punchard, son-in-law of Mr. Marland, 
was a liberal giver to Christ Church,^ and left a testament- 
ary bequest of seven thousand dollars. He also bestowed on 
missionary and benevolent societies an amount not less than 

1 During this writing the death of one of the oldest and most honored officers of 
Christ Church has occurred, the Hon. Francis Cogswell, warden for twenty years. 



492 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AN DOVER. 

ten thousand dollars, besides making a bequest of seventy- 
thousand dollars to found the Free School in Andover, which 
bears his name. 

In 1837 a Universalist Society was established in the South 
Parish of Andover, Forty-six men, " friends of Christianity 
and believers in the final holiness and happiness of all man- 
kind, through our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ " (as is 
stated in the Society's records), subscribed the Constitu- 
tion, which was adopted November 5, 1837. The committee 
who drafted this were John Foster, 3d, Seth Chase, Alonzo 
Smith. 

The object of the Society was declared to be "the promo- 
tion of truth and morality among its members, and also the 
world at large, and as the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ is 
calculated above all truth to inspire the heart with the emo- 
tions of benevolence and virtue, this Society shall deem it. 
one of its main objects to support the preaching of this gos- 
pel, according to the Society's ability, and to aid in spread- 
ing a knowledge of it among men." 

The Society records state that the committee had received 
" «<9 answer" to their application to the bank directors for 
the use of the Masonic Hall, as a place for public worship, 
and that ^^appearances indicate they wojild not!' They, there- 
fore, voted to build a house of worship at a cost of not more 
than ;^2,5oo. This meeting-house stood at the present corner 
of Main Street and Punchard Avenue, and has been latterly 
used as a school-house, and is now removed and sold to pri- 
vate parties. 

The Universalist Society sustained worship with consider- 
able regularity for about twenty-five years. Its Ladies' Aid 
Society continues to exist, but otherwise the Society is ex- 
tinct.^ The list of ministers is given at the end of this chap- 
ter, in the tabular statement. The first was Rev. Joseph 
Grammar, ordained October 3, 1838. The last, the Rev. 
Hiram A. Philbrook, installed 1868, The minister longest in 
office, also town clerk in 1855, and who has returned to live 

1 Services have been recently held, conducted by the Rev. Varnum Lincoln, 
and a large attendance indicates the revival of the society. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 493 

in Andover, is Rev. Varnum Lincoln. He resigned, 1856. 
The second pastor, Rev. S. P. Landers, published a tract on 
some doctrines of Universalism in reply to Professor Stuart. 

Since 1840 the following churches have been organized in 
Andover (North and South Parishes) : Methodist Episcopal 
Church, North Andover (1845) \ Free Christian Church, 
Andover (1846) ; Protestant Episcopal Church, Ballard vale 
(1850) ; Methodist Episcopal, Ballardvale (1850) ; Union Con- 
gregational, Ballardvale (1850) ; Roman Catholic Church, 
Andover^ (1852) ; Roman Catholic Church, North Andover^ 
(1868). 

The many ministers of the Methodist Church and their 
short stay make it impossible to particularize in regard to 
them. Their names are given in the tabular statement. The 
Methodist denomination has steadily gained ground, and in 
numbers and influence is an acknowledged power in the com- 
munity. 

The Free Christian Church, organized 1846, received its 
name from various circumstances of its origin ; it took an ac- 
tive stand in favor of freedom in the anti-slavery movement ; 
some of its members were by early association attached to 
the P'ree Church of Scotland, and liked the old name ; the 
seats in the meeting-house were free to all ; and finally, the 
church itself was at the outset independent of other organi- 
zations, and not in ecclesiastical association with the Congre- 
gational churches. Nearly half its members were from the 
former Methodist Society in Andover, and the church edifice 
was the Methodist Meeting-house, removed and remodelled. 

The prominent movers in the organization of this church, 
and zealous pioneers in the anti-slavery cause, were the part- 
ners, Messrs. John Smith ^ and John Dove. To the labors of 
the last named, and his eminent virtues, an appropriate tribute 
was paid by his pastor. Rev. G. F. Wright, in a memorial dis- 
course, November 26, 1870. Although a notice of his life is 

1 The town being divided 1855, the South and West Parishes constitute "An- 
dover." 

• Mr. Smith is still actively connected with the church, and, therefore, no 
mention need be made of his many benefactions. 



494 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

given in connection with the manufactures of Andover, the 
following extract from this memorial may here be made : — 

"When now, at the close of his earthly career, we are led to 
consider the large space he occupied in the business enterprises of 
Andover, and the extent to which he has aided the religious and 
educational institutions of the place, and when we remember how 
much the honor of our town has been enhanced by his charities 
abroad, we cannot avoid admiring the providence of God which 
brought him here and prepared the way for his success." 

After detailing the history of Mr. Dove's life, and the re- 
markable chain of circumstances — "providences" — which 
led him to Andover, and resulted in his successful business 
career, his pastor speaks of his moral and religious character, 
and especially of one characteristic, his ready sympathy and 
generous sensibilities, leading him sometimes to an extreme 
of benevolence : — 

" He was naturally disposed to trust his fellow-men. He counted 
in business on the triumph of the better qualities of human nature. 
Indeed, his generosity of disposition was such, that he was no 
doubt sometimes imposed upon by beggars. On one occasion, 
when wishing to go out upon the street, he found himself without 
an overcoat fit for the occasion ; for, as he came in at the door, he 
had slipped his best one on to the back of a shivering tramp who 
appealed for his aid. At another time, and for a similar reason, 
he found himself with nothing but his broadcloth suit when business 
called for a coat of gray." 

Mr. Dove was a constant and generous contributor to the 
Temperance Society of the State, and to those societies which 
furnish the rudiments of education to the freedmen of the 
South ; but his largest gifts were to schools of a higher grade, 
and to the libraries of his own town. He gave largely to 
help establish a school in his native town in Scotland. A 
gift of seven thousand dollars attested his interest in those 
who read the books in the Memorial Hall Library, in An- 
dover. But the work of the ministry, and of higher theo- 
logical education, was most prized and assisted by him 

He gave several thousand dollars to the Chicago Theological 
Seminary, and smaller gifts to Oberlin College, and thirty 
thousand dollars to the Library of the Andover Theological 
Seminary. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 495 

Among the other principal original members and support- 
ers of this church were Dea. James Smith, Dea. Joshua 
Blanchard, Dea. Amnion Russell, Dea. Thomas Clark, Mr. 
William G. Donald, Dea. George Foster. 

The church has had eight pastors, whose names are given 
in the tabular statement. The one longest in office, the pres- 
ent pastor, Mr. George Frederick Wright, was installed 1872. 
Mr. Wright has, in addition to his ministerial labors, made 
a series of geological explorations in Andover and vicinity, 
which have added materially to scientific knowledge. The 
results of these he has embodied in papers published by the 
Boston Society of Natural History, " Remarkable Gravel 
Ridges of the Merrimack Valley," and " The Kames and 
Moraines of New England ;" also, recently published, a valu- 
able book, entitled " The Logic of Christian Evidences." 

The next religious organization was in the Ballardvale dis- 
trict, — the Protestant Episcopal Church, organized 1846. 
This was continued only a few months, and as there were 
not persons enough in the village to support an Episcopal 
Church, a Union Church of the various denominations was 
formed. Finally, in 1850, two societies were organized, the 
Union Congregational and the Methodist Episcopal. 

The pastor of the Union Church (ultimately Congrega- 
tional), from the first was the Rev. Henry S. Greene. He 
has been nearly forty years in office. He was born 1807, 
graduated at Amherst College, 1834, and at Andover Theo- 
logical Seminary, 1837, was thirteen years' minister in Lynn- 
field, having been forty-two years a preacher of the gospel. 

He married, 1840, Miss Mary P. Abbot, daughter of Capt. 
Stephen Abbot, of Andover, who died 1878, aged seventy- 
one. All their children are dead. The eldest, Henry M. 
Greene, died within a little over a year after his graduation 
at Amherst College. The aged minister ^ is thus, to use his 
own words, " left all alone — yet not alone." 

The Methodist Episcopal Church of Ballardvale has been 
supplied in part by preachers from other towns, and has had 
some resident pastors. 

^ Rev. Mr. Greene died June 11, 1S80. 



496 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

The Roman Catholic faith was brought to Andover in 
1755 (if not before), by the French Acadians, but it did not 
then obtain any hold, the Puritan prejudice against it being 
very strong. 

In 1852 the Church of St. Augustine was established at 
Andover, the Fathers of the Order of Saint Augustine, at 
Lawrence, conducting services. About 1862 there were res- 
ident pastors. The present pastor is the Rev. Father Maurice 
J. Murphy. This society are building a new church to be 
completed in the summer of 1881. 

In 1868 the Church of St. Michael was established at North 
Andover. The ministers are the Fathers of the O. S. A., 
Lawrence. 

In the later period, the number of students for the minis- 
try has increased with the population. Following are the 
names which have been collected, though probably these do 
not include all who have been residents, or natives of the two 
towns of Andover and North Andover : — 

Rev. Joshua Chandler (son of Abiel Chandler), graduate of Har- 
vard College, 1807 ; ordained at Swanzey, N. H. ; pastor at Bedford and 
Pembroke ; died, 1854. 

Rev. Jacob Holt (son of Dane Holt), graduate of Dartmouth Col- 
lege, 1813 ; pastor at Brookline, N. H. ; died at Ipswich. 

Rev. Peter Osgood (son of Peter Osgood, Esq.), graduate of Har- 
vard College, 1814; was ordained minister of Sterling, N. H., 1819; re. 
signed charge on account of failing health, 1839; resident at North An- 
dover ; died, 1865, aged seventy-two. 

Prof. Samuel Phillips Newman (a son of Dea. Mark Newman), 
was a graduate of Harvard College, 1816 ; student in Andover Theolog- 
ical Seminary; Professor in Bowdoin College, 1820-1839 i died, 1842. 

Rev. Asa Cummings, D. D. (son of Dea. Asa Cummings, North 
Andover), was a graduate of Harvard College, 1817; student in An- 
dover Theological Seminary, 1820 ; minister of North Yarmouth, 1821 ; 
editor of the ''Christian Mirror," Portland, Me. 1826-1855 ; died on a 
sea voyage, 1856, aged sixty-six. 

Rev. John R. Adams, D. D. (son of Mr. John Adams, Principal of 
Phillips Academy), graduate of Yale College, 1821 ; Andover Theolog- 
ical Seminary, 1826; ordained, 1831, Presbyterian Church, Londonderry, 
N. H. ; minister at Great Falls, Brighton, and Gorham, Me. ; chaplain 
of Fifth Maine Regiment and One Hundred and Twenty-first New 
York Regiment, 1861-1865 ; died at Northampton, Mass., 1866, aged 
sixty-four. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 497 

Prof. Stephen Foster (son of John Foster, North Andover) 
graduated at Dartmouth College, 1821 ; Andover Theological Seminary, 
1824; ordained, 1824; home missionary in Texas, Professor of Latin 
and Greek, and President of East Tennessee College ; died at Knox- 
ville, in 1835, ^ig^d thirty-seven. 

Rev. Nathaniel Gage (son of Nathaniel Gage, North Andover) 
was a graduate of Harvard College, 1822 ; tutor in the college ; ordained 
minister of Unitarian Church, Nashua, N. H., 1827 ; preached in Haverhill, 
Mass., Petersham, Westborough, and Ashby ; died at Cambridge, i86x. 

Rev. Amos Blanchard, D. D. (son of Dea. Amos Blanchard), was 
a graduate of Yale College, 1826 ; student of theology at Yale Theolog- 
ical School and at Andover Theological Seminary, 1829 ; ordained min- 
ister of First Church, Lowell, 1829 ; of Kirk Street Church, Lowell, 
1845-1S70 ; died, 1870, aged sixty-three. 

Rev. William Adams, D. D., LL. D. (son of Mr. John Adams, 
Principal of Phillips Academy), born 1807; fitted at Phillips Academy ; 
graduated at Yale College, 1827 ; Andover Theological Seminary, 1830; 
ordained, 183 1, Brighton, Mass. ; pastor of Madison Square Presbyte- 
rian Church, New York, from 1834 till his death, August 31, 1880. 

Rev. Leonard Woods, D. D. (son of Professor Woods), fitted at 
Phillips Academy; graduate of Union College, 1827; Andover Theo- 
logical Seminary, 1830; instructor in Hebrew, Andover, 1830; Profes- 
sor of Sacred Literature, Bangor Theological Seminary, 1835-1839 ; 
President of Bovvdoin College, i'839-i866 ; died in Boston, December 
24, 1878, aged seventy-one years, six months. 

Isaac Foster (son of John Foster, North Andover) was a graduate 
of Dartmouth College, 1828 ; student two years in Andover Theological 
Seminary; teacher, Portland, Me., Exeter, N. H., Kingston, R. L, 
1830-1839 ; not ordained ; resident of North Andover. 

Rev. Joshua Emery (son of Joshua Emery), graduate of Amherst 
College, 183 1 ; Andover Theological Seminary, 1834; ordained minister 
at Fitchburg ; pastor at North Weymouth. 

Andrew Peters (son of John Peters, of North Andover) was a 
student of Harvard College in the class which graduated 1832. He was 
studying with a view to fitting for the Unitarian Ministry, but died in 
183 1 of a fever brought on by a pedestrian tour of the White Moun- 
tains. 

Rev. Daniel Bates Woods (son of Professor Woods) was a grad- 
uate of Union College, 1833; of Andover Theological Seminary, 1837; 
ordained, 1839 i pastor of Presbyterian Church, Springwater, N. Y. ; pas- 
tor in Virginia, 1845 ; teacher in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Missouri. 

Rev. Sereno T. Abbot (son of Asa Abbot), graduate of Amherst 
College, 1833; Andover Theological Seminary, 1836; ordained, 1837, 
minister of Seabrook, N. H. ; died, 1855, aged forty-nine. 

Rev. Samuel H. Emery (son of Joshua Emery) was a graduate of 
Amherst College, 1834; Andover Theological Seminary, 1837; or- 

32 



498 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

dained, 1837, at Taunton, Mass. ; pastor at Bedford, Taunton, Quincy, 
111., Providence, R. I., 1869. 

Edward Blanchard (son of Dea. Amos Blanchard) was a student 
in Yale College, 1834, intending to fit for the ministry; died, 1834, aged 
twenty. 

Rev. William John Newman (son of Dea. Mark Newman) was a 
student of Yale College and Bangor Theological Seminary, 1834; or- 
dained at Stratham, N. H., 1836 ; pastor in York, Me. ; died, 1850. 

Rev. Wilson Ingalls (son of Ezra Ingalls) graduated at Union Col- 
lege, 1836; was tutor in the college one year; pastor of Dutch Re- 
formed Church in the State of New York, at Glenville, N. Y., 1854. 

Rev. Henry Callahan (son of Robert Callahan), born at North 
Andover, graduate of Union College, 1836 ; Andover Theological Sem- 
inary, 1840 ; pastor of Presbyterian Church, Niagara Falls, N. Y., 1845- 
1849; Oxford, N. Y., 1851-1861. 

Rev. Charles S. Putnam (son of Mr. Simeon Putnam, Principal of 
Frankhn Academy, North Andover) graduated at Union College, 1838; 
studied divinity at Episcopal Seminary, Virginia, and Andover Theolog- 
ical Seminary, 1846 ; rector at Woodbury, Derby, Warehouse Point, and 
Wallingford, Conn. ; Church of the Redeemer, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; died 
at Hanover, N. H., i860, aged forty-two. 

Rev. Daniel Emerson (son of Professor Emerson), graduate of 
Western Reserve College, 1839 ; Andover Theological Seminary, 1842; 
ordained, 1844; missionary and teacheV in the West, 1845-1855. 

Rev. Thomas E. Foster (son of Capt. Thomas Foster) graduated at 
Yale College, 1840; was teacher in Phillips Academy ; graduate of An- 
dover Theological Seminary, 1848 ; preached in various places ; not or- 
dained ; died at Andover, 1851, aged thirty. 

Rev. Joseph W. Burtt studied privately; was ordained in State of 
New York, 1843 ; pastor of Baptist Church, North Chelmsford. 

Rev. Jonathan Edwards (son of President Justin Edwards) grad- 
uated at Yale College, 1840; Andover Theological Seminary, 1847; was 
ordained minister of Woburn, 1848; pastor in Rochester, N. Y., Ded- 
ham, Mass., Grantville, 1879. 

Prof. Joseph Emerson (son of Professor Emerson) graduated at 
Yale College, 1841 ; studied in Andover Theological Seminary, 1845 \ 
was Professor of Ancient Languages in Beloit College, 1848, to the pres- 
ent time. 

Rev. Edward F. Abbot (son of Dea. Zebadiah Abbot) studied the- 
ology at Gilmanton, N. H. ; was ordained minister of church in Milton, 
N. H., 1846, at Dublin, N. H., 1855, at Ipswich, Mass., 1855. 

Rev. John N. Putnam (son of Mr. Simeon Putnam, Principal of 
Franklin Academy, North Andover), graduate of Dartmouth College, 
1843; of Andover Theological Seminary, 1849; Professor of Greek, 
Dartmouth College; ordained, 1852; died on a sea voyage, 1863, aged 
forty-one. 

Rev. Charles A. Aiken, D. D. (son of Mr. John Aiken), graduate 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 499 

of Dartmouth College, 1846; teacher in Phillips Academy (1848-49); 
graduate of Andover Theological Seminary, 1853 ; studied in the Uni- 
versities of Berlin and Halle; was ordained, 1854, at Yarmouth, Me.; 
Professor in Dartmouth College and New Jersey College, 1859-1869 ; 
President of Union College ; now Professor in Princeton Theological 
Seminary. 

Rev. Daniel T. Noyes, graduate of Yale College, 1847 ; Andover 
Theological Seminary, 185 1 ; ordained at Dorchester, 1853; pastor in 
Wisconsin ; Lieutenant Sixtli Wisconsin Battery ; killed in action at 
Corinth, Miss., October 4, 1862, aged thirty-eight. 

Rev. Samuel Emerson (son of Professor Emerson), graduate of 
Yale College, 1848; of Andover Theological Seminary, 185 1 ; preached 
at Enfield, N. H. ; was a teacher and missionary in Virginia, 1856-1858 ; 
resident in various places. 

Rev. George Mooar, D. D. (son of Benjamin Mooar), was a grad- 
uate of Williams College, 1851 ; Andover Theological Seminary, 1855; 
pastor of South Church, Andover ; pastor at Oakland, Cal., 1861 ; Pro- 
fessor of Theology in the Pacific Theological Seminary. 

Peter Smith Byers (son of James Byers) was confirmed in Christ 
Church, 1843 ; graduated at Harvard College, 1851 ; was teacher of the 
classics in Phillips Academy, 185 1, Principal of Abbot Academy, 1853, 
and Principal elect of the Punchard Free School. He died March, 1856, 
aged twenty-nine. 

Mr. Osgood Johnson (son of Mr. Osgood Johnson, Principal of 
Phillips Academy) graduated at Dartmouth College, 1852; studied in 
Andover Theological Seminary two years ; was Principal of High 
Schools at Worcester and at Cambridge ; died 14th April, 1857, ao-ed 
twenty-five. 

John Frye (son of Mr. Enoch Frye, of North Andover), a student 
in Phillips Academy; died July 18, 1853, aged twenty years. 

Rev. Stephen Barker (son of Henry Barker, of North Andover) 
was a graduate of Harvard Divinity School, 1856; ordained at Leo- 
minster, 1857; chaplain of a Massachusetts regiment three years ; one 
year agent of the Sanitary Commission ; has relinquished the ministry. 

Rev. John F. Aiken (son of Mr. John Aiken), graduate of Dart- 
mouth College, 1858 ; teacher in Phillips Academy ; counsellor-at-law 
in New York ; studied for the ministry in Andover Theological Sem- 
inary; preached at Pawlet, Vt, and Chichester; recently deceased. 

Rev. Simon G. Fuller (son of Rev. Dr. Fuller), graduate of Har- 
vard College, 1858 ; of Trinity College, 1864; rector at Syracuse, N. Y. ; 
died, 1872. 

Rev. Edwin S. Beard (son of Rev. Mr. Beard, resident at Andover) 
graduated at Yale College, 1859; Andover Theological Seminary, 1862 ; 
was ordained, 1863 ; pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, East- 
hampton, L. L ; now, 1879, Brooklyn, Conn. 

Rev. Thaddeus H. Brown (resident with relatives at Andover) grad- 



500 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

uated at Yale College, i860 ; Andover Theological Seminary, 1864; was 
ordained, 1866, North Woodstock, Conn. : died, 1868, aged thirty. 

Rev. William Edwards Park (son of Professor Park) graduated 
at Yale College, 1861 ; Andover Theological Seminary, 1867; ordained 
pastor of the Central Church, Lawrence, 1867; now pastor in Glovers- 
ville, N. Y. 

Rev. Allen C. Barrows (son of Professor Barrows), graduate of 
Western Reserve College, 1861 ; served in the Eighteenth United States 
Infantry, 1861-1864; teacher at Phillips Academy, 1864-1866; Professor 
in Western Reserve College, 1866-1871 ; ordained pastor of church, 
Kent, Ohio, 1871 ; still in office. 

Rev. John Phelps Taylor (son of Professor Tajlor) graduated at 
Yale College, 1862; Andover Theological Seminary, 1868; ordained 
pastor of the South Church in Middletown, Conn., 1868 ; now pastor in 
New London, Conn. 

Rev. William H. Beard (son of Rev. Mr. Beard), student at Union 
Theological Seminary ; resident licentiate of Andover Theological Sem- 
inary, 1866; pastor South KiUingly, Conn. 

Rev. James G. Merrill (son of the Rev. James H. Merrill, of the 
West Church) graduated at Amherst College, 1863; at Andover Theo- 
logical Seminary, 1866 ; ordained pastor of church in Mound City, 
Kansas, 1867 ; now pastor in Davenport, Iowa. 

Rev. John H. Manning (son of Thomas Manning), graduate of 
Andover Theological Seminary, 1864; home missionary, Tennessee, 
1865; pastor at Brookhne, N. H., 1867; died August 19, 1868, aged 
forty-four. 

Rev. David McGregor Means (son of Rev. James Means), grad- 
uate of Yale College, 1868 ; student of Andover Theological Seminary ; 
Professor of Logic and Philosophy in Middlebury College. 

Rev. David S. Morgan, student in Andover Theological Seminary, 
1866; ordained at Worthington, Mass., 1867; preached in Wisconsin 
and Iowa ; recently deceased. 

Mr. William W. Eaton (son of Mr. James Eaton, principal of the 
English Department of Phillips Academy), a graduate of Amherst Col- 
lege, 1868 ; student of Andover Theological Seminary, 1869 ; temporary 
instructor in the Classics, Phillips Academy ; student three years in Ger- 
many ; assistant to the Associate Professor of Sacred Literature in the 
Theological Seminary. 

Rev. D. J. Stone (son of Nahum Stone), ordained at Ouincy Point, 
May, 1868 ; died May 18, 1871, aged thirty-one ; a member of the Bap- 
tist Church, Andover. 

Rev. Moses Stuart Phelps (son of Professor Phelp.s), a graduate 
of Yale College, 1869; of Andover Theological Seminary, 1872 ; Acting 
Professor of Philosophy, Smith College, 1879. 

Rev. Lawrence Phelps (son of Professor Phelps) studied with pri- 
vate instruction, and in part at Andover Theological Seminary ; ordained 
pastor in Barton, Vt., 1878. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 



501 



Rev. E. Winchester Donald (son of William C. Donald), grad- 
uate of Amherst College, 1869; of Union Theological Seminary, 1874; 
rector of the Church of the Intercession, Washington Heights, N. Y. 

Rev. Charles H. Abbot (son of Henry W. Abbot), graduate of the 
Punchard High School and Chicago Theological Seminary, 1875; or- 
dained in Huntley, 111., 1876 ; now in West Springfield, Mass. 

Rev. George H. Gutterson (son of George Gutterson), graduate 
of Andover Theological Seminary, 1878; missionary of the American 
Board in India. 

Rev. Father Daniel D. Regan (son of John Regan) graduated 
at the Punchard High School ; studied at Villanova College and Sem- 
inary, 1870 ; is in charge of the Catholic Church of Waterford, N. Y. 

TABULAR STATEMENT OF PASTORS AND CHURCHES. 
North Parish, First Church organized October 24, 1645. 



Names of Pastors. 
Rev. John Woodbridge 
Rev. Francis Dane . . 
Rev. Thomas Barnard 



Date of Installation. 
October 24, 1645 . 
1648 . 
February, 1682 



Rev. John Barnard April 8, 1719 . . 

Rev. William Symmes, D. D. . . November i, 1758 

Rev. Bailey Loring September 19, 18 10 

Rev. Francis C. Williams . . . February 22, 1850 

Rev. Charles C. Vinal May 6, 1857. . . 

Rev. John H. Clifford .... August 29, 1871. 



Close of Pastoral Relation. 
1647. 

February 17, 1697. 
October 13, 1718. 
June 14, 1757. 
May 3, 1807. 
February 22, 1850. 
May 27, 1856. 
April 15, 1870. 



South Parish, Church organized October ly, lyii. 

Close of Pastoral Relation. 
June 5, 177 1- 
July 28, 1809. 
October i, 1827. 



Names of Pastors. Date of Installation. 

Rev. Samuel Phillips October 17, 17 11 . 

Rev. Jonathan French September 23, 1772 

Rev. Justin Edwards, D. D . . , December 2, 1812 



October 4, 1835. 
March 30, 1839. 
July 19, 1852. 
November 28, 1853. 
March 27, 1861. 
April 20, 1876. 



Rev. Milton Badger, D. D. . . . January 3, 1S28 
Rev. Lorenzo L. Langstroth . . May 11, 1836 . 
Rev. John L. Taylor, D. D. . . July 18, 1839 . 

Rev. Charles Smith October 28, 1852 

Rev. George Mooar October 10, 1855 

Rev. Charles Smith December 18, 1861 

Rev. James H. Laird May 10, 1877. 

Church of the Theological Seminary. 
Organized in the autumn of 18 16. Reorganized (a second church 
in place of the first) November i, 1865. 
Pastors, the Professors in the Seminary. 

West Parish, Church organized December 5, 1826. 



Names of Pastors. 
Rev. Samuel C. Jackson, D. D. 
Rev. Charles H. Peirce . . . 
Rev. James H. Merrill . . . 



Date of Installation. 
June 6, 1827 . . 
October 9, 1850 . 
April 30, 1856 . . 



Close of Pastoral Relation' 
September 25, 1850. 
January i, 1855. 
December i, 1879. 



Rev. Austin H. Burr April 29, 1S80. 



502 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



1829. 



Methodist Episcopal Church 
Rev. W. Emerson, 
Rev. Nathan R. Spaulding, 
Rev. Selah Stocking, 1830. 
Rev. R. Spaulding, ) ^g 
Rev. Mark Staple, \ ^ ' 



Rev. Le Roy Sunderland, ) 
Rev. C. S. M. Reading, \ 
Rev. P. Crandall, 
Rev. R. D. Easterbrook 



i8.-,2. 



J .833. 



{Andover), organized 18 2g. 
Rev. S. W. Wilson, 
Rev.D. Culver, 
Rev. S. W. Wilson, 
Rev. E. H. Downing 
Rev. A. Kent, 1836. 
Rev. Abraham D. Merrill, 1837. 
Rev. Amos Binney, 1838. 
Various preachers, 1839. 
Rev. Zechariah A. Mudge, 1840-1841. 



I 1834. 



Baptist Church, organized October j, i8j2. 



Names of Pastors. 



Date of Installation. Close of Pastoral Relation. 



Rev. James Huckins . . 
Rev. George J- Carleton . 
Rev. Nathaniel Hervey . 
Rev. Benjamin S. Cobbett 
Rev. Silas B. Randall . . 
Rev. William S. McKenzie 
Rev. Charles K. Colver . 
Rev. Daniel C. Litchfield 
Rev. H. R. Wilbur . . . 
Various preachers . . . 



August 28, 1834 
June 15, 1836 . 
August II, 1S39 
February 8, 1842 
October i, 1848 
July 28, 1S58 . 
August, 1861 . 
February, 1864 
April, 1872 . . 
1876 .... 



. October 25, 1835. 
. October 5, 1838. 
. 1841. 

. October 5, 1847. 
. October, 1849. 
. December, i860. 
. November, 1863. 
. May, 1868. 
. October, 1876. 
. 1879- 



Evangelical Church of North Andover, organized Septef?tber j, 18 j 4. 



Names of Pastors. Date of Installation. 

Rev. Jesse Page September 9, 1835 

Rev. William T. Briggs .... November 4, 1846 

Rev. Levi H. Cobb October 28, 1857 . 

Rev. Benjamin F.Hamilton. . . June 28, 1865 . . 

Rev. Rufus C. Flagg September 26, 1872 

Rev. George Pierce October 16, 1878. 



Close of Pastoral Relation. 
. June 7, 1843. 
. May I, 1855. 
. October 3, 1864. 
..September 13, 187 1. 
. October 31, 1877. 



Protestant Episcopal {Christ) Church, organized August 6, 183^. 

Close of Pastoral Relation. 
August, 1843. 



Names of Pastors. Date of Installation. 
Rev. Samuel Fuller, D. D. . . . October i, 1837 . 
Rev. George Packard, D. D. (Min- 
ister) 

Rev. Henry Waterman . 
Rev. Samuel Fuller, D. D. 
Rev. Benjamin B. Babbit 
Rev. James Thompson . 
Rev. Malcolm Douglass, D. D 



September i, 1843 
November, 1845 . 
October i, 1S49 • 
April I, i860 . . 
November 10, 1S69 
April, 1875. 



1845. 

July 31, 1849. 
October 1, 1859. 
October 26, 1868. 
July 27, 1874. 



Universalist Society, organized November 75, 183"/. 



Names of Pastors. Date of Installation. 

Rev. Joseph Grammar .... October 3, 1838 . 

Rev. S. P. Landers September 15, 1839 

Rev. William H. Griswold . . . April i, 1841 . . 
Rev. Lyman W. Dagget .... April i, 1843 . . 



Close of Pastoral Relation. 

July 14, 1S39. 
November 29, 1840. 
1842. 
1845. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 



503 



Names of Pastors. 
Rev. H. C. Hodgdon (Supply) 

Rev. Varnum Lincoln July. 1851 

Rev. Hiram Philbrook (Supply) . April, 1858 

Various supplies i860 . . 

Rev. Varnum Lincoln (Supply) . 1879. 



Date of Installation. Close of Pastoral Relation 



May, 1856. 
April, 1S59. 
1865. 



Methodist Episcopal Church 

Rev. Stephen G. Ililer, 1 845-1846. 
Rev. James Dean, 1846-1847. 
Rev. William Pentecost, 1849-50. 
Rev. S. S. Cook, 1S50-1851. 
Rev. Ichabod Marcy, 1851-1853. 
Rev. John C. Smith, 1853-1855. 
Rev. William F. Lacount, 1855-1857 
Rev. Nathan A. Soul, 1857-1858. 
Rev. Rodney Gage, 1858-1860. 
Rev. George Sutherland, 1860-1862. 



{North Andover), organized 184^. 

Rev. William IVL Hubbard, 1862-1863. 

Rev. John Middleton, 1863-1864. 

Rev. George E. Chapman, 1864-1866. 

Rev. Nathaniel Bemis, 1866-1868. 

Rev. John T. Day, 1868-1871. 

Rev. Linus Fish, 1871-1873. 

Rev. Joseph W. Lewis, 1873-1875. 

Rev. Burtes Judd, 1875-1876. 

Rev, William P. Blackmer, 1876-1879. 

Rev. Joseph Candlin, 1879. 



Ballardvale. Protestant Episcopal Emanuel Church, organized 

August Y, 1846. 

Names of Pastors. Date of Installation. Close of Pastoral Relation . 

Rev. W. H. Moore November 9, 1848 . August, 1849. 

Ballardvale. Union Congregational Church. Society organized 1830 ; 

Church, December ji, 1834. 

Names of Pastors. 
Rev. Henry S. Greene . . 



Date of Installation. 
April I, 1855 . , 



Close of Pastoral Relation. 
. June II, 1880. 



Ballardvale. Methodist Episcopal Church, organized February, 18^0. 



Rev. S. G. Hiler. 
Rev. S. S. Cook. 
Rev. A. F. Bailey. 
Rev. John B. Foot. 
Rev. O. S. Home. 
Rev. Pliny Wood. 
Rev. M. F. Warren. 
Rev. Joseph Scott. 



Rev. John Mansfield. Rev. A. M. Osgood. 

Rev. A. O. Hamilton. Rev. G. Osgood. 
Rev. Edward B. Otheman. Rev. T. Parkinson. 



Rev. G. Ellis. 
Rev. W. F. Lacount. 
Rev. John S. Day. 
Rev. H. D. Weston. 
Rev. J. Short. 



Rev. E. Leesman. 
Rev. W. Buzzell. 
Rev. W. Wignall. 
Rev. W. Wilkie. 



Eree Christian Church, organized May 7, 1846. 



Names of Pastors. Date of Installation. 

Rev. Elijah C. Winchester . . . February i, 1846 

Rev. Sherlock Bristol October 16, 1848 

Rev. William B. Brown .... Augu.st 31, 1850 

Rev. Caleb E. Fisher June i, 1855 . 

Rev. Stephen C. Leonard . . . August 16, 1859 

Rev. James P. Lane April 4, 1866 . 

Rev. Edwin S. Williams .... September i, 1870 
Rev. George Frederick Wright . June 10, 1872. 



Close of Pastoral Relation 

September 10, 1848. 
October 24, 1849. 
April I, 1855. 
May 4, 1859. 
November 5, 1865. 
March 30, 1870. 
April 4, 1872. 



504 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



Roman Catholic Church, St. Augustine's {Andover), erected 1832. 

Names of Pastors. Date of Installation. Close of Pastoral Relation.) 

Rev. Michael Gallagher .... 1862 August, 1S69. 

Rev. Ambrose A. Mullen . . . 1869 July, 1876. 

Rev. Maurice J. Murphy .... 1S76. 

Roman Catholic Church, St. Michael's (North Andover), erected 1868. 

Names of Pastors. Date of Installation. 

Rev. M. J. Doherty 1868 Temporary supply. 

Rev. William Orr 1869 Temporary supply. 

Rev. James Murphy 1872. 



Names of 

Graduation. 

1660. H. U. . . . 

1693. H. U. . . . 

1703. H. U. . . . 

1709. H. U. . . . 

1723. H. U. . . . 

1723. H. U. . . . 

1727. H. U. . . . 

1732. H. U. . . . 

1734. H. U. . . . 

1735. H. U. . . . 
1735. H. U. . . . 
1737- H. U. . . . 
1743. H. U. . . . 
1747. H. U. . . . 
1757. H. U. . . . 
1761. H. U. . . . 
1767. H. U. . . . 
1769. H. U. . . . 
1771. H. U. . . . 
1784. H. U. . . . 
17S6. H. U. . . . 
17S9. H. U. . . . 
1790. H. U. . . . 
1792. H. U. . . . 
1798. H. U. . . . 

1800. D. C 

1801. D. C 

1805. H. U. . . . 

1S07. H. U. . . . 

1813. D. C 

1814. H. U. . . . 
1816. H. U. . . . 



Divinity Students in Chronological Order. 

Name. Place of Settlement. 



Simon Bradstreet ^ . 
Simon Bradstreet 1. 
Joseph Stevens 1 . 
John Barnard ^ . . 
Andrew Peters ^ . 
Jonathan Frye ^ . . 

John Blunt . . . 
Thomas Barnard ^ . 
Phineas Stevens^ . 
Samuel Chandler . 
John Phillips . . . 
Abiel Abbot . . . 
Edward Barnard ^ . 
Abiel Foster . . . 
Nathan Holt . . . 
Jacob Emery . . . 
Moses Holt . . . 
Stephen Peabody ^ . 
David Osgood, D. D. 
John Abbot . . . 
Robert Gray . . . 
Jonathan Osgood ^ . 
Peter Holt . . . 
Abiel Abbott, D. D, 
Jonathan French, D. D. 
John Dane . . . 
Thomas Abbot Merrill 
John Lovejoy Abbot 
Joshua Chandler . 
Jacob Holt . . . 
Peter Osgood ^ . . 
Samuel Phillips Newman 



New London, Conn. 

Charlestown. 

Charlestown. 

First (North) Church. 

Middleton. 

Died of Wounds received in 

Battle. 
Newcastle, N. H. 
Newbury. 
Boscawen. 
, York, Me. 
Exeter, N. H. 
Not ordained ; died 1737. 
Haverhill. 
Canterbury, N. H. 
Danvers. 
Pembroke, N. H. 
Preached for a short time only. 
Atkinson, N. H. 
IMedford. 

Professor in Bowdoin College. 
Dover, N. H. 
Gardner. 
Epping, N. H. 
Haverhill. 

North Hampton, N. H. 
Newfield, Me. 
Middlebury, Vt. 
Boston, First Church. 
Swanzey, N. H. 
Brookline, N. H. 
Sterling, Mass. 
Professor Bowdoin College 



1 Residents of North Andover. 



CHURCHES AND MINISTERS, ETC. 



505 



Graduation. 
1817. H. U. 
1821. D. C. 

1821. Y. C. . 

1822. H. U. 

1526. Y. C. . 

1527. Y. C. 
1827. U. C. . 

182S D. C. . 
1831. A. C. . 



1831. H. U. , 

1833. u. c. . , 

1833. A. C. . 

1834. A. C. . . 
1834. Y. C. . 

1834. Y. C. . 

1835. Y. C. . . 

1836. U. C. 
1836. U. C. . 

1838. U. C. . . 

1839. W. R. C. 

1840. Y. C. . . 



1840. 

1840. Y. C. 

1841. Y. C. 



1843. D. C. . 

1847. Y. C. . 

1848. Y. C. . 
1851. W. C. 

1851. H. U. 

1852. D. C. . 



Name. 
, Asa Cunimiiigs, D. D. ^ 

Stephen Foster 1 . 

John K. Adams, U. D. 
. Nathaniel Gage 1 . 

Amos Blanchard, D. D. 

William Adams, D. D. 

Leonard Woods, D. U. 

Isaac Foster ^ . . 
Joshua Emery . . 
Andrew Peters ^ . 
Daniel Bates Woods 
Serene T. Abbot . 
Samuel Hopkins Emery 
Edward Blanch ard . 
WMlliam John Newman 
Joseph W. Faulkner 
Henry H. Callahan 
Wilson Ingalls . . 
Charles S. Putnam . 
Daniel Emerson 
Thomas E. Foster . 
Joseph W. Burtt . 
Edward Abbot . . 
Jonathan Edwards . 
Joseph Etnerson 
John N. Pif<p&m 



Daniel T. Noyes 
Samuel Emerson 
George Mooar, D. 
Peter Smith Byers 
Osgood Johnson . 

John Frye ^ . . 



D 



1856. Harvard Divin- 
ity School . . . Stephen Barker ^ . . 
1858. D. C. . . .John F.Aiken . . . 

1858. H. U. . . . Simon Greenleaf Fuller 

1859. Y. C Edwin S. Beard . . . 

i860. Y. C Thaddeus H. Brown . 

1861. W. R. C. . . Allen C. Barrows . . 

1861. Y. C William Edwards Park 

1862. Y. C John P. Taylor . . . 

1863. A. C James G. Merrill . . 

1864. A. T. Sem. . . John H. Manning . . 

1865. A. T. Sem.. . William H. Beard . . 



Place of Settlement- 
North Yarmouth, Me. 

Greenville, Tenn. 

Londonderry, N. H. 

Nashua, N. H. 

Lowell. 

Brighton. 

Professor Bangor Theological 
Seminary. 

Not ordained. 

Fitchburg. 

Died while a student. 

Springfield, N. Y. 

Seabrook, N. H. 

Taunton. 
. Died while in College. 
. Stratham, N. H. 
. Not ordained. 
. Oxford, N. Y. 
. Glenville, N. Y. 
. Woodbury, Conn. 
. Home Missionary. 
. Not ordained. 
. North Chelmsford. 
. Milton, N. H. 
. Woburn. 

. Professor in Beloit College. 
. Professor in Dartmouth Col- 
lege. 
. Dorchester. 
. Enfield, N. H. (Supply). 
. Andover, South Church. 
. Not ordained. 
. Teacher Cambridge High 

School. 
. Died while a student in Phillips 
Academy, 1853. 

. Leominster (now in business). 
. Pawlet, Vt. 
. Syracuse, N. Y. 
. Easthampton, L. L 
. North Woodstock, Conn. 
. Kent, Ohio. 
. Lawrence. 
, Middletown, Conn. 
. Mound City, Kansas. 
. Brookline, N. H. 
. South KiUingly, Conn. 



1 Residents of North Andover. 



5o6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Graduation. Name. Place of Settlement. 

D. J. Stone Qaincy Point. 



1866. A. T. Sem. . . David S. Morgan . . . Worthington. 

1868. Y. C David McGregor Means. Professor Middlebury College. 

1S68. A. C William W. Eaton . . . Instructor in Andover Theo. 

Sem. 

1869. Y. C Moses Stuart Phelps . . Professor in Smith College. 

1869. A. C E. Winchester Donald . Washington Heights, N. Y. 

1875. Chicago Theo. 

Sem Charles H. Abbot . . . Huntley, 111. 

1878. A. T. Sem. . . George H. Gutterson . . Missionary in India. 

1878. Private instruc- 
tion and A. T. S. . Lawrence Phelps . . . Barton, Vt. 

1870. Villanova Col- 
lege Daniel D. Regan . . . Waterford, N. Y. 

William Regan, Timothy Regan, and John O'Brien are studying for the min- 
istry in Villanova College. John Cronley is in Montreal Seminary. 

Charles R. Pollard is studying for the ministry in Wilbraham Seminary, 1880. 

BURYING-GROUNDS AND CEMETERIES. 

The first settlers made their burying-ground close by the 
meeting-house, as it was the custom to have the church- 
yards in England. Allusion to this burying-place has been 
made in the chapter on the " Memorials of the Early Settlers," 
and in various other parts of this history. It is one of the 
spots most suggestive of historic itiemories of all in Old An- 
dover. Here, if anywhere, we can hold converse with the 
fathers, and feel that the names which we read were borne 
by men and women who were alive in our town when its 
inhabitants numbered but a score, and when the first grave 
was made of the thousands that have received the successive 
generations of citizens. 

There are now only two stones remaining with legible in- 
scriptions, bearing date prior to 1700. One of these is in 
memory of John Stevens, who died April 1 1, 1662 ; the other, 
in memory of Timothy Swan,^ who died 1692, February 16, 
in the thirtieth year of his age. The gravestone does not 
tell the tale that he was supposed to have been brought to 
his grave by the malice and wickedness of witchcraft. About 
two hundred and fifty stones are of date between 1700 and 
1800 ; some eighty between 1800 and 1825 ; four or five be- 
tween 1825 and 1855, one erected since 1855. About 330 
inscriptions are legible. 

1 See Chapter III. 



BURYING-GROUNDS AND CEMETERIES. 507 

Three pastors of the First Church are buried here, whose 
gravestones remain, — the Rev. Thomas Barnard, the Rev. 
John Barnard, Rev. William Symmes. The grave of the 
Rev. Francis Dane, which was probably in this burial-ground, 
is now unmarked. 

In this burying-ground was doubtless buried the soldier, 
young Joseph Abbot (son of George Abbot, Sen.), who on 
the i8th of April, 1676, fell defending his brother and him- 
self from the savages, — the first soldier who was buried in 
Andover. 

Here lies the dust of the two North Andover Colonels ^ 
in the Revolutionary service, James Frye and Samuel John- 
son, whose gravestones are standing. Here are the grave- 
stones of Dr. John Kittredge, Dr. Ward Noyes, and others 
of honorable name and service, officers in the Old French 
Wars and the Revolution ; and the tomb of the Hon. Samuel 
Phillips, — a stately monumental pile. 

One of the curiosities is the gravestone of " Primus a faith- 
ful servant of Mr. Benjamin Stevens who died July 25 1792, 
aged 72 years 5 months 16 days." 

The stones from 1700 to 1750 are all characterized by a 
severe simplicity. Merely the names of the dead, with the 
date of their birth and death or their age. The use of the 
prefix " Mr." is noticeable, as much a title of distinction or 
rank as " Colonel " or " Rev," is now. The few emblems 
and symbols used were of three principal patterns, the most 
common a cherub's head with wings. The skull and cross- 
bones appear but seldom. 

The burying-ground was not adorned or beautified, and 
hardly guarded from desecration short of actual destruction. 
As late as 1830, sheep were allowed to feed there : — 

" Voted, that the burying ground shall be fed with no other 
creature than sheep. 

" Voted, that the parish committee agree with a sexton, and Dis- 
pose of the Apples and Feed in the burying-ground to the best 
advantage." 

The following order for gravestones for the old burying- 

1 See Chapter V. 



508 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ground is found among some ancient manuscripts preserved 
in the family of the persons who ordered them : — 

" Mr. Robert mulican of Bradford : Ser pray make : for me Two 
Grave Stones : one for David Foster jeuner of Andover : who Died 
the 2 2 : day of December: in the year of our Lord : 1736, in the 
20th year of his age : the son of David and Lidea Foster of An- 
dover. 

" And. one for Lidea Foster the daughter of David and Lidea 
foster of Andover: who died in the 17th year of her age in the 
year of our Lord 1736, and when they are made : send me word : 
and I will come and pay you for them. David Foster. 

" And one for Isaac Foster : the son of Joshua and Mary Fos- 
ter of Andover who died in the third 3 : year of her age in the year 
1738. Pray send me word when it is made : and I will satisfye you 
for it. Joshua Foster. 

" Let them all be made : before you send us word the 3 day of 
April 1739." 

The orders were executed, and the gravestones are stand- 
ing now, and show how well Mr. Robert Mullican executed 
the work which was left to his direction. He substituted 
the more high-sounding phrase, " Departed this life " for the 
simple " Died." 

This burying-ground was increased in extent from time to 
time, by grants from the proprietors of additional land. It 
continued to be used occasionally down to about 1845. 

The customs or fashions of funeral services, when this 
burial-ground was principally in use, were very unlike those 
now in the town, although in some places the ancient usages 
are again coming into vogue. The pall-bearers received 
presents of gloves, rings, and scarfs from the friends of the 
deceased. The bier was carried from the house to the grave 
by the bearers, who often walked for miles. 

In 1703, it was voted by the town, that " a hansom piece of 
Black broadcloth be bought for a funerall death for the Towne 
use and that payment be made for it out of the Towne Treas- 
ury. 

There was no hearse in town till 1797. Then it was voted 
to have one built (at Salem).^ 

^ Abbot's History of Andover. 



BURYING-GROUNDS AND CEMETERIES. 509 

Prayers were made at the grave. After the burial service, 
invited guests returned to the house and partook of refresh- 
ments. 

According to the custom of the time, wines and strong 
Hquors were provided. The free use of strong Hquors at 
funerals was rebuked by the Rev. Mr. Phillips in a sermon, 
1720. This custom of eating and drinking after funerals is 
often misunderstood and misrepresented. It was an abso- 
lute necessity for the bearers, after a walk of many miles, 
and often exposure to severe weather, to be at once refreshed 
with food and drink. The kind and quantity provided ac- 
corded with the fashion of the day, which was to use liquors 
on all occasions of dining and supping where friends met 
together. The increase of burial-grounds, and the conse- 
quent diminution of the distance of walking, was a reason 
for less abundant provision, and the gradual doing away with 
a fashion which (whatever else in the way of rings and gloves 
may be done) it cannot be desirable to revive. 

The second burying-ground of the North Parish {one was 
laid out in the South Parish on the division of the precincts) 
was laid out in 1817, on land bought of Mr. Jonathan Ste- 
vens, lying in the rear of Franklin Academy, near the meet- 
ing-house. 

The third burial-place of North Andover was laid out in 
1850. It consisted of eleven acres, which, by subsequent 
additions, has been increased to about twenty-five acres. It 
lies about a half mile southeast of the North Meeting-house, 
on the Marble Ridge Road. The original name, Andover 
Cemetery, was changed in 1875 to Ridgewood Cemetery. 

The cemetery was consecrated October 10, 1850. An ad- 
dress was made by the Rev. William T. Briggs, reviewing the 
history of burial-places. The occasion was an impressive one. 
It was the afternoon of a mild autumn day ; the trees were 
beginning to fade from their brilliant hues into the sere and 
yellow tints that remind of the decay of the year and of mor- 
tal life. The large assembly, listening to the voice of prayer 
and the consecration (a service scarcely till then known in 
the town) of this peaceful spot where, ere many years, nearly 
all would lie down in their last rest, were hushed into solem- 



510 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

nity. The hymn sung was written for the occasion by Mrs. 
A. D. T. Whitney, who is connected with North Andover 
families, and a frequent visitor to the town \ — 

HYMN. 

" We come to consecrate today, 

With spirits hushed and words of prayer, 

' A sweet, still spot, that we may lay 

In days to come our loved ones there. 

" But yesterday 't was common ground ; 

Henceforth not even a flower shall spring 
Out from its bosom but shall be 
Unto our hearts a holy thing, 

" We stand among our future graves, 
Around us lies the unbroken sod, 
And who shall first be slumbering here 
None knoweth save the Omniscient God, 

" When grief shall darken in the soul. 
And dust to dust with many a tear 
Be given, O Father, then let love 

Come down to meet the mourner here, 

" In beauty we would clothe the spot, 

And O may strength and grace be given, 
To robe our lives in beauty, too. 

And make our resting-place in heaven." 

The first grave of an adult here made was that of Capt. 
Francis Ingals, in November, 1850. 

Here was buried the Rev. Bailey Loring, also the Rev. 
Peter Osgood, ministers who participated in the exercises 
of consecration. Here one and another of the active busi- 
ness men of North Andover have rested from their labors, 
— manufacturers, merchants, farmers, whose enterprise and 
sagacity have built up the town's industries, extended its 
fame, and endowed its institutions of learning and religion, 
until, beneath the sod, which thirty years ago was unbroken, 
there are now more than five hundred graves. 



BURYING-GROUNDS AND CEMETERIES. 5 II 

All the original trustees of the cemetery have gone to their 
final rest, — Rev. Peter Osgood, Hon. George Hodges, Dea. 
Otis Bailey, Mr. Edmund Davis, Dr. Samuel Johnson ; the 
first treasurer also, Mr. Henry Osgood, and the second treas- 
urer, Mr. Horace' N. Stevens, and the later trustees, Mr. 
Francis Hodges, William Johnson, Esq., and James Johnson, 
Esq., all repose in this spot, which they had spent so much 
time and thought to adorn and make attractive. The follow- 
ing is from a report of the Trustees of the Cemetery Asso- 
ciation, a tribute to the memory of Mr. James Johnson, of 
Boston, who, by his request, was buried here in his native 
town : — 

" The trustees, in presenting their report, would notice the death 
of one of their number, which occurred at Boston, April 26, 1855. 
No one has taken a deeper interest in our cemetery, nor contributed 
so liberally to its funds, as James Johnson, Esq., and we would 
bear testimony to his untiring zeal, his wise counsels, and his faith- 
ful services as a trustee. Born in this town, he always retained a 
love for the place of his nativity, and was desirous that his remains 
might repose in this beautiful city of the dead. As a merchant, he 
had been successful in business, and had accumulated a large 
property ; and through all the changes of a long life maintained 
the reputation of an honest man, — 'that noblest work of God.' 
He was ready to encourage merit, and many a young man has 
been indebted for his success in life to his timely assistance. We 
would cherish the memory of his virtues ; and hold up for the imi- 
tation of our young men his example of perseverance and honesty, 
which secured to him not only wealth but the respect and esteem 
of the community in which he lived and all who knew him." 

The old sexton, who has done melancholy service for 
townsmen in the three burying-grounds of North Andover 
(having digged the first of the many graves of his making in 
1825, in the first burying-ground), still walks about the places 
of his long employment and views the ground where he must 
shortly lie. The aged man ^ leaning on his staff at the cem- 
etery gate, often watches (listening, for he can hardly see), as 
if with envy, his successor in the mournful seat of dignity on 
the slow-moving hearse. 

1 John Frye, sexton and grave-digger, 1825 to 1854. 



512 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

South Parish Burying-yard. 

The South Parish " Burying-yard," as it is named in the 
earliest parish records, was laid out about the time of the or- 
ganization of the church. The first persOTte)uried here was 
Robert Russell, who died December, 1710. The oldest in- 
scription is on the gravestone in memory of Mrs. Ann 
Blanchard, wife of Mr. Jonathan Blanchard, who died Febru- 
ary 29, 1723. 

The parish took great care in regard to the burying-yard 
to keep it well fenced, a committee being yearly elected to 
look after the repairs of the meeting-house, the parsonage, 
and the " Burying yard Fence." It was voted, 1714, to "buy 
a burying cloth, always when used to be left at Decon Ab- 
bots'." In 1757 it was again voted to "buy a burying cloth 
for the use of the Inhabitants." In 1798 it was voted " to 
procure a hearse," and soon after to build a hearse house. 

The first two pastors of the church, Rev. Mr. Phillips and 
Rev. Mr. French, were buried here. The tombstone orig- 
inally erected to the memory of Mr. Phillips is changed or 
replaced by a modern monument in memory of the Phillips 
family, many of whom repose here. 

This burying-ground is not in any respect essentially dif- 
ferent from the earlier one in the North Parish. The ancient 
gravestones are much the same in style, with merely change 
of names. There are few of the quaint and incongruous 
epitaphs, which are so often found in ancient burial grounds, 
among the inscriptions of the tombstones in the old Andover 
burying-grounds. Good sense and good taste characterize 
most of the epitaphs. 

The South Parish Burying-yard has been, from 1710, and 
still is, one of the principal burial places of the town, espe- 
cially of the families connected with the South Church. It 
has been enlarged many times, and is now laid out with lots 
and modern improvements. It contains some elegant and 
costly monuments to the memory of eminent citizens of An- 
dover. 

This burying-ground has probably been the scene of more 
funeral pomp and parade than any other in the town. The 



BURVING-G ROUNDS AND CEMETERIES. 513 

burial of the first minister of the South Church, the Rev. 
Mr. PhilHps, was attended, as has been previously noted, with 
considerable ceremony, six ministers officiating as pall-bear- 
ers, all having rin^s and gloves presented by the parish. 

The funeral of Lieutenant-governor Phillips was attended 
with great pomp. The long procession, including the Governor 
and Councillors, the President of the Senate, and other civil 
officers, with the dignitaries of the literary and religious in- 
stitutions of Andover, and the long train of citizens and stu- 
dents, wound down the hill from the mansion-house (while 
the bell tolled solemnly), and entering the gateway stood in 
reverent awe while the last rites were paid to the distin- 
guished citizen who had done so much for the town of his 
nativity.. 

Again, in 1809, was a scarcely less impressive scene at the 
burial of the Rev. Jonathan French. Here, also, since then 
have been many impressive funeral tributes to the memory of 
the eminent members of the South Parish of Andover, names 
than which few are more honorable. 

West Parish Burying-ground. 

As early as 1692 " those men on y^ west side of Shawshin 
river" were granted "y* libertie of a buring-place by y^ way- 
side, near y^ head of a place called Rowell's Folly, provided 
they fence 'it handsomely against swine and other creatures 
within a year from date." 

This condition they do not seem to have fulfilled, or to have 
taken up the land, for in 1748 the same place is again spoken 
of as offered : — 

"Then measured and bounded out one acre of land for a buring 
place for y'^ town's use, lying on y'^ southerly side of y* way that 
Leads from Mr. William Foster's to Ensign John Foster's, near y* 
Head of Rowell's Folly brook." 

Finally, in 175 1, the ground was accepted. 

'''• yune, 1751. A parcel of Land Bounded out for a Buring 
place on y^ southerly side of y* way over Shashin river, near y*^ 
Head of Rowell's Folly, accepted to be laid out." 

But no action in regard to laying it out is found in the pro- 
33 



514 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ceedings of the South Parish, or anything to indicate that be- 
fore 1 791 there was more than one burying ground in the 
parish. At that time it was voted "to erect a sutable fence 
around the piece of land laid out for a burying place near 
Paul Hunt's house." Whether this was the same land re- 
ferred to in the former votes of the town has not been ascer- 
tained. But, from this time, whenever repairs are annually 
provided for it is for the fences of the burying yards (not, as 
formerly, yard, in the singular number), showing that, not- 
withstanding the acceptance of the lot, in 1751, a second 
grave-yard was not laid out till twenty years later. The 
earliest stones are about 1790 to 1795. 

The number of graves of soldiers (who died in the late 
civil war) in this burying ground is remarkable, considering 
the remoteness of the parish from the centres of business 
and the excitements of crowds. From the various knolls and 
rising grounds, as one looks off over the cemetery, are seen 
everywhere fluttering in the breeze the little flags, the stars 
and stripes, that are the patriot's memorial. From one 
point of view thirty were counted, and there were many be- 
sides not visible from this point, and some graves or head- 
stones without the colors. This large number shows that a 
deep, earnest spirit of patriotism must have pervaded this 
rural parish, the same spirit that inspired the men of '75, 
Ames, Furbush, Boynton, Holt, and others, who were officers 
or soldiers at Lexington and Bunker Hill and Stillwater, and 
were of the stock that General Burgoyne pronounced invinci- 
ble, — the yeomanry of New England. 

The three burial places of the three parishes were the only 
ones in the town till the present century, except some private 
and family lots on homesteads. 

In 1 8 10 the burying ground of the Theological Seminary 
was added to the number. This is in some respects one of 
the most noteworthy cemeteries in Andover. It is on the 
Institution Hill, to the eastward of the buildings. Elevated, 
and commanding an extensive prospect, it is yet shut in from 
view and is a quiet secluded spot, pleasant and soothing to 
linger in. Here repose the remains of the fathers of the 
Seminary, — Woods, Stuart, Porter, the two Edwardses, and 



BURYING-GROUNDS AND CEMETERIES. 515 

many other scholars and divines who have made their home 
at Andover, besides the teachers in the academies, and stu- 
dents who have died far from home. Here, also, among the 
stately marbles and sonorous inscriptions and titles are little 
graves of many households. One marble cross attracts no- 
tice, — the only monument of this form in the burying 
ground. It is in memory of the son of Professor and Mrs. 
Harriet Beecher Stowe, a youth of nineteen, who was 
drowned in the Connecticut River, while he was a member 
of Dartmouth College. It was in reference to this bereave- 
ment that the mother wrote the touching little poem " Only 
a Year." 

Here are monuments to benefactors and trustees of the 
Seminary and Academy, among them Samuel Farrar, Esq., 
Mr. Jonathan Taylor, Mr. John Aiken, and Mr. John Dove. 

The mausoleum of the latter, a stately pile of Scotch gran- 
ite inscribed with gilded letters, and reached by an ascent of 
granite stairs, is an affecting reminder of the contrasts in the 
life of the man who entered Andover a penniless youth, and 
in the town of his adoption acquired the fortune which his 
muniiicence made a blessing to its seats of learning. 

In this cemetery also humble merit has its memorial from 
grateful patrons. Beside the monument of Professor Porter, 
is a plain stone whose inscription states that Almira Oua- 
cumbush was for thirty years a faithful domestic in the fam- 
ily of Dr. Porter, and died in full Christian hope. This was 
the woman whose name has a place in the Semi-centennial 
address of Dr. Nehemiah Adams. Alluding to the custom of 
the students to do the mowing in Professor Porter's grounds, 
he says : " Then came Myra from the front door, — Myra 
Quacumbush, black but comely ; and, like Evangeline bring- 
ing ' drink for the reapers,' she served us, overseers and la- 
borers, without distinction, with sweetened water." 

In 1840 Christ Churchyard was given to the parish by 
Mr. Abraham Marland. The honored dead of many mem- 
bers of this parish repose here. 

The Roman Catholic Cemetery was occupied about 1855. 
Its consecration has not yet been made. 

Spring Grove Cemetery was laid out in 1871 as a burial 
place for the town of Andover. 



5l6 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Mr. William G. Means was one of the first movers in re- 
gard to this cemetery, and selected the site and gave the 
granite gate-posts at the entrance. 

The main avenue is the old railroad track. A clear spring 
of water bursting from the sides of the embankment, gives 
the name to the cemetery. The grounds cover about forty 
acres. The cemetery was consecrated October 15, 1871. 
Rev. William E. Park delivered the address of consecration. 
Mr. William G. Means made a statement of the history of 
the cemetery. The hymn of consecration was the same writ- 
ten for the North Andover Cemetery. 

The first superintendent was Mr. Samuel Raymond, who 
did much toward the tasteful laying out of the grounds, and 
the arrangement of the lots. Here he erected a monument 
to the memory of his brave son, Walter Landor Raymond, 
who at the age of sixteen enlisted in the Forty-fourth Massa- 
chusetts Regiment of Volunteers, August 15, 1862, and died 
in Salisbury prison December 25, 1864, and was buried in the 

trenches. 

Spring Grove Cemetery is in some parts thickly wooded, 
and it demands a large appropriation of money to improve it 
properly for the purposes of a cemetery. But its location 
and its natural beauties are unsurpassed, and it will, no doubt, 
eventually become one of the most beautiful burial places in 

the county. 

A cemetery for the city of Lawrence is contemplated to 
be located in the vicinity of Den Rock. 

In closing this chapter the writer recalls vividly the ad- 
dress of consecration of the North Andover Cemetery, heard 
thirty years ago, but much more distinctly remembered than 
many " greater" discourses heard since. It reviewed the his- 
tory of burying-places in all ages, taking either for a text or 
a prominent thought the words of Scripture, which may not 
inappropriately close this chapter : — 

'■'■ And Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spake unto the 
sons of Heth, saying, I am a stranger and a sojourner with you; give 
me a possession of a buryitig place with you that I may bury my dead 
out of my sight .... and the field of Ephron, which was in Mach- 
pelah, which was before Mamre, .... the field and the cave which 
was therein, and all the trees that were in the field were made sure unto 
Abraham for a possession of a burying place:' — Gen. xxiii. 3, 17, 20. 



CHAPTER VII. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 

The Classical Grammar School. 

Early in its history Andover was favored with excellent 
school advantages, in the instruction of Mr. Woodbridge and 
Mr. Dane, the ministers, both of whom kept a private school- 
The town also took special interest in Harvard College, from 
the fact that Mr. Bradstreet's sons were students there, and 
that Mr. Benjamin Woodbridge, the first graduate of the col- 
lege, had come to make his residence in Andover. In 1678 
a contribution or assessment, the " complement for y® new 
building of y® college," was sent to Cambridge : this consisted 
of twelve bushels of corn. 

In the year 1700 Andover first took measures to fulfil the 
law requiring every town of one hundred families to make 
provision for preparing boys for college, by " setting up a 
Grammar School." The instruction in these schools was re- 
quired to fit the student who wished to enter college to 
" read any classical author into Enghsh, and readily speak 
and make true Latin, and write it in verse as well as prose, 
and perfectly decline the paradigms of nouns and verbs in 
the Greek tongue." 

It was not expected that the master of the Grammar School 
would teach all his pupils the classics, but such as wished 
to be prepared for college were to have the privilege. The 
school was probably in the main composed of all the chil- 
dren in the town, when it was first established, and before 
other schools were added in the outskirts, as there were after 
fifty years. Besides the Grammar School, and before its day, 
there were small schools kept by school dames, as is hereafter 
described. The first town action relating to the Grammar 
School is the following : — 



5l8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

"■Feb. 3, if §T. Voted and passed, that a conveniant school-house 
be erected at y^ parting of y'' ways, by Joseph Wilson's, to be 
twenty foot long and sixteen foot wide," 

It was not easy to find a master, there being few educated 
young men ready, but in 1703 the town selectmen were em- 
powered to engage a schoolmaster, and in 1704 Mr. Dudley 
Bradstreet was agreed with. He is the first of whom record 
is found. He was succeeded by Mr. Henry Rust. The sal- 
ary paid was about forty pounds a year. 

Mr. John Barnard taught in 1709, and afterward went to 
teach in Boston. 

After Mr. Barnard left the town for Boston, it seems to 
have been difficult to find a schoolmaster and keep up the 
school. The difficulties which the selectmen experienced are 
thus graphically detailed ^ : — 

To Ensign Samuel Frye. These present Pray Favor our Town 

so far as may be. 

Andover, March : y^ \6^^, 1712-13. 

This may certifye eny to whom it may consern : That y® Select- 
men of said Town have taken all the care and pains : they could 
for to procuer a schoolmaster for our Towne for y* year Last past : 
but could not obtaine one : First we Agreed with Mr. Obadiah 
Ayers, of havrell, for half a year, only he expected Liberty if he 
had a better call or offer : which we thought would be only to the 
work of y^ ministry : but however he was pleased to take it other- 
wise and so Left us : whereupon we fourthwith aplyed ourselves to 
the collidge : To the president for advice : and he could tell us of 
none, only advised us to the Fellows to ask them : and they ad- 
vised to Mr. Rogers, of Ipswich : for they could tell us of no 
other : and we applyed ourselves to him and got him to Andover. 
But by Reason our reverand Mr. barnard could not dieat^ him he 
would not stay with us : and since we have sent to Newbury and : 
Salsbury and to Mistick : for to hier one and cannot git one : and 
we doe take the best care we can for to bring up our children to 
Reeding by school Dames : and we have no Gramer Schoole in 
our Town as we know of : and we are now taking the best care we 
can for to obtaine one, therefore pray that we may be Favoured : 
so fare as may be : for we cannot compell gentellmen to come to 

1 Essex Court Files, from a paper read before the Essex Institute, by H. M. 
Brooks, 1854. 
^ "Board." 



Selectmen 

of 
AndoverP 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 519 

us : and we do suppose they are Something afraid by y'' Reason 

we Doe Ly so exposed to our Indyen Enemys : pray consider our 

great extremitie in that Regard, and we shall doe our uttermost to 

answer the tru intent of the Law in that behalf. So we Rest your 

humble petitioners : 

George Abbot, 

John Aslebe, 

Ephraim Foster, 

Nehemiah Abbot, 

The next record found is an engagement with Mr. Joseph 
Dorr, and the next year Mr. William Cooke, who, after a 
short time, was succeeded by Mr. Thomas Paine, and next is 
a record, " Mr. Withum, com to keep school in our Towne 
the 2"'iof Sept. 171 8." 

After the division of the town into Precincts, a Grammar 
School-house was built by the South Parish. It took three 
years of voting before the building was accomplished. 

"1714, Alar. 29. Voted, that the Precinct will build a school- 
house, that it shall be twenty-two feet by sixteen feet wide and six 
foot stud." 

"1717, Feb. Voted and passed, that Dea. Lovejoy, Timothy 
Abbot, Samuel Preston, jr., be and is a committee for to build and 
finish our School-house." 

" 1718. That the Committee will set up the school-house upon 
the Hill on the South-west of the Meeting-House, That it be forth- 
with built and finished." 

The next schoolmaster was obliged to teach alternately in 
the two Parishes. 

" Andover, the 12th of January, 1719 | 20. 
" This day mutually agreed with and Between the Selectmen of 
Andover and Mr. James Bailey to keep a gramer School for one 
year following for forty-four pounds, and he is to teach children 
to Read and elder persons to wright and Sifer as far as they are 
capable for the Time being, according to the Regular methods of 
such a school, and to keep the School in each precinct for the s** 
Term of Time, and to begin the schoole about three quarters of an 
hour after seven a'clock and to keep it according to the accus- 
tomed manner in the Sheer Towne. Witness our hands," etc. 

Mr. Bailey kept the school two years, and then, after one 
other teacher from abroad, a resident of the town was hired. 



520 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

'■'■September 2"'', 1723. The selectmen of Andover from the day 
of the date hereof agreed with Mr. Andrew Peeters that he should 
keepe a Grammer School a twelve month In the said Towne, allso 
that he wold Teach boys to Read, Rite, and Cypher, and that he 
wold teach and keep schoole in each precinct according to each 
Precinct's Pay, for which Service the Selectmen of s*^ Town prom- 
ised to Give the s*^ Andrew Peeters forty-four pounds," 

After a time, the remote districts beginning to become 
more thickly settled and populous, demanded to have a 
school kept in their neighborhood, and so the master be- 
came, as it were, peripatetic. The itineratings of one teacher 
are thus set forth in the records : — 

^^ Sept. y^ I, 1729. Philemon Robbins came first to keep a 
school in Andover, and began his school in y® south end of y* 
Town and continued there 3 months, and then went behind the 
pond in y^ first day of December and continued there until the 
25th day of said December, and then Returned to the middle of 
the Town and was sent to the south end of the towne and con- 
tinued there until the Last of January, and then was sent and con- 
tinued in the middle of the town into y^ Last of February next, 
and then was sent behind the pond in y* 3*^ day of March and to 
continue there fourteen nights and then y*" i6th March was re- 
turned to y® middle of y^ towne, and continued there nine weeks." 

It is interesting to find, on comparison of dates, that this 
schoolmaster was the Rev. Philemon Robbins, known for his 
spirited resistance to ecclesiastical tyranny. His memoir, 
written by his grandson. Rev. Thomas Robbins, D. D.,, is 
included in " Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit." 
The writer evidently did not know of his ancestor's residence 
at Andover. He says : " My impression is that he taught 
school for some time after his graduation." The town rec- 
ords show that he began the school the year of his gradua- 
tion, 1729. His vicissitudes of school-keeping foreshadowed 
others more disagreeable. Says the writer of the memoir, 
after recording his ordination at Branford, Conn., 7th Febru- 
ary. 1732: "Here he continued experiencing more than the 
ordinary vicissitudes of clerical life to the end of his days." 
He technically violated the law forbidding one minister to 
preach in another minister's parish without invitation and by 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 521 

mutual exchange. He was deposed, but afterward tacitly re- 
instated. 

About 1755 regular schools were established in the out- 
skirts. It was voted that these " outskirt schools may be 
within a mile and a half of the Centre School." 

Whether the Centre School, often referred to, was identical 
with the Grammar School, seems difficult to determine. So 
far as can be judged from the records it appears that the in- 
tention was to have, in the original Grammar School-houses, 
a school kept by a college graduate, where all those students 
who wished to take a classical course of study should go to 
school, that this school should be kept up throughout the 
year, and that there should be outskirt schools a part of the 
year. It would sometimes happen, doubtless, that there 
would be no students to fit for college, and no absolute ne- 
cessity for a college graduate in the Centre School. But of 
forty-five names of masters of the Grammar School, before 
1792, all but five are found on the lists of Harvard gradu- 
ates. 

In 1758 and 1759, Mr. Joshua Holt, Jr., and Mr. Theodore 
Carlton kept the school, neither being a college graduate. 
Possibly this may have had something to do with the diffi- 
culty in respect to two scholars who wished to study Latin. 

" May, 175S. It was voted to see if the Town will take under 
consideration the Afair of Two Lating Scholars sent into Town 
and Boarded by Mr. William Foster and sent to our Gramer 
School, and it Passed in the Afirmative. 

" It was voted to see if the Two Latin Scholars Taken into Town 
and Boarded by Mr. William Foster should be taught or Instructed 
by our Gramer School Master in our school houses, and it Passed 
m the negative." 

The establishment of Phillips Academy, in 1778, made a 
Grammar School in the South Parish no longer a necessity ; 
but the town in 1779 appropriated two hundred pounds for 
a Grammar School, and two hundred for reading, writing, 
and ciphering schools, as before. This burden was not, how- 
ever, cheerfully borne by all the tax-payers, and, for a time, 
the Grammar School had a precarious existence, and was only 
sustained in the North Parish. At length the North Parish 



522 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



began to agitate the question of an Academy, or, as it was 
called, " Free School," similar to the Phillips Academy ; and 
when, in 1799, ^^e Franklin Academy was built, the Classical 
Grammar School ceased to exist. 

Following is a list of such names of schoolmasters as have 
been found in the records.^ 



1704 


2 Dudley Bradstreet. 


1753- 


Benjamin Butler. 


1707 


Henry Rust. 


1755- 


Abiel Foster. 


1709 


John Barnard. 


1758. 


Joshua Holt, Jr. 


I7I2 


Obadiah Ayers. 


I759' 


Theodore Carlton. 


I7I2 


Mr. Rogers. 


1760. 


John Farnum. 


I7I4 


Joseph Dorr. 


1764. 


Edward Wigglesworth. 


I7I6 


William Cooke. 


1766. 


Israel Perley. 


I7I7 


Thomas Paine. 


1767. 


Stephen Peabody. 


I7I8 


Daniel Witham. 


1768. 


Nathaniel Lovejoy {5 years) 


1720 


James Bailey. 


1773- 


Samuel Tenney. 


1722 


Moses Hale. 


1774- 


Eliphalet Pearson. 


1723 


Andrew Peters. 


1775- 


Oliver Peabody. 


I72S 


Isaac Abbot. 


1775- 


Thomas Whiting. 


1728 


Timothy Walker. 


1776. 


John Rice. 


1729 


Philemon Robbins. 


1777. 


Abraham Cummings. 


1732 


Thomas Skinner. 


1778. 


Isaac Bridges. 


1734 


Samuel Phillips. 


1779- 


Timothy Trumbull. 


1737 


John Phillips. 


1780. 


William Symmes, Jr. 


1739 


Edward Barnard. 


1790. 


Samuel Holyoke. 


1740 


Joseph Holt (10 years). 


1791. 


Nathan Lakeman- 


1752 


Thomas Hibbard. 


1791. 


Daniel Gould. 



There were thirty-four college graduates from Andover 
before the establishment of Phillips Academy in 1778. These 
included, besides the ministers already mentioned, the fol- 
lowing : — 

Samuel Bradstreet (1653), physician in Boston. 

Isaac Abbot (1723), trader, of Andover; died 1754. 

Hon. Samuel Phillips (1734), trader, of North Andover; repre- 
sentative; councillor; founder of Phillips Academy ; died 1790. 

John Phillips, LL. D. (1735), founder of Phillips Academy, 
Exeter. 

Joseph Osgood, M. D. (1737), physician, of North Andover. 

Joseph Holt (1739), master of Grammar School ; resident of 
Wilton, N. H. 

^ These are scattered and confused, — the reckonings with the masters being 
jotted down wherever there was a blank space. The alphabets are lost, and the 
writing often is illegible. 

^ Tlie dates indicate the first record found. 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 523 

Hon. Jedediah Foster (1744). Brookfield. Counsellor at law ; 
Justice of Superior Court 1776. 

Col. Peter Frye (1744). Salem. Justice of Court of Common 
Pleas ; tory and refugee. 

Isaac Osgood (1744), trader of Haverhill. 

John Farnum (176 1), master of Grammar School ; member of 
Convention for framing State Constitution. 

Nathaniel Lovejoy (1766), trader ; Brigadier-general of militia. 

Hon. Samuel Osgood (1770), member of Provincial Congress ; 
of Continental Congress ; Postmaster-general. 

Lieut.-gov. Samuel Phillips (1771), Justice of Court of Common 
Pleas. 

The District and Graded Schools. — The schools 
which in early time bore a resemblance to the common or 
district school, were called " reading, writing, and ciphering" 
schools. These, from being but one, became numerous with 
the growth of the town, and were variously called at different 
periods, " outskirt schools," " squadron schools," as, for ex- 
ample, in the town records, " the school in Blanchard's Squad- 
ron," or " Barker's Squadron," etc. These schools were kept 
by male teachers (but not generally by college graduates), up 
to at least the present century. In the very earliest period 
of the town history there were schools kept by school-dames 
where young children were taught the rudiments of knowl- 
edge. These schools were often kept by some goodwife who 
had not a large household to look after, in a room of her own 
dwelling. Here she divided her time between teaching the 
■children and doing her household duties, like the schoolmis- 
tress of Old England, immortalized by Shenstone. 

The district school as it was, has been so often described 
as to need no description here. The location was usually in 
the exact territorial centre of the district, however unsuitable 
the spot might be. The fioor of the room sloped up to the 
back seat ; a wood fire blazed at one end of the room ; a fer- 
ule on the master's desk served the double purpose, to punish 
idlers and to rap on the window-sash to call scholars into 
the school. A pile of wood at the door was heaped up for 
the large boys to saw at odd times. 

Flagellations were a regular part of the school exercises. 



524 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

The mending of pens also was an important office of the 
master, who might often be seen with three or four quills 
stuck behind his ears, and a group of urchins, with inky- 
hands and faces, waiting around, nudging and jostling one 
another, or watching curiously while the master brought the 
blunt nib of the pens to a fine point with the sharp knife. 

The outskirt or district schools began to be kept in addi- 
tion to the Central Grammar Schools, about 1750. They 
were under the charge of masters chiefly, until near the be- 
ginning of the present century. 

Judge Phillips's influence did much to secure the perma- 
nency of these schools through the year, and the employment 
of female teachers. He gave money for the better education 
and qualification of women for teachers. 

The schools were visited by the ministers, and it was ex- 
pected that they would attend to the moral and religious in- 
struction of the children. The Rev. Dr. Justin Edwards 
introduced a system of catechising with great thoroughness 
in the doctrines of the Assembly's Catechism, which, before 
his time, was always more or less a part of the school in- 
struction. 

The pupils of the district schools were at first of all ages, 
from the child of four years to the young man arrived at his 
majority. The increase of population led to the grading of 
the schools in the villages into primary, intermediate, and 
grammar grades preparatory to the High School. 

In 1879 ^^^ town of Andover had one grammar school 
and twelve district schools, four of which were graded, mak- 
ing twenty-one schools. Connected with these were thirty 
teachers. In 1879 the town of North Andover had six dis- 
trict schools, two of which were graded, making in all thir- 
teen schools, including the grammar schools. In these were 
fourteen teachers. 

During the past year some changes have been made in the 
graded schools, and the system revised. 

The oldest living master of a district school in the towns 
of Andover and North Andover is supposed to be Mr. Farn- 
ham Spofford,^ now eighty-two years old. He was educated 

1 Deceased October 17, 1879, i'^ Washington, D. C. His body is buried in the 
North Andover Cemetery. 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 525 

at Franklin Academy. From 1818 to 1827 he taught in 
the district schools of the town of Andover (North and South). 
In 1827 he removed to Nantucket, and there, till 1841, was 
principal of the South Grammar School. In 1841 he re- 
turned to North Andover, and resided here with his family, 
teaching occasionally in the winter schools until 1850. 

A relic of the pedagogical labors of one ancient district 
schoolmaster is at hand, — a speech prepared by him " to the 
Honorable Inspectors of the School." It is inscribed " School 
Finishing at Pilfershire." ^ The writer was Master John In- 
galls, probably about 1790- 1800. 

The diary of Ruby Foster,^ published by her pastor. Rev. 
Dr. Eaton, of Boxford, gives the first record of the life of any 
woman teacher of the district schools. She writes (18 10) : — 

" I have left our dear habitation and begun keeping school. 
Many were the tender emotions excited in my breast, and an un- 
dertaking so important and so new to me could not fail of en- 
gaging my solicitude and anxiety. God bless me in my School. 
Give my scholars hearts to obey and improve, and myself re- 
doubled activity, strength, and wisdom." 

The district schools of the South Parish have for nearly 
eighty years received a small sum annually from the Free 
School Fund, created by the sale of the proprietors' lands in 
1801. 

Writing Schools, kept in the evening, were a part of the 
old-fashioned educational privileges. Each pupil provided 
his lamp or candle (set sometimes in a turnip hollowed out 
for a candlestick), and prepared himself with quills and writ- 
ing-paper. The master set the copies, or brought them on 
slips of paper. To make flourishes with the pen was ac- 
counted a triumph of chirographical skill. The succession 
of writing-masters is lost in oblivion. 

Singing Schools were more regularly kept, as a preparation 
for divine worship. In 1771, Mr. Nathan Barker and Mr. 
John Pearson were famous singers of the North Parish. In 
the South Parish Mr. Eliphalet Pearson, Principal of Phillips 

1 " Pilfershire," a name applied to a part of North Andover. 

2 Miscellaneous Writings of Ruby Foster, who died in Andover, Mass., Aug. 
^th, 18 1 2, in the 21st year of her age, etc. 



526 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Academy, kept a singing school. Otlier singing-masters it is 
unnecessary to record here. 

The singing school was often kept in the school-house, or 
in the meeting-house, although the latter place was not read- 
ily granted : — 

'■'■South Parish^ 1782. Put to vote to see if the Parish will as- 
sign the three hindmost of the Body Seats in the Meeting-house 
for the Singing School to set in, and it Past in the Negative." 

" 1788. Being put to vote to see if the Parish will appropriate 
any seats in the meeting-house for the accommodation of those 
who have taken pains to improve themselves in the art of Singing, 
and it passed in the Negative." 

In 1809 a Musical Society was flourishing in the parish, 
and asked pecuniary aid, which was rendered by the parish 
on certain conditions, in order, as they say in their report, to 
encourage that " deliteful and important part of public wor- 
ship." 

There are few persons who have reached middle life and 
lived in a rural district who do not remember the old-fash- 
ioned singing-school in winter, the merry sleigh-loads jin- 
gling up to the meeting-house, the frolicsome unpacking from 
the capacious pung, or the family sleigh, the groping up-stairs 
in the dim light to the singing-seats, the scampering and fun 
of the younger folks at recess, behind the high-backed pews, 
the awed look now and then down into the dark shadows of 
the pews below stairs, and at the great pulpit shrouded in 
ghostly white canopy ; the scraping of the master's violin 
and the call to order, the tuning of bass-viol by some stal- 
wart rustic musician, the pitching the tune and the starting 
off on the notes do-re-mi, then a stamp of the master's foot, 
another start off, and so on, winding up with " Coronation " 
and " Old Hundred." 

The Dancing school was, though in some neighborhoods 
under protest, a not unknown institution. Spangled slippers 
and high-backed combs are still shown, that figured at dan- 
cing schools fifty years ago, and traditions are told of mis- 
chief-loving boys, who vexed their elder brothers and sisters 
in the hall of the country inn by shooting off peas from pop- 
guns, across the floor on which the dancers were practising 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 527 

minuets and cotillons. Some colored fiddler usually made 
music for the dancers. Cato, of North Andover, was famous. 
The oldest relic found of any dancing " School " is a card 
of Mr. Ansart's School Ball, at Isaac Parker's Hall, April 11, 
1808. " Dancing to commence precisely at four o'clock, p. m." 

Pimchard Free {High) School, Andover} 

On the 4th of April, 1850, Mr. Benjamin Hanover Punch- 
ard, of Andover, dying, left a bequest of fifty thousand dol- 
lars, with a reversion (to be paid on the death of his widow) 
of twenty thousand dollars, for the purpose of founding a 
free School. 

This munificent donor to his adopted town was a native 
of Salem, to which town his ancestors came, as early as 1680, 
from the island of Jersey. Until about his tenth year, when 
his father died, he was sent to public and private schools kept 
by eminent teachers, where he laid the foundation of a good 
education. But being compelled to labor for his own sup- 
port he was unable to continue study in school, and sought 
employment, first as a copyist and afterward as a clerk in a 
West India store, in Boston. By unremitting diligence and 
conscientious fidelity he gained the confidence of his employ- 
ers, and at twenty became a partner in the firm. But his 
hard labors during the period of youth broke down his con- 
stitution, and, shattered in health at twenty-eight, he gave up 
business and removed to Andover, with the view of recruit- 
ing his exhausted energies. He had at this time already ac- 
quired a considerable fortune. In 1828 he became a stock- 
holder in the Andover bank, and in 1829, in partnership with 
his brother-in-law, Mr. John Derby, opened a store in An- 
dover. In 1834 he entered into the Marland Manufacturing 
Company with Mr. Abraham Marland, whose daughter he 
had married. 

His infirm health compelled him to seek frequent change 
of scene and climate, and he travelled extensively in the 
Southern States and in the British Isles. The great and 
time-honored seats of learning, the universities and schools 

1 Some other temporary " high schools" have been kept, but without a special 
school building, and only of brief duration. 



528 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of England, particularly impressed his mind and appealed to 
his imagination and sympathies, and, doubtless, from these 
he was led to the thought of founding a school in Andover. 

He provided that the school should be under the direction 
of eight trustees, of whom the rector of Christ Church should 
be one, also the ministers of the South and West Parish Con- 
gregational Societies should be members, the other five to be 
chosen by the inhabitants of Andover in town meeting. The 
school was to be free, and no sectarian influence to be used, 
the Bible to be in daily use and the Lord's Prayer, in which 
the pupils are to join audibly with the teacher in the morn- 
ing at the opening. 

The town ^ chose a committee, of which N. W. Hazen, 
Esq., was chairman, to draft resolutions expressive of appre- 
ciative acceptance of this donation. Among these resolutions 
was the following : — 

" That we will cherish the memory of his many virtues ; that we 
recognize the obligations conferred upon us by his enterprise and 
success in adding to the wealth and increasing the prosperity of 
the town ; and that we recommend to the trustees under his will, 
to whom he has so largely confided the superstructure of the 
school, to adopt the most effectual means to associate his name 
and memory with the institution which he has founded and so mu- 
nificently endowed." 

A school building was erected of brick, with stone base- 
ment, with trimmings of freestone. It was seventy-five feet 
long, forty-five wide, two stories high. It was dedicated Sep- 
tember 2, 1856. This building was destroyed by fire Decem- 
ber 15, 1868. Another school-house of somewhat similar 
construction was erected at the expense of the town, to serve 
for a High School, Andover being relieved by act of the 
Legislature from the support of any other High School. 

The first principal elect of the Punchard Free School was 
Peter Smith Byers, a. m., of Andover. He never filled the 
chair of instruction, being in infirm health at the time of his 
election, March 13, 1854. He resigned the position April 7, 
1855, and died March 19, 1856. 

The first principal of the Punchard School was a gentle- 
man of rare scholarship, and surpassing excellence and beauty 

^ Biographical Memoir of Mr, Punchard, 




MEMORIAL HALL. 
rhi; AKtiover Public L tbrary .\ 




PUNCHARD FREE SCHOOL. 
[ The Pre sent Biiiliiiiig:] 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. $^9 

of character. The memory of such a man is a legacy to any 
institution with which his name stands associated. 

Peter Smith Byers was born in Brechin, Scotland, Septem- 
ber 12, 1827. He was the eldest son of James Byers and 
Mary Smith Byers (a sister of Messrs. James, John, and 
Peter Smith, of Brechin and Andover). In his ninth year 
he came with his parents to Andover. At sixteen he was 
confirmed in Christ Church, and began to study with a view 
of entering the ministry. He was fitted for college at Phil- 
lips Academy, and graduated at Harvard, 185 1, the third in 
rank in a class of sixty-three members. He was for two 
years instructor in Latin and Greek in Phillips Academy, 
and in 1853 elected Principal of Abbot Academy, whence 
he was called to the principalship of the Providence High 
School. Soon after, the trustees of the Punchard School 
elected him to the office of Principal, and, that his failing 
health might be restored by rest from care and labor, offered 
him a salary without service, while the school building should 
be erecting. 

The death of Mr. Byers was a loss deeply felt in the com- 
munity, especially in the educational circles of Andover. 
His gentleness and his goodness had endeared him to all 
who knew him, and his scholarship and dignity of character 
commanded respect. The memorial discourse of his rector 
at his funeral was published by his college classmates, one of 
whom writes in regard to him : " In his threefold character 
as a scholar, a gentleman, and a Christian he had the entire 
respect and confidence of all our class. If I were to single 
out any one who had a more uniform and high respect from 
all, and who had a higher influence than any other upon the 
class, I should certainly single him. Until the grave shall 
have closed over the last of his friends and classmates, the 
direct influence of his Christian example will live upon earth." 

The second Principal was Nathan M. Belden, A. M., of 
Wilton, Conn., graduate of Trinity College, elected January 
I, 1856 ; resigned February 27, 1857. 

The third Principal was Rev. Charles H. Seymour, of 
34 



530 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AN DOVER. 

Haverhill, elected February 2^, 1857; resigned October, 
1858. 

The fourth Principal was Mr. William G. Goldsmith, of An- 
dover, graduate of Harvard College, elected November, 1858 ; 
resigned April, 1870 ; reelected 1871 ; now in office.^ 

Johnson High School, North Andover. 

By the joint donation of Col. Theron Johnson, $10,000, 
and the Hon. Moses T. Stevens, $5,000, with addition of 
other money from the town, and the gift of the tower clock 
by Gen. Eben Sutton, North Andover was provided with a 
handsome brick building for a High School and Town Hall 
(Johnson High School and Stevens Hall). 

The building was dedicated May 21, 1867. An address 
was made by the Hon. George B. Loring. The names of 
the principals, with the time when they began to teach, are as 
follows : — 

Samuel C. Smith, Rutland, Mass., graduate of Amherst Col- 
lege, 1867. 

Lemuel S. Hastings, St. Johnsbury, Vt., Dartmouth College, 
1870, 

Percival G. Parris, Paris, Me., Union College, 1872. 

Annie Howe, Marlborough, Mass., VVellesley College, 1875. 

George N. Cross, Methuen, Mass., Amherst College, 1876. 

Ptiblic Libraries. 

The Public or Town Library is now recognized as an ad- 
junct and supplement to the school system, at least in theory, 
the object of the towns in appropriating money for the sup- 
port of a free library being the enlightenment of the people. 

The forerunner of the public library was called the " Social 
Library." In enumerating the social libraries of America, the 
report of the National Bureau of Education, 1875, says, " The 
chief means of literary culture open to Americans a hundred 
years ago were (in Massachusetts) at Salem a social library, 
one at Leominster, one at Hingham." To this should be 

1 During the interim Mr. Goldsmith was instructor in Phillips Academy, the 
town of Andover meanwhile supporting a High School temporarily until the 
completion of the Punchard School Building. 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 53 1 

added "one at North Andover," for in 1770 a social library 
was in existence here which continued to distribute books 
and receive new shareholders for at least seventy years. The 
books were finally sold at auction, and almost every old fam- 
ily now has books with the label " Andover Social Library." 
Three catalogues of this library are in existence, one a man- 
uscript, date 1770, one printed 1823, one 1837. 

One of the rules and regulations of the Catalogue of 1770 
is that, " For the futer no person shall be admitted a member 
whose place of residence from the north Meeting-House in 
Andover exceeds ten miles. Each member shall pay not less 
than four dollars in cash." 

The reason for naming this among the public libraries is 
that practically it was so. The subscribers gave as a motive 
for founding it that they were " sensible of the Public advan- 
tage of a well-chosen library." The members were allowed 
to " make over " their interest for any length of time to any 
person approved by the library committee, and thus the read- 
ing public could be supplied with books. The books in 
this library were chiefly " divinity, phylosophy, physick, his- 
tory, and poetry." Under " miscellaneous " were two or three 
works of fiction. 

This library was kept in the store of Mr. Phillips. After 
his death, the books were given out by Miss Abbot, the 
housekeeper and gardener. The library was kept also at the 
store of Nathan H. Frost ; Capt. Phineas Stevens also had 
charge of it. 

Other local library associations have had existence, one in 
the Frye village, under the patronage of Messrs. Smith, Dove 
& Co. A social book-club — private — has been in existence 
at North Andover for about thirty years. 

The first public or free town library, "Memorial Hall," 
Andover, owes its existence to the thoughtfulness and mu- 
nificence of Messrs. John and Peter Smith and Mr. John 
Dove, supplemented by the contributions of other citizens 
of Andover. In 1870, Mr. John Smith, visiting the pub- 
lic library in Dresden, was impressed with the value of such 
an institution as a means of education for the people, and 
he conceived the plan of founding a library in the town 



532 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of Andover, which should be at the same time (as he ex- 
pressed the thought in a letter on the subject), " a Memorial 
Hall, to commemorate and keep in remembrance the names 
of those who gave their lives in defending our national flag 
and saving my adopted country to God and liberty." This 
letter, addressed to his son, Mr. Joseph W. Smith, authorized 
him to pledge to the town the sum of twenty-five thousand 
dollars, on condition that an equal sum should be subscribed 
by others, for the erection of a building and providing for a 
library. To this pledge Mr. Peter Smith and Mr, John Dove 
added twelve thousand dollars ; Mr, John Byers made a dona- 
tion of three thousand dollars as a memorial of his brother, 
Peter Smith Byers, first principal of the Punchard School ; Mr. 
Joseph W. Smith added one thousand dollars ; the town voted 
an appropriation of $4,500, formerly made for a soldiers' mon- 
ument ; Mr. John Smith added five thousand more, and again 
three thousand ; and individual contributions varying from 
hundreds of dollars, subscribed by prominent citizens, to the 
child's gift of a few cents, swelled the sum devoted to patriot- 
ism and free education till it reached a total of $62,949.70. 

The Memorial Hall was built by Messrs. Abbot and Jen- 
kins, and cost, including the grading and ornamenting the 
grounds, about $40,000. The building was dedicated, with 
appropriate exercises, on Memorial Day, May 30, 1873. The 
Memorial Room has marble tablets, in memory of fifty-two 
soldiers of Andover. The library contains about seven thou- 
sand volumes. The librarian is Mr. Ballard Holt. 

A public library was established at North Andover in 
1875 by a donation of Gen. Eben Sutton. It has received 
aid from Messrs. Davis and Stone, and Hon. Willard P. Phil- 
lips, and also is supported in part by the town. It contains 
about four thousand volumes. The librarian is Mr. Alfred 
L. Smith. It is kept at the manufacturing village, Merrimack 
District, 

A library for the free use of the residents of Ballardvale 
was opened 1878, the proprietor of the mill, Mr. J. Putnam 
Bradlee, furnishing about one thousand books (of which he is 
the owner) for circulation. The favor was appreciated by the 
public, and the books are well read and carefully used. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

ACADEMIES. 

Phillips Academy. 

Phillips Academy (or Free School, as it was first called) 
owes its foundation to the plans and suggestions of Samuel 
Phillips, Jr., Esq., Judge Phillips, or Lieutenant-governor Phil- 
lips, as he is variously styled. He was fitted for college at 
Dummer Academy, graduated at Harvard College, 1771, and 
in 1775 set in operation plans for the establishment of the 
Academy. He enlisted the interest of his father and his 
uncles, and induced them to make the donations which were 
the foundation of the Academy. The names of the Phillips 
family who in the early years of the Academy were its chief 
founders and upholders, are Hon. Samuel Phillips, North 
Andover ; Hon. John Phillips, Exeter ; Hon. William Phil- 
lips, Boston ; Lieutenant-governor Samuel Phillips, son of 
Hon. Samuel Phillips ; Lieutenant-governor,William Phillips, 
son of Hon. William Phillips. 

The constitution and deeds of trust were signed April 21, 
1778. 

The preamble declares the end of the school to be " the 
instructing youth not only in English and Latin grammar, 
writing, arithmetic, and those sciences wherein they are com- 
monly taught, but more especially to learn them the great 
end and real business of living." 

The constitution provides that " no person shall be 
chosen as a principal instructor unless a professor of the 
Christian religion, of exemplary manners, of good natural 
abilities and literary acquirements, of a good acquaintance 
with human nature, of a natural aptitude for instruction and 
government." 



534 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

It was also declared to be " the duty of the master, as the 
age and capacities of the scholars will admit, not only to in- 
struct and establish them in the truth of Christianity, but 
also early and diligently to inculcate upon them the great 
and important Scripture doctrines of the existence of one 
true God, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, of the fall of 
man, the depravity of human nature, the necessity of an 
atonement and of our being renewed in the spirit of our 
minds, the doctrine of repentance toward God and of faith 
toward our Lord Jesus Christ, of sanctification by the Holy 
Spirit and of justification by the free grace of God, through 
the redemption that is in Jesus Christ, in opposition to the 
erroneous and dangerous doctrine of justification by our own 
merit or a dependence on self-righteousness, together with 
the other important doctrines of our holy Christian religion." 

The twelve original trustees were : Samuel Phillips, John 
Phillips, William Phillips, Oliver Wendell, John Lowell, Josiah 
Stearns, William Symmes, Elias Smith, Jonathan French, 
Samuel Phillips, Jr., Eliphalet Pearson, Nehemiah Abbot. 

The original plan was to locate the school in the North 
Parish, on the land formerly the Old Training Field on the 
hill east of Deacon Phillips's house, but the owner was 
unwilling to sell the land. Therefore, lands (principally an 
estate of Solomon Wardwell and an estate of George Abbot) 
were bought on the hill in the South Parish, and, soon after. 
Judge Phillips removed his residence to that part of the town.^ 

1 Judge Phillips occupied for a few years the old dwelling-house on the Abbot 
estate. This has been called the " birth-place of the Academy ; " for here the 
first meetings of the trustees were held. It was also the residence of the first 
three preceptors of the Academy. In later times Dr. Leonard Woods lived 
here, and delivered his first course of lectures in theology in the west room, 
which is now used as a dining-room by the Academy Club. An attic window, 
which commands a pleasant sunset view, is shown as the spot where, during 
the dark hours of the Revolution, Madam Phillips, in her husband's absence 
from home, used to seek refuge from care and communion with Heaven. 

Judge Phillips, in order to give a convenient dwelling-house to the preceptors 
of the Academy, removed from this house to another temporary abode (the red 
house on the Woburn road, near Main Street), and finally, in the winter of 17S2, 
he occupied his permanent home, the mansion-house. 

This was the largest and most elegant house which had ever been built in the 
town. Its raising was an occasion of universal interest. The whole town were 
gathered together on the hill, watching with mingled an.\iety and delight as sec- 




PHILLIPS ACADEMY. 
[The ■' Classic Hii//:'] 




PHILLIPS ACADEMY. 
I [ Tke iVew Buildhig;.\ 



V 



ACADEMIES. 535 

The First Academy was fitted up from a joiner's shop on 
the estate of Solomon Wardwell. This was removed to the 
north corner of the present Main and Phillips Streets. It 
was thirty-five by twenty feet, and had seats for about forty 
students. 

In 1785, a new academy was built west of the present site 
of Brechin Hall. This was destroyed by fire in January, 
1818. 

The third academy was built 18 18, south of the Seminary 
Buildings, the present gymnasium. Its school-room Dr. 
Holmes describes : — 

" The morning came ; I reached the classic hall ; 
A clock-face eyed me, staring from the wall ; 
Beneath its hands a printed line I read : 
Youth is life's seed-time ; so the clock-face said : 
Some took its counsel, as the sequel showed, — 
Sowed — their wild oats, and reaped as they had sowed. 

How all comes back ! the upward slanting floor, — 
The masters' thrones that flank the central door, — 
The long, outstretching alleys that divide 
The rows of desks that stand on either side, — 
The staring boys, a face to every desk, 
Bright, dull, pale, blooming, common, picturesque." 

The Divinity College, or Theological Seminary, was added 
to the Academy 1808, and later a Teachers' Seminary, or 
Normal School, subsequently changed to the English De- 
partment. This occupied the Stone Academy, afterward 
used as a general school building, on the east side of Main 
Street nearly opposite the present Phillips Academy. It 
was destroyed by fire December 21,1 864. The present Acad- 
demy was erected in 1865, 

tion after section of the heavy frame was raised. The Rev. Mr. French made a 
fervent prayer for its successful accomplishment, and, when all was finished 
without accident, thanks and festivity followed. 

Judge Phillips kept open house, and entertained guests of high and of low 
degree with dignified courtesy and generous hospitality. Many were the illus- 
trious visitors at the mansion-house. Here, in the southeast parlor, General 
Washington was received by Madam Phillips and her friends, during his Presi- 
dential tour. The chair in which he sat was adorned by Madam Phillips with a 
ribbon; this, on the day when she heard the news of his death, she took off and 
put in its stead a mourning badge of crape. 

After the death of Judge Phillips his mansion-house was purchased by the 
trustees, and Madam Phillips removed her residence to the house of Samuel 
Farrar, Esq. ' 



536 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

The Academy was incorporated October 4, 1780, under 
the name of Phillips Academy, being the first incorporated 
Academy in the State. 

The donations of the Phillips family to the Academy before 
1830, besides the original donation of lands by the founders, 
amounted to over seventy-five thousand dollars. Gifts to the 
Academy from other sources have been considerable. Sam- 
uel Farrar, Esq., the Treasurer of the Board of Trustees, gave 
his salary for many years, which, with the income added to 
it by investment, made a total of about fifteen thousand dol- 
lars. He also gave his law library, and made a testament- 
ary bequest of his whole estate, some ten thousand dollars. 
Three of the present chairs of the Faculty are endowed : — 

The Principal's, on the Peter Smith Byers foundation, 
about forty thousand dollars, — a memorial gift, 1878, twenty 
thousand dollars contributed by Mr. Peter Smith, ten thou- 
sand dollars by Mr. John Smith, ten thousand dollars by Mr. 
John Byers. 

The chair of Natural Sciences is on the George Peabody ^ 
Foundation, — a donation of twenty-five thousand dollars 
from the noted banker. 

The chair of Latin is on the John C. Phillips^ Foundation, 
— a gift of twenty-five thousand dollars by the gentleman 
whose name it bears. 

The school was opened for instruction April 30, 1778. 
The influence of Judge Phillips brought students from all 
parts of the country. The two nephews of General Wash- 
ington, and the sons of Richard Henry Lee, were among the 
members of the school. 

The Hon. Josiah Ouincy, a boy of six years, was taken 
from his mother's tender care and sent to the new boarding- 
school, where he had a hard time, and would have suffered 
even more if good Parson French had not been a father to 
him. He says his mother yielded to what she believed to be 
" duty " to send her son to school. In regard to his sorrows 
and troubles he writes : — 

1 Mr. Peabody's father was born in North Andover. 

2 A nephew of Mr. Wendell Phillips, and a descendant from Mr. John Phil- 
lips, of Boston, brother of Rev. Samuel Phillips, of Andover. 



ACADEMIES. 537 

" Child as I was my mind was abroad with my bats and my 
marbles. It delighted in the play of the imagination. The ab- 
stract and the abstruse were my utter detestation. The conse- 
quences were that I 'often came home to Mr. French in tears, hav- 
ing been either censured or punished. I found in his bosom a 
neverfailing place of rest for my sorrow and suffering." 

The Principals of the Academy for a hundred years ^ have 
been : — 

1778-1786 . . . Eliphalet Pearson, LL. D. 
1 786-1 793 . . Ebenezer Pemberton, LL. D. 

1 795-1809 . . . Mark Newman, A. M. 
18 10-1833 • • John Adams, LL. D. 

1833-1837 . . . Osgood Johnson, A. M. 
1837-187 1 . . Samuel H. Taylor, LL. D. 

1871-1873 . . . Frederic W. Tilton, A. M. 
1873 • • Cecil F. P. Bancroft, Ph. D. 

Eliphalet Pearson (i 778-1 786) was born in Byfield, New- 
bury, 1752. son of a farmer, Daniel Pearson; graduated at 
Harvard College 1773, and in 1774 taught the Andover Gram- 
mar School. He had an original and inventive genius, be- 
sides being a classical scholar, and was a teacher of singing, 
a helper in the manufacture of gunpowder, a practical land- 
scape gardener, laying out the college grounds. In 1786 he 
was elected Professor of Hebrew in Harvard College. In 
1806 he resigned the office, and returning to Andover was 
active in founding the Theological Seminary, of which he was 
elected Associate Professor of Sacred Literature. He re- 
signed office after a year, and, in 1820, removed to Harvard, 
Mass., and engaged in agriculture. He died at Greenland, N. 
H., September 12, 1826, aged 74 years. He married Priscilla 
Holyoke, daughter of President Holyoke, of Harvard College. 
Their daughter, Mary Pearson, was married to the Rev. 
Ephraim Abbot, of Greenland, N. H. Dr. Pearson married 
again, 1785, Sarah Bromfield, daughter of Edward Bromfield, 
Esq. Their son, Henry Bromfield Pearson, graduated at 
Harvard College, 1816 ; was an attorney at law in Philadel- 

1 The Academy celebrated its centennial, which was a memorable occasion, 
June 5 and 6, 1878. Many liberal gifts were then made for the school's re- 
endowment. 



538 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

phia. Edward Pearson was a resident of Harvard, Mass. 
Margaret Pearson was married to the Rev. I. H. T. Blanch- 
ard, pastor of the Unitarian Church, Harvard. 

Ebenezer Pemberton, LL. D. (i 786-1 793), was born in 
Boston, 1747. He was grandson of Mr. Ebenezer Pember- 
ton, minister of the Old South Church, and brought up by his 
uncle, the Rev. Dr. Ebenezer Pemberton. He was a grad- 
uate of Princeton College, 1765 ; studied theology, also law ; 
was principal of Plainfield Academy, Conn., before he came to 
Andover. He was beloved by the students of the Academy, 
and governed it with ease. After resigning his position, he 
removed to Billerica, where he had a school ; also, he taught 
in Boston. He acquired no property, and was in his old age 
paid an annuity by his former pupils as a testimony of their 
gratitude. He died 1835, June 25, aged eighty-nine. He 
married Miss Elizabeth Whitewell, of Salem, and had a son 
and two daughters.^ 

Mark Newman, M. A. (1795-1809), was born at Ipswich, 
September 7, 1772, fitted for college at Phillips Academy, 
Exeter. He was an inmate of the family of Dr. John Phil- 
lips who, from interest in his talents and character, gave him 
the privilege of the Academy, he being unable to pay the 
tuition fees. He graduated at Dartmouth College 1793, and 
became Assistant Principal of Phillips Academy 1794, and 
Principal in 1795. He was eminently respected in the fifteen 
years of his office as Preceptor, and the forty years in which 
he was connected with the Board of Trustees. He was 
licensed to preach, and supplied the church in West Newbury ; 
was a prominent member of the South Church for fifty-seven 
years, and deacon from 181 1 to 1845. After resigning his 
ofifice in the Academy, he was for many years a bookseller 
and publisher of religious books. He died"-^ June 15, 1859, 
aged almost eighty- seven years. 

Mr. Newman married, 1795, Miss Sally Phillips. She died 
181 1. Their children were : Prof. Samuel P. Newman ; Mr. 
Mark H. Newman, of Andover ; Rev. William John New- 

1 So far as I have been able to learn, the family name is extinct. 
- At his death a memorial sermon was preached by his pastor, the Rev. Mr. 
Mooar, with the title The Enduring and Varying Beauty of a Good Man's Life. 



ACADEMIES. 539 

man ; Margaret Newman ; Sarah Phillips Newman ; Han- 
nah H. Newman, married to Rev. S. A. Fay. 

Mr. Newman married a second wife, — Mrs. Abigail Dodge, 
of Salem. Their daughter, Anna Dodge Newman, died at 
the age of twenty-two. 

John Adams, LL. D. (1810-1833), was born at Canter- 
bury, Conn., September 18, 1772, graduated at Yale College, 
1795. He was a teacher in Plainfield and Colchester previous 
to his connection with Phillips Academy. He was an able 
and efficient instructor and principal, — after the fashion of 
the time severe, yet kindly, and a friend to all good students. 

" Supreme he sits, — before the awful frown 
That bends his brows, the boldest eye goes down." 

The later years of Dr. Adams's life were spent in Illinois 
in labor for Sunday-schools, in which he was eminently 
useful. 

Dr. Adams married, 1798, Miss Elizabeth Ripley, of Col- 
chester, Conn. They had eleven children, two of whom died 
in infancy. In 1829, Mrs. Adams died. In 1831, Dr. Adams 
married Miss Mabel Burrit, of Troy, N. Y. 

Of the sons the eldest was the late Rev. William Adams, 
D. D., LL. D., of New York. 

Mr. Ripley Adams, a graduate of Yale College, and Prin- 
cipal of Academies in Georgia and South Carolina, died 1870. 
Rev. John R. Adams, D. D., died 1866, and was buried in 
the Chapel Cemetery, at Andover. 

Of Dr. Adams's daughters, four were married to ministers, 
— Mary ^ to Rev. Daniel Hemenway ; Elizabeth R. to Rev. 
George Cowles (both drowned in the wreck of The Home, 
1837) ; Harriet H.^ to Rev. John Q. A. Edgell ; Abby A. to 
Rev. Albert M. Egerton, also to Richard McAllister, of Mil- 
ledgeville, Ga. ; Emily J. to Mr. J. H. Bancroft, of Jackson- 
ville, 111. ; Phebe P.^ to Mr. William H. Campbell. 

Osgood Johnson, M. A. (i 833-1 837), son of Mr. Osgood 
Johnson, was born at Andover September 9, 1 803 ; gradu- 
ated at Dartmouth College 1828 ; was teacher in Phillips 
Academy from 1828 until he became Principal. He was uni- 

1 Deceased. 



540 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

versally beloved and respected ; a man of rare qualities. He 
died at the age of thirty-four, deeply lamented. 

" A loving soul to every task he brought, 
That sweetly mingled with the lore he taught." ^ 

Mr. Johnson married Miss Lucretia Bly, of Hanover, N. H. 
Their children were : Mr. Osgood Johnson, who studied for 
the ministry, became Principal of the Cambridge High School, 
and died 1837, at the age of twenty-five ; Lieutenant A. O. 
Johnson, who was mortally wounded at the battle of Mission- 
ary Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863, and died at the age 
of twenty-seven ; Lucretia O. Johnson, married to Rev. 
William B. Wright ; Frances Johnson, who died at the age 
of fifteen. 

Samuel H. Taylor, LL. D, (i 837-1 871), was born in 
Londonderry, N. H., October 3, 1807, graduated at Dart- 
mouth College 1832. He did not enter college till he was 
eighteen, having been then for some years in active labor 
and supervision of a farm. He studied for a time in Andover 
Theological Seminary, and was meanwhile tutor in Dartmouth 
College. Continuing his studies in theology, he graduated 
from the Seminary 1837, when he accepted the Principalship 
of Phillips Academy, which he held till his death. As an 
instructor of youth, Dr. Taylor was second in reputation to 
none. His methods of teaching and government, although 
such as would, perhaps, not now be satisfactory, kept the 
standard of Phillips Academy so high that few schools equalled, 
and scarcely one surpassed it. He was not only a disciplina- 
rian and teacher but a scholar, the author and editor of some 
of the most valuable classical text-books, and a gentleman of 
dignified, almost courtly manners. He was an indefatigable 
worker, and died at his post. On Sunday, January 29, 1871, 
although suffering from indisposition, he walked through a 
severe snow-storm to the Academy to meet his Bible-class. 
As he entered the vestibule, surrounded by the students, he 
fell in a sudden fit of fainting, or exhaustion, and, in ten min- 
utes after, he was dead. 

The funeral services were held in the Academy Hall, Feb- 

1 The School-Boy, by Dr. O. W. Holmes. 



ACADEMIES. 54 1 

ruary 2, 1871. From a "Memorial," by Professor Park, is 
quoted the following extract, in regard to Dr. Taylor's rigid 
exaction of obedience : " He had a stern conscience, a keen 
sense of duty, a deep regard for obligation. He deemed it 
his duty to insist on strict regularity in his school. The 
future usefulness of his pupils required it. He believed that 
one of the dangers to which this democratic land lies exposed 
is a disrespect of law ; he, therefore, believed that he was 
performing an act of kindness to his pupils when he accus- 
tomed them to obey." 

Dr. Taylor married a daughter of Rev. Dr. Parker, of Lon- 
donderry, N. H. Her death, which occurred some years after 
that of Dr. Taylor, was like his, on the Sabbath, and almost 
instantaneous. 

Two of Dr. Taylor's sons are teachers : Mr. George H. 
Taylor, formerly Instructor in Phillips Academy, now Prin- 
cipal of Kinderhook Academy, N. Y. ; Mr. Arthur F. Taylor, 
Assistant Instructor in Physics in the University of Penn- 
sylvania. The eldest son, Mr. James Taylor, is connected 
with the Fairbanks Scale Works, St. Johnsbury, Vt. 

Frederick W. Tilton A. M. (i 871-1873), graduate of 
Harvard College, 1862, Superintendent of Schools, Newport, 
R. I., is now Principal of the Rogers High School, Newport. 

Cecil F. P. Bancroft, Ph. D. (1873- )• graduate of 
Dartmouth College, i860. Principal of Appleton Academy, 
Mount Vernon, N. H. (i 860-1 864), graduate of Andover 
Theological Seminary, 1867, Principal Lookout Mountain 
Educational Institutions, Tenn., 1 867-1 872, is the present 
Principal of Phillips Academy, 1880. 

Among the instructors in the English Department, some of 
whom were widely known, was Mr. James Eaton, author of 
the series of arithmetics which bears his name. He was 
eighteen years a teacher in the Academy, and died in the 
service, 1865. His son, Mr. William W. Eaton, is an In- 
structor in the Theological Seminary. 

Mr. William H. Wells, author of a text-book on English 
Grammar, which was long used in our schools, preceded Mr. 
Eaton in office. He was afterward Principal of the Putnam 



542 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Free School at Newburyport. He now lives in Chicago, 
where he was for many years President of the Board of Ed- 
ucation. 

The private boarding-school of Master William Foster was 
opened some years after Phillips Academy, and was chiefly 
intended for boys who did not wish to take a classical course, 
Mr. Foster lived on his father's estate, the home of his boy- 
hood. He made additions to the house to adapt it to the 
wants of his large household, which numbered sometimes 
more than twenty-five. The ancient house, as he remodelled 
it, still stands, — a long, rambling building, nestled under the 
hill, a little off Central Street, a half-mile west from the South 
Church. Near the street was a school-house, now removed. 

The old family manse has names of boys carved on its 
walls, and many nicks of their penknives in its wainscotings. 
A large part of the furniture and books of Master Foster are 
stored in the garret, queer chests of drawers, strong desks, 
and toilet sets at which, no doubt, reluctant lads made them- 
selves presentable at early morning hours. Some aged per- 
sons now remember having seen the boys at table, seated on 
long benches, and each with a bowl of milk or chocolate, 
and the fresh loaf, baked on the great brick oven's bottom, 
nicely swept clean of the live coals. The boys had ovens 
in the sand-hill near the house, where at night, when they 
were supposed to be safe in bed, they roasted unlucky chick- 
ens, which disappeared mysteriously from the roost. 

Mr. P'oster's mother presided over the household, — a gen- 
tle, placid lady of the old school, a sister of Samuel Abbot, 
Esq., the founder of the Theological Seminary. She died 
in 1820, aged eighty-seven. The school was continued till 
within a few years of her death. 

Mr. Foster married, late in life, Miss Sally Kimball, of 
Plaistow, N. H. He had one son, the late Mr. William Phil- 
lips Foster. 

Franklin Academy — Male Department. 

The establishment of Phillips Academy in the South Par- 
ish, diminished the interest of a part of the town in the sup- 



ACADEMIES. 543 

port of a classical grammar school, and reduced the advan- 
tages of the residents of the North Parish who were remote 
from the new academy. This parish, therefore, soon began 
to contemplate establishing a free school, or academy. In 
1787, the subject came up for discussion, and Mr. Frederick 
Frye offered to give a piece of land for the site. But the 
location was not acceptable. In 1799, Mr. Jonathan Stevens 
gave land on the hill north of the meeting-house. Subscrip- 
tions were made by some of the principal citizens. The 
academy also received a fund of a little more than eight hun- 
dred and seventy-five dollars from the division of the pro- 
prietors' money. The academy was built in 1799. It had 
been provided that the school should be for both sexes, and 
it was the first incorporated academy in the State where girls 
were admitted. The academy was built with two rooms of 
equal size, — the north room for the male department, the 
south room for the female department. A preceptor and 
preceptress had charge respectively of the two departments. 
The school was incorporated in 1801 as the North Parish 
Free School, and in 1803, by act of the General Court, 
the name was changed to Franklin Academy. This- school, 
though now discontinued, had a flourishing life of more than 
fifty years, and numbered among its members students from 
more than a hundred different towns, a dozen States, and 
several foreign countries. No history of it has been writ- 
ten, no catalogue issued, no records kept of the names of the 
instructors. Two manuscript records have been found, one 
containing the names of the male students from 1800 to 
1802, and from 181 1 to 1834, the other the names of the 
female students from 1801 to 1821. The names of the pre- 
ceptors are nowhere found recorded, and the recollections of 
the pupils and residents of the town in regard to them are 
indistinct and often conflicting. The following are such 
facts as the means of information supply. 

The first Preceptor was Mr. [presumably the Rev. Micah] 
Stone, of Reading, a graduate of Harvard College 1790, 
tutor 1796, student of theology with Rev. Jonathan French, 
Andover, settled 1801 at Brookfield. 

Mr. James Flint (Rev. Dr. Flint, of Salem) was Preceptor, 
1800-1801. 



544 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Mr. Nathaniel Peabody was Preceptor from 1801 to 1804, 
during which time the name of the school was changed to 
Franklin Academy. Mr. Peabody was a graduate of Dart- 
mouth College, 1800. He went from the Franklin Academy 
to Billerica, where he was also engaged in teaching, and 
where he studied medicine. After an extended course of 
study in other places, he settled in Salem, and continued to 
practice his profession during the greater part of his life. 
As a Preceptor of Franklin Academy, he was respected and 
beloved. A memento of his friendly relations with his pu- 
pils, and of their proficiency in composition, he kept through 
life, and it was found among his private papers after his 
death. It is an elaborate oration, with the heading: — 

" A Vohmtary Address of Students of Franklin Academy, April 
J, 1804.. — Written by Dale, pronounced by Farnuin." 

After Mr. Peabody there was a Preceptor for a short time, 
supposed to have been Mr. Joseph Hovey,^ a graduate of Har- 
vard College, 1804. 

Mr. Samuel L. Knapp was Preceptor in 1805 and 1806. 
He was a graduate of Harvard College, 1804. He afterward 
practised law in Newburyport, was editor of the " Boston 
Gazette" and "Boston Monthly," author of "Sketches of 
Distinguished Americans," and a book on American litera- 
ture. He was a man of marked peculiarities, and was re- 
garded as a sort of odd genius by the people of North An- 
dover, although all recognized that he was a man of uncom- 
mon ability. He was a favorite with the young folks. One 
instance of his eccentricity was his buying a load of wood 
for a poor family, to prevent the town officers from chopping 
the limbs off the elm-tree planted by Chaplain Frye. The 
story has been told that he bought and took a deed of the 
land around the tree, but this is contradicted, and the state- 
ment made that he bought a lot to be buried in, on the road 
or lane, commonly called Judy Wood's lane. 

Mr. Knapp subjected the pupils to few rules. The stu- 
dents from out of town lived as sons and daughters with fam- 
ilies of culture (boys and girls in one household), and re- 

1 Not sufficientlv ascertained. 



ACADEMIES. 545 

ceived parental care. One of the principal homes was that 
of Mr. Peter Osgood (the father of the Rev. Peter Osgood). 

The reminiscences of the few who yet remain of the early 
students of Franklin Academy, are of delightfid days. The 
notions of propriety in the North Parish were then much 
relaxed from the rigidity of Puritan customs, and many social 
recreations were permitted to the young folks. These festivi- 
ties the elders directed and shared. The following is a copy 
of a card, a relic of the good times of the Franklin Academy 
students. It will be noted that the name of the Preceptor 
heads the list of managers. 



ANDOVER BALL. 


The company of Mr. W. Johnson 


is requested at Mr. Parker's Hall 


on Tuesday Evening at 6 o'clock, 


August 19, 1806. 


S. Knapp, 




J. KiTTREDGE, 

D. Berry, 


> Managers. 


B. W. HiLDRETH, 





Another card of later date fixes the time at five o'clock. 
It is elaborate in finish, adorned with musical deities and in- 
struments, and printed in the best style of art. The man- 
agers, E. Dale, S. Osgood, D. Robinson. The card of latest 
date has gone back still another hour of the day, a presage 
of the time when there would be no more school balls for 
Franklin Academy students : — 

o 00000000000000000000 o 

° Mr. Ansart's ^ 

° SCHOOLBALL, ® 

At Isaac Parker's Hall, Andover, 

o o 

On Monday., April 11, 1808. 

^ Dancing to commence precisely at _, 



Q 4 o'clock p. M. 



o 



° 00000000000000000000 ^ 

After Mr. Knapp, Mr. Samuel M. Burnside was the Pre- 
35 



546 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ceptor. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College 1805. 
He studied law with the Hon. Artemas Ward, and settled in 
Worcester. 

Mr. James Gushing Merrill, graduate of Harvard College 
1807, was Preceptor about 18 10. Under his tuition three 
North Andover " boys " were fitted -for college : Rev. Peter 
Osgood, Dr. Samuel Johnson, and Dr. John I. Carlton, who 
graduated 18 14. 

Mr. Timothy Hilliard, graduate of Harvard College 1809, 
was Preceptor about that time. He was afterward minister 
in Sudbury ; in 18 14 he became a physician and practised at 
Nashua, N. H. The only memory of him found in North 
Andover is, to use the phrase of the narrator, " his chasing 
white-faced bumble-bees on his way to school." 

Other early Preceptors were Mr. David Damon, a graduate 
of Harvard College 181 1, subsequently a minister at West 
Cambridge ; Mr.. Page (possibly the Rev. Robert Page, a 
graduate of Bowdoin College) ; Mr. John Cleaveland, of Tops- 
field, a graduate of Bowdoin College 1821, counsellor at law, 
New York. Two Preceptors of the year 1825 are now liv- 
ing. One, the Rev. Seth Waldo, taught a few months in the 
summer of that year. He has been during most of the time 
since, more or less engaged in teaching, either in charge of 
academies or private pupils. He is a graduate of Amherst 
College and Andover Theological Seminary, 1834; was 
Principal of Oberhn College Institute, and has been a 
preacher in various places in the West, as a Home Mission- 
ary, and Principal of a select school in Geneseo, 111. He mar- 
ried Miss Abiah Spofford, of North Andover, 

Mr. Stephen Coburn, of Ipswich, was preceptor of Frank- 
lin Academy, from September, 1825, to May, 1826. He was 
a graduate of Andover Theological Seminary, not ordained ; 
a teacher in Ipswich after he left North Andover ; postmas- 
ter of Ipswich in 1832. He held the latter office more than a 
quarter of a century. He is now in his eighty-third year. 

But in the school traditions one name has overshadowed 
all other names. The terrors of Master Simeon Putnam's 
discipline have been so faithfully handed down by the stu- 
dents who experienced them, that it has come to be a cur- 



ACADEMIES. 547 

rent belief in the neighborhood that his day dates back to 
the early period of the school. " Old Put," he is most often 
called, although he was only forty-seven years old when he 
died. The anachronisms and the legends on this subject are 
amusing, and illustrate the saying, " The evil that men do 
lives after them, the good is oft interred with their bones." 

Mr, Putnam was from Rutland, Mass., a graduate of Har- 
vard College, 1811. He studied divinity, but from overwork 
broke down and was unable to preach. He took his second 
degree in 1817, and about that time came to take charge of 
Franklin Academy. He married Miss Abigail B. Fay, of 
Concord, Mass., a lady of great excellence and a friend to 
many a school-boy, who, but for her tenderness, would have 
felt himself friendless under the master's stern discipline. 

Mrs. Putnam outlived her husband by nearly twelve years, 
residing in the house which he had built at Andover. IVIr. 
Putnam carried on the academy till shortly before his death, 
May 19, 1833, with an interval of a little over a year, 1825- 
1827, when the Trustees, becoming dissatisfied with the terms 
of their agreement with him, and his large receipt of profits 
took the school into their own hands. He at once erected a 
building for his use on the hill near his house (the Bradstreet 
house), north of the burying-ground, and there continued his 
" classical school." Franklin Academy could not compete 
with Mr. Putnam's private school, and in 1827 new terms of 
agreement with him were entered into. He and his partner, 
and associate principal, the Rev, Cyrus Pierce, leased the 
Franklin Academy from the Trustees, agreeing to " receive 
all the children of inhabitants of the North Parish, at a tui- 
tion of twenty-five dollars for forty-five weeks, or in that pro- 
portion for a term, and to allow the Trustees the use of his 
school-house for their Female School thereon, such portions 
of the year as they may require," 

The state of the school is thus described, 1829:^ "It is 
constantly and deservedly rising in reputation for thorough 
instruction and moral discipline Its reputation is in- 
ferior to none, and it has never been more flourishing than 
at the present time." 

^ Abbot's History. 



548 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Mr. Putnam was, there can be no question, often unjust, 
though probably not intentionally so, always harsh, and some- 
times cruel to the idle and disobedient. He had many bad 
boys to manage ; some of whom were, no doubt, made worse 
by his severity. Many of them lived with him in his house, 
and by their perpetual misdoing and perverseness rasped his 
nerves and exasperated his temper. He was in ill health, a 
sufferer most of the time with acute neuralgia, and the con- 
stant strain broke him down in the prime of manhood. It 
has been common to hear little that was kindly about Master 
Putnam in the place of his residence. It was, however, with 
the conviction that he must have had some strong and good 
points of character, that this attempt to write a brief biog- 
raphy was undertaken, for no man without ability, and some 
proper discharge of a preceptor's duty could, for nearly fif- 
teen years, have kept such a school as the Franklin Academy 
was under Mr. Putnam ; its ranks constantly filled by stu- 
dents from all parts of the country, and that while within two 
miles was Phillips Academy with the advantages of endow- 
ment and the reputation of almost a half-century. This be- 
lief has been confirmed by the testimony of one of the most 
eminent of Mr. Putnam's pupils. Prof. Cornelius C. Felton, 
in giving some facts in regard to his own education, to the 
biographer of Harvard Graduates (Dr. John L. Sibley), paid 
a tribute to Master Putnam's instruction. The statement, as 
taken down from Professor Felton's lips, is kindly allowed to 
be here used : — 

'• Early in the summer of 1822, his (Prof. Felton's) father sent him 
to Mr. Simeon Putnam's private academy at North Andover, and 
there he stayed a year and three months. When he went there, the 
intention was that he should stay only one term (on account of his 
father's straitened circumstances). Mr. Putnam was an enthusi- 
astic scholar, a great lover of the classics and of Edmund Burke, a 
man very austere in his manners, but gende and kind to all who 
wanted to study, and who awakened extravagant enthusiasm in all 
his pupils. After some time, Mr. Putnam, knowing his father's 
circumstances, called him up one day and told him he wanted him 
to go to college, and that he would trust him for his tuition bill 
until he was able to pay him. This was in the summer of 1822. 



ACADEMIES. 549 

He came to college in 1823. In this year and a quarter, while at 
Franklin Academy, he read 'Sallust' four times, 'Cicero's Ora- 
tions' four times, 'Virgil' six times, ' Graca Minora' five or six 
times, and the poetry of it, till he could repeat nearly all of it by 
memory; the 'Annals and Histories of Tacitus,' 'Justin,' 'Corne- 
lius Nepos,' the ' Anabasis of Xenophon,' four books of ' Rob- 
inson's Selections from the Iliad,' Greek Testament four times, 
besides writing a translation of one of the Gospels and a translation 
of ' Grotius de Veritate,' which he brought in the manuscript to 
colleo-e. He also wrote a volume of about two hundred pages of 
Latin exercises, and one of about one hundred pages of Greek ex- 
ercises, and studied carefully all the mathematics and geography 
requisite to enter college." 

After such students, it is no wonder Mr. Putnam had small 
patience with dunces, or even with the ordinary common- 
place boys, more fond of frolic than of Burke and the classics. 

The sons of Mr. Putnam were Rev. Charles S. Putnam, 
rector in the Church of the Redeemer, Brooklyn, N. Y., who 
died at forty-two, i860 ; Prof. John N. Putnam, of Dartmouth 
College, who died at the age of forty-one, 1863. Both were 
graduates of Andover Theological Seminary. 

Other Preceptors were Rev. Cyrus Pierce, 1833 ; Benja- 
min K^Cotting, M. D., 1833 ; John A. Richardson, A. M., 
1 833- 1 836 ; John White Brown, Esq., and Dr. Charles Al- 
len, 1839-1840; Hon. George B. Loring, 1841. Dr. Loring 
was the first Preceptor, native of the town. He was a stu- 
dent of Franklin Academy, graduate of Harvard College, 
1838, and Medical School, 1842. He is a resident of Salem. 
He was elected representative to Congress, 1876 and 1878, 
and is at present a member. Mr. Hiram Berry, Preceptor, 
1 845-1 847, is a resident of North Andover. He was repre- 
sentative to the Legislature in 1873. 

The succeeding teachers were Mr. Isaac T. Case and Mr. 
Spencer Wells, graduates of Bowdoin College. The school 
was given up about 1853. 

Franklm Academy. — Female Department. 

While the advantages of classical education were provided 
for boys as early as 1647 in the colony, it was not thought 



550 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

necessary or suitable for girls (except in families of wealth 
and leisure), to devote much time to study. The wives and 
daughters of some of the principal citizens of Andover, in 
the first half century, did not write their names : Sarah Os- 
good, wife of the first representative to the General Court ; 
Hannah, wife of the representative Thomas Chandler ; Han- 
nah, relict of George Abbot and Rev. Francis Dane (but 
possibly because of the infirmity of age when she signed the 
paper found) ; Margery, mother of Thomas Osgood ; Mary, 
wife of Daniel Poor ; Rachel, wife of Richard Sutton ; Sarah, 
wife of Joseph Wilson ; Mary, wife of Andrew Foster ; Mary, 
wife of Job Tyler ; Rebecca, wife of Robert Karnes ; Rebecca 
Marble ; Elizabeth, wife of Dea. John Abbot, and mother 
of the Harvard graduate, 1737, Abiel Abbot ; several daugh- 
ters of Henry Gray ; Sarah, wife of Samuel Phelps ; Ruth, 
wife of Edward Phelps; Sarah, relict of Samuel Preston, — 
and many other women of good social standing, made their 
mark on the papers and legal documents to which their assent 
was required. Nor was Andover an exceptional town in this 
respect. This inability of women to write appears in all the 
towns in the colony, and was also common in the old coun- 
try. One of the daughters of the poet Milton, who read Latin 
by rote to her blind father, could not write her name. It is 
true that many men of ancient Andover could not write ; but, 
as a rule, the women were less instructed than the men. 
Gradually, however, studies, as accomplishments, became fash- 
ionable, especially for the daughters of the wealthy. The first 
record of the education of an Andover young lady we have 
from a French gentleman, the Marquis de Chastellux, who 
in 1782-83 made a tour of the United States, and visited our 
town : — 

" Nous nous arretames a South Andover, cinq milles au dela de 
Bilerika, dans une mauvaise auberge tenue par un nomme Foster. 
Sa femme avait des enfants charmans, mais elle nae parut extrava- 
gante, et je crois qu'elle etait un peu ivree. Elle me montra avec 
beaucoup d'importance un livre dans lequel lisait sa fille ainee & 
je fus surpris de trouver que c'etait un livre de priere en langue 
italienne. Cette meme fille qui etait agee a peu pres de dix-sept 
ans me recita aussi une priere en langue indienne. Elle n'y com- 
prenait rien et I'avait apprise par hazard d'un domestique indien. 



ACADEMIES. 551 

Mais sa mere trouvait tout cela: admirable. Nous nous contentames 
de faire repaitre nos chevaux dans ce mauvais cabaret & nous en 
partimes a une heure & demie." ^ 

Some interesting glimpses of the social life of the young 
ladies, and also of their attainments in composition, are 
obtained from letters of correspondence (1787 and 1795) 
between the daughters of Dr. Thomas Kittredge and their 
friends. These letters, simple and unstudied, are bright and 
vivacious, and present a favorable idea of the young ladies' 
epistolary training. 

One addressed to Miss Patty Kittredge describes the mu- 
sical efforts of the writer ; — 

''Dec. 18, 1795. 

" Thank you, my dear girl, for your friendly letter ; also for the 
song. It is a pretty little thing, but I shall not dare to sing it with 
you, and if I can make music enough to get Abbot to sleep I shall 
be glad. You would laugh to see what a scampering there is when 
I attempt to sing. Sir gives a look of disapprobation, jumps up, 
shrugs his shoulders, and retires. The deacon,^ with a sagacious 
stare, comes up with his usual vivacity, and asks the favor of a 
song. To gratify the good old Bachelor, I begin to tune up ; then 
down comes the Almanack and he is mighty busy ; not to see when 
the moon fulls, but merely to pass away time ; indeed, every part 
of the family is affected in some way or other. Spring lays by the 
fire motionless, the cats are all up dancing cotillons ; they make 
quite a burlesque appearance, and all at my expense, too. Is it not 
abominable ? " 

Another correspondent, Miss Lucy Foster, then visiting 
at Canterbury, N. H., speaks of the loneliness, and contrasts 
it with the gayeties of Andover : — 

1 "We stopped at South Andover, five miles below Billerica, in a wretched 
inn kept by a man named Foster. His wife had some charming children ; but 
she appeared to me extravagant (in her boasting), and I think she was a little 
intoxicated. [The excitement of talking face to face with a Marquis might 
readily make the simple woman of Andover seem ivree.\ She showed me with 
much importance a book in which her eldest daughter read, and I was surprised 
to find it was a prayer-book in the Italian tongue. This same daughter, who 
was about sixteen years of age, recited to me also a prayer in the Indian lan- 
guage. She understood nothing of it, having learned it by chance of an Indian 
domestic. But her mother found all this admirable. We contented ourselves 
with having our horses fed in this wretched tavern, and took our departure from 
it at half-past one." 

2 The deacons at this time were Isaac Abbot, Nathan Abbot, Daniel Poor. 



552 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" I hear oftener than I wish to of your dances and other amuse- 
ments, not, my dear girl, that I wish you to be deprived of them ; 
far from it, altho' I am not altogether happy, I wish my friends all 
the happiness they can enjoy, but at the same time it wounds my 
feelings to think of those diversions which you know I am so fond 
of, and can't partake of them." 

Andover seems to have been a remarkably social town, 
for another correspondent from Salem writes to Miss Kit- 
tredge : — 

" Tell Susan she must hasten her visit, for all the girls are im- 
patient to see her ; but I suppose she is loth to part with all her 
amusements in Andover to come to poor dull Salem, for I assure 
you, Patty, that it is quite as dull as ever. I was in company with 
Polly Orne the other afternoon. She said that she wished to see 
you very much, for she had often heard you spoken of as being 
very handsome." 

Miss Lucy Foster writes again in regard to a "young 
minister." She says : "he is in pursuit of a wife, and wants 
one that is young, handsome, and gay. I know of none that 
will answer his purpose. I suppose it will avail nothing if I 
send him," etc. 

And so on. The letters show what these young ladies 
were doing. One is full of good advice, not to read too many 
novels, but when deeply interested to stop reading and " take 
up your stocking," referring to the knitting which every young 
woman was-supposed to have begun, ready to " take up " when 
not otherwise occupied. 

These letters make no allusions to school or study ; but 
undoubtedly these girls were sent out of town to some pri- 
vate school for a part of their schooling. 

The establishment of Frankhn Academ}'- in 1799- 1800 
made provisions for the education of girls. In respect to 
this educational movement the town of North Andover may 
claim distinction, for this Academy was the first incorporated 
institution in Massachusetts to which young ladies were ad- 
mitted, and it also made provision for, them at the outset. 

The names of the preceptresses of the Academy have been 
even more dilTficult to find than those of the preceptors. The 
first seems to have been Miss Stone, who merely taught nee- 
dle-work. 



ACADEMIES. 553 

The first preceptress who gave instruction in the studies 
of the school was a lady of rare gifts and attainments, and 
the story of her life and her preparation for the position of a 
teacher is instructive. 

Elizabeth Palmer was born in 1777, at Watertown, Mass. 
Her father had been in affluent circumstances in business 
with her grandfather, Gen. Joseph Palmer. But reverses 
came ; his estate was sold under a mortgage to Governor 
Hancock. He went to live on a farm at Framingham, fell 
into despondency, and was of little assistance to his family 
during the .few remaining years of his life. He died sud- 
denly by an accidental fall, while he was living away from his 
family as tutor to some pupils. 

During this trying period Elizabeth, then a mere child, was 
almost her mother's sole dependence, performing household 
labor, spinning, and making clothing, and even doing out-of- 
door labor. Yet through all, she had, as she writes in her 
journal, an unconquerable desire for literary improvement, 
and when the day's labors were over she found solace and rest 
in reading over and over again their small library of standard 
English authors. After some time she obtained the assistance 
of her great aunt, Madam Cranch, the sister of Mrs. Abigail 
Adams. The sister of these two ladies was married to Rev. 
Stephen Peabody, of Atkinson, N. H., a former resident of 
North Andover. She invited Miss Palmer to become a mem- 
ber of her household and take the place of a daughter, her 
own daughter having lately died. In her adopted home Miss 
Palmer felt it a duty to make herself useful, and as she was 
excessively sensitive lest she should be dependent, and there 
was much work to be performed, her labors were hard and 
perplexing. She not only rendered aid in domestic duties, but 
also was often called upon by the students in the Atkinson 
Academy who were members of the minister's family, for as- 
sistance in their studies. She also found time occasionally to 
indulge her literary tastes, and wrote poetry, which was pub- 
lished in the Haverhill " Gazette." She made the acquaint- 
ance of Mr. Nathaniel Peabody, a student of Dartmouth Col- 
lege, while at Atkinson, and became engaged to be married. 
When he was Preceptor of Franklin Academy she accepted 



554 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the position of Assistant or Preceptress, although she was very 
distrustful of her qualification for the situation. She was, 
however, remarkably successful, stimulating the pupils under 
her charge to the same love of learning which she had, and 
inspiring them with respect and affection. In 1802 she was 
married to Mr. Peabody. In 1804 they removed to Billerica, 
where she continued to teach. In Salem, where they subse- 
quently lived, she, with her sister, had charge of a young la- 
dies' school, and continued to the latest years of her life an 
ardent enthusiasm for learning and teaching. 

She was the mother of Miss Elizabeth Peabody, Mrs. Na- 
thaniel Hawthorne, and Mrs. Horace Mann. 

Mrs. Peabody's successor as Preceptress was a lady who 
had received all advantages of education and culture, — Miss 
Abby Dowse, of Cambridge, Mass. She had attended the 
ladies' academy in Cambridge and the private school of the 
Misses Cushing at Hingham, who were among the most ac- 
complished teachers of the day. She is described by her 
contemporaries as a lady of rare personal beauty, of great 
dignity and grace of manner, of a sweet disposition, and clear 
and cultivated mind. She was beloved by her pupils and by 
all who knew her. She was married in 1808 to Peter Oilman 
RoJDbins, M. D., who had been a student of medicine under 
Dr. Thomas^Kittredge, and who died at the early age of 
twenty-six, leaving two sons, the Rev. Chandler Robbins, 
D. D., and the Rev. Samuel D. Robbins. 

Some of the other preceptresses were : Miss Susan Bul- 
finch, of Lynn, who, in 1815, was married to the Rev. Daniel 
Poor, D. D., one of the first missionaries to Ceylon ; Miss 
Mansfield, of Salem ; Miss Charlotte Verstille, of East Wind- 
sor, Conn. ; Miss Bancroft, daughter of Dr. Bancroft, of 
Worcester ; Miss Joanna Prince, of Beverly ; Miss Bradford, 
of Boston ; Miss Nancy Denney ; Miss Adeline Abbot and 
Miss Susan Abbot, daughters of Rev. Dr. Abiel Abbot, of 
Beverly ; Miss Hannah Osgood, of North Andover (also a 
preceptress in Hampton Academy), now living, in her eighty- 
sixth year, of clear and strong mind and ready memory ; Miss 
Martha Lincoln, married to Mr. John White Brown ; Miss 
Mary Kendall. Miss Lucy Jane Hamlen was the last pre- 



ACADEMIES. 555 

ceptress who taught in the Academy, a private school. • She 
was married to the Rev. HolHs Russell, of Schoolcraft, Mich. 

Abbot Academy. 

In the growth of the town of Andover the centre of pop- 
ulation gradually changed from the original site of the first 
meeting-house, in the north part of the town, to the neighbor- 
hood of the Phillips Academy and the Theological Seminary, 
in the South Parish, these educational institutions of them- 
selves creating almost a village for their residences and ac- 
commodations. The West Parish also formed another cen- 
tre around its meeting-house. These parishes were not ac- 
commodated by the location of the Franklin Academy. Par- 
ents could not conveniently send daughters daily to the 
school, and were not inclined to have them board in the 
North Parish. Thus for fifty years after the establishment of 
Phillips Academy the young ladies in the South and West 
Parishes, who did not avail themselves of the Franklin Acad- 
emy, had no advantages in the town except those of small pri- 
vate schools, or home instruction. Some of these advantages 
were superior, and the women educated by them, though 
without diploma or certificate of graduation, have proved 
their excellence. Professor Stuart and other professors sup- 
ported a select school for their daughters, and also many 
young ladies went out of town to the academies or family 
schools, where young ladies were taught. 

The residents of Andover in process of time came more 
and more to feel the importance of having an academy for 
young women, on the same religious and denominational 
bases as the institutions for young men. In the movement to 
establish such an academy, the Rev. Dr. Jackson, pastor of 
the West Church, and the Rev. Mr. Badger, of the' South 
Church, and Dea. Mark Newman, were prominently influ- 
ential. Samuel Farrar, Esq., also took an active part, advis- 
ing; and directing the beneficence of the founder, Mrs. Sarah 
Abbot. This lady, a widow (wife of Nehemiah Abbot), and 
childless, made the trustees of the Academy residuary leg- 
atees of her estate of ten thousand dollars, and gave one 
thousand dollars toward the erection of an academy build- 



556 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

ing. On her security, Mr. Farrar advanced the sum neces- 
sary to complete the building. Mrs. Abbot, although she had 
not herself enjoyed the advantages of early education, appre- 
ciated their value, and in her relations with the students of 
Phillips Academy (her husband had been steward of the 
Commons) had made many a poor boy presents of books, and 
otherwise rendered aid to indigent students. It therefore 
afforded her satisfaction to connect her name with an insti- 
tution which promised to provide educational advantages for 
her own sex. 

Besides the bequest of Mrs. Abbot, the Academy has re- 
ceived large gifts from other residents of Andover : ^ about 
seven thousand dollars from the Hon. George L. Davis, of 
North Andover, and four thousand dollars from each of the 
brothers, Mr. John Smith and Mr. Peter Smith. Mr. Mark 
Newman gave an acre of ground for the site of the Academy 
building. It now has twenty-three acres of grounds tastefully 
laid out. 

The school opened May 6, 1829, with seventy pupils. 
There have been about three thousand different members 
in fifty years. 

Abbot Academy, the first academy incorporated in the State 
for the education of girls solely, started with a standard of 
education as high as any which exists for women to-day, in- 
cluding in its course of study the Latin and Greek languages. 

It is doubtful if the school ever in its early years fully re- 
alized in its practical workings the plans of its founders for 
classical study. It gradually conformed to the popular senti- 
ment in favor of a modified course of instruction for young 
ladies. But the fact that such high ground was taken at the 
outset by men of the sagacity and practical wisdom of Dr. 
Jackson, Samuel Farrar, and the others, is an interesting and 
significant fact. Dr. Jackson lived to see his theories of 
women's education carried into practice in the establishment 
of colleges for women. 

The Abbot Academy celebrated its fiftieth anniversary 
June II and 12, 1879. The gathering of alumni, and the 

^ The late Mr. Hiram French left a considerable testamentary bequest. Mr. 
Warren F. Draper has made several donations. 



ACADEMIES. 



557 



reminiscences and recognitions in the changes of time, were 
of deep and tender interest to many hearts.^ 

The principals of the Academy in the fifty years have been 
the following : — 



Charles Goddard, A. B, 

Samuel Lamson, A. M. [Rev.] . 

Samuel G. Brown, A. M. [Rev. LL. D 

Rev. Lorenzo L. Langstroth , 

Timothy D. P. Stone, A. M. [Rev.] 

Asa Farwell, A. M. [Rev.] 

Peter Smith Byers 

Miss Nancy J. Hasseltine 

Miss Maria J. B. Browne 

Miss Emma L. Taylor 

Miss Philena McKeen 



] 



1829-1831 
1832-1835 
1835-1838 
1838-1839 
1839-1842 
1842-1852 ^ 

1853-1853 
1854-1856 
1856-1857 
1857-1859 
1859- 



A history of the Academy has been recently published, 
written by Miss Philena McKeen, and her sister, Miss Phebe 
McKeen. This was the last literary work of the gifted lady. 
Miss Phebe McKeen, and published after her death. 

1 The names of the trustees for fifty years, as given in the semi-centennial 
catalogue, are as follows : — 

Mark Newman, M. A., elected 1828; Rev. Milton Badger, D. D., 1828; Rev. 
Samuel C. Jackson, D. D., 1828; Samuel Farrar, Esq., 182S ; Hon. Hobart 
Clark, 1828; Hon. Amos Abbott, 1828; Amos Blanchard, 1828; Rev. Aaron 
Green, 1829 ; Rev. Horatio Bardwell, D. D., 1834 ; Rev. Lorenzo L. Langstroth, 
1836; Rev. Samuel Fuller, D. D., 1838; Rev. Lyman Coleman, D. D., 1S38 ; 
Rev. John L. Taylor, D.D., 1840; Prof. Bela B.Edwards, D. D., 1843; Rev. 
Amos Blanchard, D. D., 1843 5 Hon. Alpheus Hardy, 1845 ; Rev. Henry B. 
Holmes, 1848 ; Prof. Simon Greenleaf, LL. D., 1849 ; Peter Smith, 1849 ; Prof. 
Edwards A. Park, D. D., 1851 ; Rev. Miner G. Pratt, 1851 ; Rev. William B. 
Brown, D. D., 1851; Nathaniel Swift, 185 1 ; Edward Buck, Esq., 1854 ; Samuel 
Gray, 1855; Rev. Caleb E. Fisher, 1855 : Edward Taylor, 1859; Hon. George 
L. Davis, 1859; Peter Smith, 1S70 ; Warren F. Draper, 1868; George Ripley, 
1870; George W. Coburn, 1870; Prof. Egbert C. Smyth, D. D., 1870; Hon. 
Rufus S. Frost, 1870 ; Hiram W. French, 1873 ; Rev. Francis H. Johnson, 1876 ; 
Rev. Edward G. Porter, 1878. 

2 Rev. J. B. Bittinger, Acting Principal, 1849-1850. 



CHAPTER IX. 

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 

The Andover Theological Seminary was dedicated Sep- 
tember 28, 1808. The establishment of a school of divinity- 
was a part of the original plan of the founders of Phillips 
Academy, although not to make it a distinct institution. 
But the growing numbers of candidates for the ministry, who 
usually went to finish their studies with the pastors, burdened 
the latter with a great care, and led to the plan of a school 
for their training. The Rev. Mr. French is said to have 
originated the idea of a seminary at Andover, and he was 
aided in carrying it out by Dr. Eliphalet Pearson. 

The first donors of money, the founders and associate 
founders, were : Madam Phebe Foxcroft Phillips, Andover 
(South Parish) ; Hon. John Phillips, Andover (North Parish) ; 
Samuel Abbot, Esq., Andover ; Hon. William Bartlet, New- 
buryport ; Moses Brown, Esq., Newburyport ; Hon. John 
Norris, Salem. 

The name of Madam Phillips heads the list by reason of 
the priority of her donation ; ^ but in every respect there was 
a propriety in giving to her this place of honor. She was the 
beloved wife of the projector of the Academy (which con- 
tained the plan of the Divinity School), and had shared and 
stimulated his benevolent undertakings. She was the daugh- 
ter of one of the eminent men of Cambridge, Hon. Francis 
Foxcroft, and had received every social and educational ad- 
vantage which intercourse with the learned and cultivated 
could confer. Her beauty of person was remarkable ; her 
sweetness and grace of manner charmed all who met her ; 
her conversational powers were so extraordinary that it was 
said by a contemporary, that " her style of conversation sur- 

1 Mr. Bartlet gave money earlier, but to found a seminary at Newbury. 




Hon. William 1'iiillu;;. 



j-^-i-jVp J 




IIuN. juHN Phillips. 
[1776-1S20.J 




lliiN'. JoH.\ l'llll,Lli'>, LL.D. 

[i7i9-'7y5-] 




Rev. S.\muel Phillips. 

[i6i)0-i77i.] 





HOX. S.\.MLLL I'lliLLU 
[i7i5-'7'vO-] 




His HiiNOR Samuel Phillips, LL.D. 
[1752-1802.] 



Madam Phcere Phillips. 
[1743-1S12.] 



THE PHILLIPS FAMILY, OF ANDOVER, 
Foiciiders and Benefactors of Institutions of Learning and Religion. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 559 

passed that of any one, male or female, in this country." She 
was, moreover, a writer of considerable ability, as appears in 
her long letters to her husband, her sons, and the youth who, 
in the course of their studies at Andover, came under her in- 
fluence. Nor were her gifts and graces merely those which 
adorn and make attractive and lend a charm to social inter- 
course. To these she added a strength and self-reliance rare 
among ladies of her social standing. These were, no doubt, 
largely called forth by the circumstances of her position as 
the wife of a public servant almost constantly absent from 
home ; she being left to preside over a large household and 
to look after many dependents. 

Such a woman's name, therefore, does not misbecome the 
high place assigned it in the rolls of the Andover Theologi- 
cal Seminary. In her life and character she has left to it 
a legacy which multiplies an hundred fold the value of her 
donations. Mrs. Phillips was a deeply religious woman. Un- 
derlying all her courtesies and kindnesses, and directing her 
intellectual energies and aspirations, was a profound sense of 
accountability to God. During her whole life this had been 
the mainspring of her activities, and to inspire in other hearts 
the same sentiments of piety which she herself cherished, be- 
came with her advancing age more and more the object of 
her supreme desire. She was past threescore years when 
she made the donation for the Theological Seminary. She 
had outlived her husband who was her junior in age by nine 
years ; she had laid in the grave one of her sons in the flower 
of his youth, and though, on the whole, her life had been as 
abundant in earthly blessing as usually falls to the lot of mor- 
tals, she had had enough of vicissitude, and seen enough of 
the instability of worldly hopes to incline her to leave behind 
some lasting memorial which might emphasize to her genera- 
tion and to future generations her conviction of the supreme 
importance of the things that are unseen and eternal. To 
look forward in imagination to the long flow of beneficent in- 
fluences which her gift was to set in motion, filled her heart 
with pious rapture ; and if she could have foreseen how the 
number of students (thirty-six), with which the Seminary 
opened, as was then thought, auspiciously, would increase 



56o HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

until it amounted in a half-century to more than two thou- 
sand, she would have felt even greater satisfaction in the de- 
cision which she made to devote this offering to heaven. 

Hon. John Phillips, who joined with his mother in this 
donation, was a merchant of the North Parish. He was a 
graduate of Harvard College (1795), and had studied for the 
legal profession, but on account of his health did not pursue 
it. He was an influential citizen, and his early death, at the 
age of forty-four, was widely mourned. In his grandsons, 
four brothers of one household,^ clergymen, of whom the 
eldest is the Rev. Phillips Brooks, D. D., is continued the 
succession in the gospel ministry of the descendants from 
the Rev. George Phillips, the first minister of Watertown, 
1630. 

The third named of the founders of the Seminary, Samuel 
Abbot, Esq., merchant of Andover, endowed the Abbot pro- 
fessorship and made bequests which amounted to the large 
sum of one hundred and ten thousand dollars. Having no 
children he lavished all his affection on the Theological In- 
stitution. His belief in its claims upon him was strong and 
undoubting. He felt himself directly called of God to make 
the donation. In regard to the spirit in which he made his 
bequest, the Rev. Dr. Woods said in a funeral sermon : — 

" Religious beneficence had become his grand object. To this 
he had consecrated much of the weallh which God had given 
him This Institution was his favorite object, and its pros- 
perity constituted much of his comfort in the concluding years of 

his life He connected with it his most solemn devotions, his 

purest pleasures, his best hopes of the church's prosperity 

He felt more and more satisfied that in his religious charity he had 
been directed by the spirit of God, and had done what he should 
rejoice in forever." 

While the Andover lovers of learning were revolving the 
project of a school of theology, the same subject had been 
under consideration in another part of Essex County. The 
Rev. Dr. Spring, of Newburyport, and Dr. Hopkins, of Salem, 
had almost simultaneously formed a plan for a theological 
seminary, and had enlisted in the enterprise three rich mer- 

1 Rev. Frederick Brooks, deceased, Rev. Arthur Brooks, Rev. John Brooks. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 56 1 

chants of their respective parishes, — the associate founders 
before named. When the plans of the two parties became 
known to each other, it was, after long and anxious discus- 
sions, and many delays and doubts, decided to unite their 
contributions of money and influence for the upholding of one 
institution, rather than to attempt the maintenance of two 
similar and rival schools. In order, however, to come to this 
conclusion, much concession and compromise were required, 
not only of sectional feeling but of theological dogma. The 
Hopkinsian and the Calvinistic doctrines, and the many 
shades of them which were variously visible to the theolo- 
gians of the time, according to their respective points of view, 
had to be adjusted and provided for in the foundation of a 
seminary for mutual cooperation, and it was a work not easily 
accomplished. The compromise which resulted in a school 
of theology, on a broad foundation, and the establishment of 
this institution at Andover, were due largely to the persistent 
efforts of Dr. Pearson. " He spent," says Professor Park, 
" nine months in his efforts to effect a union between the 
two seminaries. During these nine months his plan had 
been often well-nigh defeated, and the blame of starting it 
had been laid at his door. During these nine mouths he had 
journeyed alone in his chaise (a distance of twenty miles), 
thirty-six times from this hill to Newburyport, and there rea- 
soned with the keen dialecticians who opposed the Seminary 
at Andover. During the same nine months he had also 
taken frequent solitary rides from this hill to Boston, and 
there confronted the men who opposed the Seminary at An- 
dover, and also that at Newbury. He had spent three weary 
months in controversy with one class of men who were inim- 
ical to his plans and to him also." But he succeeded at last. 
Hopkinsian and Calvinist joined hands. 

" The Hopkinsians (to finish the above quotation) nomi- 
nated Pearson as the Calvinistic Professor, the Calvinists 
nominated Woods as the Hopkinsian Professor ; the Hopkin- 
sians praised the vigilance of Pearson, the Calvinists praised 
the diplomacy of Woods, and by such interchange of courtesy 
the present institution was formed." 

One of the associate founders of the Seminary, the Hon. 
36 



562 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

John Norris, of Salem, was also, in a sense, an Andover cit- 
izen. He owned and occupied, for a time, as his summer 
residence, the Bradstreet house, and was an attendant of 
the South Church. He made his donation to the seminary 
in a truly devout spirit. It is said that, when he took the 
money from the bank in specie, he set it apart by special 
prayer as to a sacred service. His intention was to give 
five thousand dollars, but by the influence of Mrs. Norris, 
his wife, he was induced to double the sum. So great was 
this lady's interest in the Seminary that, when smitten with 
sudden and mortal illness, she rallied her strength to sign, in 
dying, a will,^ adding to the former donation thirty thousand 
dollars. 

Mr. Moses Brown made his donation, said Dr. Woods, 
" with readiness, simplicity, and generous kindness." He 
gave at first ten thousand dollars, and afterward endowed a 
professorship with the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars. 

Mr. William Bartlet made the largest donation, giving 
twenty thousand dollars to the associate fund, fifteen thousand 
for the endowment of a professorship, seventy-five thousand 
for the chapel and professors' houses ; and he left a legacy 
of fifty thousand, — a total of one hundred and sixty thou- 
sand dollars. Of this munificent giver, Dr. Leonard Bacon 
said : " I count it among the privileges of my life to have had 
even so slight an acquaintance with a man who knew so well 
what his great wealth could do for his felicity." 

In regard to these benefactors of Andover Theological 
Seminary, a speaker at the semi-centennial celebration, 1858, 
exclaimed : " They are dead ; but is their spirit dead } Are 
there no more such benefactors .'' I tremble for the precious 
treasure in the house now over our heads, lest the want of 
some fire-proof building should consign the wisdom of ages 
to an incendiary ruin ! " 

Brechin Hall, the new Library Building erected in 1865, was 
the noble response to this appeal. The three donors, their 
joint donation amounting to sixty thousand dollars, were the 
three partners in the manufacturing firm of Smith, Dove, & 
Company, adopted citizens of Andover, natives of Scotland. 
1 This was contested, but pronounced to be valid. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 563 

The library building was named for their native town of 
Brechin. One of the donors, Mr. John Dove, has passed to 
his reward, leaving a good man's fragrant memory. His 
last will added to his former donations a bequest of ten thou- 
sand dollars. The brothers, Mr. John Smith and Mr. Peter 
Smith, are still ^ with us (the elder over eighty years of age), 
their benefactions too frequent in the town for any figures 
long correctly to record their total. 

The various professorships are named from the donors 
whose gifts constitute their foundation, the Abbot, Bartlet, 
and Brown Professorships being named from the three found- 
ers of the Seminary. The Hitchcock Professorship is named 
for Mr. Samuel A. Hitchcock, of Brimfield, who gave nearly 
one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to the Seminary in 
the course of twenty years. The Jones Professorship is 
named for Mr. Frederick Jones, of Boston, who, about 1867, 
gave fifteen thousand dollars to the Seminary. The Stone 
Professorship is named for Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, of Maiden, 
who made a gift of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars 
as a memorial of her husband, the late Mr. Daniel P. Stone. 

Respecting the early professors, the Fathers of the Sem- 
inary, a few brief sketches may here be added. 

The life of Dr. Pearson has already been alluded to, — his 
connection with the Andover Grammar School, his principal- 
ship of Phillips Academy, and his agency in establishing the 
Theological Seminary. His influence was chiefly in the 
direction of literary and aesthetic culture rather than in favor 
of precise doctrinal distinctions and technicalities of creeds. 
It has been intimated that he sometimes regretted his labors 
to effect a compromise of the conflicting elements, seeing 
how difficult it is to make such compromises permanent. 
He resigned his connection with the Seminary after one year, 
but continued through life to cherish an interest in its wel- 
fare. 

The name which represents Andover theology for the first 

1 Since the above was written, they have given $30,000 to the Phillips Acad- 
emy. Mr. Peter Smith died July 6, 1880, while this work was in press. He 
left a bequest of $io,oco to be added to the Smith and Dove Fund for the 
Brechin Hall Library. 



564 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

forty years is Leonard Woods. Dr. Woods was clear, strong, 
and unwavering in his doctrinal opinions, and was well fitted 
to build up and defend a system of theology, and to create in 
other minds the conviction which was in his own mind of its 
impregnability. It is said that a young minister, under ex- 
amination, becoming confused by the catechisings of some of 
the clergy, themselves somewhat befogged in clouds of their 
own raising, apologized : " If Dr. Woods would ask me one 
or two questions, the whole thing would be cleared up." In 
regard to Dr. Woods's system, and his faith in it, his biogra- 
pher and son-in-law. Rev. Edward A. Lawrence, D. D., says : 
" He claimed to be in the line of theological succession from 
Christ through Edwards, Calvin, Augustine, and the Apos- 
tles. This creed was his Christianity. It was old, but he be- 
lieved not worn out, nor the less true for its age. He could 
no more change it than the facts of his religious history. 
' No change,' said he, in his last sickness, to one who ques- 
tioned him on this point." 

It is related that when Dr. Woods entered on his first pas- 
torate he drew up a series of articles of his belief and re- 
quested to have it read before the church. His pastor, the 
Rev. David Osgood, D. D., minister of the church of Med- 
ford, of which Mr. Woods was then a member, heard the 
statement. He himself was opposed to creeds, and becoming 
impatient under the repetition of the young minister's fre- 
quent " I believe," exclaimed : " You believe ten times as 
much now as you will when you are as old as I am ! " But 
the good pastor was mistaken. Age only deepened and 
strengthened the beliefs of Dr. Leonard Woods, and, how- 
ever men may differ from him in their estimate of the value 
of creeds, or disagree with him in doctrine, none can fail to 
respect his sincerity and admire his fearless adherence to 
what he believed to be true. 

Next in order of time of election stands the name of Rev. 
Edward Dorr Griflin, D. D., the first professor of Sacred Rhet- 
oric, whose impassioned yet classic eloquence, cutting like a 
two-edged sword and scathing like the fire of heaven, drew 
from Daniel Webster the remark to a critic of Dr. Griffin : 
" If you are going the same way with the lightning it won't 
hurt you ; if not, you had better keep out of its way." 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 565 

The successors of Dr. Griffin in the same chair v/ere Prof. 
Ebenezer Porter, D. D., and Prof. James Murdock, D. D., the 
one a majestic preacher and Christian gentleman, whose 
memory is embalmed, or rather perennially alive, in the Porter 
Rhetorical Society ; the other described by Professor Stowe 
as " a little dry man with a large elastic brain and nerves like 
cat-gut, who never took hold of a subject that he did not hold 
it till he had got all out of it that there was in it." 

Among the earliest names, and one latest to be forgotten, 
is Moses Stuart. Of him said Dr. Wayland : " When the his- 
tory of Biblical learning in this country shall be written, and 
the names of those who have done worthily shall shine in let- 
ters of light, who can doubt the first place in that roll will, by 
universal consent, be inscribed with the name of Moses 
Stuart .? " 

To Professor Stuart's private character, Professor Park, in 
a memorial address, paid the following tribute : " It is no 
common virtue which is honored in every farmer's cottage of 
the town where he has lived for two and forty years, and 
which is venerated by missionaries of the cross in Lebanon 
and at Damascus. I have heard him praised by Tholuck and 
Neander, and Henderson and Chalmers, and by an Irish la- 
borer and a servant boy, and by the families before whose 
windows he has taken his daily walk for almost half a cen- 
tury." 

Of the later professors it is beyond our limits to speak. 
Their very names awaken tender recollections in the hearts 
of Andover graduates and affectionate gratitude in many 
homes of Andover which their ministrations have blessed. 



566 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



Names of the Professors in the Order of their Inauguration. 



Rev. Eliphalet Pearson, D. D 

Rev. Leonard Woods, D. D.^ 

Rev. Edward Dorr Griffin, D. D 

Rev. Moses Stuart, M. A 

Rev. Ebenezer Porter, D. D 

Rev. James Murdock, D. D 

Rev. Ralph Emerson, D. D 

Rev. Edward Robinson, D. D., LL. D. . . . 
Rev. Thomas Harvey Skinner, D. D., LL. D. 

Pres. Justin Edwards, D. D 

Rev. Edwards Amasa Park,i D. D 

Rev. Bela Bates Edwards, D. D 

Rev. Austin Phelps,'^ D. D 

Rev. Calvin Ellis Stowe, D. D 

Rev. Elijah Porter Barrows, D. D 

Rev. William Greenough Thayer Shedd, D. D. 

Rev. Egbert Coffin Smyth, D. D 

Rev. Joseph Henry Thayer, M. A 

Rev. Charles Marsh Mead, Ph. D 

Rev. John Lord Taylor, D. D.'-^ 

Rev. John Wesley Churchill 

Rev. John P. Gulliver 

Rev. William J. Tucker 

Librarians. 

Samuel Farrar, M. A 

Rensellaer David Chanceford Robbins, M. A. . 

Rev. Edward Robie, M. A 

Samuel Harvey Taylor, LL. D 

Rev. William Ladd Ropes, M. A 

Treasurers. 

Samuel Farrar, M. A 

Samuel Fletcher, M. A 

Daniel Noyes, M. A 

Rev. John Lord Taylor, D. D 

Edward Taylor, Esq 



Elected. 


Dismissed. 


iSo8 


1809 


iSo8 


1846 


1S09 


1811 


1810 


1848 


1S12 


1S34 


1819 


182S 


1829 


1853 


1830 


1833 


1833 


183s 


1836 


1S42 


1836 


- 


1837 


1852 


1848 


- 


1852 


1864 


1853 


1866 


1853 


1S62 


1863 


- 


1864 


- 


1866 


- 


1868 


- 


1868 


- 


1879 


- 


1880 


— 


1808 


1S44 


1844 


1848 


1848 


1851 


1S51 


1866 


1866 


— 


1807 


1840 


1841 


1850 


1850 


1852 


1852 


1 868 


1868 


— 



1 Theology. 



2 Resigned, 1879. Professor Emeritus. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 567 

Faculty as now Constituted} 

Rev. Edwards A. Park, Abbot Professor of Christian Theology. 

Rev. John L. Taylor, Professor Emeritus of Theology and Hom- 
iletics in the Special Course. 

Rev. Austin Phelps, Professor Emeritus of Sacred Rhetoric. 

Rev. John P. Gulliver, Sto7ie Professor of the Relations of Chris- 
tiafiity to Science. 

Rev. Egbert C. Smyth, Brown Professor of Ecclesiastical History. 

Rev. J. Henry Thayer, Associate Professor of Sacred Literature. 

Rev. Charles M. Mead, Hitchcock Professor of the Hebrew Lan- 
guage and Literature. 

Rev. William J. Tucker, Bartlet Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and 
Lecturer on Pastoral Theology. 

Rev. J. Wesley Churchill, Jones Professor of Elocution. 

^ Smith Professor of Theology and Homiletics in the 

Special Course. 

The trustees of the Seminary include those of the Phillips 
Academy. Besides the twelve original members before men- 
tioned in the sketch of the Academy, there are on the Trien- 
nial Catalogue (1870), fifty-two names, which include some of 
the most influential clergymen and laymen of the Trinitarian 
Congregational Church. Of the pastors of Andover, three 
have been trustees : Rev. Justin Edwards, D. D., Rev. Samuel 
C. Jackson, D. D., Rev. John L. Taylor, D. D. The names 
of the laymen, of Andover, are Hon. John Aiken, M. A., 1844 
to 1867, Edward Taylor, Esq., 1867 to the present time. Mr. 
Aiken died in 1867. Respecting his services as a trustee, 
his memorialist^ says: "For every important discussion in 
the sessions of the Board he was prepared as but few of its 
members could be, so that for many years no man can be 
said to have done so much as he toward determining its 
whole policy and action, yet in all that period no member of 
the Board seemed less than he to be aspiring to lead it, or 
more willing than he to be influenced by the judgment of 
others in it, rather than tenacious of his own." 

1 Catalogue of 1879-1880. 

2 Prof. John L. Taylor resigned. 

8 " Memoir of John Aiken," by Rev. John L. Taylor, The Congregational 
Quarterly, July, 1867. ♦ 



568 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Mr. Aiken was a resident of Andover from 1850 till his 
death, in 1867, during which time he was agent for a manu- 
facturing company of Lawrence, in active business, and con- 
ducting, with executive ability, large and important enter- 
prises. But while engaged in practical affairs he kept up the 
scholarly tastes and the religious associations which he had 
formed before his removal to Andover. Born at London- 
derry, N. H., 1797, he graduated at Dartmouth College, 1819 ; 
was tutor in the college, studied law, and after a time entered 
into business in connection with one of the mills at Lowell. 
While there, in 1844, he became a trustee^ of Andover Sem- 
inary. 

Mr. Aiken's eldest son. Rev. Charles A. Aiken, D. D., is 
professor in Princeton Theological Seminary. 

Another son was the late Rev. John F. Aiken. 

The Library of the Seminary, in Brechin Hall, contains 
about thirty-seven thousand volumes, besides the religious 
reviews and periodicals. It has in its collection some rare 
manuscripts, and also a museum of curiosities from foreign 
lands whither missionaries have gone, — idols and gods of 
wood and stone, and emblems of the religious worship of 
various heathen nations, — all of which make it a place of in- 
terest even to a casual visitor. The walls are hung with por- 
traits of the founders and benefactors of the Andover insti- 
tutions of learning, and busts of the professors adorn the 
room, so that here is, as it were before one's eyes, the history 
of Andover Theological Seminary, and we seem to stand in 

1 The late Dea. Peter Smith was elected a trustee in 1870. Not only his 
large donations to the Seminary, but also his personal character and influence 
gave him a claim to this place of honor. Though of modest, unassuming man- 
ners, a plain business man, he yet had the dignity of conscious rectitude and the 
firmness of simple truth. Though not technically a scholar, he was the friend of 
scholars. Interested in great educational and philanthropic enterprises, his 
mind was expanded to embrace the world in plans of beneficence, and yet with- 
out losing sympathy for the humblest charity at home. He inspired the con- 
fidence and respect and won the affection of the men of learning who were his 
associates, as he inspired the confidence and respect and won the affection of the 
most unlettered operative, employe in his mill, or of the little child in the Sunday- 
school. But to recount his virtues or write his biography is beyond our limits. 
His name receives frequent mention in other parts of these sketches. His death 
occurring after the main body of the text is in type, there is only room for this 
brief tribute to his memory. * 




THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 




BRECHIN HALL. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 569 

the very presence of the men whose names are familiar on 
tlie printed page. 

The Seminary printing-press, as it might not improperly 
be called, may here be mentioned, for although in some of its 
aspects it was an industrial enterprise, it was also, especially 
at first, largely an educational and religious force, under the 
supervision of the officers of the Institution. Theologians 
have been actually type-setters in the Andover printing- 
ofifice. When Professor Stuart made his Hebrew Grammar 
he was in daily supervision of the compositors. Through his 
influence and assistance the printing of Oriental languages, 
then new in America, was begun; and there were at An- 
dover types for eleven Eastern languages. In 182 1, Dr. 
Codman made a donation to the Seminary for the purchase 
of Greek and Hebrew types. This was called for him the 
Codman Press. 

In the printers themselves, the Seminary had able and will- 
ing assistants. Messrs. Timothy Flagg and Abraham J. 
Goulfl were in hearty sympathy with the aims of the relig- 
ious and theological institutions which their work was to 
serve, and it was through their unremitting efforts and their 
cordial cooperation with the Faculty of the Seminary that 
the Andover press at that time acquired so high a reputation 
in the educational and rehgious world. Both these partners 
were members of the South Church (Mr. Gould was deacon 
for twenty-three years), and they regarded their printing press 
as a trust, to be used for the service of their religious and 
theological faith. 

It is estimated that the publications at Andover of the 
professors have had a circulation of about four hundred thou- 
sand copies. 1 Here the " Bibliotheca Sacra " (now edited by 
Professor Park) has reached its thirty-seventh volume ; here 
the American Tract Society printed its first tracts. Here 
was started the first temperance newspaper, the " Journal 

^ " There have been," said a speaker in making this statement at the Centen- 
nial celebration, " forty professors, but their wives and daughters, six women, 
have published books which have had a circulation of at least a million copies." 
The women referred to were, probably, the following : Mrs. Margaret Woods 
Lawrence, Mrs. Harriet Woods Baker, Mrs. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Mrs. Sarah 
Stuart Robbins, Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stow^e, Miss Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. 



570 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of Humanity," 1829. Here the "Biblical Repository" was 
printed for a time. 

It is not in place now to give the history of the several 
business firms in charge of this press. In 1833 Mr. Flagg 
died, and was succeeded in the firm by Mr. Mark H. New- 
man, a graduate of Bowdoin College, whose influence was 
still further in the direction of educational culture. The 
press, in 1841, passed from the original proprietors to Messrs. 
Allen, Morrill, and Wardwell, afterward to Mr. John D. 
Flagg, and in 1854 it came into the hands of the present 
proprietor, Mr. Warren F. Draper, who is largely engaged in 
the publication of theological and educational works. 

Following are some biographical memoranda of the pro- 
fessors who have been longest connected with the Seminary 
and chiefly identified with Andover : — 

A Summary of Biographical Memoranda of Professors of the The- 
ological Seminary, long^ Residents of Andover. 

Prof. Leonard Woods, D. D., was born at Princeton, Mass., 
June 19, 1774. He graduated at Harvar(> College 1796 ; taught 
school at Medford ; united with the church there ; studied for the 
ministry with Dr. Backus, of Somers, Conn. ; was ordained 1798 
pastor of church at West Newbury, Mass. ; inaugurated professor 
in Andover Theological Seminary September 28, 1808 ; resigned 
1846 \ died August 24, 1854. Dr, Woods married Abigail 
Wheeler, daughter of Joseph Wheeler, Judge of Probate for 
Worcester. They had ten children, four sons and six daughters. 

The sons were : Mr. Samuel Woods, merchant, resident in Pitts- 
ford, Vt., about eighty years old in 1878, the oldest alumnus of 
Phillips Academy present at the Centennial celebration ; Mr. 
Joseph Woods, who died at the age of twenty-five, while studying 
for the ministry \ Pres. Leonard Woods, D. D., LL. D., Professor 
in Bangor Theological Seminary, President of Bowdoin College, 
who died 1878 \ Rev. Daniel Woods, a graduate of Andover Theo- 
logical Seminary, a teacher in Pennsylvania and Ohio. 

The daughters of Professor Woods were : Mary Woods, married 
to Prof. Thomas Mather Smith, D. D., of Kenyon College, and 
mother of Rev. John Cotton Smith ; Abby Woods, married to 
Richard Salter, M. D. ; Margaret Woods, married to Rev. E. A. 
Lawrence, D. D. ; she wrote " Light on the Dark River ; " Harriet 
1 Twenty years or more ; also those who died in office. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 57 1 

Woods, married to Rev. Abijah R. Baker, D. D. ; she is the au- 
thor of nearly two hundred Sunday-school books; Sarah Woods ; 
Sophia Woods, married to the Rev. William V>. Hayden. 

Prof. Moses Stuart was born at Wilton, Conn., March 26, 
1780 ; graduated at Yale College 1797 ; studied law ; read theology 
with Rev. Dr. Dwight ; was ordained pastor of church in New 
Haven 1806 ; inaugurated professor at Andover February 28, 
1810 ; resigned 1848 ; died January 4, 1852. Professor Stuart 
married Abigail Clark, daughter of James Clark, of Danbury, 
Conn. They had four sons and five daughters. One of the sons 
died at an early age. 

The three sons who lived to manhood were : Prof. Isaac Stuart, 
graduate of Yale College, Professor of Ancient Languages in Col- 
lege of South Carolina, author of many books ; James C. Stuart, 
M. D., of Syracuse, N. Y. ; Moses Stuart, graduate of Yale Col- 
lege, who died soon after graduation, while studying law. 

The daughters who lived to womanhood were : Elizabeth Stuart 
(" H..Trusta"), married to Prof. Austin Phelps, D. D. ; Sarah 
Stuart (author of the " Win and Wear " Series, and contributions 
to the " Congregationalist," " Reminiscences of Old Andover 
Days "), married to Prcf. R. D. C. Robbins ; Mary Stuart, mar- 
ried to Prof. Austin Phelps ; Abby Stuart, married to Rev, George 
H. Anthony. 

Prof. Ebenezer Porter, D. D., son of Captain Thomas Por- 
ter, was born at Cornwall, Conn., October 5, 1772 ; graduated at 
Dartmouth College 1792 ; valedictorian ; taught school in Wash- 
ington, Conn. ; was called to the charge of the church in that town ; 
ordained September 6, 1796 ; elected to the chair of Sacred Rhet- 
oric in Andover Seminary 181 1 ; was President temporarily. He 
was almost the entire time of his professorship in infirm health. 
He died April 8, 1834. Dr. Porter married Lucy P. Merwin, the 
daughter of Rev. Noah Merwin, of Washington, Conn. 

Prof. Ralph Emerson, D. D., was born at Hollis, N. H., Au- 
gust 18, 1787. His father was deacon of the First Church, his 
grandfather pastor. He graduated at Yale College 181 1 ; was tutor 
1814 to 1816; ordained, 1816, pastor of a church in Norfolk, 
Conn. ; inaugurated professor in Andover Theological Seminary 
1829 ; resigned 1853 ; went to live in Newburyport ; subsequently 
removed to the West; died at Rockford, 111., May 20, 1863, aged 
76. He had six sons and three daughters. 

The sons : Rev. Daniel Emerson, Prof. Joseph Emerson, Rock- 
well Emerson, Esq., counsellor, New York, Rev. Samuel Emerson, 
Mr. Porter Emerson, Mr. Ralph Emerson (Rockford, 111.). 



572 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

The daughters : Mary Emerson, married to Prof. Joseph Haven, 
D. D. ; Elizabeth Emerson, married to Rev. Simon J. Humphrey ; 
Charlotte Emerson, teacher in Rockford Seminary, 111. 

Prof. Bela Bates Edwards, D. D., was born at Southampton, 
Mass., 1802 ; graduated at Amherst College 1824 ; was tutor in the 
college, Assistant Secretary of the American Education Society, 
and editor of " American Quarterly and Bibliotheca Sacra ; " was 
elected Professor of Hebrew in Andover Seminary in 1837, of Bib- 
lical Literature 1848; died at Athens, Ga., April 20, 1852. His 
body was buried in the chapel cemetery at Andover. Professor 
Edwards married Jerusha W. Billings, daughter of Charles E. Bil- 
lings, of Conway, Mass. Their two sons died, one in childhood, 
one in early manhood, while a student at Yale College. Both bore 
the same name, George Edwards. The daughter, Sarah B. Ed- 
wards, was married to Rev. William Edwards Park. Mrs. Ed- 
wards, after the death of Professor Edwards, resided in Andover, 
taking charge of a small family school for young ladies, with a 
view of aiding her son in obtaining his education. 

Prof. Edwards A. Park, son of Prof. Calvin A. Park, was born 
at Providence, R. I. He graduated at Brown University 1826 ; at 
Andover Theological Seminary 1831 ; was ordained pastor of a 
church at Braintree, Mass., December, 183 1 ; elected to the chair 
of Sacred Rhetoric in Andover Theological Seminary 1836 ; to the 
chair of Christian Theology 1847. Professor Park married Anne 
Maria Edwards, born at Northampton, daughter of Mr. William 
Edwards, great-granddaughter of Pres. Jonathan Edwards. 

Their children : one son and two daughters ; one daughter died 
in infancy ; the other resides with her parents. Professor Park's 
son. Rev. William Edwards Park, is pastor of a church at Glovers- 
ville, N. Y. 

Prof. Austin Phelps, D. D., was born at West Brookfield, 
Mass. ; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania 1837 ; at the 
Theological Seminary of Yale College 1839 ; was resident student 
in Andover Theological Seminary 1842 ; elected Professor of 
Sacred Rhetoric 1848; resigned 1879. Professor Phelps married 
Elizabeth Stuart, who died 1852, Mary Stuart, who died 1856 (both 
were daughters of Professor Stuart), Mary Johnson, daughter of 
Mr. Samuel Johnson, of Boston, sister of Rev. Francis H. John- 
son, of Andover. 

The eldest son is the Rev. Moses Stuart Phelps, Professor of 
Philosophy in Smith College. The second son, Rev. Lawrence 
Phelps, pastor in Barton, Vt. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 573 

The only daughter is Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, author of " Gates 
Ajar," " Hedged in," and other works. 

The younger sons are : Francis Johnson Phelps, a student in 
Yale College. Edward Phelps, a student in Phillips Academy. 

Prof. Elijah Porter Barrows was not a resident of Andover 
for the length of time which has been selected to define the word 
" long " in these notes, but his family associations were largely with 
the town. All his five sons but one were students of Phillips 
Academy, and three daughters were members of Abbot Academy. 

Nathan Barrows, M. D., graduate of Cleveland Medical School 
1855, was a teacher in Phillips Academy. Prof. Allen C. Barrows 
fitted for college at Phillips Academy ; gradua.ted at Western Re- 
serve College 1861 ; served in the Eighteenth United States Infan- 
try, 1861 to 1864, as a soldier from Andover; w^as teacher of Latin 
and Greek at Phillips Academy 1864 to 1866 ; has been professor 
in Western Reserve College ; and is pastor in Kent, O. Elijah P. 
Barrows died at Andover, 1864. Mr. William E. Barrows and 
Franklin Barrows are in mercantile business. 

Of five daughters three are married : Fanny L. Barrows, married 
to Rev. Thomas Dagget ; Martha P. Barrows, to Prof. C. H. Hitch- 
cock, of Dartmouth College ; Sarah M. Barrows, to Edward Dum- 
mer, Esq., of Boston. 



CHAPTER X. 

MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 

The mill is the first industrial enterprise of which there is 
any record. Before mention is made of planting corn, im- 
proving land, or any industry whatever, the saw-mill is spoken 
of. This was a necessity preparatory to the building of 
dwellings, and also an important source of income, the set- 
tlers in the inland plantations sometimes doing a consider- 
able business in the sale of lumber, which was floated down 
the rivers and exported to the Barbadoes, in exchange for car- 
goes of West India goods. There are records which show 
that Mr. Simon Bradstreet carried on trade of this sort, buy- 
ing lumber for export in various places. He is said, by some 
writers, to have built the first saw-mill at North Andover, on 
the Cochichawick, in 1644. But of this I find no record. 
The first mill mentioned in the town records, 1661, is spoken 
of as having been built by the town, the " first comers of in- 
habitants " who were at the charges of purchasing the planta- 
tion and building the minister's house, the mill, and the meet- 
ing-house." 

The first mill-owner, of whom mention has been found in 
written records, is Joseph Parker. He died in 1678, leaving 
his " corne-mill on the Cochichawick," valued at twenty 
pounds, to his son Joseph. 

Stephen Johnson owned a saw-mill. He was granted by 
the town in 1671 "so much old seader timber as would make 
twentie thousand of shingles, and, in 1672, timber to make 
ten thousand shingles of cedar already cut down." 

It is believed that Joseph Parker's mill-privilege was at or 
above the present site of the Stevens mills. In 1684, this 
mill was appraised at one hundred pounds. In 1699, it is 
referred to in the records as "y® old mill which was formerly 
Joseph Parker's." 



ISriLLS AND MAaWUFACTURES. 575 

In 1695, liberty was granted "to set up a saw-mill on Co- 
chichawick river, about three or four rods above y^ lower 
ford, on condition that this do not stop the passage of the 
fish called alewives." 

The owners of this mill-privilege were Corp\ Samuel Os- 
good, John Abbot, Jr., Thomas Abbot, Sen"'., Joseph Chand- 
ler, and Henry Chandler. The grants, in various places, of 
lands and timber for the encouragement of men to build saw- 
mills and grist-mills were numerous for more than fifty years 
from the settlement of the town. Hardly a stream or brook 
of any size that was not put in requisition by the settlers as 
water-power for grinding or sawing. To trace all these and 
their various owners would be a long and profitless task for 
general information, although it is a matter of interest some- 
times for individuals to know the history of the water-power 
in their vicinity or on their estates. Sawing wood for shin- 
gles was a profitable business, and there was such a demand 
for them in the town that the inhabitants were forbidden to 
sell them out of town without special permission. 

" No man shall cut- any shingles to sell out of town till they 
have liberty of the selectmen," was a vote in 1670. But the 
same year the town voted "to grant Mr. Walker and 'John 
Hazelton (of Bradford) to get 15 or 16 thousand of seader 
shingles, or so many as will cover their meeting-house, pro- 
vided they cut down no trees, but take such as are cut down 
already." 

And again, " Granted to Mr. John Rogers, minister of Ips- 
wich, to get so many seder shingles as will repair his house, 
provided he cut down no trees." 

In 1686, Henry Ingals, Jr., was granted "liberty to set up 
a saw-mill on Musketo Brook, below Boston meadow- way, 
and Henry Holt to sett up a saw-mill on Ladle-Meadow 
Brook." 

In 1 71 5, Henry Gray had a mill for grinding scythes on or 
"near Scoonk river," and other mills for grist and timber 
were in operation. In the year 1753, Humphrey Holt sold 
to Asa Abbot " one half of a saw-mill erected on Shashin 
river, so called, and near the Pine Plaine, called Preston's 
Plain, with the Intrest and Privilidge of one quarter part of 



576 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

the Dam built across said river for the use of s'^ mill and the 
Grist-mill adjoyning thereto, with Liberty to lay Timber and' 
Boards on the Land (of William Chandler, late of Andover, 
deceased) adjoyning to said mill, and also to carie Timber 
and Boards to and from s"^ Mill across said Land, as there 
shall be Necessary Ocation in the use and Improvement of 
said Mill and dam as there shall be ocation forever, which s*^ 
Mill & Privileges thereoff [he] did purchase of s*^ William 
Chandler, Dec*^." 

In 1764, Asa Abbot sold this interest in the saw-mill to 
Nathan Abbot. 

In 1786, Asa Abbot, Jr., conveyed a part of the same prop- 
erty to Nehemiah Abbot, — one fourth " part of the saw-mill 
that stands on Shawshin river, near Timothy Ballard's Dwell- 
ing-house." 

In 1794, Timothy Ballard owned a mill-privilege, probably 
the same. This was the early " improvement " of the water- 
power at Ballardvale. 

An interesting relic of a grist-mill, of considerable impor- 
tance to Andover people who lived in the west part of the 
town, and of profit to its owner, is a petition (dated May 27, 
1752) of James Kittredge, of Tewksbury, to the General 
Court, in which he shows that about twenty-seven years be- 
fore he " erected a Grist-mill and built a Dam across Shawshin 
River," in the part of Billerica afterward Tewksbury. He says 
that the people of the neighboring towns, Wilmington and 
Andover, had "great dependence" on his mill. He states 
that he has been sued for damage in flowing land, and relates 
in full his grievances, which, however, are of no special inter- 
est at the present time. The petition is signed by citizens 
of several towns interested in the mill. In Andover were : 
Samuel Bailey, Samuel Bailey, Jr., Joseph Blanchard, Obadiah 
Johnson, Thomas Hagget, residents of the West Parish. 

Most of the ancient saw and grist mills have disappeared 
from the town. They are, however, of sufficiently recent op- 
eration for every country-bred reader of these sketches, who 
is of adult age, to recall some one or more : the unpainted, 
weather-beaten building on the bank of the mill-stream ; piles 
of cedar wood, or pine slabs blockading the door ; rafts of 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 577 

logs darkening the mill-pond ; the dash of waters on the in- 
cessant wheel ; the harsh grind of the saw deeper and deeper 
into the heart of the nionarchs of the forest ; the meal-bags 
standing on end, or piled sidewise, their distended bellies a 
temptation to nibbling mice ; the dusty miller, lord of the 
noisy domain, gossiping with the farmers, or lifting up their 
youngsters to look into the corn-hopper ; the pleasant rustic 
scenes about the mill ; the woods of pine, hemlock, spruce, 
and birch, or the sturdier oak, cedar, and maple ; the coves 
in the stream covered with lily-leaves, pickerel-weed, and 
arrowhead, or fringed with cardinal flowers and dodder, where, 
in the shade, the perch and bass, or the speckled trout lie, 
and the angler practises his " noble art," while sleepy turtles 
sun themselves in rows on some log, rabbit and squirrel 
scampering in the leaves on the shore, partridge drumming 
in the wood, and pigeon and quail whirring through the 
bushes, — all these associations are familiar to the lover of 
country-life who has ever carried grist to mill. 

Early in the town's history, at the same time with and 
often a part of the saw-mill and grist-mill, was the fulling- 
mill, where the cloth, home-spun and woven, was finished and 
pressed. Spinning was an important branch of labor. At 
one time, the towns were obliged by law to have a certain 
amount of spinning done, according to the number of in- 
habitants. The women and children were much employed 
in this work. In 173 i, spinning-schools were established in 
Boston, and, after the Revolution, when imported goods were 
prohibited by the patriotic sentiment, the art of spinning re- 
vived. The town of Andover, in 1787, made an appeal "to 
the good sense and virtuous dispositions of the female sex, 
to the younger as well as the elder, that they would, by their 
engaging example, economy, and simplicity in dress, giving 
preference to that clothing which is produced from our flocks 
and from our own fields encourage home industries." 

A relic of the spinning-wheel (about the Revolutionary 
period) is the following: — 

37 



578 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" Mrs. HoJfs Receipt for Spinning and Weaving. 

"Mrs. Abbot. The spinning of seventy-two skeins ^ s. d. 

comes to o. i8. o 

The weaving of nineteen yards comes to o. 7- ^^ 

The whole i. 5. ii 

Rec'd the contents of the above in full. Amy Holt." 

Many such a "spinster"^ had preceded Amy Holt in An- 
dover, and if some of the ancient spinning-wheels which, in 
the revival of old fashions, have lately been brought out of 
the dust of garrets, could be understood in their humming, 
they would perhaps tell such tales of the Amys and Dor- 
cases of our town as that told by the poet of the Puritan 
maiden at her wheel : — 

" Then as he opened the door, he beheld the form of the maiden 
Seated beside her wheel, and the carded wool like a snow-drift 
Piled at her knee, her white hands feeding the ravenous spindle, 
While with her foot on the treadle she guided the wheel in its motion. 

She rose as he entered and gave him her hand in signal of welcome 
Saying, I knew it was you, when I heard your step in the passage, 
For I was thinking of you as I sat there singing and spinning." 

In a paper labelled a '' Perticular Account of the Tilings 
that Phebe Has Received att & since her Going aivay," Ando- 
ver, July 2, 1765, are mentioned : " One Linning Wheel, One 
Wooling Wheel, Fine cloth, 16 yd of Diripee, 48 yd of Toe 
Cloth, 26 yd of Cotton & Linning, 20 yd of Linning, 24 yd 
of Bed-ticken." 

The business of wea.ving was also carried on, not only in a 
domestic way, but as a trade by many skilled workmen, who 
took orders for much cloth which was carried to be finished 
at the fulling-mills. Such skilled weavers, familiar with the 
operations of cloth manufacture in the old country, were the 
men who first put in operation the fulling-mills and clothing- 
mills in the colony, and were the pioneers in the manufac- 
turing industries of the country, — some of them becoming 
owners, and others managers of the mills for men who fur- 
nished the capital. The first of these weavers, of whom men- 

1 Spinster, a woman who spins. — IVebste?-. 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 579 

tion is found in Andover, was Richard Sutton. He was only 
a short time resident in the town, removing before there was 
any action taken to give encouragement for a fulling-mill. 
It is not improbable that if he had remained he would have 
undertaken this industry, as he was not without means to do 
so. It is an interesting coincidence, already noted, that his 
descendants, after the lapse of two hundred years, not know- 
ins: of this brief residence of their ancestor, should have 
established the name in the town, and the business of man- 
ufacturing, which, in its simpler forms, was not unlikely to 
have been begun by him had he remained a resident. 

In 1673, Walter Wright and Edurard Whittington, weavers, 
were granted encouragement for setting up a fulling-mill. 

" Granted to Edward Whittington and Walter Wright the above- 
said land (by William Ballard's), with more adjoining thereto, for 
the encouragement of erecting a fulling-mill, which they promise to 
set about in y* spring." 

Edward Whittington was drafted for service in the Indian 
war with the Narragansets, in 1675, and it is not unlikely 
that the building of the mill was postponed or abandoned for 
that reason. It took a good deal of time and much encour- 
agement to get such an enterprise started. The town, how- 
ever, seemed determined to have a fulling-mill : — 

" 1682. Granted libertie to any man y' y^ towne or committee 
they shall chose to sett up a saw-mill, fulling-mill, and grist-mill 
upon Shawshin river near Roger's Brooke, to take up twenty acres 
of land adjoining to y'' sd place, and to enjoye it y*^ same forever, 
with f privileges of a townsman. Capt. Dudley Bradstreet, Left. 
Jno Osgood, Ensign Thomas Chandler, Dea. John ffrie, Sen., John 
Stevens are chosen a committee to act in this affair to make arti- 
cles with such person or persons as they shall judge fitt." 

So far as the writer can make out from the records, it 
seems that the persons who did actually set up and put in 
operation the long talked-of fulling-mill were Joseph and 
John Ballard. Their names have not been found mentioned 
as weavers, and it may be that they furnished the capital for 
Walter Wright, who was a permanent resident of the town 
and is always designated as " weaver." 



58o HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

" 1689. Voted, that y"^ twenty acres of Land granted to a mill on 
Shawshin River shall be enjoyed by Joseph and John Ballard and 
their heirs soe long as they shall keep up a grist and fulling-mill 
for y" good and benefit of the Town, and in case by y^ providence 
of sfod, s*^ mills or dam should come to such casualtie as to be 
wholly spoyled, and they repair it not within three years after such 
casualty, then s*^ land to Revert to the Towne." 

In 1 71 8, Samuel Frye built a saw and grist-mill on the 
Shawshin, at the place called from him and his descendants 
Frye village. His son added to this a fulling-mill. During 
the Revolutionary period, Mr. Theophilus Frye was a miller 
and clothier at this place. 

As early as 1689 encouragement was given for the erection 
of " Iron-works," 

" Voted, that y" town will allowe such incourageraent, both of 
woodland and mine, toward y'' setting up of iron-works as may be 
most convenient to y^ towne, and not damnif3'e y** mill upon Shaw- 
shin river." 

Thomas Chandler owned iron-works, and the Lovejoys had 
iron-works on the Shawshin River, supposed to have been 
near the site of the present Marland Mills, 

Such, in brief, is an outline of the beginnings of the manu- 
facturing operations which have, in a modified, or, rather, 
amplified form, continued until the present time ; the fulling- 
mill being the parent of the clothing-mill and the manufac- 
tory ; the iron-works of the foundry and machine-shop. 

The first mill which was a manufactory proper, and which 
gave a name abroad to Andover as a manufacturing town, 
was the powder-mill of Mr. Samuel Phillips, built in the 
winter of 1775-6. Its history has been traced in connection 
with the Revolutionary War, It was in operation in March, 
1775, and turning out gunpowder for the use of the Conti- 
nental army before any other mill in the State was ready for 
work. This mill stood north of the present Marland Mills, 
on the same side of the Shawshin River. It was continued 
for twenty years with profit to the owners ; but the dangers 
and risks were great, and the local unpopularity of the manu- 
facture, after the death of several persons by repeated explo- 
'sions, led to its discontinuance, — the immediate necessity 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. "^^l 

and profit of it having passed away with the return of peace. 
The manufacture of paper was gradually substituted for that 
of gunpowder, the operations beginning in 1789, in the pow- 
der-mill, during a temporary suspension of the powder-making. 
Mr. Phillips began this manufacture, having, as a superin- 
tendent of the paper-works, Mr. Thomas Houghton, who had 
been a paper manufacturer in England. He having been 
involved in a lawsuit in regard to what he regarded as an 
unjust tax on his paper had become embarrassed, and had 
finally failed in his business and quitted the country. After 
looking about some time in the United States, he came to 
Andover and entered into an engagement with Judge Phil- 
lips. Interesting letters which he wrote home have been 
preserved, from which extracts have been made in a former 
chapter. It may not be out of place to quote here briefly 
from these papers to show the courage and fortitude and faith 
of this man who had been broken down in his fortunes, exiled 
from his country, and separated from all his kindred. His 
example might be a lesson and a help to many, who, in the 
vicissitudes of business fortunes, find themselves at middle 
or advanced life without business or capital, and almost with- 
out credit, and with a family to provide for. Thomas Hough- 
ton's letters to his wife and his sons are full of patience and 
resignation, while at the same time they bear witness to his 
diligent endeavors to retrieve his fortunes. To his wife he 
writes : — 

" Do, my dear Life, endeavor to reconcile thyself to the dispen- 
sation of Providence, for we are told ' that a sparrow does not fall 
without the special permission of our heavenly Father, and the 
very hairs of our head are numbered.' Consequently, not any 
event happens to the children of men, but what he permits, and all 
for their final good ; for one of the greatest poets says : ' What- 
ever is, is best.' Therefore I trust it will be for our final good 
that we have been afflicted, and may truly say, — 

" Father, I bless thy chastening hand. 
How kind was thy chastising rod." 

But his trust in a Supreme Ruler of events did not prevent 
him from active exertions to better his condition and to build 
up a successful business at Andover. In regard to the hopes 



582 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

which inspired him, of the ultimate success of the enterprise 
of paper-making, he writes : — 

"Mr. Phillips has so much interest in the State and is a man of 
such consequence in it that I flatter myself we shall have advan- 
tages that other paper-makers cannot enjoy. The State printers 
have promised Mr. Phillips their custom. I am informed they 
will take at least to the amount of ^1200 a year of us. He has 
also great interest, both in Boston, Cambridge, and Salem, and 
many other places." 

The paper-making operations, as has been said, were first 
begun in the powder-mill, there being no work going on at 
the time. Mr. Houghton understood that he was to have 
full possession of the powder-mill until the paper-mill should 
be ready for running ; but while he was getting things ready 
for work, an order for powder was received. Whereupon, 
the foreman of the powder-mill came in and ordered Mr. 
Houghton to take away his engines and apparatus, and leave 
the room for the gunpowder-making. This interference, which 
threatened to ruin his undertakings, Mr. Houghton greatly 
resented. He wrote a letter to Mr. Phillips, threatening to 
dissolve partnership and quit the paper-works. Mr. Phillips, 
however, settled the difficulty, and the work of building the 
paper-mill, which had been under way for three months, was 
hastened. This was June, 1789. Mr. Houghton, in April, 
1789, had written respecting the mill and his connection with 
Mr. Phillips the following in a letter to his family: — 

" The mill is planned and preparation getting forward for Build- 
ing as fast as possible. She is to have two engines and two vats, 
one for writing and printing, the other for common paper." 

. . . . " Mr. Phillips builds the mill and I am to manage the 
work. My care and management is to stand against the Rent and 
we are to share profits equally." 

The following inventory or description of the paper-mill is 
among the manuscripts of Mr. Phillips. It bears no date, but 
was evidently written near the time of the erection of the 
mill : — 

" A building occupied as a Paper Mill, 36 by 32 feet, with two 
vats upon the ground floor, which have a Cast Iron pot in each of 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 5^3 

them, sunk into Brick chimneys, for heating the vats. The first 
floor has two- engines for beating-stuff, a room for dressing rags, 
with a brick chimney and fire place, also two other rooms for rags. 
The second floor is occupied for a Rag ware-house. 

"Another building connected to the mill by a covered passage 
way of 20 ft. long, used for drying and keeping paper before fin- 
ished, 20 by 24 feet, at the end next the mill ; a part of the dry- 
ing-house is taken off for a finishing room, 27 by 24 feet, in which 
is a cast-iron stove used in the winter season. At one side of the 
finishing-room is a sizing copper set with bricks and brick chimney. 
Another building 35 feet from the mill, that is 24 ft. by 20, for 
Rags and finished paper. Another building, 131 feet from the 
mill, 20 by 13 ft., for Rope and other lumber. No other building 
near on the same side of the river. A Grist Mill upon the oppo- 
site side of the river, at about 140 feet distance." 

Mr. Houghton, in one of his letters, speaks of the difificulty 
of obtaining competent workmen : " I wish I could have one 
or two good hands from England. The wages is a great 
inducement ; for good ones, used to writing-paper in every 
stage, we would give 15 shillings per week and board, or 
15 shillings per week and an addition equal to board." He 
says, also, that there is a scarcity of paper rags, but that the 
people have been instructed to save them. A specimen of 
the kind of instruction given is found in the " Massachusetts 
Spy," November 26, 1778, in regard to the paper-mill in Sut- 
ton. It is an interesting item in regard to the origin of the 
" rag-bag," that time-honored institution in the New England 
household : — 

" It is earnestly requested that the fair daughters of Liberty in 
this extensive country would not neglect to serve their country by 
saving, for the Paper Mill in Sutton, all Linen and Cotton-and-Linen 
Rags, be they ever so small, as they are equally good for the pur- 
pose of making paper as those that are larger. A bag hung up at 
one corner of a room would be the means of saving many which 
would be otherwise lost. If the ladies should not make a fortune 
by that piece of economy, they will at least have the satisfaction of 
knowing that they are doing an essential service to the community, 
which, with eight pence per pound, the price now given for clean 
white rags, they must be sensible will be a sufficient reward." 



584 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AN DOVER. 

The paper-works at Andover were not at first so profitable 
as had been anticipated. The difficulties in getting started 
were great, and other manufactories in the vicinity came into 
competition with the Andover paper-mill, and the modes of 
doing business, — the facilities for putting the paper in the 
market, were not such as Mr. Houghton had been used to in 
the old country. He writes home : — 

" I had many difficulties to encounter, .... so that even now 
(July 24, 1 791), the whole works have been but little more than a 
year at work ; and from the credit we are forced to give, and the 
stock kept to supply our customers, I am still considerably indebted 
to my Honorable partner ; for here is not Stationers, as in Eng- 
land, to take our paper as soon as made, but we must keep assorted 
stock by us. Ours at this time, in paper of different qualities, is 
not less than three thousand dollars. Our rags and utensils is not 
less than a thousand more, and I dare say we have given credit to 
the amount of nearly two thousand ; therefore I must be at this 
time pretty largely indebted to the manufactor}'. Here is many 
paper-mills erected within about twenty miles to thirty miles of us, 
and they have since we began both advanced the price of rags and 
lowered the price of paper ; nevertheless, I dare say that, if it 
please God to spare my life, and that of my Honble partner, a few 
years, we shall do very well, for our customers are of the best 
sort." 

He speaks of his prudent and economical habits, and his 
avoidance of needless expense : — 

"I keep no company, go to no neighbors' houses, except Judge 
Phillips's ; neither do I spend sixpence on a tavern in six months, 
neither do I wish to do it; but I hope it will not be long before I 
have my share clear. I wait impatiently for that much-desired 
period, and hope it is not far distant." 

Mr. Houghton, in his religious connection, was a Friend 
or Quaker. His expressions of pious feeling make a large 
part of his letters. His moralizings on the labors of men to 
heap up uncertain riches are instructive and pertinent to the 
present time : — 

" And although it has pleased Almighty God to bring us down 
in this life from an envied to an humble state, yet I trust it will in 
the end work together for our good and his glory ; for we may truly 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURBIS. 5^5 

say that we have toiled and moiled, early and late, with a view to 
obtain a little worldly wealth to support us in our old age, and to 
help us place our offspring creditably in the world ; yet we have 
experienced what the inspired prophet says : — 

" ' That if we rise before the sun, 

And work and toil when day is done, 
Careful and sparing eat our bread, 
To shun that poverty we dread, 
'T is all in vain till God has blest ; 
He can make rich and give us rest." 

After a year or two the business began to prosper, and, in 
1795, Mr. Houghton became a partner. His son succeeded 
him. After the death of Judge Phillips, his son, Col. John 
Phillips, was partner. In 181 1 the mill was burned, but re- 
built. In 1820 Colonel Phillips died, and the mill property 
passed into other hands. Paper manufacturing was carried 
on by Messrs. Amos Blanchard, Daniel Poor, and Abel 
Blanchard. The mill and privilege were ultimately purchased 
by the Marland Manufacturing Company for woollen manu- 
factures, and the manufacture of paper ceased. 

About 1789 the era of woollen manufactures began in New 
England. The Federal Government being established on a 
firm foundation, capitalists directed their attention to the 
encouragement of home manufactures, and emigrants from 
the old country sought in the United States an opportunity 
to become rich and influential, as they might be, by connect- 
ing their skilled labor with American capital. Among the 
emigrants were the brothers, Arthur, John, and James Schol- 
field. The name of Arthur Scholfield is famous in the history 
of woollen manufactures. He made, and in part invented, 
carding machines superior to any then known in the coun- 
try. He constructed them from his remembrance of those 
in England, with the aid of some pieces which he succeeded 
in smuggling. He set a machine in operation in the mill at 
Byfield, under management of the first incorporated manu- 
facturing company in New England. He afterward went 
with his patron, Mr. Samuel Slater, to Pittsfield, and there 
made the first fine broadcloth in the country. The Schol- 
fields bought land at North Andover, and mill-privileges on 
the Cochichawick, and on the Shawshin, near its junction 



586 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

with the Merrimack. At the latter place, Stephen Poor had 
had a clothing-mill about 1800. James Scholfield set up one 
of the improved carding-machines made by his brother Ar- 
thur Scholfield, and carried on the business of making fine 
woollen goods in a small wooden building on the Cochicha- 
wick. He did a considerable business, and his mill was made 
use of by the country people around, to get their wool carded 
for domestic spinning and weaving, as well as to furnish fine 
goods. But he lacked the capital needed to carry on the 
manufacture extensively, and in 181 2 he sold out his business 
and engaged to manage the mills erected by Mr. Nathaniel 
Stevens at the mill privilege further up the stream. 

Messrs. Abel and Paschal Abbot, of Andover (South Par- 
ish), bought the mill privilege, land and buildings, of James 
and Arthur Scholfield, and, erecting a larger mill, carried on 
the manufacturing about a year, and then sold (18 13) to 
Abraham Marland and Isaac Osgood, who, after a year, sold 
to Samuel Ayer. In 1826, the property fell, by foreclosure 
of a mortgage (Samuel Ayer having failed, become deeply in- 
volved in debt, and quitted the town) to Mr. William Sutton, 
of Danvers. 

In this mill of Mr. Marland, and in other early mills of the 
Andovers, it was the custom for the wives and daughters of 
the managers and owners to work, just as it had been for them 
to spin or weave, or perform domestic service, in their 
homes. 

From the foregoing, it appears that among the first woollen 
manufactures with the improved machinery that marked the 
beginning of the era of New England manufactures, was that 
undertaken by the inventors of the machinery at North An- 
dover, in what is now known as the district of Sutton's Mills 
on the Cochichawick, near its junction with the Merrimack. 
The course of this manufactory to the present time we will 
now trace, although, meanwhile, others were started which 
have been more continuously in operation. 

As was said, the original movers in the enterprise aban- 
doned it. Samuel Ayer failed, and' the mill did not wholly 
prosper until it passed into the hands of its present owners. 
Mr. William Sutton, being a gentleman of ample fortune, as 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 5^7 

well as of great business activity and judgment, at once re- 
vived the woollen manufactures in the mill which had fallen 
into his hands. He put in power-looms, which had largely- 
supplanted the hand-looms in the progress of manufactures, 
and had effected a revolution in the mills throughout the 
country. Mr. Sutton was a resident of Danvers, president of 
the bank, and otherwise of large business connections, but he 
kept constant oversight of the mill, and by his wise manage- 
ment insured the success of the business. At his death, in 
1832, he left this flourishing business in charge of his sons, 
Mr. William Sutton and Mr. Eben Sutton. 

Mr. Eben Sutton died in 1864, aged sixty-one years. His 
death was sincerely mourned by the great company of oper- 
atives and employes, in whose welfare he had taken a cordial 
interest, as well as lamented by his friends, the influential 
citizens of Danvers, Salem, and the Andovers. In regard to 
his conduct of these large business operations, an obituary 
notice says : — 

" By his sagacious management and persevering industry, he 
was enabled to accumulate a princely fortune, and, inheriting a 
handsome property from his father, he has probably left one of the 
larsfest fortunes in Massachusetts." 

Gen. William Sutton, in 1865, relinquished the charge of 
the mills to his son. Gen. Eben Sutton, of New York, who 
became a resident of North Andover, first on the homestead 
of the Hon. Gayton P. Osgood, and afterward at North An- 
dover Centre, on the place purchased by him from Mr. Arm- 
strong Farnham. He is now the sole proprietor of the mills. 
The cordial good feeling which characterized the relations of 
his ancestors with the operatives continues with the present 
proprietor, whose hearty interest and generous donations 
have greatly contributed to the comfort and improvement of 
the tenants of the manufacturing village. 

The Sutton Mill at present employs about one hundred and 
thirty operatives, and manufactures into flannel about 450,000 
pounds of wool per annum. 

Gen. Eben Sutton also now owns the mill above the first 
one on the stream, — that known as the North Andover Mill. 



588 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AND OVER. 

Its history to the time when Mr. Sutton took control is 
briefly as follows. 

Soon after Mr. William Sutton began manufacturing at the 
lower mill privilege of the Cochichawick, Mr. George Hodges, 
of Salem, came to North Andover, and in 1828, with Mr. Ed- 
ward Franker, commenced the manufacture of white flannels 
in the old stone mill near the present brick mill. In 1839 the 
new mill was put in operation. It was owned by a company 
consisting of Mr. Eben Sutton, Dr. Joseph Kittredge, and 
Capt. George Hodges. After the death of Dr. Kittredge, in 
1847, Mr. Sutton bought out the other owners, Captain 
Hodges continuing the manufacturing with his son, Mr. 
Frank Hodges, till i860, when Mr. George Hodges, Jr., and 
Mr. Samuel L. Hodges, leased the mill, and, with Mr. Frank 
Hodges, formed the firm of Hodges Brothers. Owing to the 
death of Mr. Frank Hodges, in 1865, the company was dis- 
solved, but the mill was run for a time by Mr. George Hodges. 
In 1847 he had removed to Oxford, where he carried on 
manufacturing, and where he now resides. Mr. Samuel L. 
Hodges removed to Leicester in 1849, ^^'^'^ engaged in man- 
ufacturing, which he continued for twenty-five years. 

Capt. George Hodges was one of the most honored citizens 
of North Andover ; his name synonymous with integrity and 
high-mindedness. Chosen to offices of trust in the town, rep- 
resentative to the General Court and State Senator, he filled 
every office with dignity and wisdom. The following obit- 
uary notice (dated December 6, 1862) relates the particulars 
of his death, and shows the esteem in which he was held : — 

" Hon. George Hodges, of North Andover, the well-known man- 
ufacturer, met with an accident on Wednesday last, which on Sat- 
urday closed a long, useful, and honorable life. He fell while 
descending a flight of stairs in a building in Andover, where he 
had been to attend to some business in the insurance office, break- 
ing the bones of his left elbow in a dreadful manner. He bore up, 
under the operation of extracting the fractured bones and setting 
the arm, with cheerful courage and Christian fortitude ; but being 
in years (almost reaching his seventy-first), and of large frame and 
great weight, nature could not survive the shock, and he has been 
gathered to his fathers, while enjoying among his family, wife, chil- 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 589 

dren, and grandchildren, a green old age, full of love and equal af- 
fection for all. He has served the State, this town, and his fellow- 
men faithfull}' and honestly. A man of large heart, kind to all, one 
of nature's noblemen in looks and in action, he leaves no ordinary 
void in the community in which he has so long lived." 

Mr. Frank Hodges, whose untimely death, in the prime of 
life, caused the dissolution of the company, was a gentleman 
of finished manners, scholarly tastes, and high moral principle. 
A sufferer from chronic disease, he was disabled in a great 
measure for the active business of life in early manhood, al- 
though he superintended the mill until near the time of his 
death. 

In 1867, a stock company was formed, to carry on man- 
ufacturing in the North Andover Mills. The mills are owned 
by Gen. Eben Sutton, who is the treasurer of the corpora- 
tion. Mr. John Elliot is superintendent. They employ about 
one hundred operatives and manufacture into flannel 300,000 
pounds of wool per annum. 

The oldest manufacturing business in the Andovers, that 
has been carried on with uninterrupted success from its com- 
mencement to the present time, is that at the Stevens Mills, 
established in 181 3. The founder of tnis flourishing man- 
ufacturing business being a native of Andover, and descended 
through five generations (residents of the town), from John 
Stevens, one of the first settlers, ought to receive special 
notice. 

Capt. Nathaniel Stevens was the son of Mr. Jonathan 
Stevens, of North Andover. He was born in 1786, died 
1865. He was educated at the Franklin Academy, made a 
sea voyage before the mast, served in the War of 181 2 as a 
lieutenant, was a trader at North Andover. He married, 
181$, Miss Harriet Hale,^ daughter of Mr. Moses Hale, of 
Chelmsford. 

Mr. Hale, the father-in-law of Captain Stevens, was one of 
the pioneer manufacturers of the State, and a man of enthu- 
siasm in his business. Through his influence, Mr. Stevens 
had resolved to embark in manufacturing. In 18 13 he en- 

1 She is now living in her eighty-seventh year, bright and active and of clear 
memory. 



590 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

gaged James Scholfield to run a mill, and, entering into 
partnership with Dr. Joseph Kittredge and Mr. Josiah Mon- 
roe, they began to build (near the site of the first saw-mill on 
the Cochichawick) a wooden mill. This is the same now in 
use. It has been rebuilt in parts from time to time, brick 
walls being gradually substituted for the wooden ones. 

Mr. Stevens, by perseverance and energy, soon mastered 
the business in all its details, and was capable of managing it 
without assistance. He decided to give up the manufacture 
of broadcloth, in which he had at first experimented and 
which was difficult and of precarious profit, and to confine 
himself to the manufacture of flannels. In 1828 and 1831 he 
bought out his partners and took the sole control. He had 
often been warned at the outset that he was engaged in an 
undertaking of great risk, and that he would lose his time 
and money in trying to carry on manufactures. Mr. Abbot 
Lawrence, the importer, especially warned him that he could 
not compete with British manufactures. " Take my advice," 
said he one day when Mr. Stevens had carried a load of flan- 
nels to Boston. " Sell out your mill and go into some other 
business." " Never," replied Mr. Stevens, " so long as I can 
get water to turn my mill wheel." Captain Stevens became 
one of the richest and most respected manufacturers of the 
county, carrying on the business for fifty years with prosper- 
ity. He lived to see his five sons established in the same 
business : the two eldest, Mr. Charles A. Stevens and Mr. 
Henry H. Stevens, in the western part of the State ; the 
three youngest, the Hon. Moses T. Stevens, Mr. George 
Stevens, and Mr. Horace N. Stevens, at North Andover and 
Haverhill. His grandson, Mr. Nathaniel Stevens (son of Mr. 
Moses T. Stevens), has charge of the mill at Haverhill. Two 
of the brothers, Mr. George Stevens and Mr. Horace N. Ste- 
vens, died in the prime of manhood, leaving a memory hon- 
ored for probity and beloved for all social and domestic vir- 
tues. In July, 1879, Mr. Moses T. Stevens purchased the 
Marland Mills at Andover. He has connected these and the 
Haverhill mill with the mill at North Andover by a tele- 
phone. The Stevens mills at North Andover employ about 
eighty-five operatives, and manufacture into flannel about 
300,000 pounds of wool per annum. 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 59 1 

The success of the Stevens mills has been of advantage to 
the community, both directly and indirectly. Through the 
liberal donation of Mr. Moses T. Stevens, the Town Hall of 
North Andover was built, in connection with the Johnson 
Hiirh School, and the First Church and Parish have been re- 
cipients of frequent generosity. 

Having thus traced the origin and progress of the woollen 
manufactures at North Andover, on the Cochichawick, we 
turn now to those at Andover (South Parish) on the Shaw- 
shin. 

The first of these manufactories, which has continued in 
operation until the present time, about seventy years (with 
only a brief suspension), was established by Mr. Abraham 
Marland from Ashton Parish, Lancashire, England. He came 
to Andover in 1807, and lived in the town forty-two years. 
He learned manufacturing in the old country, in his uncle's 
mills, and at Leeds and Holbeck. In 1801, he emigrated to 
America, and, for a few years, was in charge of manufactur- 
ing at Beverly. He there made the acquaintance of some 
Andover men, through whom he learned of the excellent 
water-power of the various streams of this vicinity, and was 
induced to turn his attention in this direction. He was ad- 
vised by Mr. Samuel Slater not to think of making a living 
in America by manufacturing, but to put his money into a 
farm. But, believing that what his adviser seemed to have 
found profitable he might hope to succeed in, he persisted 
in his purpose. His first undertaking was to spin cotton for 
domestic weaving ; but this he abandoned, as the working in 
cotton impaired his health. A relic of this cotton manufac- 
turing is found, — an advertisement of a trader of Haverhill 
in a newspaper of January, 18 10. 

"cotton yarn. 
Thomas R. Appleton 

Informs the public that he has been appointed Agent for Abraham 
Marland's Cotton Factory. He now offers for sale Cotton-Warp 
Filling, and Knitting-Yarn, of all numbers, wholesale and retail, 

at the manufacturers' prices 

" N. B. Please to call and examine the goodness of the Cotton Yarn." 



592 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF AN DOVER. 

About i8io, Mr. Marland began the manufacture of woollen 
cloth at Abbot Village, in a small wooden building below the 
present stone-arch bridge. Here, during the War of i8 12, he 
made army blankets. He also, for a year (as has been before 
said), carried on a mill at North Andover. About 1821, he 
entered into an arrangement with Mr. Peter C. Brooks, under 
whose control the paper-mill property had fallen, in regard to 
building and operating a woollen-mill on this site, Mr. Brooks 
agreeing to furnish capital and erect the buildings, and Mr. 
Marland to carry on the manufacturing, taking a lease for 
twenty years, and promising to pay a liberal per cent, on the 
capital. A brick mill and a brick block for boarding-houses 
were built, and in 182 1 to 1823 the machinery from the old 
mill transferred to this new one, and new machinery added. 
In 1828, Mr. Marland bought the property, including the mill 
privilege on both sides of the river, the paper-mill, and a grist- 
mill and thirty acres of land. He continued to operate the mill, 
built a new factory, put in new machinery, and made other 
improvements, till, in 1834, the Marland Manufacturing Com- 
pany was incorporated : Abraham Marland, Benjamin H. 
Punchard, and John Marland, the grantees, and with William 
S. Marland, the only stockholders. They began with a cap- 
ital stock of ;^6o,ooo. They manufactured various kinds of 
goods, — water-proofs, cloakings, cassimeres, whatever the 
changing fashions required. Mr. Abraham Marland was pres- 
ident of the company till his death in 1849. He not only 
built up a successful business, but became an influential citi- 
zen, and a benefactor to the town of his adoption. He was 
chiefly instrumental in establishing the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in Andover, and made to it generous donations. His 
social connections in the town were honorable, — the various 
members of his large family joining with the Marland name 
some of the most esteemed and influential names of Andover 
and vicinity. On the death of Mr. Marland, Mr. Nathan 
Frye became president of the company and continued in 
ofifice for nearly thirty years, maintaining a name for probity 
and energy. The Hon. Francis Cogswell, son-in-law of Mr. 
Marland, was treasurer for many years. The treasurers of the 
company have been, since Mr. Cogswell, Mr. Josiah W. Cham- 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 593 

berlin, of Boston, and Mr. Samuel Raymond, of Andover, gen- 
tlemen of ability and honor. In the recent financial crisis 
of the country, this manufacturing company became embar- 
rassed, and, in July, 1879, the mills, machinery, and all the 
property were sold to Mr. Moses T. Stevens, of North An- 
dover, who now carries on the manufacturing. The mills 
employ about one hundred and fifty operatives, and manufac- 
ture about 500,000 pounds of wool per annum. ^ 

In 1836, a woollen manufacturing company was incorporated 
at Andover under the name of the Ballardvalc Manufacturing 
Company. Mr. John Marland was treasurer and agent, and 
had the management of the mills ; he and his brother, Mr. 
William S. Marland, withdrawing from the Marland Manu- 
facturing Company. They bought the property and mill- 
privilege owned by Timothy Ballard, from whom they named 
the company and village. Mr. Abraham J. Gould, Mr. Mark 
Newman, and others, were associated in the company. They 
manufactured cotton and woollen goods, and also experimented 
in the manufacture of silk. This last, and the introduction 
of the silk-worm into Andover, form an interesting episode 
in Andover manufactures. Mulberry-trees, the food of the 
silk-worm, were then planted, and the raising of silk-worms 
was undertaken by several families. 

Mr. John Marland was the moving spirit of these progres- 
sive enterprises. He was, as a well-known manufacturer re- 
marks, " in advance of his times." For this reason he could 
not always realize his ideals and carry out all the plans which 
he projected. He was destined rather to open paths for 
other persons to go forward in to their advantage, than to 

1 Since the writing of the above has occurred the death of one of the most 
esteemed officers of the Marland Manufacturing Company, the Hon. Francis S. 
Cogswell. He was born December 31, 1800, at Atkinson, N. H., and was eighty 
years old when he died. He had been thirty-eight years a resident of Andover, 
held the offices of Cashier of the Andover Bank, President of the Boston and 
Maine Railroad, Director of Bank, and Treasurer of the Manufacturing Com- 
pany. This latter office he held till he was seventy-two years old. He was a 
graduate of Dartmouth College, and had entered the legal profession, practising 
in Dover, N. H., before his removal to Andover. He retained through life his 
scholarly habits and literary tastes. He was a warden of Christ Church, and a 
devout adherent to its doctrines, although charitable and catholic in his sympa- 
thies. 

38 



594 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

persevere in ways of gain for himself. But he had real in- 
ventive genius and did a great work for manufactures, some 
of the improvements which he introduced being among the 
most valucible. The first piece of " fine white flannel " made 
in the United States is said to have been njade in the mills 
of the Ballardvale company, the machinery for double spin- 
ning" having been put in successful operation. 

Also the company put in worsted machinery, in 1842 send- 
ing their agent (Mr. Charles Barnes) to England to buy the 
machinery. The manufacture of delaines was carried on for 
some years, the worsted mill being leased in 1850 to Mr. 
Jeremiah S. Young, brother-in-law of Mr. Marland. He, in 
1853, transferred this branch of the business to the Pacific 
mills, at Lawrence, of which company he had become treas- 
urer. The manufacture of fine flannel was continued till 
1866, when the company, as a corporation, ceased to exist, 
and the Ballardvale mills became a private enterprise. The 
proprietor, at the time of this writing, is Mr. J. Putnam Brad- 
lee, of Boston ; Mr. James Shaw, manufacturer. 

Other well-known manufacturers of Andover, 1815-1837, 
were the brothers Abel and Paschal Abbot. They began at 
North Andover, on the Cochichawick (as has been before re- 
lated), but about 1 8 14 removed their works to Abbot Village 
and built the wooden mill on the west side of the river, and 
after a time added other buildings. They did cotton and 
woollen spinning and made flannels and cassimeres. The 
country people came here from long distances to get their 
wool spun for domestic knitting and weaving. The manu- 
facturers employed about twenty hand-looms before the use 
of the power-loom. The first foreman of the mill, Abiel 
Russell, is now living in his ninety-second year. In the em- 
ploy of the Messrs. Abbot, in 1817, was Mr. Daniel Saun- 
ders, who for a time leased the mill and carried on the busi- 
ness, but in 1823 removed to Salem, N. H., and, subse- 
quently returning, established himself at North Andover. 
In the financial crisis of 1837 the Abbot brothers failed, 
and their property passed into the hands of Messrs. Smith, 
Dove & Company. Another woollen mill, temporarily run, 
was under the management and ownership of Mr. James 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 595 

Howarth and Mr. Abijah Chase, of Salem. They made flan- 
nel in the stone mill on the east side of the Shawshin, about 
1824. The business was carried on by James Howarth's 
sons, John Howarth & Co., till 1837, and afterward by vari- 
ous persons, till 1843. Then, the property which had been 
leased for carrying on woollen manufacture, by Mr. Henry 
H. Stevens, passed into the hands of Messrs. Smith, Dove & 
Company. 

The mills now in operation at the Abbot village, and at the 
Frye village, are used for the manufacture of flax, and are 
owned by the firm of Smith, Dove & Company. The sen- 
ior partner of the firm is Mr. John Smith. He first started 
with the manufacture of cotton machinery. He came to 
America from Brechin, Scotland, in 18 16, and obtained em- 
ployment as a journeyman machinist, in Medway. There he 
met Joseph Faulkner and Warren Richardson, from Ando- 
ver, workmen in the same shop with himself. They, about 
1822, formed the plan of setting up in business for them- 
selves ; Mr. Smith taking the lead of the enterprise. Fortu- 
nately for their undertaking, they obtained an order for 
machinery in advance, and thus got a successful start, estab- 
lishing themselves first at Plymouth. Through the influence 
of Mr. Faulkner's friends from Andover they were induced 
to transfer their business to this town. They bought the 
then unoccupied mill-privilege on the Shawshin, at Frye vil- 
lage, and in 1824 Mr. John Smith built the machine-shop 
now standing on the east side of the river, and they removed 
their works from Plymouth to Andover. Here they did an 
extensive business in the manufacture of cotton machinery, 
obtaining contracts for machinery in a cotton mill in New 
Market, N. H., and for other large establishments. In 1829 
Mr. Richardson died, and in 1831 also Mr. Faulkner. Mr. 
John Smith was then assisted in charge of the machine-shop, 
by his younger brother, Peter Smith, who had come from 
Scotland in 1822, and been in the employ of the firm at 
Plymouth. In 1833, another employe began work, who sub- 
sequently became a member of the firm, and was the means 
of changing its operations, as a manufacturing company, and 
of introducing a new and successful enterprise. 



59^ HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Mr. John Smith had received a letter from Scotland recom- 
mending to his notice a young man from Brechin who had 
recently emigrated to America. Going to the city of New 
York on business, Mr. Smith found there his countryman, 
among strangers without satisfactory employment, and al- 
most discouraged, but sustained in hope by the cheerfulness 
of his strong, sensible wife. Mr. Smith made him an offer, 
which he at once accepted. He came to Andover without 
delay, and began to work in the machine-shop. This young 
man was John Dove, whose inventive genius contributed so 
largely to the establishment and success of the manufacturing 
company, ultimately formed under the name of Smith, Dove 
& Company. 

John Dove and Peter Smith had, when boys, worked to- 
gether in the flax mills owned by Mr. Dove's father, in Scot- 
land, and now, talking over old times, they formed a project 
to start a flax-mill at Andover. Mr. Dove had not only in- 
ventive genius, but enthusiasm. He was confident of suc- 
cess, if he could get the means to carry out the plan, and 
finally he succeeded in enlisting Mr. John Smith's interest, 
and by him was furnished with means to go to Scotland, to 
obtain further knowledge of the machinery there used, and 
get drawing-s from which to manufacture what was needed to 
start with. 

Meanwhile, Mr. Smith built a new mill on the west side of 
the river, and in 1836 the business was begun, — the first man- 
ufacture of flax in America ; Mr. John Smith taking his two 
employes, Peter Smith and John Dove, into partnership. He, 
however, continued the manufacture of machinery until the 
flax manufacture proved successful. Then he gave up the 
machine-shop, and put all his capital into the flax manufac- 
tory. Flax-yarns for carpet weavers, sail-twines, shoe-threads, 
and other similar goods, were made, at first in small quanti- 
ties, for the demand was not large, owing to the preference 
for British manufactures. But the prejudice gradually died 
out, and it was not many years before the mills were doing a 
large and remunerative business, the demand for their goods 
exceeding the supply. Accordingly, in 1843, the company 
purchased the water-power and buildings of the woollen mills 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. S97 

at Abbot village, and put in flax machinery, thus greatly in- 
creasing their productions. In 1864 a joint stock company 
was incorporated, under the name of the Smith & Dove Man- 
ufacturing Company, of which Mr. John Smith was Presi- 
dent, and Mr. Peter Smith Treasurer. In 1865 a brick mill 
was built at Abbot village. Hand and machine shoe-thread, 
linen yarns and twines for carpet manufacture, etc., are 
made ; about 2,000,000 pounds of flax and flax-tow are annu- 
ally consumed. Some three hundred operatives are em- 
ployed. 

Mr. John Dove died in 1876. It has been said he pos- 
sessed remarkable inventive genius. He was familiar with 
the progress of science in many departments, finding time, 
even in the midst of active labors, for much reading in his 
favorite lines of study, and never losing, to the day of his 
death, his ardor of mechanical invention. It was fortunate 
for him, and for his partners, that at the outset he met in his 
employer a true friend, who appreciated his rare gifts. The 
value to the community, both directly and indirectly, of their 
large and successful business can hardly be estimated. 

The munificent benefactions of the three partners, to their 
adopted town and to their native town, have been spoken of 
in other chapters of these sketches. Selections from a Me- 
morial Discourse regarding Mr. Dove, have been given ; also, 
the recent death of Mr. Peter Smith has been noted, and a 
brief tribute paid to his memory in connection with the his- 
tory of the Theological Seminary, of which he was a trustee 
and benefactor. He was born in Brechin, Scotland, Septem- 
ber 21, 1802, and died at Andover July 6, 1880. 

The oldest of the three original partners, Mr. John Smith, 
in his eighty-fifth year, is thus left the last. Still young in 
spirit and active in body, he enjoys the fruits of a successful 
life, and the pleasure of witnessing the growth and useful- 
ness of the various institutions which his liberality has con- 
tributed to found or endow. 

The sons of the three original partners are connected with 
the manufacturing company : Mr. Joseph W. Smith, Messrs. 
James B., Peter D., and Benjamin V. Smith, and Mr. George 
W. W. Dove. 



598 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Next to the mills was, as has been said, the establishment 
of " Iron-Works " in ancient Andover. The first settler, 
Thomas Chandler, blacksmith, owned extensive iron works. 
Just what these ancient iron-works were does not fully ap- 
pear. Probably they were for smelting and refining the ore 
which was found in the town, a sort of blomary. As late as 
1770 Col. James Frye owned iron-works, which he then gave 
up, advertising to sell, " as he is done with the iron-works." 
He offers also for sale a strong negro boy twenty years old, 
who is a good farm hand, " and can work in iron-zvork, both 
at blowing and refining." 

The first foundry in the Andovers was built to furnish 
castings of machinery for Messrs. Davis and Furber's man- 
ufactory at North Andover. The builder and first operator 
proved untrustworthy, got deeply in debt, and quitted the 
town. The property passed into the hands of Boston men, 
and in 1842 was leased from them by Mr. Edmund Davis, an 
iron founder from Dover, N. H. When the business began, 
all the work was done by Mr. Davis and his son, with the 
help of one man. At the end of twenty years they employed 
about fifty men. In 1863 they took down their building 
and transferred the foundry to the city of Lawrence. " E. 
Davis and Son" was then and is now the name of the firm, 
Mr. Edmund Davis, senior, ultimately removed his residence 
to Portsmouth, N. H., but retained more or less supervision 
of the foundry until his death, in 1867. His long residence 
in North Andover identified him prominently with its inter- 
ests, both in secular affairs and in the religious society, " The 
Evangelical Church, of North Andover," with which he was 
connected. He was one of the original trustees of the Cem- 
etery, and owned a lot, where his remains were buried. Mr. 
Davis was a singularly unobtrusive man, but one who com- 
manded respect. From an obituary notice, written by a min- 
ister who knew him well, the following is an extract relative 
to his character : — 

" None knew him who were not struck with the benignity, just- 
ness, and peace-loving nature of the man. It was in the family, 
however, that his worth was the most conspicuous. As a husband 
and a father few could be compared to him. Others may be as 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 599 

faithful, but few combine gentleness with dignity, reserve with ease, 
strictness with affectionate geniality as he did." 

The business established by Mr. Davis is carried on by 
his son, Mr. George Edmund Davis, who resides at North 
Andover. 

Another foundry was built at North Andover by the man- 
ufacturing company of Messrs. Davis & Furber. The man- 
ufacture of machinery, so long carried on at North Andover 
under this firm name, originated in 1828 at Andover (South 
Parish). Jonathan Sawyer, of Harvard, and Russell Phelps, 
of Sutton, machinists, came from a shop in Worcester, and 
began the manufacture of machinery, under the patronage of 
Mr. Abraham Marland, in the lower part of his mill. In 1832 
they sold the business to three of their employes, Charles 
Barnes, George H. Gilbert, and Parker Richardson. The 
shop was removed to the paper-mill, and in 1836 transferred 
to North Andover, on the Cochichawick, at what is called 
Machine Shop Village. Mr. Barnes withdrew from the firm 
to enter into the employ of the Ballardvale Manufacturing 
Company, but in 1838 resumed his connection. Messrs. Gil- 
bert and Richardson bought the saw and grist-mill of Mr. 
Isaac Osgood, and built a machine shop and carried on busi- 
ness till 1 841, when they dissolved the partnership and sold 
the saw-mill to the original owner. The same year, Mr. George 
L. Davis, a nephew of Mr. Gilbert, who had been employed 
by the firm for about six years, formed a copartnership with 
Mr. George H. Gilbert and Benjamin W. Gleason for five 
years, Messrs. Davis and Gleason being the managers. They 
leased the machine-shop and water-power, bought the tools, 
and from that time to the present Mr. Davis has continued 
the manufacture of wool machinery. 

In 1846 Mr. Gilbert^ retired from the firm, and in 1848 Mr. 

1 Mr. George H. Gilbert, in 1841, together with Mr. Charles A. Stevens, son 
of Captain Nathanael Stevens, of North Andover, removed to Ware in the west- 
ern part of the State, and there began woolen manufacturing, in which they were 
eminently successful. After about ten years, dissolving partnership, each con- 
tinued business for himself and both became founders of manufacturing com- 
panies among the most successful in New England. Mr. Gilbert died in 1S68. 
A costly monument to his memory has been erected by his son in the North 
Andover Cemetery, which was the burial place of his wife, a daughter of Deacon 
Jedidiah Farnhani. 



600 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Charles Furber joined it. In 1851 Messrs. Davis and Fiirber 
bought the entire interest. In 1857, on the death of Mr. 
Furber, Mr. Davis was for a short time sole proprietor. In 
1858 Mr. Daniel T. Gage and Mr. John A. Wiley joined the 
firm, but in i860 the former withdrew. In January, 1861, Mr. 
Joseph M. Stone, a builder of locomotives, from Manchester, 
N. H., became a partner. In 1867 the sons of the partners, 
George G. Davis,i Joseph H. Stone, and James H. Davis, 
became members of the firm. 

The buildings, from the one little room in the Marland Mill, 
are now grown to a group of several large factories, shop, and 
foundry, at North Andover. The machinery made is in 
operation in mills in all parts of the United States. 

Hon. George L. Davis, who embarked in the enterprise 
at a time when it was hazardous, has stood by it in all vicis- 
situdes, and by his perseverance and ability established a 
manufacture honorable to the town, as well as a source of 
wealth to himself. Many institutions, educational and relig- 
ious, have reaped benefit from the prosperity of this business 
and the liberality of its founder. 

Mr. Furber, whose name since his death is retained in the 
company, made his way up from poverty to influence and 
honor. He died in 1857, at the age of thirty-nine, deeply 
mourned by his numerous friends. He was at the time of 
his death a representative to the Legislature for North An- 
dover. 

Mr. Stone and Mr. Wiley are among the most influential 
citizens of the manufacturing village, and liberal contributors 
to all enterprises for its prosperity, and for the general wel- 
fare of the town. 

The manufacture of machinery was attempted on a large 
scale at Ballardvale in 1847 by an incorporated company, of 
which Mr. John Marland was a principal member. They 
made machinery and steam-engines in the large stone manu- 
factory built by the company, and which, after some reverses, 
they sold to the Whipple File Manufacturing Company. 

This company was organized i860, with a capital of 
;^5 00,000. 

1 Since withdrawn to enter a firm in Boston. 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 6or 

They purchased the machine-shop at Ballardvale, and 
built other large buildings, and put in crucible and steel- 
smelting apparatus. In 1866 they had a capital of one 
million dollars. The enterprise was the largest ever entered 
upon in Andover, employing about six hundred operatives. 
But in 1869 the company failed. The stock was owned 
principally by parties in Boston. The works are now idle. 

The above are the principal manufactures of the Andovers, 
which, in one form or another, trace their beginning to the 
ancient times. Among the modern industries or manufac- 
tures may be noted a rubber factory, also an ink factory now 
owned and carried on by William C. Donald & Co. It is not 
a part of the plan of this chapter to trace the history of any 
other than the mills and manufactures which originated in 
the beginning of the town history, and were the " improve- 
ment " of the water-power of the streams and rivers. These 
manufactures have been the principal source of the town's 
wealth and prosperity. 

They resulted in the establishment of the bank, railroad, 
and other commercial facilities. To the great importance of 
the manufactures of Andover, witness is incidentally borne 
in a petition, 1825, for the establishment of a bank : — 

" The trading and manufacturing capital of the town has very 
much increased within a few years past by the erection of several 
establishments for the manufacturing of cotton and woollen cloths 
and for other purposes. . . . Your petitioners are confident that 
the amount of mercantile and manufacturing business done among 
them, .... and which is manifestly increasing, and the amount 
of money transactions growing out of that business, are sufficiently 
large to render a banking institution a great convenience," etc. 

Any sketch of the rise and growth of Andover manufac- 
tures should also include mention of the origin of the manu- 
facturing city of Lawrence, which in 1847 was set off from 
Methuen and Andover, and incorporated as a city in 1853. 
This city not only occupies some twenty-five hundred acres 
of Old Andover territory, but also owes its existence chicfiy 
to the sagacity and perseverance of an Andover citizen. 

Daniel Saunders learned the business of cloth-dressing and 
wool-carding in his native town, Salem, N. H. He came to 



602 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Andover in 1817 to seek employment, and, after working on 
a farm, entered the mill of Messrs. Abel and Paschal Abbot, 
in Andover, where he ultimately obtained an interest in the 
business, taking a lease of and managing the mill. Being so- 
licited by his former employers to return to his native town 
and start a woollen mill there, he did so, and remained for a 
time, but, about 1825, removed to Andover, and settled in 
the North Parish, for a time leasing the stone mill erected 
by Dr. Kittredge, and afterward building a mill on a small 
stream which flows into the Cochichawick. Here he carried 
on the business of cloth-dressing and wool-carding for some 
years. In 1839 or 1840 he purchased a mill in Concord, N. 
H., and carried on manufacturing there, but retained his 
home at North Andover. About 1842 he gave up the wool- 
len mill at North Andover, sold his house to Mr. Sutton, and 
removed to what is now South Lawrence, Andover West 
Parish, south of the Merrimack River, near the old " Shaw- 
sheen House." The tract of country in this vicinity was fiat 
and sandy, covered principally with a growth of pine trees. 
It went by the name of Moose Country. At the point near 
Mr. Saunders' house, which was a more improved and attrac- 
tive locality, were two taverns, the Shawsheen House and 
the Essex House. These were relics of the palmy days of 
the old stage routes and turnpikes and the Andover toll- 
bridge, which, erected in 1793 at a great cost, was the wonder 
of the country people and the sorrow of the stockholders 
for many years. This " Moose Country " was the ancient 
" Shawshin Fields," where, during the Indian wars, block- 
houses were built, to protect the Andover farmers in their 
ploughing and planting and harvesting. The neighborhood 
of the taverns was, during the provincial period and the 
Revolution, and even down to the present century, a consid- 
erable business centre. The taverns, long owned by the 
Poor family, had store of legend and tradition connected with 
them. The bridge was also freighted with memories and 
anecdotes, which old settlers handed down to the younger 
generation. Even in Mr. Saunders' day, the glory had not 
all passed away. Here was the grand gathering to welcome 
General Lafayette, when in 1825 he made his tour from Bos- 



MILLS AND MANUFACTURES. 603 

ton to Concord, N. H, ; and here glittered resplendent the 
cavalcade of Andover troops which escorted the hero on his 
journey. But with the decline of the turnpike and the stage 
lines, and the advent of the railway, the prosperity of Moose 
Country waned ; the taverns became silent, the bridge com- 
paratively deserted, and the river Merrimack flowed amid 
scenes almost as solitary as when the Indian paddled his 
canoe, and was the sole tenant of the forests. But to the 
seemingly practical man of business, who had taken up his 
abode in these solitudes, they were suggestive of schemes 
and plans of activities which to the ordinary observer seemed 
as visionary as any ever cherished by the writers of romance. 
The former glory of Moose Country was nothing in compari- 
son with the brighter days which he foresaw. 

From a careful study of the river, he came to the belief, 
not till then entertained, that there was a fall in its course 
below the city of Lowell sufficient to furnish great water- 
power. He became so confident of this, and of the ultimate 
improvement of this water-power, that he proceeded to buy 
lands along the river which secured to him the control of 
flowage. This he did without communicating his plans to 
any of the citizens. Having made all things ready, he se- 
cured the cooperation of capitalists, to whom he unfolded 
his project. The Merrimack Water Power Association was 
formed, of which Mr. Saunders and his son, Mr. Daniel Saun- 
ders, Jr., then a law student in Lowell, became members, Mr. 
Samuel Lawrence, of Lowell, being Chairman, and Mr. John 
Nesmith, Treasurer. Mr. Nathaniel Stevens, and other citi- 
zens of Andover, also joined the association. When the 
scheme began to be talked of, it created a great sensation 
among the farmers who owned most of the land along the 
river. Their ancestral acres assumed a sudden importance 
in their eyes. They had to decide whether they would sell 
for double the money which ever had been offered for the 
lands, or whether they would hold the property in hope of 
greater gain. 

The company could not at first decide at what point to 
construct the dam, whether at its present site, Bodvvell's Falls, 
or farther up the river, near Peters's Falls. They, therefore, 



604 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

bonded the land along the river. This, however, it was diffi- 
cult in some cases to do, and some parties of Andover re- 
fused entirely to sell, so that the new city was built up at 
first mainly on the Methuen or north side of the river. In 
March, 1845, the Legislature granted to Samuel Lawrence, 
John Nesmith, Daniel Saunders, and Edward Bartlett, their 
associates and successors, the charter of the Essex Company, 
authorizing, among other things, the construction of a dam 
across Merrimack River either at Bodwell's Falls or Deer 
Jump Falls, or at some point between the two falls. The 
dam was begun in 1845, ^"d was three years in building. 
The completion of it made a fall almost like a second Niag- 
ara in breadth and volume of water. The unbroken sheet 
of water was 900 feet wide, the masonry 1,629 feet in length, 
and rising in some parts over forty feet in height. The thun- 
der of the cataract, when the dam was first built, could be 
heard for two or three miles. The old Andover farmers 
" could not sleep o' nights," as they said, for thinking what 
might happen in the spring freshets, and the jarring of the 
ground was so great near the river bank as to rattle doors 
and shake down dishes in the cupboards, and seriously dis- 
turb the equanimity of orderly housewives. It would be a 
long task to recount all the predictions, fulfilled and unful- 
filled, made by the wiseacres, from the day when " Saunders's 
folly" was their theme, to the day when, his visions and plans 
more than realized, he saw a city of thirty thousand inhab- 
itants, and manufactories larger than any in the world. Mr, 
Saunders died in 1872, aged seventy-six years. He married a 
daughter of Mr. Caleb Abbot, of Andover, Two of his sons 
are residents of Lawrence, — Daniel Saunders, Esq., and 
Caleb Saunders, counsellors at law. The former was born in 
Andover, graduated at Harvard College, 1844. He has been 
mayor of Lawrence and representative to the Legislature. 
The latter was born at North Andover, graduated at Bowdoin 
College, 1859. He was mayor of Lawrence, 1877. 

The agricultural industry of the town of Andover was a 
principal part of its prosperity from the first ; but, in select- 
ing the order of the topics to be considered, the plan of these 
sketches accords with the order which appears in the town 



MILLS AND MANC/FACTURES. 605 

records ; the meeting-house, the school, and the mill being 
the principal subjects of general interest and legislation. 

To cover the entire history of the town in all its depart- 
ments of enterprise, there should be added an account of the 
ao-ricultural and general industries, and trade ; stores, banks, 
post-offices, stage-routes, bridges, railways ; of the profes- 
sional men, physicians, lawyers, authors, editors, artists ; and 
the town history and action under the Federal Constitution, 
including the War of 1812, the Civil War, and other impor- 
tant crises in the history of the nation and the common- 
wealth, as well as biographical sketches of all the eminent 
citizens, and the natives of the Andovers who have become 
eminent in other communities. 

Few towns offer wider field for historical research or a 
more honorable record than Old Andover, the present towns 
of North Andover and Andover. 



APPENDIX. 



ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 

Page 

3 The term city, as applied to Boston, is here used in the 
general sense, according to the definition: "A large town, 
a large number of inhabitants in one place." The incorpora- 
tion with a city government was not made until 1822, although 
as early as 1650 it was petitioned for, on the ground that the 
town was " so populous and that such a concourse of people 
being here from all parts, a form of government was needed 
by which to administer 'speedy justice.' " 
ID Mrs. Bradstreet's name is written " Ann," in the copy of 
the deed. In the only full autograph (a facsimile is given in 
the New England Historical and Genealogical Register for 
July 1859,) she herself spells it '" Anne." 
17 The will of John Osgood is incorrectly transcribed in sev- 
eral particulars. 

Read: "July [not June] 23. In the name off God, amen." 
etc. Insert : " I bequeath and give my soule into the hand 
of God my heavenly ffather, through the medyation of Jesus 
Christ my Blessed Saviour and Redeemer, my body to the 
■ earth from whence it was taken, my Good and Chattels as 
foloweth." .... 

Read : " To my sonn Stephen Osgood, at 21 years [not 18 
years.] 

Read, in items, bequests to three daughters. Mar}', Elizabeth, 
and Hannah, each " 25 pounds to be paid at 18 years of age." 

Read : " //. I do give to my daughter S[or M]arah Clem- 
ents 20s. — //. I do give to her daughter Bakah 20 shillings 
to be payd when she is 7 years of age, but if she dy before 
that time to be null." 
20 In the inventories and wills which follow, the intention of 
the writer was not to give all the items as an exact and com- 
plete transcript of each paper, but simply selections, showing 



APPENDIX. 607 

the customs and style of living of the time. The omissions 
have not, however, in all cases been indicated. The following 
is, therefore, added. Inventory of Mr. John Osgood's Estate. 
Additional items: "Purse and apparel (;^i6) ; a tiock bed 
and furniture, foure augers, a gouge, two hammers and a broad 
chisel, slay (;^8), cart and wheeles, another cart and wheeles, 
a cart rope, five yoke and the hookes, three chayers, ploughs 
and irons, a harrow, five sives, a spade and crow, three sithes, 
five sickles, one mat hook, pitchforks and a grindstone, nayles, 
foure sacks, cheese." 

Read, probably [nearly erased] : " eighteen [not eight] 
swine." 

Read: " carsai " [not " carsamere " ] ; for " canvace, 15^" 
[not 9^]. 

It is not deemed necessary to specify the price named for 
each item. 

23 Read : " Isaac F. Osgood, postmaster." 

24 Read: Inventory of Jofm Stevens' s estate : " pronges " [not 
"ploughs"] after "sawes, axes etc." Insert, after horses: 
" Three sheep," also "debts " {£2). 

The full inventory has a "sequel" as it is called, specify- 
ing what he had given to his eldest son John, and also the 
signature of this son to the following : " These testifye y' I 
John Stevens doe accept of the above specified estate ap- 
pointed mee of my father before his death in full satisfaction 
for my portion amounting to seventy-foure pounds, provided 
the honored Court at Salem shall see good to confirme it." 
The statement is also made that the widow Elizabeth Stevens 
came into Court and gave oath to the truth of the inventory to 
the best of her knowledge." The "sequel," or bequest to the 
son, consisted of the following items : '"Imp. a house, orchard 
and land. — //. one cowe, two steeres of two yeare old and a 
yearling, two swine and two sheep. — //. all y' rights and 
privileges that is to be granted by y" towne by virtue of twenty- 
five acres of ground granted to mee, John Steevens. — //. 
three acres of home meadow." 

32 In the list of proprietors who were householders, read: 
"John Aslebe" [not "John Abbot"]. Insert: "Stephen 
Johnson, Thomas Poor." 

35 A " Complaint of Christopher Osgood," in the County Court 
Records 1662, illustrates still more fully the rude state of the 
primitive society. He had had arrested and brought to trial, 



6o8 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

Thomas Johnson with whom he had quarrelled about the 
ownership of a hoe which Johnson demanded. The two men 
had come to blows, and a violent struggle, in which Osgood 
complained that Johnson was near killing him. The mother 
of Christopher Osgood, interfering in her son's behalf, told 
Thomas Johnson that a curse was pronounced in Scripture 
against him for " Rouging the widow and y^ fatherless and 
that God would plead their cause." The offender's answer 
was not according to Puritan standards : " He replied in a 
scofing and in a sneering way and sayd : ' Aye : doe : doe : 
trust to him, trust to him, he will help you, no question.' " A 
few years after this, Thomas Johnson was constable ; possibly 
he was at this time, as he claimed that he was about his proper 
business. 

49 Foot-note 2. The second figure 2 after the name of Andover 
should be transferred to the name Merrimack. 

72 Foot-note i. Read: " pages 689 [not 681] and 715." 

84 Foot-note 2. Read : "p. 441 [not 44]." 

89 Read : " Mr. Nathan Frye, President " [not Treasurer]. 

93 Inventory of Daniel Poor. Read : " matts [not malts] after 
"cords" etc. Read : ''more pewter, brass and iron forgott," 
after "iron potts" etc. Read "seven score [not "about one 
hundred"] acres of land and more plough land and meadow." 
Read : " Wade's [not Woodchuck] meadow." 
107 List of persons who took oath of allegiance i6'j8. Omit from 
the list the name of John Abbot junior ; omit "junior " after 
John Poor. Add to the list the following names : — 

Abraham Foster, Stephen Parker, Samuel Phelps, 

Timothy Johnson, Edward Phelps, Senr., Joseph Stevens. 

Read in the list " 104 years " [not loi years], for the age of 
Andrew Foster. This does not agree with the statement in 
the town records, that Andrew Foster died aged 106 years 
in the year 1685. The list states that Robert Gray and Henry 
Salter are "not inhabitants " but " y" present." This is ex- 
plained in regard to the former by the fact that he was a 
" mariner." 

117 Read: " Rev. Francis H.Johnson." 

119 The will of Rev. John Wilson of Boston makes no mention 
of a son Joseph. It therefore seems improbable that the An- 
dover settler was his son. [See " N. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg- 
ister," vol. xvii.] 



APPENDIX.. 609 

120 List of Taxpayers of Minister's Rates. '•^ North End of the 
Town." Read : " John Abbot junr. [not George Abbot Senr.] 
John [not Job] Cromwell." Insert : " Richard Barker junr., 
William Barker, John Farnum, senr., Sergt, Ephraim Stevens." 
'''' South Ejid of the Town." Read: " Ephraim Davis ^ [not 
William Dane], Ebenezer ^ [not Hananiah] Barker." Insert : 
"John Ballard, John Chandler, James Johnson, Left. Thomas 
Johnson, Thomas Osgood, John Russ, Thomas Russell." 

131 Bradstreet House. The following should be inserted in 
the history : — 

" After the death of Col. Dudley Bradstreet, his house was 
purchased for a residence by the Rev. Thomas Barnard, the 
parsonage having been destroyed by fire in 1707. Rev. John 
Barnard also lived here, and here probably were born his sons> 
the Rev. Edward Barnard and the Rev. Thomas Barnard." 

148 Read : " Haverhill " [not Haverill]. 

155 Read: "Windham" [not Wenham.] Insert " LL.D." after 
the name of Hon. John Phillips (of Exeter). 

157 Read : " Hon. Willard P. Phillips." 

161 Read: " 1827 " [not 1822] for the date of installation of the 
Rev. Nathaniel Gage. He graduated at Harvard College 1822. 

163 Cutshamache or Cutshamakin was the sachem in whose wig 
warn the apostle Eliot held his religious meetings for the Indians. 

178 Classification of the Indian Wars. The treaty of peace at 
the conclusion of the French and Indian war was not ratified 
till 1763, although the conquest of Canada by the English put 
an end to the fighting in New England, 

180 Lovewell's Fight took place May 8, 1725. 

200 Read : " Sarah Hawkes " [not Fawkes]. Insert : " Mary 
Marston, wife of John Marston." 

231 Read: "Jona. Elatson " [not Elarson]. 

245 Read : " Took no part in [not of] the fighting." 

262 Lieutenant-colonel [afterward Colonel] John Osgood lived 
at North Andover, in the house still standing on the old home- 
stead to the northeast of the house which was the home of 
the Hon. Samuel Osgood, and to the southeast of the mansion 
built by Isaac Osgood, Esq., and near the Timothy Johnson 
homestead. This Osgood house is evidently of most ancient 
date. In general style of construction it is similar to and is 
of about the same size as the Bradstreet house. The addition 

1 This appears by comparison with other lists written by different clerks. 
39 



6lO HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

of luthern windows in the front roof gives it a somewhat im- 
posing appearance. The house was, doubtless in its day, a 
fine mansion. Tradition says that a provincial governor was 
entertained here. There can be little doubt that in Colonel 
Osgood's time many a military hero tarried here and talked 
over his exploits with his brother officer in the king's service. 
Indeed, it is not unlikely that the house dates back to the ear- 
lier colonial days, and it is not impossible that here Mistress 
Mary Osgood was arrested for witchcraft. But the actors and 
the sufferers of the Osgood name, in the drama of the centu- 
ries are gone from their old abode; and the house,, though still 
owned by their descendants, is tenanted by modern emigrants 
from the Old Country, who know or care little about those of 
two hundred years gone. 

Mr. Moody Bridges, who was active in the military service 
of the Old French War and in the civil service of the Revolu- 
tionary time, lived at North Andover, in the house now owned 
by Oliver Stevens, Esq. This was purchased, after the death 
of Mr. Bridges, from his son, Henry G. Bridges, mariner, by 
Mr. Isaac Stevens. It was the birth-place of Mr. Stevens's 
illustrious son, Major-general Isaac I. Stevens, who was killed 
in the battle of Chantilly, Va., September i, 1862, while, rally- 
ing his troops to victory, he held the colors in his hand. The 
house, which, judging from its construction, must have been 
quite ancient, has been tastefully remodelled for a summer 
residence by its present owner. In a deed of partition, in 
1810, the house is designated as the " Mansion house of the 
late Mr. Moody Bridges, Gentleman." 
270 Foot-note i. — Since the writing of the text, I have learned 
that Paul Mascarene, the royal governor, removed to Boston 
and made his residence there. In the State Archives is a pe- 
tition of John Mascarene of Boston (dated September 24, 
1778), which states that the petitioner's son, Paul Mascarene, 
has lately returned from his " education in the country " (doubt- 
less at Andover), and being " destitute of business " is desir- 
ous to be allowed to go to Jamaica with Henry Shirley. It 
would seem that the Mascarenes were not in full sympathy 
with the Revolution, for the petitioner says he has been 
" wholly deprived of his income" by reason of the " unhappy 
dispute," yet he claims to be a " well-wisher to the country." 
293 Read : " Lord North [not North's] Parliament." 
319 "Jeremiah Blanchard of Andover" is one of the names of 



APPENDIX. 6ll 

prisoners in the Old Mill Prison in P^ngland, taken on board 
the brig Ilasket and John, May 3, 1781. 

331 The statement that Dr. Abiel Abbot lived during the Rev- 
olution is an error. He died at the age of twenty-eight, in 
the year 1764. His widow lived till 18 15, to the age of sev- 
enty-seven. 

343 The powder-mill at Stoughton was bought from the State 
(Mr. Samuel Phillips being one of the agents in the sale) by 
Major Samuel Osgood in April, 1779. In October of the 
same year it was blown to atoms. The remains of it passed 
into the hands of Mr. Phillips, who in 1792 sold it to some 
iron-mongers. 

375 Read : " de Riedesel " [not de Reidesel]. 

377 A contributor to the ''New England Historical and Genea- 
logical Register " [vol. xxvi.], Rev. B. F. de Costa, adduces 
what he regards as evidence that the expedition of Colonels 
Brown and Johnson to Ticonderoga was a failure and did not, 
as the great historians have thought it did, hasten the sur- 
render of General Burgoyne. Original letters of Colonel 
Brown are quoted to show that his repulse at Diamond Island 
more than counterbalanced any former gain, and that the Brit- 
ish lines of communication were left unbroken. But we may 
venture to suggest that though this may have been a partial 
defeat, it was a defeat which like that of Bunker Hill taught 
the British what a foe they had to deal with. Whether this 
expedition of Colonels Brown and Johnson cut the communi- 
cations of Burgoyne or not, it showed him that the New Eng- 
land yeomanry would not cease their " private exjDeditions " 
or leave him a way of retreat. 

421 Read : " and is [not in] y*" kingdom of our Lord and Sa- 



viour." 



425 Mrs. Anne Bradstreet was not at first pleased with the New 
England churches. She says : " I found a new world and new 
manners, at which my heart rose, but after I was convinced it 
was y'' way of God, I submitted to it and joined to y*' c'' at 
Boston." 

427 Insert " D. D." after " Rev. Benjamin Stevens." 

428 The act of incorporation of the South Precinct was not till 
May, 1709, although in November, 1708, the General Court 
ordered that the town " be forthwith divided into two distinct 
Precincts," and appointed a committee " to perform the divis- 
ion within the space of two months,^'' The committee ran the 



6l2 HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 

boundary line and reported to the court in April, 1709. The 
first parish meeting was held June 20, 1709. 

441 Insert "Rev." before the names of Nathan Holt and Jacob 
Emery. 

444 Read "October 17 " [not 7], date of the ordination of Rev, 
Samuel Phillips. 

448 Read : " He (Rev. William Symmes) was ordained [not 
married] 1758, November i." The relationship between him 
and the Rev, Thomas Symmes of Boxford was, according to 
the best authorities (the genealogists differ in their state- 
ments), that of second cousins ; their fathers. Rev, Zechariah 
Symmes of Bradford and Mr, William Symmes of Charles- 
town and of Medford, being cousins, 

454 Read : " either " [not eitehr], 

476 The corner-stone of the West Parish Meeting House was laid 
June 15, 1826. The members to form the West Parish and 
church were dismissed from the South Church, November 28, 

1826, organized as a church December 5, 1826, met for wor- 
ship in their meeting-house, December 31, 1826, but the act 
of incorporation of the Parish was not passed till March 3, 

1827. The meeting-house was built by individuals who were 
indemnified from loss by the sale of the pews. 

483 Read " October 28 " [not 26], for the date of installation of 
Rev, Charles Smith. 

493 Read " 1876" [not 1870], the year of the "Memorial Dis- 
course " for Mr, John Dove. 

504 The names of Rev. John Woodbridge and Rev. Benjamin 
Stevens, D, D., are not included in this list (although pre- 
viously mentioned), because it is not ascertained with certainty 
that they can be claimed, strictly speaking, as of Andover. 
[see pages 425 and 427], The following names should be in- 
cluded in the list : Rev, Dudley Bradstreet of Groton [page 
427], Rev. James Chandler of Rowley [page 440], Rev, John 
Chandler of Billerica [page 441], Prof. Charles A, Aiken 
[page 496]. Some names are in this list, of which it was not 
thought necessary to give biographical memoranda in previous 
pages. But the name of Rev, Jonathan Osgood of Gardner 
is specially noteworthy. During nearly all his ministry (1791 
to 1822), he was a practising physician, a member of the Mas- 
sachusetts Medical Society. He also for a part of the time 
was a school-master. 

Read "1756" [not 1747], for the date of graduation of 
Abiel Foster [see page 441]. 



APPENDIX. 613 

509 Read : " Prayers were tiot made (by the Puritans) at the 
grave." Refer to page 20 for the same statement. 

547 Read : "To allow .... for their Female School therein" 
[not thereon]. 

555 Read 

556 Read 
580 Read 



" religious and denominational basis " [not bases]. 

" alumnae " [not alumni] of Abbot Academy. 

" It (the powder mill) was in operation March, 1776 " 



[not 1775]. 

The statement (page 460) in regard to the residence of Rev. 
Abiel Abbot, D. D., author of the "History of Andover," should 
be somewhat modified. He was a visitor rather than a resident on 
the old Abbot homestead, which was the birthplace of his wife, 
Elizabeth Abbot, daughter of Capt. John Abbot. When he came 
to make his home at Andover he bought the ancient Poor estate 
on the Shawshin, at North Andover, which from him was for some 
time called "The Priest Abbot Place." 



6i4 



HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ANDOVER. 



CONTRIBUTORS AND SUBSCRIBERS ^ FOR THE PUBLICATION 
AND ILLUSTRATION OF THIS VOLUME. 



Mr. John Abbot . 

Rev. Phillips Brooks, D. D 

Mr. John Byers . 

Gen. William J. Dale . 

Hon. George L. Davis 

Mr. George W. W. Dove 

Misses Dove . 

Moses Fo-ster, Esq. . 

Mr. J. D W. French . 

Rev. Francis H. Johnson 

Rev. Samuel Johnson 

Col. Theron Johnson . 

Misses Kittredge 

Hon. Amos A. Lawrence 

Hon. George B. Loring 

Mr. William G. Means . 

Mr. John C. Phillips . 

Trustees of Phillips Academy . 

Trustees of Punchard Free School 

Hon. William A. Russell 

Mr. Charles W. Shattuck 

Mr. Edward Shattuck . 

George O. Shattuck, Esq. 

Mr. Joseph Shattuck . 

Mr. John Smith . 

Mr. Joseph W. Smith . 

Mr. Peter Smith 

Hon. Moses T. Stevens . 

Mrs. Nathaniel Stevens . 

Oliver Stevens, Esq. 

Mr. Joseph M. Stone . 

Gen. Eben Sutton 

Mr. William H. Wardwell 

Mr. John A. Wiley 



Andover. 

Boston. 

New York. 

North Andover. 

North Andover. 

Andover. 

Andover. 

Andover. 

North Andover. 

Andover. 

North Andover. 

North Andover. 

North Andover. 

Boston. 

Salem. 

Andover. 

Boston. 

Andover. 

Andover. 

Lawrence. 

Lawrence. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Lawrence. 

Andover. 

Andover. 

Andover. 

North Andover. 

North Andover. 

Boston. 

North Andover. 

North Andover. 

Boston. 

North Andover. 



^ All the above-named persons pledged subscriptions for copies to the amount 
of at least twenty-five dollars, and most of the number contributed from twenty- 
five to fifty dollars for two to four copies. Mr. John C. Phillips, of Boston, sub- 
scribed one hundred dollars for illustration of the institutions of learning and 
their founders. Rev. Chandler Robbins, D. D., paid for the use of the steel- 
plate for the engraved portrait of Mr. Simon Bradstreet. Mr. Joseph W. Smith, 
in addition to his subscription, assumed a large part of the risk of publication. 



INDEX. 



Abbot, 83-88, loS-iio. 
Abbot, Abel, 84. 5S6, 594, 602. 
Abbot, Mr. Abicl, 83, 439, 441. 

504- 
Abbot, Abiel, M. D., 83, 24S, 272, 331 

[see 611I. 
Abbot, Abiel, D. D., S3. 459, 460, 504, 

613. 
Abbot, Adehne, 554. 
Abbot, Albert, 109. 
Abbot, Alfred A., 109. 
Abbot, Hon. Amos, 109, 401, 485- 
Abbot, Asa, 88, 294, 295, 356, 576. 
Abbot, Barachias, 294, 295. 
Abbot, Benjamin, 85, 107, 120, 203, 

205. 
Abbot, Benjamin. LL. D., 83. 
Abbot, Charles H., 501. 
Abbot, David, 294. 
Abbot, Edward F., 498, 505. 
Abbot, Ephraim, 52, 63. 
Abbot, George, Sen., 9, u, 12, 13, 31, 

32, 64, 65, 74, 83, 84, 85, 86, 107, 

120 [see 609I, 173, 174- 
Abbot, George ("of Rowley"), 9, 31, 

32, 107, 108, 109, 120, 411, 412. 
Abbot, George, 242, 288, 294, 295, 335, 

444, 534. 
Abbot, Hannah, 83, 84, 85, 86. 
Abbot, Henry, 83, 279, 294, 301, 302, 

388,391,409- 

Abbot, Isaac, 83, 154, 24^ 297, 323, 
401,405, 485. 522. 

Abbot, John, 32 [sce6o7l, 40.69. 72, 
83, 85. 86, 107 [see 608], 120 [see 
609I, 137, 151. 152, 242, 261, 268, 
294, 295, 340, 352, 359. 373- 386, 
387, 391, 412, 441. 444. 485. 575- 

Abbot, Prof. John, 83, 387, 389, 459. 

Abbot, John Lovejoy, 84, 335, 4t>i, 

504. 
Abbot, Jonathan, 248, 249, 392. 



Abbot, Joseph, 85, 170, 173, 259, 294, 

295, 485, 507- 
Abbot, Moses, 392. 
Abbot, Nathaniel, 85, 120. 
Abbot, Nehcmiah, 65, 109, 120, 137, 

157, 294, 29s, 356, 391, 392, 409. 444. 

485, 534. 
Abbot, Paschal, 84. 485, 586, 594, 602, 
Abbot, Priscilla, 87. 
Abbot, Samnel, 84, 456. 558, 560. 
Abbot, Sarah, 87, 531, 555. 
Abbot, Sereno T., 497. 505. 
Abbot, Stephen, 83, 362, 386, 391, 495- 
Abbot, Susan. 554. 
Abbot, Timothy, 88, 120, 174, i75. '76, 

386. 
Abbot, William, 107, 120, 140, 152, 

295- 
Abbot, Thomas, 34, 107, 120, 143, 239, 

Abbot. Zebadiah, 345, 35^. 408, 485- 
Acadians, 238, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249. 
Academies, 533-558- 
Academy, Abbot, 555-558- 
Academy, Franklin, 542-555- 
Academy, Phillips, 533-542. 
Adams, Isaac, 242, 246. 
Adams, Israel, 159, 252. 
Adams, Capt. John, 160, 301, 303,309, 

373,391.469- 
Adams, [ohn, LL. D., 537, 539- 
Adams, Rev. John R., 496, 505, 539. 
Adams, Col. Joseph, 160, 246. 
Adams, William, 383, 497, 505, 539. 
Adventure, Bark, 58. 
Agawam, 2, 3, 163. 
Agriculture, 11, 154. i75- 
Aiken, 498, 499, 505, 515, 567, 56S, 612. 
Albany, 354, 369- 
Alden, Timothy, 465. 
Allen, 11,32. 77, 105, 106, 107, 120, 

200, 202, 466, 549. 
AUyn, Peter, 144. 
Almipagon, Lake, 258. 
Ames [Eimes], 104, 126, 406. 



> For names of Revolutionary.soldiers and others not indexed, refer to " List," page 621. 



6i6 



INDEX. 



Ames, Capt. Benjamin, 126, 297, 298, 
301,317,318,319, 350, 391. 

Ames [Eimes], Robert, 12c, 126. 

Amesbury, 16S, iSo. 

Amherst, N. H., 170. 

Ammunition, 185, 292, 317. 

Andover, description of, 10, 402, 403. 

Andover, England, 11, 294. 

Andros, Sir Edmxmd, 134. 

Andrew, Joseph, 120. 

Animals, 19. 33, 34, 36, 37, 143, 155. 

Appleton, 136, 332, 333, 591. 

Apprentices, 46-53, 285. 

Armitage, Joseph, 73. 

Aslebe, John, 32 [see 607], 64,72, 120, 
121, 137, 168, 185, 435. 

Ashton, 591. 

Aslet, John, 11, 62, 106, 107. 

Atkinson, 457, 593. 

Austin, 120. 

Ayer, Samuel, 586. 

Ayevs, Obadiah, 522, 



B. 



Babbif, Rev. Benjamin B., 491, 502. 

Badger, Rev. Milton, 461, 4S0, 501. 

Bailey, 65, 155, 270, 271, 324, 325, 519, 
522, 576. 

Balden, 107, 109. 

Ballard, 11, 32, 36, 69, 102, 107, 120 
[see 609], 170, 197, 198, 203, 221, 
406, 485, 576, 579, 580, 593. 

Ballard's Pond, 36. 

Ballardvale, 493. 495' 503. 576, 593. 

Ballardvale Manufacturing Company, 

593, 594, 599- 
Bancroft, Cecil F. P., Ph. D., 537, 

541- 
Bank, 601. 

Baptists, 462, 486, 4S7, 502. 
Barbadoes, "jt^, 146. 
Barker, 7, 8, 11, 18, 30, 32, 56, 62, 85, 

90, 106, 107, 109, 120, 137. 13S, 148, 

16S, 170, 210, 212, 221, 226, 232, 233, 

239, 252, 294, 29-, 337, 416, 435, 466, 

469, 499. 
Barnard, 11, 32, 45, 104, 107, 120, 148, 

416. 
Barnard, Rev. Edward, 131 [see 609 1, 

438, 441. 504, 522. 
Barnard, Rev. John, 39, 131 [see 609], 

150, 427, 432-439, 501, 504, 518, S22. 

Barnard, Rev. Thomas, 39, 131 [see 
609], 182, 198, 228, 300, 422, 427- 

432, 438- 440, 501, 507- 
Barnes, Charles, 594, 599. 
Barrows, 500, 505, 566, 573. 
Bartlet, Edward, 604. 
Bartlet, William, 463, 558, 562. 



Bean, Samuel, 407. 

Bear, Jockey, 246. 

Beard, 499, 500. 

Belden, Nathan M., 529. 

Bennington, 362, 367, 374. 

Ikrry, 155, 242, 545, 549. 

Beverly, 591. 

Beverly, }o\\x\, 274, 275. 

Bibliotheca Sacra, 569. 

Billerica, 8, 51, 52, 60, 61, 62, 67, 165, 

172, 201, 202,' 276, 303,307,308,309, 

401, 44t, 550, 576. 
Bixby, 107, 109, no, 120, 153. 
Blake, 11, 106, 416. 
Blanchard, 32, 64, 69, 120, 121, 124, 

294, 295, 304, 382, 485, 497, 505, 512, 

585, 610. 
Blanchard's Pond, 121, 124. 
Blockhouses, 184. 
Blumpy, 246. 

Blunt, 65, 107, no, 120, 274, 406, 440. 
Bodwell, 120, 122, 242. 
Bodwell's Falls, 603, 604. 
Boscawen, 25. 
Boundaries, 61, 62, 63. 
Boston, 3 [see 606], 27, 29, 30, 46, 54, 

66,98,119, 135, 160, 171,181, 228, 

246, 260, 289, 305, 327, 333, 335, 393, 

417. 
Boxford, 51, 52, loi, 178, 196, 211, 254, 

298,301,338, 438- 
Boynton, 308, 321, 322. 
Bradford, 58, 134, 148, 149, 168, 179, 

185, 187, 298,448, 575. 
Bradlee, J. P., 532, 594. 
Bradstrcet, Anne, 10, 12, 14, 77,78, 127, 

128, 420, 606, 611. 
Plradstreet, Dorothy, 14, 76. 
Bradstreet, Col. Dudley, 14, 69, 72, 75, 

107, no, 120, 130, 131, 134, 136, 137- 

143, 151, 168, 182, 183, 224, 226, 228, 

235. 412, 413, 609. 
Bradstreet, Rev. Dudley, 14, 427, 518, 

522, 612. 
Bradstreet, John, 13, 14, 45. 
Bradstreet, Mercy, 14, 76. 
Bradstreet, Samuel, 14, 136, 522. 
Bradstreet, Sarah, 14. 
Bradstreet, Mr. Simon, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 

14, V>^ 34. 46, 47, IZ^ 77, 78, 127-130. 

134, 137, 138, 151. 173. 229, 233,414, 

415- 574- 
Bradstreet, Rev. Simon, 14, 420, 425, 

504. 
Bradstreet House, 1 26-131 [see 609.] 

132. 
Bragg, 391. 

Brattle, Rev. Mr., 228. 
Brechin, 595, 596, 597. 
Brechin Hall, 562. 
Breton, Cape, 238, 240, 241, 273. 



INDEX. 



6\'J 



Brewer, Thomas, 107. 

Bridges, 40, 50, 107, in, I20, 137, 200, 

222, 226, 262, 277, 290, 292, 293, 295, 

SSS, 391.392. 4 '3. 5-2.610. 
Brigsis. Rev. William T., 4^9,502, 509. 
Brookficld, 100. 

Brooks, Rev. Phillips, D. D. 156, 560. 
Brown, Colonel. 374, 376, 377. 
Brown, John White, 549. 
Browne, M. J- B., S57- 
Brown, Moses, 55S, 562. 
Browne, Rev. .Samuel G., 557. 
Brown, Rev. Thaddeus II., 499, 505. 
Bmiker liiU, 23S, 317, 318, 321-327. 
Burgoync, 36S, 369. 377, 383. 
Burnside, Samuel M., 545. 
Biirnum, Jeremiah, 282. 
Burroughs, Rev. George, 20S, 214. 
Burying-ground, North Parish, 506- 

Burying-ground, South Parish, 512-513. 
Bur'ving-ground, West Parish, 513-514, 
Burying-ground, Theological Seminary, 

514-515- 
Burying-ground, Christ Church, 515. 

Burving-ground (Ridgewood Ceme- 
tery), 509-512. 

Burying-ground, Roman Catholic, 515. 

Burying-ground (Spring Grove Ceme- 
tery), 515, 516. 

Burying-ground (Den Rock Cemetery), 
516. 

Burtt, Rev. Joseph W., 498, 505. 

Bussell, 120. 

Butler, Benjamin, 522. 

Byers, John, 532, 536. 

Byers, Peter S., 499, 528, 529, 532, 536, 

557- 



Callahan, 498, 505. 

Cambridge, 7, 61, 128, 289, 302, 303, 

304, 305, 306, 313, 321, 332, 339, 388, 

3S9, 517. 
Carrier, 106, 120, 199, 200, 201-210, 

219, 232. 
Carlton, 107, 112, 120, 239, 522. 
Gary, Arthur, 51, 52. 
Case, Isaac T., 549. 
Chandler, 96-98. 
Chandler, David, 297. 
Chandler, James, 98, 440, 612. 
Chandler, John, 96, 97, 98, 107, 120 

[see 609], 137, 149. 153. 168, 185, 

441, 609. 
Chandler, Joseph, 98, 239, 575. 
Chandler, Joshua. 98, 344, 496. 
Chandler, Lieut. Nathan, 242, 277, 294, 

295- 



Chandler, Phebe, 205, 208. 
Chandler, I'hilemon, 98, 356. 
Chandler, Rev. Samiiel, 98, 239, 253, 

440. 504. 
Chandler, Thomas, 11, 13, 32, 47.48, 

49, 50, 85. 96, 97, 107, 120, 136, 137, 

168, 172, I7'9, 211, 444.5^0. 598. 
Chandler, William, 10, 32, 34. 66, 67, 

69, 70, 71, 85. 96. 97. 137. 13S. 576. 
Channing, Wifliam E., D. D., 15, 130. 
Chase, Abijah, 595. 
Chegnccto, 250. 
Chelmsford, 77, 165, 171, 177, 179. 246, 

3.^3- 
Chickering, 155, 392. 

Chubb, 82, 120, 122, i8r, 182, 183. 

Church (First ), North, 410-441, 447- 

452, 461, 464-472, 501- 
Church, South, 441-447. 452-457, 461, 

472-475. 480-485, 501. 
Church, Theological Seminary, 462- 

464, 501. 
Church, West, 475-4S0, 501. 
Church, Methodist Episcopal (And- 

over), 486, 502. 
Church, Bapti-st, 486, 502. 
Church, Evangelical (North Andover), 

487-489, 502. 
Church, Christ, Protestant Episcopal 

(Andover), 489-492, 502. 
Church, Universalist, 492, 502. 
Church, Methodist Episcopal (North 

Andover), 493, 503. 
Church, Free Christian, 493-495. 503- 
Church, Protestant Episcopal (Ballard- 

vale), 495, 504. 
Church, Union Congregational (Bal- 

lardvale), 495, 503. _ , ,„ , 

Church, Methodist Episcopal (Bal- 

lardvale), 495, 503. 
Church, St. Augustine's, Roman Cath- 
olic (Andover), 246, 248, 249, 493, 

496, 504. 
Church, St. Michael's, Roman Catholic 

(North Andover), 493, 496, 504- 
Churches and Pastors, Tabular State- 
ment, 501,502, 50V 504. 
Churchill, Prof. J. W., 566, 567. 
Civil Officers, 136, 137, 278, 279, 391. 
Clark, 155, 157, 490, 557- 
Clay-ground, 30. 
Cleaveland, John, 546. 
Clements, 17, 21, 76, 606. 
Clifford, Rev. John II., 469. 47°, 501- 
Cobb, Rev. L. II., 489. 502. 
Coburn, Stephen, 546. 
Cochichawick, 2, 5, 7, 8, 27, 574, 575, 

586. 590. 
Cogswell, Francis, 491, 592, 593. 
Cooke, William, 522. 
Commissions, 242, 256, 331, 386. 



6i8 



INDEX. 



Common Lands, 29, 30, 32, 104. 
Concord, 82, 148, 177, 188, 246, 307, 

30S, 309, 602, 603. 
Constitution, Slate, 3i;5, 356, 357. 
Constitution, Federal, 131, 396, 399, 

404. 
Coroner's Jury, 144. 
Cornvvallis, 388. 

Cotting, Benjamin E., M. D., 549. 
Cotton, Sealiorn, 76. 
Cromwell, John, 120 [see 609]. 
Cross, George N., 530. 
Crown Point, 244, 251, 252, 254, 256, 

259, 260, 262, 263. 
Cummings, 155, 488, 496, 522. 
Cutshamaclie, 26, 27, 163, 166, 609. 



D. 



Dale, 117, 160, 544, 545. 
Dam, 604, 576, c;So. 
Damon, l)avid, 546. 
Dana, Ricliard H., 15, 130. 
Dane, 32, 46,82, 85, 107, 112, 120 [see 
609], 140, 199, 200, 221, 226, 228, 

233. 294, 304. 444, 485. 50'. 517- 
Dane, Rev. Francis, 32, 85, 86, 107, 

112, 196, 199, 218, 224,228, 232,235, 

421, 424, 501, 517. 
Dan vers, 196. 300, 441. 
Dark Day, 3S7. 
Davis, 121 [see 609], 188, 488, 556, 

557, 59S, 600. 
Davis, Edmund, 511, 598. 
Davis, George Edmund, 162, 599. 
Davis, George L , 488, 556, 557, 599, 

600. 
Dearborn, General, 327, 330. 
Declaration of Independence, 354. 
Deeds, 8, 9, 12, 27, 85, 94. 
Deer Jump, 184, 604. 
Delaines, 594. 

Dennison, Daniel, 167, 169, 173. 
Den Rock, 313, 516. 
Description of Andover, 10, 401,402. 
Detroit, 258. 

Devil's Baptism, 198, 212, 219, 222. 
Devil's Covenant, 206, 211, 212, 220, 

Diamond Island, 377, 611. 

Donald, 495, 501, 506, 601. 

Dorchester, 26, 163, 357. 

Dorr, Joseph, 522. 

Douglass, Rev. Malcolm, D. D., 491, 

502. 
Dove, George W. W., 597. 
Dove, John, 493 [see 612], 494, 531, 

^ 532, 563. 596, 597- 
Dover, 15, 59S. 
Dowse, Abby, 554. . 



Dracut, 74. 

Draper, 200, 557, 570. 

Dudley, Joseph, 134. 

Dudley, Thomas, 167, 418, 420. 

Dunbar, Majnr, 305. 

Dunstable, 40, 179, 188. 

Dupee, 249. 

E. 

Early Settlers, 1-163, 11, 32, 107, 120, 

155- 
Eaton, 500, 506, 541. 

Edwaid, Fort, 354, 362, 363, 364, 367. 

Edwards, Prof. Bela B., 566, 572. 

Edwards, Jonathan, 472, 498, 505. 

Edwards, Justin, 461, 472, 473, 474, 

475. 490, 501, 524, 566. 
Elliot, John, 589. 
Eliot, the Apostle, 165, 609. 
Eimes [see Ames]. 
Eirres, 107, 120. 

Emerson, 498, 499, 505, 566, 571. 
Emerson, Mr. John, 222, 223. 
Emery, 120, 123, 441, 497, 505. 
Emigration, 147, 148. 
Esbert, 246, 248, 249. 
Essex County, 167, 168, 172, 178, 179, 

242, 296, 300, 351, 352, 380. 
Essex Gazette, 275, 295, 296, 327. 
Exeter, 14, 83, 147, 155, 177. 



Farnham or Farnum, 32, 8=;, 92, 107, 

113. 120 [see 609 J, 137-140,204,239, 

444. 
Farnham, Armstrong, 113, 587. 
Farnum, Capt. Benjamin, 294, 296, 304, 

307, 317, 320, 321, 323, 327, 341, 351. 

361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 368, 371, 372, 

391, 409, 469- 
Farnham, Jedidiah, 469, 488, 599. 
Farnum, John, 242, 269, 277, 293,295, 

356, 523- 
Farrar, Samuel, 457, 515, 536, 555, 

556, 566. 
Farrington, 30, 120, 123, 200, 252, 270, 

277,^78, 297, 335. 
Farwell, Asa, 557. 
Fashions and Social Customs, 16, 25, 

35' 76, 77,78, 79, 86, 113, 114, 283, 

284, 285, 288, 402, 403, 404, 508, 509, 

607. 
Faulkner, 82, 83, 109, 120, 151, 170, 

505, 595- 
Faulkner, Abigail, 199, 200, 216, 217, 

218. 
Faulkner, Edmond, 11, 32, 65, 72, 74, 

82, 107, 13S, 167, 174, 180, 416. 



INDEX. 



619 



Felton, Cornelius C, 548. 

Ferries, 59, 60. 

First Resident on Kecord, 7, 8. 

Fisheries, is^. i^;;,, 165, 575. 

Five-mile Pond, 56, 19S, 222, 237. 

Flagg. Rev. Rufus C, 489, 502, 569. 

Flint, James, 543. 

Foster, 99-102. 

Foster, Abraham, 99, 107 [see 608], 120. 

Foster, Abiel, loi, 441, 504 [see 612], 

522. 
Foster, Ann, 99, 200, 207, 213, 214. 
Foster, Andrew, 11, 32, 99, 107 [see 

608I, 121, 153. 205. 
Foster, Asa, loi, 2b8, 277, 288, 294, 

295, 406. 
Foster, David, loi, 508. 
Foster, Dwight. 100. 
Foster, Ephraim, 69, loo, loi, 107, 

120, 142, 211, 438. 
Foster, George, 102. 
Foster, Isaac, loi, 25S, 259, 497, 508. 
Foster, Jedediah, 100, 291, 523. 
Foster, John, loi, 242. 259, 277, 288, 

513- 
Foster, Joshua, 508. 

Foster, Lucy, 551. 

Foster, Moses, loi. 

Foster, Ruby, 525. 

Foster, Simon, loi. 

Foster, Stephen, loi, 497. S^S- 

Foster, E. Thomas, 102, 498, 505. 

Foster, William, loi, 104, 294, 444, 

513^ 5='. 542. 
Foster's Pond, 59. 
Foundry, Davis & Furber, 599. 
Foundry, E. Davis & Son, 598. 
Fouque'tt, 347. 
Francis, Colonel, 362, 366. 
French, J. D. W., 116. 
- French, Jonathan, 279, 328, 329, 356, 

384, 387, 409, 45^-457, 459, So\. 
French and Indian War, 236-266. 
French War, Officers, 277 [see 253]. 
Frye,88,89, 107, 120, 121, 168, 239, 251. 
Frye, Abiel, 251, 277. 
Frye, Eunice, 199, 222, 228, 23c, 233. 
Fryeburg, 190, 316, 317, 332- 
Frve, James, 69, 88, 137, 143- m8, 170, 

238, 241, 242, 252, 253, 258, 270, 277, 

288, 293, 295, 297,301,317,322, 323, 

339. 350. 391. 507. 598. 
Frye, John, 11, 30, 32, 69, 88, 107, 121, 

135. 137. 138. 139. 200, 226, 416, 469. 

499. 
Frye, Tonathan, 88, 186, 188, 190, 440. 
Frve, Gen. Joseph, 88, 239, 244, 245, 

249, 250, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 

265, 272, 277, 278, 279, 316, 317, 331, 

391- 
Frye, Nathan, 89 [see 608], 490. 



Frye, Nathaniel, 137, 168, 238, 278, 435. 

Frye. Peter, 88, 446, 523. 

Frye. Samuel, 107, 120, 139, 148, 168, 

221, 294, 295, 518, 580. 
Frye, Theophilus, 580. 
Fuller, 490, 499, 502, 505. 
Funerals, 20, 408, 409, 438, 508, 509 

[see 613]. 
Furbush, Charles, 65, 155, 255, 307, 

317,319,320, 324,339.391- 
Fyrmin, Giles, 4, 7. 



G. 



Gage, 33, 161 [see 609], 497, 505, 600- 

Gaming, 69, 71. 

Garrison, 172, 177. 

Gates, General, 367. 

George, Lake, 244, 251, 252, 253, 255, 

258. 
Gilbert, 488, 599. 
Gleason, B. W., 599. 
Gloucester, 7, 171, 441. 
Goddard, Charles, 557. 
Godfrey, John. 53. 54, 196. 
Goldsmith, William G., 530. 
Gould, 155, 522, 569, 593. 
Grammar, Rev. Joseph, 492, 502. 
Grand Pre, 245. 
Granger. 92, 120, 244. 
Grants of land, 63, 65, 147. 575- 
Graves, Mark, 32, 85, 120, 123, 152. 
Gravestones, 23, 43.84, 110,111, 112, 

233. 237.349. 350. 438. 445- 447, 448, 

449, 507, 508, 513, 514, 516. 
Gray, 85, 107, 113, 114. 460, 504. 575- 
Greene, 495, 503. 
Griffin, Prof. E. D., 564, 566. 
Groton, 14, 123, 126, 179, 383. 427, 

612. 
Gulliver, Prof. J. P., 566, 567. 
Gunpowder, 185, 316, 317, 342-349. 

580 [see 613]. 
Gutterson, 107, 114, 121, 501. 



H. 

Hadley, 422. 

Hagget,65, 121, 123, 124, 176, 304, 326, 

365, 576. 
Haines, Jonathan, 183. 
Hale, 522, 589. 
Hall, 333, 349- 
Halifax, 244. 
Hancock, 290, 397. 
Hamilton, Rev. B. Y., 489, 502. 

Hardy, 155. 341.353- _■ 

Harvard College, 89, 288, 334, 417, 

427, 517. 
Hasseltine, N. J., 557. 



620 



INDEX. 



Hastings, Lemuel S., 530. 

Haverhill, 7. 53, 55, 56, 59, 147, 148, 

149, 177, 180, 183, 1S5, 196, 29S, 407, 

416, 441. 
Hawkes, Sarah, 116, 200 [see 609]. 
Hawthorne, 1S8, 554- 
Hazen, Nathan W., 396, 52S. 
Heath, General, 346. 
Hibbard, Thomas, 522. 
Highways, 64. 
Hilliard, Timothy, 546. 
Hitchcock. 563. 
Hodges, 588. 
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 14, 130, 406, 

535' 540- 

Holt, II, 21,32, 55, 56, 62, 69, -jG, 94, 
95,96. 107, 120, 139, 140, 141, 148, 
202, 205, 253, 2 S5. 273, 277, 294, 295, 
304, 416, 44'. 460, 496, 504, 522. 

Holt, Rev. Jacob, 496. 

Holt, Capt. Joshua, 95, 288, 294, 295, 

301, 303. 356, 391.392, 393- 
Holt, Moses, 441. 
Holt, Nathan, 441. 
Holt, Rev. Peter, 460 
Holyoke, Samuel, 522. 
Hooper, Thomas, 121. 
Houghton, 400, 401, 402, 58 1, 582, 583. 
House-lots, 29, 31, -^T^. 
Houses, Ancient and Historic, 18, 24, 

82. 86, 88, 95, 116, 125, 127, 155, 157, 

158, 161, 190, 312,389, 401, 443, 534, 

542, 609, 610. 
How, 155, 157, 331. 
Howartii, 595. 
Howe, Annie, 530. 
Hoyt, John, 180. 
Hubbardton, 375. 
Hugh (Murderer), 80, 81. 
Hunting, 37, 38. 
Hutchinson, 74, 107, 114, 120, 18 1, 26S. 



Incorporation of Town of Andover, 11. 
Incorporation of South Parish, 611. 
Incorporation of West Parish, 612. 
Independence, Mt., 374, 375.'376, 377, 

378. 
Indians, 2, 26, 27, 57, 66, 71, 163-194, 

238, 258, 262. 
Indians, Hostile, at Andover, 169, 170, 

173-176, 180-183. 
Indians, " Praying," 165, 166. 
Indian, Assacumbuit, 181. 
Indian, Cutshamache, 27, 163, 166. 
Indian, Numphow, 165. 
Indian, Passaconaway, 26, 150, 163. 
Indian, Roger, 27, 164. 
Ingalls, 30, 32, 75, 76, 102, 107, 109 



114, 115,, 120, 137,13^, 142, 144. 151. 
168, 253. 254, 277, 294, 295, 392,498, 

525- 575 
Ink Factory, 601. 

Inns and Innholders, 65-75, 279, 280, 

385,401, 406. 

Insurrection, Shays's, 392, 393, 394, 

395- 
Intemperance, 66, 63, 69, 81, 384, 436, 

473- 
Inventories, 20 [see 606], 21, 24 [see 

607], 79. 93 [-ee 60S]. 2S3. 
Ipswich, 2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 43, 55, 71, 73, 76, 

136, 169, 173, 220, 282. 421. 
Iron Works, 152, 580, 598. 



J- 

Jackson, Rev. Samuel C, 461, 476, 477, 

478, 501. 
Jacques, Henry, ii, 32, 106. 
Johnson, 116, 117. 
Johnson, Abigail, 200. 
Johnson, Andrew, 239, 254. 
Johnson, Elizabeth, 200, 218, 219. 
Johnson, Francis, 120, 200, 218. 
Johnson, Rev. Francis H., 117, 557, 

572. 
Johnson, Hannah, 23Q, 2^4. 
Johnson, James, 121 [see 609]. 
Johnson, James, Esq., 117, 511. 
Johnson, John, 32, 107, 121, 142, 144, 

152. 
Johnson, Osgood, 117, 499,505, 537, 

539- 
Johnson, Rebecca, 200, 225, 412. 
Johnson, Returne, 107. 
Johnson, Col. Samuel, 1 16, 242, 293, 

294, 295, 296, 298, 31^0, 352,355, 358, 

372, 374, 375. 376, 377. 378, 380, 391, 

392- 
Johnson, Capt. Samuel, 116, 294, 320, 

352, 353- 374- 376, 377, 381. 39i, 409- 
Johnson, Rev. Samuel, 116. 
Johnson, Stephen, 32 [see 607], 107, 

138, 148, 200, 574. 
Johnson, Theron, 117, 530. 
Johnson, Thomas, 32, 62, 64, 68, 73, 

76, 107, 116, 121 [see 609], 137, 138, 

142, 148. 151, 153, 168, 228, 60S. 
Johnson, Timothy, 107 [see 60S], 116, 

137, 142, 144, 148, 16S, 183,238,240, 

435- 609. 
Johnson, William, 68, 107, 121, 140, 

444- 
Johnson, Lieut. William, 373, 386, 387. 
Johnson, William, Esq., 117,468. 
Johnson High School, 117, 530. 
Jones, Frederick, 563. 
Jones, Lieutenant, 363, 364. 



INDEX, 



621 



K. 



Kempe, 107, 1 17. 

Kennebec River, 177, 243. 

Kimball, 155. 

Kittei y, 25. 

Kittredge, 155, 157, 159. 

Kittredge, James, 280, 576. 

Kittredge, br. John, 157, 158, 159, 271, 

2S0, 281, 507. 
Kittredge, Dr. Joseph, 159, 58S, 590, 

602. 
Kittredge, Mrs. Hannah. 159, 470. 
Kittredge, Patty, 551. 
Kittredge, Dr. Thomas, 158, 329, 330, 

391, 396, 409, 551- 
Knapp, Samuel L., 190, 544. 



L. 



"^ 



-JLacey, 107, 117', 120, 200, 207, 216, 

219. 
Ladle Meadow Brook, 575. 
Lakeman, Nathan, 522. 
Lamson, Samuel, 557, 
Lancaster, 179, 337. 
Landers, Rev. S. P., 493, 502. 
Langstroth, Rev. L. L., 461, 482, 501. 
Laundre, 248, 249. 
Lawrence, 109, 132, 166, 590, 594, 601, 

603, 604. 
Lexington, 297, 301, 305, 307, 308,309, 

313- 

Library, Ballardvale, 532. 

Library, Harvard College, 334, 335. 

Library, Memorial Hall, 531, 532. 

Library, North Andover, 532. 

Library, Social, 530. 

Library, Theological Seminary, 568. 

Lincoln, Rev. Varnum, 493. 

List of Freeholders, 11. 

List of Proprietors, Householders, 32 
[see 607]. 

List of Men to Work on Road, 64. 

List of Early Innholders, 72. 

List of Early Records of Marriages, 75. 

List of Persons who took Oath of Al- 
legiance (1678), 107 I see 608J. 

List of Tax-payers for Minister's Rate 
(1692), 120, 121 [see 609]. 

List of Early Town Officers, 137-142. 

List of Representatives and other Civil 
Officers. 136, 137, 278, 279, 391. 

List of Early Officers of Militia, 168, 
169, 242. 

List of Occupations, 151. 

List of Family Names (1746), 155. 

List of Soldiers in Narraganset Expe- 
dition, 170. 

List of Towns garrisoned, 177. 



List of Persons slain by Indians, 1 77, 

179, I So, 183. 
List of Persons accused of Witchcraft, 

199, 200, 201 [see, also, ]iage 221]. 
List of Deaths in the King's Service 

.(1745). 239- 
List of Acadiaiis, 249. 

List of Deaths at Lake George, 251. 

List of Officers in French War, 277 

[see, also, page 253]. 
List of Revolutionary Committees, 288, 

293, 294, 295, 356, 392, 396, 409. 
List of Revolutionary Soldiers [see 

Revolutionary Rolls). 
List of Revolutionary Officers, 391. 
List of Divinity Students, 425,426, 427, 

440, 441, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 496- 

501, 504-506 [see 612]. 
List of Churches and Ministers, 501- 

504. 
List of Masters of the Ancient Gram- 
mar School, 522. 
List of Principals of Punchard Free 

School, 529. 
List of Principals of Johnson High 

School, 530. 
List of Trustees of Phillips Academy, 

.534- 
List of Principals of Phillips Academy, 

537- 

List of Preceptors of Franklin Acade- 
my, 54S> 546, 549- 

List of Preceptresses of Franklin Acad- 
emy, 552-555. 

List of Principals of Abbot Academy, 

557- 
List of Trustees of Abbot Academy, 

557- 

List of Professors of Theological Sem- 
inary, 566, 567. 

List of Treasurers and Librarians, 566, 
567. 

Littleton, 337. 

Little Hope Brook, 13. 

Local Names, 38. 

Londonderry, 149, 407. 

Loring, 39, 132, 461, 465, 468, 501, 510, 

530. S49- 
Louisburg, 238, 239, 323. 
Lovejoy, 11, 32, 43, 62, 64,69, 75, 99, 

120, 121, 137, 145, 170,253, 301, 303, 

352, 357,3^3- 391, 409, 522, 523, 580. 
Loveweli's Fight, 187, 609. 
Lowell, 165. 
Lynn, 3. 7, 16, 73, 171. 



M. 



Machine Shops, Ballardvale, 600, 601. 
Machine Shop, Davis & Furber's, 599. 



622 



INDEX. 



Machine Shop, Smith, Faulkner, & 

Kicliardson, 595. 
Manning, John H., 505. 
Marble, 107, 117, 141, 148, 151, 231, 

^J}^ 3-0, 35?- 
Marbleliead, 170, 345. 
March, Col. John, 58, 59, 184. 
Market, Clerk of, 140, 141, 153. 
Market Town, 57, 153. 
Marland, 489, 490, 491, 527, 585, 5S6, 

590, 59^> 593' 599- 
Marli)oroiigh, 179. 
Marriages, 75, 76, 81, 424, 450, 454. 
Marston, 30, 65, 107, 117, 120, 139, 170, 

22t, 226. 

Marlin, 32, 45, 107, 13S, 148, 151, 240. 

Mascareiie, 270 [see 610]. 

Mather, 79, So, 89, 135, 174, 182, 206, 

222, 4'7.4i9- 
McKeen, Misses, 557. 
McKenzie, Rev. William S., 487. 
McRea, Jane, 363, 364. 
Mead, Prof. C. M., 366, 567. 
Means, Rev. D. McGregor, 500, 506. 
Means, William G., 516. 
Medfield. 177. 
Medford, 14, 22, 458. 
Meeting-house, 28, 134, 198, 241, 410, 

411, 428, 430, 432, 434, 442,451,455, 

466, 476, 486, 488. 
Memorial Hall, 531, 532. 
Menolomy, 307, 314, 335. 
Merrill, 460, 479, 500, 501, 546. 
Merrimack, 49 [see 608J. 
Merrimack River, 2, 147, 150, 152, 153, 

165, 172, 184, 301, 586, 602, 603. 
Methuen, 60, 266, 267, 271, 298, 301, 

312, 378, 379.434, 601, 604. 
Midclleton, 163, 440. 
Military Organization, 166, 167, 168, 

169, 400. 
Mill, Cotton, Marland, 591. 
Mills, Flax, Smith, Dove & Company, 

595, 596, 597- 
Mills, Fulling and Clothing, 578, 579, 

5S0, 586. 
Mill, Paper, 581-585. 
Mill, Powder, 342-349, S^o, 581, 613. 
Mills, Saw and Grist, 152, 574, 575, 

576, 577, 579, 580, 599- 
Mill, Scythe-grinding, 114, 575. 
Mills, Woollen, Abbot's, 586. 
Mills, Woollen, Ayer's, 586. 
Mills, Woollen, Ballardvale, 593, 594. 
Mills, Woollen, Hovvarth & Chase, 595. 
Mills, Woollen, Marland, 586, 591,592. 
Mills, Woollen, North Andover, 588, 

589- 
Mills, Woollen, Saunders, 602. 
Mills, Woollen, Scholfield's, 585. 
Mills, Woollen, Stevens's, 589, 590. 



Mills, Woollen, Sutton's, 587, 588. 
Ministers, 3, 5,7,89, 131,216,226,410- 

506. 
Montreal, 258, 273, 274. 
Mooar, or More, 64, 121, 124, 243, 304, 

478, 483,484, 499, 501- 
Morgan, Rev. D. S., 500. 
Moose Country, 603. 
Murder, 43, 79, 80. 
Murdock, Prof. James, 565, 566. 
Murphy, Rev. Maurice J., 496, 504. 
Musketo Biook, 575. 



N. 



Narraganset, 170, 579. 

Negroes, 39-43, 71, 177, 323, 324, 450, 

59S. 
Nesmith, John, 603. 
Newbury, 3. 5, 6, 7, 18, 23,-55, 58. 168, 

1S6, 219, 306, 419. 
New Castle, 440. 
New London, 14. 
Newman, 409, 485, 496, 498, 537, 538, 

539, 555, 556, 593- 
Newport, 381, 382. a 

Nichols, 107, 120. 
Nod, Land of, 63, 99. / 
Norris, 131, 558, 562. • 
Noyes, 155, 157, 253, 255, 256, 276,331, 

448, 499. 
Numphow, 165. 
Nutfield, 148. 



O 



Occupations, 151. 

Ordinaries, 16, 70. 

Osgood, 15-23. 

Osgood, Christopher, 69, 93, 96, 107, 
136, 137, 138-142, i^i, 168, 177, 184, 
185, 226, 231, 444, 607, 608. 

Osgood, David, 22, 65, 288, 328, 329, 

389, 45S, 504, 564- 
Osgood, Gay ton P., 22, 587. 
Osgood, Dr. George, 331, 373, 469. 
Osgood, Hannah, 22, 554. 
Osgood, Henry, 22. 
Osgood, Hooker, 121, 142, 169. 
Osgood, Isaac, 22, 23, 277, 294, 468, 

475' 523, 586, 599, 609. 
Osgood, Isaac F., 23 [see 607]. 
Osgood, John, 11, 15, 17 [see 606], 20, 

[see 607], 32, 57, 62, 64, 66, 72, 76, 

107, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138-142, 151. 

152, 167, 168, 171, 175, 178, 179, 185, 

226, 230, 241, 261, 279, 416, 469, 609. 

Osgood, Rev. Jonathan, 504 [see6i2j. 



INDEX. 



623 



Osgood, Dr. Joseph, 22, 294, 331, 336, 

469, 522. 
Osgood, Mary, 75, 76, 199, 201, 222, 

223, 22S. 230, 233, 606, 610. 
Osgood, Peter, 22, 2SS, 295, 356, 391, 

392. 394. 39^'. 496 [-^t-e 504]- 
Osgood, Sanuiel, 22,^293, 304, 306, 315, 

335. 356, 391, 399^ 465^523. 609. 
Osgood, S.irali, 2t. ^ 
Osgood, Susan, 471, 472. 
Osgood, Stephen, 46, 107, 138, 139, 

148, 606. 
Osgood, Thomas, 69, 107, 121 [see 

609I, 153- 4'3- 
Osgood, 1 imothy, 22, 107, I20, 137, 

142, 435- 
Otis, James, 278, 389, 390. 
Oxford, 246. 



Packard, Rev. George, D. D., 490, 

502. 
Page, 488, 502, 546. 
Paine, 'I'homas, 522. 
Paper Mill, 58 1-584, 599. 
Park, 477, 500, 505, 561, 565, 566, 567, 

572- ^ 

Parker, 11, 18, 32 [see 608 1, 47, 72, 74, 

^102, 103, 104, 107, 120J137, 144, 148, 

151, 170. 177, 201,210,244,255,266, 

267, 273, 277, 378, ^, 418, 419, 574. 
Parks, 132. "■"" 

Parris, Percival G., 530. 
Pavvlet, 377. 
Peabody, 155, 160, 161, 162, 277, 284, 

301, 342, 352, 356, 391,392,457,504, 

522, 536, 544, 553- 
Peabody, Nathaniel, 544. 
Peabody, Elizabeth P., 553. 
Pearson, 242, 344, 485, 522, 525, 534, 

537, 55S, 561, 563, 566. 
Peekskill, 382, t^^t,. 
Peirce, Rev. Charles H., 479, 501. 
Pemaquid, 180, 181. 
Pemberton, Ebeuezer, 537, 538. 
Pennacook, 148, 149, 150, 151. 
Pequauket, 186, 265. 
Perley, Israel, 522. 
Pelers, 70, 72, no, 121, 124, 142, 143, 

153, 179, '^o, 309, 411,440,497, 520, 

C22. 

Peters's Falls, 603. 

Peters's " Wading Place," 184. 

Petitions of Early Settlement, 4, 5, 48, 

57,61,66, 67, 68, 69, 147. 
Petitions of Early Indian Wars, 167, 

171, 172, 17;, 178, 181. 
Petitions of Witchcraft, 215, 217, 218, 

220, 225, 226, 230, 231, 233, 235. 



Petitions of French and Indian War, 
240, 243, 244, 247, 250,251, 252,253, 
2S4. 255, 256, 258, 259,260, 262,263, 
264, 265, 266, 268, 270, 271,272, 273, 
274, 280, 281, 282. 

Petitions of Revolution, 324, 325, 345, 

378. 
Phelps, 32 [see 608], 107, 118, 121, 

152, 170, 599- 
Phelps, Prof. Austin, 500, 566, 572. 
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 569, 571. 
Pheli)s, Rev. Lawrence, 500, 506. 
Phelps, Prof. Moses Stuart, 500, 506. 
Phillips, Rev. George, 155. 
Phillips, 155-157- 
Phillips, Hon. John, LL. D., 155, 440, 

447, 522, 533, 534- 
Phillips, Hon. "Col." John, 156, 409, 

558, 560, 585. 
Phillips, Mr. John C, 536. 
Phillips, Madam, 156, 306, 395, 446, 

559- 
Phillips, Rev. Samuel, 149, 154, 155, 

429, 430, 432, 439. 44', 443, 444, 445, 

446, 447, 507- 
Phillips, Hon. Samuel, 154, 155, 258, 

279, 286, 288, 289, 290, 293, 295, 356, 

391,431,447,522, 533, 534. 
Phillips, Lieut. -gov. "Judge" Samuel, 

156, 2S8, 293, 315, 316, 3^34, 342, 343, 

356,391,395-409. 456, 5^2. 
Phillips, Wendell, 14, 130, 536. 
Phillips, Hon. William, 155, 291, 332, 

435. 447, 533, 534- 
Phillips, Hon. Willard P., 157 [see 

609], 532- 
Phillips Academy, 533-542. 
Phillips Manse at North Ando'ver, 155, 

156, 157. 
Phillips Mansion House, Andover, 

534- 
Physicians, 4, 14, 157, 158, 159, 160, 197, 

243, 248, 255, 256, 271, 329, 330, 331, 

[see 611], 336, 612. 
Pickering, 300. 
Pierce, 488, 489, 502, 547. 
•Pike, Mdj. Robert, 169, 179. 
Plaistcd, Colonel, at Andover, 253. 
Plantation, 4, 5, 6, 147. 
Poor, II, 32 [see 607), 62, 72, 75, 91, 

92, 93 [see 608], 94, 107, 120, 137, 

13^, 139. 151, 221, 244,251,277,294, 

301, 302, 310, 321, 323,324, 392,400, 

406, 485. 
Poor, Col. Thomas, 297, 298, 301, 310, 

312, 383,386, 391. 
Poor, Gen. Enoch, 328, 380, 381. 
" Poppets," 214, 219. 
Porter, 515, 565, 566, 571. 

Post, 120. 20I. 

Post Rider, 407. 



624 



INDEX. 



Powder Mill, 342-349> S^o [see 613], 

611. 
Preston, 49 [see 60S], 107, 118, 120, 

148,152,170,208,519.575. 
Proprietors, 28, 32 [see 607], 525, 543. 
Provincial Congress, 292, 305, 315, 316. 
Public Libraries, 530-533. 
Public Schools, 517-530- 
Punchard, Benjamin H., 491, 527, 592. 
Punchard Free School, 527-530. 
Purchase of Plantation, 26. 
Putnam, 330, 49S, 505, 546-549- 
Putnam, Ann, 197, 219, 236. 



Quakers, 414, 415, 5S4. 

Quichichwick, 2, 5. 

Quincy, Josiah, 443, 454, 536. 



R. 



Raymond, Samuel, 516, 593. 
Reading, 8, 10, 62, 63, 99. 
Regan, Rev. Daniel D., 501, 506. 
Remington, Rev. Frank, 487. 
Representatives to General Court, 136, 

137.278,279. 
Revolution (16S9), 135, 136. 
Revolution {1775), 286-410. 
Revolutionary Battles, 300, 301, 305, 

30S, 309, 317, 318, 322, 330, 332, 336, 

365. 367, 368, 369- 378, 380. 
Revolutionary Camplife, 335,336- 337. 

370- 
Revolutionary Captains and Com- 
panies : — 

Abbot, Capt. Henry, 302. 

Abbot, Capt. John, 340, 359, 373, 386. 

Abbot, Capt. Stephen, 362, 386. 

Adams, Capt. John, 373. 

Ames, Capt. Benjamin, 29S, 319. 

Farnum, Capt. Benjamin, 320, 341, 
362. 371. 

Furbush, Capt. Charles, 319. 

Holt, Capt. Joshua, 303,358. 

Johnson, Capt. Samuel, 353, 359, 374, 
381. 

Lovejoy, Capt. Nathaniel, 303, 358, 

359 
Peabody, Capt. John, 342. 
Poor, Captain (acting), Peter, 302. 
Poor, Capt. Thomas, 297. 
Revolutionary Committees, 288, 293, 

294, 295. 356, 392, 396, 409- 
Revolutionary Deserters, 370, 371. 
Revolutionary Diaries and Letters, 296, 

299.305.306. 307.308,309. 310,311, 
312, 314, 322, 327, 328, 330, 332, 333, 



334, 335. 336. 337. 343.346, 347. 354, 
362, 365, 366, 367,368, 369, 370,371, 
375. 377, 384, 388, 389, 395. 399. 40o, 
401, 402, 403, 404, 407, 408. 
Revolutionary Minute-men, 296, 297, 

298. 305. 307, 309- 
Revolutionary Officers, 391. 
Revolutionary Petitions, Speeches, etc., 

290, 294, 299,304, 315, 31S, 320, 324, 

325, 345. 350, 355. 378, 379, 3S0, 383, 

384, 392, 393, 394. 
Revolutionary Refugees (patriot), 313, 

3'4, 332. 333- 
Revolutionary Rolls, 297, 298, 302,303, 

311. 3'9. 320, 340, 341.342, 352. 353, 

358. 359. 360, 361, 362, 37 1, 373, 374, 

381,382.386. 
Revolutionary Song, 312. 
Rice, John, 522. 

Richardson, 77, 105, 549, 595, 599. 
Ridge, Great, or Indian, 99. 
Riedesel, 366, 375.' 
Roads, 55, 56, 57, 64. 
Robbins, Rev. Chandler, 132, 554. 
Robbins, Philemon, 520, 522. 
Robinson, 69, 75, 107, 118, 120, 438. 
Robinson, Rev. Edward, D. D., 566. 
Roger, 27. 

Rogers, 6, 7, 44, 129. 191, 5i8, 522. 
Ropes, Rev. William L., 566. 
Rose Meadow Brook, 30. 
Rowell, 32, 69, 513. 
Rovvell's Folly Brook, 513. 
Rowley, 5, 7, 24, 43, 44, 55, 168, 440, 

471. 
Roxbury, 47, 55. 
Rubber Factory, 601. 
Russ, II, 32,45, 121 [see 609], 144, 

148,277. 
Russell, 32, loi, 107, 119, 121 [see 609], 

144, 148,512, 594- 
Rust, Henry, 522. 



Salem, 3, 7, 56, 57, 63, 170, 196, 198, 

203, 210, 225,237, 300, 594. 
Salter, 107 [See 608]. 
Saltonstall, 16S, 241 
Saratoga, 354, 367. 
Saunders, 594, 601, 602, 603, 624. 
Sawyer, 301, 599. 
Scarborough, 177. 
Scholfield, 585, 586. 
Schools, Academies, 533-558. 
Schools, Dancing, 526. 
Schools, District, 523-525. 
Schools, Grammar (Ancient) ,516-523. 
Schools, Grammar (Modern), 524. 
Schools, High, 527-530. 



INDEX. 



625 



School, Master Foster's, 542. 

School, Singing, 525. 

Schools, Spinning, 577. 

Schools, Theological Seminary, 558- 

574- 
Schools, Writnig, 525. 
Schoolmasters [see Principals and 

Preceptors], 522, 524, 525. 
Servants, 39-51,324, 3S8, 450. 
Sessions, 50, 107. 
Sewall, Judge, 134, 182, 433. 
Sextons, 412, 511. 
Seymour, Rev. Charles H., 529. 
Sh'attuck, 155,364, 365. 367>369- 
Shawshin, 2, 9, 10, 13, 144, 152, 198, 

212, 575, 579i 580, 595-602. 
Shays, 392, 393, 395. 
Shedd, Prof. VV. G. T., 566. 
Silk, 593. 

Sheep Pasture, 36. 
Sibson, Capt. Joseph, 142, 238. 
Sign of the Horse Shoe, 70. 
Singletary, 76, 120. 
Skinner, 522, 566. 
Slater, 58 5, 591. 
Small-pox, 202, 252, 282, 371. 
Smith, Rev. Charles, 483 [see 612], 

484, 501. 
Smith, Dove & Company, 594, 595, 

596, 597- 
Smith, John, 478, 529, 531, 532, 536, 

556. 563' 595. 596, 597- 
Smith, Lydia, 333. 
Smith, Joseph W., 532. 

Smith, Peter, 478, 529,531, 536, 556, 

557, 563. 568, 595> 596, 597- 
Smith, Samuel C, 530. 

Smyth, Prof. Egbert C, 566, 567. 

Snow-shoe Men, 184, 186. 

Sorcery, 229. 

Spofford, 524, 546. 

Sprague, Martha, 211. 

Spring, 132, 560. 

Stages, 405, 406. 

Stamp Act, 286, 287. 

Stevens, 23-26. 

Stevens, Abiel, 145. 

Stevens, Asa, 242, 251. 

Stevens, Benjamin, 25, 30, 40, 120, [37, 

150, 168, 184, 186, 187, 427, 507, 612. 
Stevens, Bimsley, 304, 305, 391, 406. 
Stevens, Charles A., 26, 590, 599. 
Stevens, Ephraim, 85, 107, 120 [see 

609I, 140, 141, 142, 144, 148, 173, 

185. 
Stevens, Horace N., 469. 
Stevens, Henry H., 590, 595. 
Stevens, Isaac I., Gen., 26, 610. 
Stevens, James, 25, 26, 142, 238, 241, 

251,309,310,311,335,337. 
Stevens, John, 11, 23, 24 [see 607], 25^ 

40 



32, 62, 64, 107, 121, 138, 151, 167, 

179, 429. 
Stevens, Jonathan, 377. 
Stevens, Joseph, 25, 107 [see 608], 

425, 469. 
Stevens, Moses T., 26, 530, 590, 591, 

593- 
Stevens, Nathan, 32, 85, 107, 120, 137 

140, 141, 148, 170. ^ 

Stevens, Nathaniel, 25, 586, 5S9, 599, 

603. / 

Stevens, Oliver, 26, 610. / 

Stevens, Piiineas, 25, 26, 440. 
Stevens, Timothy, 32,46. 
Stevens, William, 26. 
Stevens Hall, 530. 
Still-house, 72. 
Stillwater, 367, 36S, 37S, 380. 
Stone, 107, 120, 121, 500. 
Stone, Joseph M., 4S8, 600. 
Stone, Rev. T. D. P., 557. 
Stone, Valeria G., 563. 
Stoughton, 342,343- 611. 
Stores, 154, 408. 
Stoves, 455. 
Stowe, 515, 565, 566. 
Stuart. 565, 566,571. 
Suicide, 445. 
Sutton, 8, 9, 13, 33, 34, 62, 137, 530, 

579, 583, 586, 588, 589- 
Swan, 30, 59, 120, 125, 144, 210, 214, 

237, 242, 506. 
Symmes, 131, 186, 187, 356,396,397. 

398, 409, 432, 447, 448, 449, 450, 464, 

501, 522,534,612. 



Taverns [see Inns], 149, 2S0, 405,406, 

602. 
Taxation, 120, 133, 134, 135. 146, 277- 

2S6, 287, 356, 392. 
Taylor, Edward, 566. 
Taylor, Emma L., 557. 
Taylor, John L., Prof., 293, 316, 401, 

461, 482, 483, 501, 566, 567. 
Taylor, John P., Rev., 483, 505. 
Taylor, Samuel H., LL. U., 537, 540. 
Tenney, Samuel, 522. 
Tewksburv, 280, 28 1, 307, 308. 
Thayer, Prof. J. H., 566, 567. 
Theological Seminary, 558-574. 
Theological Seminary Library, 56S. 
Theological Seminary Printing Press, 

570- 
Ticonderoga, 268, 353, 354, 361, 362, 

364, 366, 367, 372, 374, 375, 376, 377. 
Tilton, 537, 541. 
Toothaker, 120, 125, 202. 
Topsfaeld, 8, 14, 16S, 170. 



626 



INDEX. 



Town Clerks (early), 138. 

Town Meetings, 32, 33, 133, 134, 135. 
136, 141, 145. 287, 292, 293, 294, 296, 
385. 392,393.410,411- 

Town Officers (early), 137-14-- 

Town Records, 137, 145, 183. 

Town Standard of Weights and Meas- 
ures, 144, 145- 

Town Treasurers (early), 141, 142- 

Traders (early), 154, 2S0, 295, 408. 

Travelling, 3, 15, 28, 49, 56, 57, 58, 65, 
67, 69, 73, 74, 222, 228,280, 284,285, 
338, 401, 405, 407. 

Trumbull, Timothy, 522. 

Tucker, Prof. William J., 566, 567. 

Tumbrils, 46. 

Tyler, 32, 46, 47. 48, 54. 120, 125, 196, 
201, 217, 222, 226, 251, 254, 2t>2. 

Tything-men, 140, 413. 



Upton, John, 



U. 



V. 



Varnum, 74, 397. 

Valley Forge, 370, 371, 372. 

Vessels, 58, 59. 

Vinal, Rev. Charles C, 468, 501. 

Vincent, 246. 

Vintners, 65, 72. 



W. 



Wade, 14, 76, 92, 182, 281, 608. 

Waldo, Seth, 546. 

Walker, Timothy, 149, 439, 522. 

Waltham, 246. 

Wamesit, 165, 177, 180. 

Ward, 3, 4, 7, 77, 304, 417- 

Wardwell, 107, 119, 121, 201, 210-213, 

220, 221, 534. 
Wardwell, Samuel, 201, 210-213, 220, 

221. 
Ware, 599. 
Washington, 333, 336, 339, 346, 369, 

401, 408. 
Weddings, 74, 75, 76, 77. 79, 450- 
Wells, 541. 549. 
Wendell, 332, 534. 
Wenham, 3, 7, to, 155 [see 609]. 
West Point, 383, 386. 



White, 120, 153, 446. 

Whitefield, 434. 

Whiting, Thomas, 522. 

Whittington, 107, 148, 170, 579. 

Wiiiglesworth, Edward, 522. 

Wilbur, Rev. H. R., 4S7, 502. 

Wiley, 155, 48S, 600. 

William, Castle, 279. 

William Henry, Fort, 258, 262, 264, 

265, 266, 376. 
Williams, Rev. Francis C, 468, 501. 
Wilmington, 62. 
Wills, 17, 84, 86, 91, 102, 103, 104, 106, 

108, 114, 121, 284,606. 
Wilson, 107, 119, 151, 226, 233, 469, 

518, 608. 
Winnipiseogee, 186. 
Winslow, 243, 244. 
Winthrop, 3, 5, 313, 314, 344- 
Witchcraft, 194-238. 
Witchcraft, Mr. Brattle's Account, 228. 
Witchcraft, Mr. Dane's Account, 231. 
Witchcraft, Accusations, 195, 196, 198, 

199, 200, 204. 
Witchcraft, Condemnations, 199, 200, 
201, 207-209, 210, 214, 216, 2i8, 219, 
220. 
Witchcraft, Confessions, 201, 206, 207, 
212, 213, 219, 221-223, 224, 227, 229, 
232, 233, 234, 235. 
Witchcraft, Petitions, 215, 217, 218, 
220, 224, 225, 226, 230, 231, 233, 235. 
Witchcraft, Relic, 237. 
Witham, Daniel, 519, 522. 
Wolf Hooks, 37. 
Woburn, 10, 60, 97, 149. 171. 3^6. 
Woodbridge, P.enjamin, 11, 32, 89, 517. 
Woodbridge, John, 5, 6, 26, 27, 89, 

163, 416, 417-420, 425. 501, 612. 
Woods, 497, 561, 564, 566, 570. 
Worcester, 246, 337. 
Wright, 34, 35, 107, no, 140, 144. 152, 

153. 255, 277, 579. 
Wright, Rev. G. F., 493, 495, 503- 
Writing, 13, 550. 



Y. 



York, 240, 241. 

Young, 415, 594- 

Young Folks, 36, 41, 45. 46, 47. 53. 68, 
69, 76, 78, 81, 104, 196, 206, 217, 
219, 220, 228, 229, 232, 236,237,413, 
473, 481, 518, 536, 537, 542, 545, 548, 
551,577- 



Lfal\j?9 



